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{{Infobox country | {{Infobox country | ||
|native_name = '' | |native_name = ''Tsurushima daitō kyōwakoku''<br>''鶴島大東共和国'' | ||
|conventional_long_name = Daitoa | |conventional_long_name = Daitoa Republic of Tsurushima | ||
|common_name = Tsurushima | |common_name = Tsurushima | ||
|image_flag = Tsurushima-flag.png | |image_flag = Tsurushima-flag.png | ||
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|latd= | latm= | latNS = | |latd= | latm= | latNS = | ||
|longd= |longm= |longEW = | |longd= |longm= |longEW = | ||
|largest_city = {{wp|Tokyo| | |largest_city = {{wp|Tokyo|Kogaya}} | ||
|largest_settlement = | |largest_settlement = | ||
|largest_settlement_type = city | |largest_settlement_type = city | ||
|official_languages = {{wp|Japanese|Tsurushimese}} | |official_languages = {{wp|Japanese|Tsurushimese}} | ||
|national_languages = {{wp|Okinawan|Central | |national_languages = {{wp|Okinawan|Yumisawan (Central Kahei)}}<br>{{wp|Peninsular Japonic|Yaizu/Kitaganese}}<br>{{wp|Khitan|Sai Kitan}} | ||
|regional_languages = {{collapsible list | |regional_languages = {{collapsible list | ||
|title = [[Regional languages of the Daitoa Republic|14 languages]] | |title = [[Regional languages of the Daitoa Republic|14 languages]] | ||
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|leader_name1 = Various | |leader_name1 = Various | ||
|leader_title2 = Chancellor of the Popular Assembly | |leader_title2 = Chancellor of the Popular Assembly | ||
|leader_name2 = Aichi | |leader_name2 = Hotaru Aichi | ||
|leader_title3 = | |leader_title3 = | ||
|leader_name3 = | |leader_name3 = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Tsurushima''', officially the '''Daitoa | '''Tsurushima''', officially the '''Daitoa Republic of Tsurushima''' or alternatively known as the '''Republic of Tsurushima''', ({{wp|Japanese language|Tsurushiman}} {{wp|romaji}}: Tsurushima daitō kyōwakoku; {{wp|katakana}}: ツルシマ ダイト キョワコク) is a country in [[Ochran|East Ochran]] encompassing a chain of two major archipelagos and several smaller islands in the Makrian Ocean off the far eastern coast as well as the [[Kitagan]] peninsula in mainland [[Ochran]] and an enclave in the [[Zhou]] region. The Technocratic Republic is a constitutional, directorial federal republic composed of a total of five states of varying autonomy, with the Republic of Tsurushima as its largest and most dominant constituent entity on the Tsuru island chain and outlying islands. It shares a maritime border with [[Pulau Keramat]] to the south and southeast, a disputed border in the Kahei islands with the [[Arthurista|Arthuristan]] dominion of [[Lion's Rock]] and western land borders with [[Taizhou]] and [[Chagadalai]] on the Ochran mainland. Tsurushima is home to approximately 126.7 million people and its federal capital of [[Asahina (Ajax)|Asahina]] located on the island of Takao in the Fūsan Republic was a former minor castle town before hosting the republican rebellion of 1752, becoming a {{wp|planned city}} after the Tsurushiman Revolution. Its largest city, Kogaya, is the commercial center of the island nation and potentially the second-largest city in [[Ajax]]. | ||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
The common name referring both to the Republic's major archipelago and the wider | The common name referring both to the Republic's major archipelago and the wider Great East Republic as a whole originates from an early self-description of the island as the ''islands of the noble red-crowned crane''. Several poetic names exist for the region as a whole including ''Azuma-no-kuni'', the ''east country'' or ''Hitakami-no-kuni''. The ''Daitoa'' moniker is the Tsurushiman naming for the general East Ochran-Makrian region in the traditional worldview of the region as a home region at the centre of the world, it was adopted by the revolutionaries of the Daitoa Revolution of 1893 to assert the view of a new Tsurushima across the archipelago and Makrian region would comprise an equal pan-nationalist union of the various East Ochranic and Makrian-islander peoples under the Great East Republic, and not just the . | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== Early Saya and Kasori Cultures === | |||
=== The Great Peace === | === The Great Peace === | ||
Tsurushima, the islands of the noble crane, throughout much of their history have been dependent on the sea for a livelihood (as well as trade for natural resources found lacking) and on a strong tradition of civic duty, arts, the letters and sciences for innovation and culture. For much of the ancient to early modern history of | Tsurushima, the islands of the noble crane, throughout much of their history have been dependent on the sea for a livelihood (as well as trade for natural resources found lacking) and on a strong tradition of civic duty, arts, the letters and sciences for innovation and culture. For much of the ancient to early modern history of the Fūsan and Kihei archipelagos and the southern Kitagan peninsula, the country was a theocratic bureaucracy with its center at the ceremonial palatial temples of Narasu and Yasui respectively, where a line of religiously significant shamanistic high priestess-queens referred to as ''mikahime'' (male counterparts referred to as ''mikahiko'') delegated power first to warlords and petty kings through unifying conquests by the legendary Shamaness-Queen Kimiko, whose female-line descendants became the imperial line, and beginning with the classical age, the Grand Bureaucracy of the {{wp|Ritsuryō}} system. This clerical-magisterial system managed inter-clan roads, magistrates, currency, trade and foreign shipping and exploration. A stratocracy of military leaders originating as clan-lords emerged to share power with the civil bureaucracy and clergy of the animistic faith but were largely subordinated to the civil magistrates and the religious shamanistic class and were primarily tasked with protection of territory from foreign incursions and banditry or governance of border marches. During this period of peace, regular contact was maintained with the rest of Ochran, trade systems throughout Ochran as well as to Scipia and Norumbia were well-maintained by the merchant class and the Ritsuryo while the Shogun protected the peace on the roads, trade routes and managed internal stability. During this period, the navy was well funded under direct Imperial supervision and exploratory missions reached the islands of the Vespanian and Makria Oceans as well as far-off Scipia. Indeed, {{wp|Zheng He|Tsurushimese expeditions}} reach Norumbia before Belisarian explorers, establishing trade links with the ancient indigenous empires and establishing outposts which would eventually form the nucleus of the later [[Enyama]] colony. Trade missions were far less ambitious in scope and lasting links were with nations and ports in Ochran along the so-called {{wp|Silk Road|Jade Road}} | ||
While a balance was maintained initially between the bureaucratic system/trade interests and the | While a balance was maintained initially between the bureaucratic system/trade interests and the clan lords, the power represented through the shugo governors and military's ability to secure control over food stocks eventually led to the position of shugo exercising more power and privilege, as well as heavy responsibility, within their clans. The period of internal balance deteriorated beginning in the 1260s with a period of unusual environmental instability from greater storm activity, flooding and droughts destroying trade fleets at sea and leading to famine inside Tsurushima itself. | ||
=== Birth of the Shogunate === | === Birth of the Shogunate === | ||
Much of the nation's manpower had shifted from the fields to urban life dedicated to commerce or at sea during the Great Peace period. The loss of access to much of Ochran during the Bayarid conquests greatly damaged the food security of Tsurushima, with the defeat of the armies of the | Much of the nation's manpower had shifted from the fields to urban life dedicated to commerce or at sea during the Dai-Heian (Great Peace) period. The loss of access to much of Ochran during the Bayarid conquests greatly damaged the food security of Tsurushima, with the defeat of the armies of the Commandery of Kitagan by the Bayarid horde and surrender of the mainland provinces sparking a famine throughout Tsurushima by the 15th century. The office of the taishogun was created primarily to combat the Bayarid invasions of Kitagan and the Kahei islands and attempt to abate invasions of the Fūsan islands by the Bayarid successor states. As the shugo of the commanderies exercised greater direct protectorship of agricultural land and maintained the most capable fighting forces to protect the highways plagued by bandits, the Shamaness-Queen was ultimately forced to relinquish power from the clerical magistracy to the Taishogun and the Shugo military generals. By the end of the 15th century, the Shaman-Empress had lost de facto power of appointment for the Shogun and the first period of war between the commanderies erupted after the Taishogun from the Otomo family attempted to secure the succession for his son. The first shogunate war set a precedent for the position of Taishogun remaining in the most dominant clan or clan alliance until a period of internal civil war determines the next government of the islands. The war was resolved by the unexpected victory of an upstart bloc around the Kakita dynasty which established the First Kakita Shogunate, after the Otomo clan had fallen into disgrace from disreputable actions committed during the war. The power of the Shogunate was strengthened after successfully repelling invasions from mainland Ochran as well. Many of the former systems of arts and literacy dominated by the Imperial magistrates became incorporated and absorbed into the Samurai class as well, creating a hybrid role of scholar-warlords in Tsurushima and interest in the sciences focused on military as well as civilian applications, with some of the first gunpowder firearms entering use in Tsurushima during this period. | ||
=== End of the Isawa Shogunate === | === End of the Isawa Shogunate === | ||
By the early 1500s, {{wp|European imperialism|Belisarian}} and [[Mutul|Mutulese]] presence in the southern spice islands as well as the Open Door policy of the Isawa Shogunate had led to so-called Belisarian Legation cities on the outlying islands and various trade and religious missions on the main Kahei islands themselves. As the spread of the syncretic {{wp|Kirishitan}} catholic faith from the southernmost island to the interior is influenced by [[Ecclesiastical State|Fabrian Catholic]] missionaries from the Latin Empire, the Fabrians inevitably convert some of the influential clans in the region and begin to coordinate a favorable takeover of the 'pagan islands'. The Kirishitan Uprising spirals out of their control, however, as a zealous crusade causes considerable damage throughout the countryside, with pillaging and forced conversions, and earns a far-ranging condemnation of all Belisarian faiths in Tsurushima from the Shogun. The Isawa manage to muster an army to subdue the Kirishitan Crusade and repay the barbarism inflicted by the Kirishitans by public beheading of the major instigators (including the Latin missionaries). This serves to isolate Tsurushima proper from world trade and calls into question the Open Door policy and, by proxy, the authority of the Isawa. A new civil war resolves with the Isawa deposed and the installation of the traditionalist {{wp|Tokugawa Shogunate|Kakita Shogunate}}, Tsurushima's last stratocratic dynasty. During this period, Tsurushima is closed outright to Fabrian Catholics | By the early 1500s, {{wp|European imperialism|Belisarian}} and [[Mutul|Mutulese]] presence in the southern spice islands as well as the Open Door policy of the Isawa Shogunate had led to so-called Belisarian Legation cities on the outlying islands and various trade and religious missions on the main Kahei islands themselves. As the spread of the syncretic {{wp|Kirishitan}} catholic faith from the southernmost island to the interior is influenced by [[Ecclesiastical State|Fabrian Catholic]] missionaries from the Latin Empire, the Fabrians inevitably convert some of the influential clans in the region and begin to coordinate a favorable takeover of the 'pagan islands'. The Kirishitan Uprising spirals out of their control, however, as a zealous crusade causes considerable damage throughout the countryside, with pillaging and forced conversions, and earns a far-ranging condemnation of all Belisarian faiths in Tsurushima from the Shogun. The Isawa manage to muster an army to subdue the Kirishitan Crusade and repay the barbarism inflicted by the Kirishitans by public beheading of the major instigators (including the Latin missionaries). This serves to isolate Tsurushima proper from world trade and calls into question the Open Door policy and, by proxy, the authority of the Isawa. A new civil war resolves with the Isawa deposed and the installation of the traditionalist {{wp|Tokugawa Shogunate|Kakita Shogunate}}, Tsurushima's last stratocratic dynasty. During this period, Tsurushima is closed outright to Fabrian Catholics but not foreigners in general. The code of ethics and honor holds its greatest importance as the dynastic families are carefully monitored to ensure no belligerent actions are perpetrated against another clan's lands and to contain the spread of dangerous uprisings. The colonies in the Kahei archipelago enter a period of hegemonic dominance by Mutul and Belisarian empires through their control of outgoing trade via colonial ports. | ||
=== Fall of the Shogunate and the Imperial War === | === Fall of the Shogunate and the Imperial War === | ||
At the advent of the early 18th century, the young | At the advent of the early 18th century, the young Empress Daidoji develops a strong interest in natural philosophy and governance, studying both the classical Tsurushiman texts and Ochran philosophy but also taking an interest in Belisarian Enlightenment studies with secret excursions abroad. Empress Daidoji begins to openly question the idea and power of the Shugo system and publicly suggests to Taishogun Surikawa Yoshihiro that he gradually transfer power back to the Imperial Court. Forced with no honorable recourse, the Shogun reluctantly obliges. The young Empress' experience abroad makes her eager to reassert Tsurushiman maritime power, re-establish control in the Kahei islands and modernize the governmental system of the islands and popularize access to education while her experience abroad helps open the country but maintain a healthy distrust of the great powers. Some of the old responsibilities are returned to the civil service and the Ikko sect of the Shinseiwa clergy is favoured to promote greater societal equality and unity. In 1723, an assassin's blade takes the life of the Empress Daidoji. As the tradition of female claimants had largely dissipated during the militant period, various factions begin to promote their own dynasty's claimants to the Imperial Throne via past marriages with members of the Shamaness-Imperial line. The chaos provides an opportunity for Taishogun Surikawa Yoshihiro to return to the forefront advocating for an Interregnum where the Shogunate asserts full control of the nation whilst claims to the Throne of the Grand Shrine are more thoroughly studied. Soon, the shogunate and the various Shugo dynasties are in a state of war. | ||
The rigid system, feudal control of the | The rigid system, feudal control of the Shugo and inability to innovate in the face of the crisis regarding the imperial family and foreign influence ultimately led to a rising movement seeking a change to the shogunate. While not the first time a rebel reformist faction of samurai or clergy emerged, this reformism ultimately had greater sway over a pact of lesser samurai families left destitute or as ronin by the civil war, seeking to overthrow the current Surikawa Shogunate and the feuding imperial factions and instate a new system of merit based on innovation. As the provinces centralized toward the castles and market cities, the bureaucracy of the Ritsuryō held more sway than ever before, and the rebellious republican clans looked to the culture of clerical service and career scholars as a model for reform as well as their potential for securing arms and profits from trade to the cause. | ||
=== Republican Uprising === | === Republican Uprising === | ||
The Republic was first declared at a Asahina Castle by a pact of reformist generals, | The Republic was first declared at a Asahina Castle by a pact of reformist generals, populist clergy of the Ikko faction, peasant leaders, and academics seeking a definitive stability, protected freedom and equality for all castes, laws based on science and natural philosophy and an end to the nepotism of the dynasties. The promise of an end to rule by nobility was heeded by the merchant classes of the growing cities which provided a more substantial navy to the Republic than the Factional and Shogunate forces and soon contact was established with republican movements abroad which could provide resources and more advanced musketry. The Republicans remained wary of Belisaria's empires, however, and were unwilling to accept their intervention on the Republic's behalf. As the war continued, the more legitimate of imperial claimants died in battle or via assassination and the republicans had secured more support from samurai previously loyal to an imperial claimant. By 1752, the Asahina Republic had defeated the last Shogun, Surikawa Hiroki, in battle outside the gates of the Imperial city. The Republic of Tsurushima was proclaimed with its new capital at the port city of Asahina and an ambitious and reformist constitution, for the time, was drafted. | ||
=== Tsurushiman Enlightenment and First Republic Period === | |||
=== Industrialization and Second Republic === | |||
=== Second Empire and 1893 Revolution === | |||
=== Daitoa Period === | |||
The Republican Navy ultimately became a sizeable force in the Makria Ocean with increased modernization of the country and its maritime power. Reunification was re-established either peacefully or by force with some areas of the spice islands and the separation between military and civilian government, as well as legal barriers between the two, were codified with the bakufu of the old Shogunate transitioning into the chief stratocratic council of the military branch (the National Bakufu). Tsurushima becomes a nation open to new ideas and new peoples as promising opportunities abound for prospectors and traders and the seizure of some mainland Ochran territory brings populations of the Juwari people into a plurinational state. Tsurushiman cultural traditions are preserved alongside {{wp|Polynesia|Makronesian}}, Juwari and immigrant cultural communities. The era of industrial growth and prosperity, however, also leads to an increase in direct foreign control of some of the country's industry and the emergence of corporations and plutocratic dynasties which shrink the role of the civil service and occasionally are at odds with the interests of the common good. An economic downturn hits in the early 20th century and many look increasingly to practical economic and scientific solutions to economic trouble and the country's de facto status of foreign exploitation. A popular movement installs technocrats to the Diet and conflict in Belisaria is used as an opportunity to nationalize some of the nation's vital industries and break apart trusts and plutocratic interests before they became too heavily entrenched in the political system. As with the early republic, the new constitutions installs a directorial republic with national service requirements of citizens, a national education system and a system of anonymous assessments in science, letters and the arts to be permitted to run for official political positions. The economic system is reformed to one of dirigisme which focuses primarily on scientific innovation and balancing improved quality of life with competitiveness on foreign markets. The previously unofficial name of an "enlightened republic" is adopted to signify the new directorial technate republic in Far Eastern Ochran with the Third Republic Period existing from 1893 to the present day. | |||
=== Makrian War === | |||
=== | === Post-War Period === | ||
== Geography == | == Geography == | ||
While the continental margin arc chain along the Ochran-Makrian tectonic divide is traditionally referred to as 'Tsurushima' as a whole, the Tsurushiman chain is actually composed of several archipelagic groups, numbering 7,296 islands in total. The most populous of these island chains is the Fūsan archipelago comprised of the larger islands of Hidaka, Takao, Kagawa, Chūkai, Saikaido, and Kyūhoku with the second most populous archipelago along the chain found southwest on the tropical Makrian archipelago of the Kahei Islands. Other notable chains include the Yayoi islands, the Iwatobi islands and Nantama island south of the equator. The Tsurushiman archipelago is known for its volcanic mountain chains, enriched soils, preserved forests covering 60-70% of the land area and pampas grasslands in drainage basins between orogenic chains. | |||
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==== The National Directorate ==== | ==== The National Directorate ==== | ||
The National Directorate forms the collective head of state of the Daitoa Republic and functions as an executive committee for policy analysis and deliberation with a secondary role of non-partisan technocratic and constitutional oversight of decisions by the parliamentary and military bodies of the Republic. As a committee of ''Directors'' selected via secret ballot from peers in their respective areas of expertise, it wields considerable power over decisions as the executive branch, particularly on economics and infrastructure, but is largely co-equal with the National Diet in most domestic affairs and policymaking avenues, often working in tandem with the legislative bodies of the Republic. The Directory is officially required to provide technical information and their recommendations and advice often carries the greatest authority on governmental decisions, particularly in domestic issues and technical fields. Members of the Directorate are often selected by presenting a slate or agenda of proposals submitted anonymously along with rigorous civil examinations in multiple fields as backing credentials, administered without revealing the identity of the candidate until the conclusion of the examination and election procedure. In this sense, the Directors act in a similar manner to judges in a conventional constitutional system albeit outside simply a jurisprudential domain and are not selected by the elected government. Nevertheless, in practice the Directory does not involve itself as much in the development and legal structure of policy as the National Diet and has been kept in check in the balance of power in the past by the Five-Blossom Principles (''Go-hana'') as enshrined in the constitution. | |||
=== Go-hana Doctrine - The Five Principles of the People === | |||
The Five-Petal Blossom Principles, variously known as Red Blossom Thought, Go-hana Doctrine or sometimes referred to outside of Tsurushima as the Daitoa Ideology, is a basic political philosophy first devised by 19th century Kennai University professor, political writer and polymath Dr. Kitakami Yukichi as theoretical core principles for a new society as free from problems of corruption, inequity, nepotism, inherited power, and poverty as is possible in a modern, industrial context. Dr. Kitakami was raised in a lower samurai family now destitute during the period of high plutocracy during the rapid industrialization of the mid-19th century. Owing to his lineage, he was still afforded greater education opportunities than most in a lower-class environment and studied in both traditional Schools of Thought and Philosophy and the modern sciences, which he would both draw upon later in life, before entering the Republic of Tsurushima Navy (RTN) as a low-rank officer to support his family. The young Kitakami Yukichi was an ensign on the voyage of the Auspicious Squadron of the RTN, a diplomatic expedition to exhibit the newfound naval prowess, industrialization and build international prestige for the Republic during the First Republic Period. As Tsurushima was a nascent republic on the international stage still dominated by major global empires, Kitakami spent considerable time offshore when the fleet was provided a warm welcome in the new revolutionary [[Talahara]] and became enamored with the intellectual currents following the [[Talaharan Revolution]] and its similarities and differences to the period of the Tsurushiman Enlightenment the previous century. Upon return to Tsurushima and the end of his commission, Kitakami Yukichi was discharged from the Navy and pursued an academic career attending Takao University in Kogaya, while working in the industrial mills near his home. Seeing firsthand the poor working conditions in the industrial mills at the time, poor health and deaths due to preventable causes, overcrowded living conditions, lack of basic necessities, and the heavy-handed suppression of any workers' organization by the ''Princes of Industry'' plutocratic class of the Industrialization Period, heavily coloured the revolutionary ideas and sense of correcting injustice later in life. | |||
At Takao, Kitakami studied mathematics, science, languages and philosophy, taking an interest in the emerging field of microbiology and research into prophylaxis against pathogens which frequently ran rampant amid urban squalor. Moving to Kennai University in Kiyohama City, Dr. Kitakami continued pursuit of various interests as a researcher and polymath and began advocating in newspapers for better sanitation measures, living conditions and guaranteeing a system of public health to curb the spread of various epidemics due to cholera, malaria and other pathogens. Branching out from teaching his students in the sciences to publishing works of philosophy as well, his writing drew the ire of government censorship at the behest of some of the emerging conglomerates in Tsurushima but developed a devoted following of students, academics and local union organizers, though he was by far not the foremost agitator or government critic of the late 19th century period. | |||
Following the consolidation of power in the executive with the Second Republic and the creation of ''special constituencies'' in the Diet representing special interests, his first imprisonment followed publishing of a pamphlet Dr. Kitakami collaborated on titled "''to dethrone the corrupt greed of the new Princes, to expel the predatory Western barbarians, to revive the Great East, to establish a just Republic, and to distribute land equally among the people''". | |||
Writing from prison, he eventually secured his release following widespread protest. As the last President of the Republic, Kushi Shigeru, utilized government power in favour of his business interests and partners, both foreign and domestic, and introduced increasingly authoritarian counter-measures following a succession of strikes, uprisings and criticisms against his rule and personality cult, President Kushi's opponents in the intelligentsia grew, with Dr. Kitakami Yukichi identified as one of many instigators which had come under the notice of the government. When President Kushi Shigeru made use of his clan lineage claims to declare a new Second Empire in 1885 styled in the Western Caesarist sense with himself as Emperor, ostensibly in a bid to command respect and prestige from Western empires, Kitakami Yukichi joined a group of Tsurushiman intellectual radicals and organizers to disseminate illegally-published literature calling for solidarity of the various societal groups suffering under the excessive consolidation of wealth of the {{wp|Robber Barons|''Shōbai no ōji'' (Princes of Commerce)}} and an end to foreign territorial and economic concessions in the resource-rich Kahei islands. While operating a secret and despite comprising of differing left-wing and nationalist ideologies, the Great East Societies (''Daitō no shakai'') were nevertheless effective in inspiring agitation culminating in the General Strike of 1886 and the failed Kogaya Social-Democratic Rebellion of 1887 which would serve as precursors for the eventual 1893 Daitōa Revolution. During this time, viewing a situation fraught with both setbacks and growing idealism, Dr. Kitakami Yukichi compiled a brief treatise on uniting principles for what he viewed as a more just society to alleviate poor material conditions and perceived inequitable distribution of resources in the post-industrial society of Tsurushima and assert the nation's independence. His work was published in the Asahina Shimbun along with a scathing criticism of the corruption and narcissism of the self-styled Emperor, and led to his arrest in 1890 but would form the basis of the Five Principles of the People, which he represented with the Five-Petal Blossom. Due to Dr. Kitakami's popularity, growing dissatisfaction through the summer of 1892 led to widespread unrest and a general strike from a coalition of labourers, miners, peasants, Kamiseiwa nuns, and students in 1893, which was at first violently suppressed by Imperial security forces and elements of the military until a sizeable military faction organized behind the Young Officers' Movement defected to the strikers, instigating the 1893 Revolution. Within Kiyohama, Dr. Kitakami Yukichi was freed on May 4, 1893 when defecting Young Officers stormed Kennai Prison to provide a popular figure for the nascent revolutionary forces. Dr. Kitakami Yukichi was present at the declaration of the Daitōa Republic and was vital in facilitating collaboration and consensus between the disparate groups of the revolution towards establishing a constitution for the Third Republic which would provide a degree of harmony between the intelligentsia, syndicates, military officers, clerical class, and the peasantry. Of old age and in poor health after the conditions of his incarceration, Kitakami Yukichi refused to take any official status or political position. | |||
Following his death in 1895 after the revolution, Go-hana was elaborated upon further by his daughter, ''sensei'' Kitakami Misato once the latter became the first and only ''Sosai'' of the Directorate following the Red Blossom Revolution. While it leaves considerable room for varied political ideologies, debate, and differing policy proposals, the parties which can actually achieve Diet representation as well as the Directors at multiple levels up to the Central Committee must accept the fundamental principles and rights in the Constitution of the Great East Republic. The Five Principles of the People are known more commonly as the Five Petals of the Ume Blossom or simply Go-hana Thought and decisions which affect the population are intended to be made with keeping the Principles in mind. Go-hana is symbolically rendered using the ume blossom which was a favourite of the ancient Fusanese scholar and kami of knowledge and wisdom, Lord Tenjin, who is also representative of the idea of Principled Rule. | |||
The Five Principles are as follows: | |||
* '''Civic Nationalism and Populism''': The idea of representing the nation as the sum of the will and good of the peoples who inhabit it. Also described in a broader sense as representing popular self-determination and the unity of the people's common good. | |||
* '''People's Liberty''': Representing a government for the interests of the people and protection of their rights and living. Roughly analogous to concepts of inalienable civil rights and social contract in other countries. | |||
* '''People's Welfare''': Broadly defined as Social Idea, the Tsurushiman word for Socialism as a whole. Kitakami Yukichi and ''sensei'' Kitakami Misato elaborated on the rejection of capitalism as a system designed to subjugate and predate upon people's livelihood for the selfish benefits of the few. Instead, in exchange for observing the authority of the State as a community body, the State is required to provide for the general welfare through the social contract, continually improving the standard of living of its People as technology and economic capabilities improve. | |||
* '''Enlightened Rule/Meritocracy''': Always committed to anti-corruption and anti-nepotism measures. Against the transfer of power via family line or social network if the candidate is not the most competent expert for the field in question. It is therefore the duty of parents to ensure competency and capability in their children rather than to demand or maneuver their placement into positions they are ill-suited for. This Principle has led to the importance of the National Examination System and the selection of experts and directors via a vote by peers purely on qualifications and proposals without personal information available where possible. | |||
* '''Eastern Pan-Nationalism'': Defined as the duty of the Republic to national resistance against imperialism in Eastern Ochran and the Makrian Islands, with the ideal state representing Ochran Pan-Nationalism | |||
==== Constituent states ==== | ==== Constituent states ==== | ||
Five constituent states: Fūsan Republic, Republic of the Kahei Islands, Kitagan Republic, {{wp|Ainu people|Yezo}} Autonomous Republic and the Republic of {{wp|Singapore|Nantama}} | |||
==Foreign affairs and military == | ==Foreign affairs and military == | ||
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== Economy == | == Economy == | ||
=== Kōkyō jiko kanri === | |||
While the level of 'scientific' central planning differs based on constituent state and prefectures, most jurisdictions variously officially prefer or mandate commercial, agricultural and industrial conglomerates to register as "''Kōkyō jiko kanri soshiki''", or "popular self-management organization" type enterprises, wherein workers and technicians themselves make collaborative decisions at the lower levels of management taking inspiration from popular organizational meetings in autonomous communities of the past, traditionally known as ''jisha-shukai'', with profit-sharing of associated labour. In practice, as local industries, shipyards, mills, farms and mines grew out after the 1893 Revolution, they were permitted by the National Directory to continue into large-scale conglomerations commissioned by the government for specific purposes, such as heavy manufacturing, with micro-scale decisions still conducted by employed workers. Incorporation and foreign investment on the global free market have somewhat diluted the original intention of ''Kōkyō jiko kanri soshiki'' though it is still a peculiar characteristic of industry in Tsurushima which both domestic conglomerates and subsidiaries of foreign enterprises must typically adhere to outside of specific special economic zones. Larger macroeconomic decisions are typically made via centralized planning through technical councils at a regional level and can override some lower scale decisions provided worker livelihood is not threatened. | |||
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=== Religion === | === Religion === | ||
The Constitution of the Republic of Tsurushima does not establish a state religion and provides for a clear separation of church and state and secular pluralism. By extension, the civil rights guarantees enshrined in the Tsurushiman Constitution of | The Constitution of the Republic of Tsurushima does not establish a state religion and provides for a clear separation of church and state and secular pluralism. By extension, the civil rights guarantees enshrined in the Tsurushiman Constitution of 1759 were carried over to the new Daitoa Republic in 1893. Kamiseiwa, [[Furozin]] and {{wp|Taoism|Ikkoism}} are dominant among the majority of the population and the government tacitly promotes those religions above others to protect against foreign political influence. While nonreligious Tsurushimans are the largest demographic group, most also consider themselves Kamiseiwa practitioners and cultural events and festivals on the Tsurushiman calendar are stil heavily based on Kamiseiwa ritualism, with shrine visits or ceremonies officiated by ''miko'' still a common aspect of modern Tsurushiman life. The Grand Shrine at Narasu is a protected cultural heritage site in which one or more High Miko (''dai-miko'') descended from the female line of the kami ''Shinjo'' and ''Shūkaku'' still reside and tend to the grounds. Native beliefs among the {{wp|Hawaiian religion|native Makronesians}} and {{wp|Ainu people|Yezo}} are almost extinct but the revival and preservation of religious customs and cultures in those areas with the support of the Daitoa government are under way. The Mutulese trade dominance of the Kahei islands in particular introduced the White Path faith, which continues to thrive as a minor religion predominantly among Makronesians, mixed-race households and Mutulese-Kaheiians though some of their practices are heavily regulated in the modern day. | ||
Kirishitan sects as well as outside Christian churches persist, particularly in the Kahei islands, and are legally protected under the Daitoa Republic, however they are typically monitored by security forces, particularly after high-profile terror attacks by some millenarian cults inspired by Christianity and the historical animosity towards the Christian faiths. Some church organizations, particularly more militant or evangelical sects or ones with a charismatic or messianic central figure, have been prescribed as illegal religious organizations by the State Administration for Protection from Dangerous Cults and Activities and typically face imprisonment and 'deprogramming'. The plight of Christians within Tsurushima is often a major human rights issue attracting international criticism. | |||
=== Education === | === Education === | ||
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[[Category:Republics]] | |||
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[[Category:Directorial states]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:30, 17 June 2023
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Daitoa Republic of Tsurushima Tsurushima daitō kyōwakoku 鶴島大東共和国 | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Seal of the Republic
| |
| Motto: "共栄、友愛、正義" (Tsurushiman) (Justice, Liberty, Mutual Prosperity) | |
| Capital | Asahina New City |
| Largest city | Kogaya |
| Official languages | Tsurushimese |
| Recognised national languages | Yumisawan (Central Kahei) Yaizu/Kitaganese Sai Kitan |
| Recognised regional languages | |
| Demonym(s) | Tsurushimese, Daitoan, East Ochran |
| Government | Directorial technocratic socialist federal republic |
• National Directorate | Various |
• Chancellor of the Popular Assembly | Hotaru Aichi |
| Legislature | East Ochran Popular Assembly |
| Population | |
• 2017 estimate | 126,672,000 |
• 2014 census | 121,500,000 |
| GDP (PPP) | estimate |
• Total | $4.342 trillion |
• Per capita | $34,281 |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | $4.342 trillion |
• Per capita | $34,281 |
| Gini | 29.5 low |
| HDI | 0.903 very high |
| Currency | Tsurushimese kiku (き) |
| Date format | mm.dd.yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
Tsurushima, officially the Daitoa Republic of Tsurushima or alternatively known as the Republic of Tsurushima, (Tsurushiman romaji: Tsurushima daitō kyōwakoku; katakana: ツルシマ ダイト キョワコク) is a country in East Ochran encompassing a chain of two major archipelagos and several smaller islands in the Makrian Ocean off the far eastern coast as well as the Kitagan peninsula in mainland Ochran and an enclave in the Zhou region. The Technocratic Republic is a constitutional, directorial federal republic composed of a total of five states of varying autonomy, with the Republic of Tsurushima as its largest and most dominant constituent entity on the Tsuru island chain and outlying islands. It shares a maritime border with Pulau Keramat to the south and southeast, a disputed border in the Kahei islands with the Arthuristan dominion of Lion's Rock and western land borders with Taizhou and Chagadalai on the Ochran mainland. Tsurushima is home to approximately 126.7 million people and its federal capital of Asahina located on the island of Takao in the Fūsan Republic was a former minor castle town before hosting the republican rebellion of 1752, becoming a planned city after the Tsurushiman Revolution. Its largest city, Kogaya, is the commercial center of the island nation and potentially the second-largest city in Ajax.
Etymology
The common name referring both to the Republic's major archipelago and the wider Great East Republic as a whole originates from an early self-description of the island as the islands of the noble red-crowned crane. Several poetic names exist for the region as a whole including Azuma-no-kuni, the east country or Hitakami-no-kuni. The Daitoa moniker is the Tsurushiman naming for the general East Ochran-Makrian region in the traditional worldview of the region as a home region at the centre of the world, it was adopted by the revolutionaries of the Daitoa Revolution of 1893 to assert the view of a new Tsurushima across the archipelago and Makrian region would comprise an equal pan-nationalist union of the various East Ochranic and Makrian-islander peoples under the Great East Republic, and not just the .
History
Early Saya and Kasori Cultures
The Great Peace
Tsurushima, the islands of the noble crane, throughout much of their history have been dependent on the sea for a livelihood (as well as trade for natural resources found lacking) and on a strong tradition of civic duty, arts, the letters and sciences for innovation and culture. For much of the ancient to early modern history of the Fūsan and Kihei archipelagos and the southern Kitagan peninsula, the country was a theocratic bureaucracy with its center at the ceremonial palatial temples of Narasu and Yasui respectively, where a line of religiously significant shamanistic high priestess-queens referred to as mikahime (male counterparts referred to as mikahiko) delegated power first to warlords and petty kings through unifying conquests by the legendary Shamaness-Queen Kimiko, whose female-line descendants became the imperial line, and beginning with the classical age, the Grand Bureaucracy of the Ritsuryō system. This clerical-magisterial system managed inter-clan roads, magistrates, currency, trade and foreign shipping and exploration. A stratocracy of military leaders originating as clan-lords emerged to share power with the civil bureaucracy and clergy of the animistic faith but were largely subordinated to the civil magistrates and the religious shamanistic class and were primarily tasked with protection of territory from foreign incursions and banditry or governance of border marches. During this period of peace, regular contact was maintained with the rest of Ochran, trade systems throughout Ochran as well as to Scipia and Norumbia were well-maintained by the merchant class and the Ritsuryo while the Shogun protected the peace on the roads, trade routes and managed internal stability. During this period, the navy was well funded under direct Imperial supervision and exploratory missions reached the islands of the Vespanian and Makria Oceans as well as far-off Scipia. Indeed, Tsurushimese expeditions reach Norumbia before Belisarian explorers, establishing trade links with the ancient indigenous empires and establishing outposts which would eventually form the nucleus of the later Enyama colony. Trade missions were far less ambitious in scope and lasting links were with nations and ports in Ochran along the so-called Jade Road
While a balance was maintained initially between the bureaucratic system/trade interests and the clan lords, the power represented through the shugo governors and military's ability to secure control over food stocks eventually led to the position of shugo exercising more power and privilege, as well as heavy responsibility, within their clans. The period of internal balance deteriorated beginning in the 1260s with a period of unusual environmental instability from greater storm activity, flooding and droughts destroying trade fleets at sea and leading to famine inside Tsurushima itself.
Birth of the Shogunate
Much of the nation's manpower had shifted from the fields to urban life dedicated to commerce or at sea during the Dai-Heian (Great Peace) period. The loss of access to much of Ochran during the Bayarid conquests greatly damaged the food security of Tsurushima, with the defeat of the armies of the Commandery of Kitagan by the Bayarid horde and surrender of the mainland provinces sparking a famine throughout Tsurushima by the 15th century. The office of the taishogun was created primarily to combat the Bayarid invasions of Kitagan and the Kahei islands and attempt to abate invasions of the Fūsan islands by the Bayarid successor states. As the shugo of the commanderies exercised greater direct protectorship of agricultural land and maintained the most capable fighting forces to protect the highways plagued by bandits, the Shamaness-Queen was ultimately forced to relinquish power from the clerical magistracy to the Taishogun and the Shugo military generals. By the end of the 15th century, the Shaman-Empress had lost de facto power of appointment for the Shogun and the first period of war between the commanderies erupted after the Taishogun from the Otomo family attempted to secure the succession for his son. The first shogunate war set a precedent for the position of Taishogun remaining in the most dominant clan or clan alliance until a period of internal civil war determines the next government of the islands. The war was resolved by the unexpected victory of an upstart bloc around the Kakita dynasty which established the First Kakita Shogunate, after the Otomo clan had fallen into disgrace from disreputable actions committed during the war. The power of the Shogunate was strengthened after successfully repelling invasions from mainland Ochran as well. Many of the former systems of arts and literacy dominated by the Imperial magistrates became incorporated and absorbed into the Samurai class as well, creating a hybrid role of scholar-warlords in Tsurushima and interest in the sciences focused on military as well as civilian applications, with some of the first gunpowder firearms entering use in Tsurushima during this period.
End of the Isawa Shogunate
By the early 1500s, Belisarian and Mutulese presence in the southern spice islands as well as the Open Door policy of the Isawa Shogunate had led to so-called Belisarian Legation cities on the outlying islands and various trade and religious missions on the main Kahei islands themselves. As the spread of the syncretic Kirishitan catholic faith from the southernmost island to the interior is influenced by Fabrian Catholic missionaries from the Latin Empire, the Fabrians inevitably convert some of the influential clans in the region and begin to coordinate a favorable takeover of the 'pagan islands'. The Kirishitan Uprising spirals out of their control, however, as a zealous crusade causes considerable damage throughout the countryside, with pillaging and forced conversions, and earns a far-ranging condemnation of all Belisarian faiths in Tsurushima from the Shogun. The Isawa manage to muster an army to subdue the Kirishitan Crusade and repay the barbarism inflicted by the Kirishitans by public beheading of the major instigators (including the Latin missionaries). This serves to isolate Tsurushima proper from world trade and calls into question the Open Door policy and, by proxy, the authority of the Isawa. A new civil war resolves with the Isawa deposed and the installation of the traditionalist Kakita Shogunate, Tsurushima's last stratocratic dynasty. During this period, Tsurushima is closed outright to Fabrian Catholics but not foreigners in general. The code of ethics and honor holds its greatest importance as the dynastic families are carefully monitored to ensure no belligerent actions are perpetrated against another clan's lands and to contain the spread of dangerous uprisings. The colonies in the Kahei archipelago enter a period of hegemonic dominance by Mutul and Belisarian empires through their control of outgoing trade via colonial ports.
Fall of the Shogunate and the Imperial War
At the advent of the early 18th century, the young Empress Daidoji develops a strong interest in natural philosophy and governance, studying both the classical Tsurushiman texts and Ochran philosophy but also taking an interest in Belisarian Enlightenment studies with secret excursions abroad. Empress Daidoji begins to openly question the idea and power of the Shugo system and publicly suggests to Taishogun Surikawa Yoshihiro that he gradually transfer power back to the Imperial Court. Forced with no honorable recourse, the Shogun reluctantly obliges. The young Empress' experience abroad makes her eager to reassert Tsurushiman maritime power, re-establish control in the Kahei islands and modernize the governmental system of the islands and popularize access to education while her experience abroad helps open the country but maintain a healthy distrust of the great powers. Some of the old responsibilities are returned to the civil service and the Ikko sect of the Shinseiwa clergy is favoured to promote greater societal equality and unity. In 1723, an assassin's blade takes the life of the Empress Daidoji. As the tradition of female claimants had largely dissipated during the militant period, various factions begin to promote their own dynasty's claimants to the Imperial Throne via past marriages with members of the Shamaness-Imperial line. The chaos provides an opportunity for Taishogun Surikawa Yoshihiro to return to the forefront advocating for an Interregnum where the Shogunate asserts full control of the nation whilst claims to the Throne of the Grand Shrine are more thoroughly studied. Soon, the shogunate and the various Shugo dynasties are in a state of war.
The rigid system, feudal control of the Shugo and inability to innovate in the face of the crisis regarding the imperial family and foreign influence ultimately led to a rising movement seeking a change to the shogunate. While not the first time a rebel reformist faction of samurai or clergy emerged, this reformism ultimately had greater sway over a pact of lesser samurai families left destitute or as ronin by the civil war, seeking to overthrow the current Surikawa Shogunate and the feuding imperial factions and instate a new system of merit based on innovation. As the provinces centralized toward the castles and market cities, the bureaucracy of the Ritsuryō held more sway than ever before, and the rebellious republican clans looked to the culture of clerical service and career scholars as a model for reform as well as their potential for securing arms and profits from trade to the cause.
Republican Uprising
The Republic was first declared at a Asahina Castle by a pact of reformist generals, populist clergy of the Ikko faction, peasant leaders, and academics seeking a definitive stability, protected freedom and equality for all castes, laws based on science and natural philosophy and an end to the nepotism of the dynasties. The promise of an end to rule by nobility was heeded by the merchant classes of the growing cities which provided a more substantial navy to the Republic than the Factional and Shogunate forces and soon contact was established with republican movements abroad which could provide resources and more advanced musketry. The Republicans remained wary of Belisaria's empires, however, and were unwilling to accept their intervention on the Republic's behalf. As the war continued, the more legitimate of imperial claimants died in battle or via assassination and the republicans had secured more support from samurai previously loyal to an imperial claimant. By 1752, the Asahina Republic had defeated the last Shogun, Surikawa Hiroki, in battle outside the gates of the Imperial city. The Republic of Tsurushima was proclaimed with its new capital at the port city of Asahina and an ambitious and reformist constitution, for the time, was drafted.
Tsurushiman Enlightenment and First Republic Period
Industrialization and Second Republic
Second Empire and 1893 Revolution
Daitoa Period
The Republican Navy ultimately became a sizeable force in the Makria Ocean with increased modernization of the country and its maritime power. Reunification was re-established either peacefully or by force with some areas of the spice islands and the separation between military and civilian government, as well as legal barriers between the two, were codified with the bakufu of the old Shogunate transitioning into the chief stratocratic council of the military branch (the National Bakufu). Tsurushima becomes a nation open to new ideas and new peoples as promising opportunities abound for prospectors and traders and the seizure of some mainland Ochran territory brings populations of the Juwari people into a plurinational state. Tsurushiman cultural traditions are preserved alongside Makronesian, Juwari and immigrant cultural communities. The era of industrial growth and prosperity, however, also leads to an increase in direct foreign control of some of the country's industry and the emergence of corporations and plutocratic dynasties which shrink the role of the civil service and occasionally are at odds with the interests of the common good. An economic downturn hits in the early 20th century and many look increasingly to practical economic and scientific solutions to economic trouble and the country's de facto status of foreign exploitation. A popular movement installs technocrats to the Diet and conflict in Belisaria is used as an opportunity to nationalize some of the nation's vital industries and break apart trusts and plutocratic interests before they became too heavily entrenched in the political system. As with the early republic, the new constitutions installs a directorial republic with national service requirements of citizens, a national education system and a system of anonymous assessments in science, letters and the arts to be permitted to run for official political positions. The economic system is reformed to one of dirigisme which focuses primarily on scientific innovation and balancing improved quality of life with competitiveness on foreign markets. The previously unofficial name of an "enlightened republic" is adopted to signify the new directorial technate republic in Far Eastern Ochran with the Third Republic Period existing from 1893 to the present day.
Makrian War
Post-War Period
Geography
While the continental margin arc chain along the Ochran-Makrian tectonic divide is traditionally referred to as 'Tsurushima' as a whole, the Tsurushiman chain is actually composed of several archipelagic groups, numbering 7,296 islands in total. The most populous of these island chains is the Fūsan archipelago comprised of the larger islands of Hidaka, Takao, Kagawa, Chūkai, Saikaido, and Kyūhoku with the second most populous archipelago along the chain found southwest on the tropical Makrian archipelago of the Kahei Islands. Other notable chains include the Yayoi islands, the Iwatobi islands and Nantama island south of the equator. The Tsurushiman archipelago is known for its volcanic mountain chains, enriched soils, preserved forests covering 60-70% of the land area and pampas grasslands in drainage basins between orogenic chains.
Government and politics
Branches of government
The National Directorate
The National Directorate forms the collective head of state of the Daitoa Republic and functions as an executive committee for policy analysis and deliberation with a secondary role of non-partisan technocratic and constitutional oversight of decisions by the parliamentary and military bodies of the Republic. As a committee of Directors selected via secret ballot from peers in their respective areas of expertise, it wields considerable power over decisions as the executive branch, particularly on economics and infrastructure, but is largely co-equal with the National Diet in most domestic affairs and policymaking avenues, often working in tandem with the legislative bodies of the Republic. The Directory is officially required to provide technical information and their recommendations and advice often carries the greatest authority on governmental decisions, particularly in domestic issues and technical fields. Members of the Directorate are often selected by presenting a slate or agenda of proposals submitted anonymously along with rigorous civil examinations in multiple fields as backing credentials, administered without revealing the identity of the candidate until the conclusion of the examination and election procedure. In this sense, the Directors act in a similar manner to judges in a conventional constitutional system albeit outside simply a jurisprudential domain and are not selected by the elected government. Nevertheless, in practice the Directory does not involve itself as much in the development and legal structure of policy as the National Diet and has been kept in check in the balance of power in the past by the Five-Blossom Principles (Go-hana) as enshrined in the constitution.
Go-hana Doctrine - The Five Principles of the People
The Five-Petal Blossom Principles, variously known as Red Blossom Thought, Go-hana Doctrine or sometimes referred to outside of Tsurushima as the Daitoa Ideology, is a basic political philosophy first devised by 19th century Kennai University professor, political writer and polymath Dr. Kitakami Yukichi as theoretical core principles for a new society as free from problems of corruption, inequity, nepotism, inherited power, and poverty as is possible in a modern, industrial context. Dr. Kitakami was raised in a lower samurai family now destitute during the period of high plutocracy during the rapid industrialization of the mid-19th century. Owing to his lineage, he was still afforded greater education opportunities than most in a lower-class environment and studied in both traditional Schools of Thought and Philosophy and the modern sciences, which he would both draw upon later in life, before entering the Republic of Tsurushima Navy (RTN) as a low-rank officer to support his family. The young Kitakami Yukichi was an ensign on the voyage of the Auspicious Squadron of the RTN, a diplomatic expedition to exhibit the newfound naval prowess, industrialization and build international prestige for the Republic during the First Republic Period. As Tsurushima was a nascent republic on the international stage still dominated by major global empires, Kitakami spent considerable time offshore when the fleet was provided a warm welcome in the new revolutionary Talahara and became enamored with the intellectual currents following the Talaharan Revolution and its similarities and differences to the period of the Tsurushiman Enlightenment the previous century. Upon return to Tsurushima and the end of his commission, Kitakami Yukichi was discharged from the Navy and pursued an academic career attending Takao University in Kogaya, while working in the industrial mills near his home. Seeing firsthand the poor working conditions in the industrial mills at the time, poor health and deaths due to preventable causes, overcrowded living conditions, lack of basic necessities, and the heavy-handed suppression of any workers' organization by the Princes of Industry plutocratic class of the Industrialization Period, heavily coloured the revolutionary ideas and sense of correcting injustice later in life.
At Takao, Kitakami studied mathematics, science, languages and philosophy, taking an interest in the emerging field of microbiology and research into prophylaxis against pathogens which frequently ran rampant amid urban squalor. Moving to Kennai University in Kiyohama City, Dr. Kitakami continued pursuit of various interests as a researcher and polymath and began advocating in newspapers for better sanitation measures, living conditions and guaranteeing a system of public health to curb the spread of various epidemics due to cholera, malaria and other pathogens. Branching out from teaching his students in the sciences to publishing works of philosophy as well, his writing drew the ire of government censorship at the behest of some of the emerging conglomerates in Tsurushima but developed a devoted following of students, academics and local union organizers, though he was by far not the foremost agitator or government critic of the late 19th century period. Following the consolidation of power in the executive with the Second Republic and the creation of special constituencies in the Diet representing special interests, his first imprisonment followed publishing of a pamphlet Dr. Kitakami collaborated on titled "to dethrone the corrupt greed of the new Princes, to expel the predatory Western barbarians, to revive the Great East, to establish a just Republic, and to distribute land equally among the people".
Writing from prison, he eventually secured his release following widespread protest. As the last President of the Republic, Kushi Shigeru, utilized government power in favour of his business interests and partners, both foreign and domestic, and introduced increasingly authoritarian counter-measures following a succession of strikes, uprisings and criticisms against his rule and personality cult, President Kushi's opponents in the intelligentsia grew, with Dr. Kitakami Yukichi identified as one of many instigators which had come under the notice of the government. When President Kushi Shigeru made use of his clan lineage claims to declare a new Second Empire in 1885 styled in the Western Caesarist sense with himself as Emperor, ostensibly in a bid to command respect and prestige from Western empires, Kitakami Yukichi joined a group of Tsurushiman intellectual radicals and organizers to disseminate illegally-published literature calling for solidarity of the various societal groups suffering under the excessive consolidation of wealth of the Shōbai no ōji (Princes of Commerce) and an end to foreign territorial and economic concessions in the resource-rich Kahei islands. While operating a secret and despite comprising of differing left-wing and nationalist ideologies, the Great East Societies (Daitō no shakai) were nevertheless effective in inspiring agitation culminating in the General Strike of 1886 and the failed Kogaya Social-Democratic Rebellion of 1887 which would serve as precursors for the eventual 1893 Daitōa Revolution. During this time, viewing a situation fraught with both setbacks and growing idealism, Dr. Kitakami Yukichi compiled a brief treatise on uniting principles for what he viewed as a more just society to alleviate poor material conditions and perceived inequitable distribution of resources in the post-industrial society of Tsurushima and assert the nation's independence. His work was published in the Asahina Shimbun along with a scathing criticism of the corruption and narcissism of the self-styled Emperor, and led to his arrest in 1890 but would form the basis of the Five Principles of the People, which he represented with the Five-Petal Blossom. Due to Dr. Kitakami's popularity, growing dissatisfaction through the summer of 1892 led to widespread unrest and a general strike from a coalition of labourers, miners, peasants, Kamiseiwa nuns, and students in 1893, which was at first violently suppressed by Imperial security forces and elements of the military until a sizeable military faction organized behind the Young Officers' Movement defected to the strikers, instigating the 1893 Revolution. Within Kiyohama, Dr. Kitakami Yukichi was freed on May 4, 1893 when defecting Young Officers stormed Kennai Prison to provide a popular figure for the nascent revolutionary forces. Dr. Kitakami Yukichi was present at the declaration of the Daitōa Republic and was vital in facilitating collaboration and consensus between the disparate groups of the revolution towards establishing a constitution for the Third Republic which would provide a degree of harmony between the intelligentsia, syndicates, military officers, clerical class, and the peasantry. Of old age and in poor health after the conditions of his incarceration, Kitakami Yukichi refused to take any official status or political position.
Following his death in 1895 after the revolution, Go-hana was elaborated upon further by his daughter, sensei Kitakami Misato once the latter became the first and only Sosai of the Directorate following the Red Blossom Revolution. While it leaves considerable room for varied political ideologies, debate, and differing policy proposals, the parties which can actually achieve Diet representation as well as the Directors at multiple levels up to the Central Committee must accept the fundamental principles and rights in the Constitution of the Great East Republic. The Five Principles of the People are known more commonly as the Five Petals of the Ume Blossom or simply Go-hana Thought and decisions which affect the population are intended to be made with keeping the Principles in mind. Go-hana is symbolically rendered using the ume blossom which was a favourite of the ancient Fusanese scholar and kami of knowledge and wisdom, Lord Tenjin, who is also representative of the idea of Principled Rule.
The Five Principles are as follows:
- Civic Nationalism and Populism: The idea of representing the nation as the sum of the will and good of the peoples who inhabit it. Also described in a broader sense as representing popular self-determination and the unity of the people's common good.
- People's Liberty: Representing a government for the interests of the people and protection of their rights and living. Roughly analogous to concepts of inalienable civil rights and social contract in other countries.
- People's Welfare: Broadly defined as Social Idea, the Tsurushiman word for Socialism as a whole. Kitakami Yukichi and sensei Kitakami Misato elaborated on the rejection of capitalism as a system designed to subjugate and predate upon people's livelihood for the selfish benefits of the few. Instead, in exchange for observing the authority of the State as a community body, the State is required to provide for the general welfare through the social contract, continually improving the standard of living of its People as technology and economic capabilities improve.
- Enlightened Rule/Meritocracy: Always committed to anti-corruption and anti-nepotism measures. Against the transfer of power via family line or social network if the candidate is not the most competent expert for the field in question. It is therefore the duty of parents to ensure competency and capability in their children rather than to demand or maneuver their placement into positions they are ill-suited for. This Principle has led to the importance of the National Examination System and the selection of experts and directors via a vote by peers purely on qualifications and proposals without personal information available where possible.
- 'Eastern Pan-Nationalism: Defined as the duty of the Republic to national resistance against imperialism in Eastern Ochran and the Makrian Islands, with the ideal state representing Ochran Pan-Nationalism
Constituent states
Five constituent states: Fūsan Republic, Republic of the Kahei Islands, Kitagan Republic, Yezo Autonomous Republic and the Republic of Nantama
Foreign affairs and military
Military
Economy
Kōkyō jiko kanri
While the level of 'scientific' central planning differs based on constituent state and prefectures, most jurisdictions variously officially prefer or mandate commercial, agricultural and industrial conglomerates to register as "Kōkyō jiko kanri soshiki", or "popular self-management organization" type enterprises, wherein workers and technicians themselves make collaborative decisions at the lower levels of management taking inspiration from popular organizational meetings in autonomous communities of the past, traditionally known as jisha-shukai, with profit-sharing of associated labour. In practice, as local industries, shipyards, mills, farms and mines grew out after the 1893 Revolution, they were permitted by the National Directory to continue into large-scale conglomerations commissioned by the government for specific purposes, such as heavy manufacturing, with micro-scale decisions still conducted by employed workers. Incorporation and foreign investment on the global free market have somewhat diluted the original intention of Kōkyō jiko kanri soshiki though it is still a peculiar characteristic of industry in Tsurushima which both domestic conglomerates and subsidiaries of foreign enterprises must typically adhere to outside of specific special economic zones. Larger macroeconomic decisions are typically made via centralized planning through technical councils at a regional level and can override some lower scale decisions provided worker livelihood is not threatened.
Demographics
Ethnic groups
Languages
Religion
The Constitution of the Republic of Tsurushima does not establish a state religion and provides for a clear separation of church and state and secular pluralism. By extension, the civil rights guarantees enshrined in the Tsurushiman Constitution of 1759 were carried over to the new Daitoa Republic in 1893. Kamiseiwa, Furozin and Ikkoism are dominant among the majority of the population and the government tacitly promotes those religions above others to protect against foreign political influence. While nonreligious Tsurushimans are the largest demographic group, most also consider themselves Kamiseiwa practitioners and cultural events and festivals on the Tsurushiman calendar are stil heavily based on Kamiseiwa ritualism, with shrine visits or ceremonies officiated by miko still a common aspect of modern Tsurushiman life. The Grand Shrine at Narasu is a protected cultural heritage site in which one or more High Miko (dai-miko) descended from the female line of the kami Shinjo and Shūkaku still reside and tend to the grounds. Native beliefs among the native Makronesians and Yezo are almost extinct but the revival and preservation of religious customs and cultures in those areas with the support of the Daitoa government are under way. The Mutulese trade dominance of the Kahei islands in particular introduced the White Path faith, which continues to thrive as a minor religion predominantly among Makronesians, mixed-race households and Mutulese-Kaheiians though some of their practices are heavily regulated in the modern day.
Kirishitan sects as well as outside Christian churches persist, particularly in the Kahei islands, and are legally protected under the Daitoa Republic, however they are typically monitored by security forces, particularly after high-profile terror attacks by some millenarian cults inspired by Christianity and the historical animosity towards the Christian faiths. Some church organizations, particularly more militant or evangelical sects or ones with a charismatic or messianic central figure, have been prescribed as illegal religious organizations by the State Administration for Protection from Dangerous Cults and Activities and typically face imprisonment and 'deprogramming'. The plight of Christians within Tsurushima is often a major human rights issue attracting international criticism.
