Viafèra de Montecara: Difference between revisions
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== History == | == History == | ||
[[File:VM-logo.png| | [[File:VM-logo.png|150px|thumb|right|Previous logo, in use from 1981-2015]] | ||
Rail transport in Montecara dates back to 1854, when the city-state’s first railroad was constructed from [[Porta Nuova]] to [[Gabalòn]], a distance of 12 km. The line carried cargo and passengers on trains powered by primitive steam-driven locomotives. A robust network of rails was developed over the following decades, with services mostly taking the form of {{wp|interurban|interurbans}} that ran on dedicated right of way in the countryside and down city streets in built-up areas. A conversion process begun in 1935 was designed to integrate these disparate lines into a single network of interoperable, electrified passenger rail with occasional cargo service. Major construction was completed by 1939, and the system began full-capacity passenger operations in July of that year. The system has since been expanded in several phases, most recently with a 2.5-km extension to [[San Teodòr]] in 2012. | Rail transport in Montecara dates back to 1854, when the city-state’s first railroad was constructed from [[Porta Nuova]] to [[Gabalòn]], a distance of 12 km. The line carried cargo and passengers on trains powered by primitive steam-driven locomotives. A robust network of rails was developed over the following decades, with services mostly taking the form of {{wp|interurban|interurbans}} that ran on dedicated right of way in the countryside and down city streets in built-up areas. A conversion process begun in 1935 was designed to integrate these disparate lines into a single network of interoperable, electrified passenger rail with occasional cargo service. Major construction was completed by 1939, and the system began full-capacity passenger operations in July of that year. The system has since been expanded in several phases, most recently with a 2.5-km extension to [[San Teodòr]] in 2012. | ||
Revision as of 17:53, 10 September 2021
 | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Owner | State of Montecara (80.5%) Publicly traded (19.5%) |
| Area served | Montecara |
| Transit type | City rail, bus, ferry |
| Website | vm.mc |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 1500 mm standard gauge |
| Electrification | 25 kV / 50 Hz AC Overhead lines |
VM, originally Viafèra de Montecara (Montecaran, Railway of Montecara) and colloquially known as Vimo, is a mobility solutions company based in Montecara. It was created by law on 1 December 1941 as a state-owned enterprise to operate Montecara's newly renovated and amalgamated urban rail network. Its purview grew over the years to include management of ports and airports (including Montecara–Enrico Dulio International Airport and the Port of Montecara) and a significant portfolio of real estate, functioning as both a transit operator and a port authority. It currently provides transit services in Montecara and under contract in cities around the world in addition to managing global port and airport infrastructure. The Montecaran state retains a controlling interest in the company.
History
Rail transport in Montecara dates back to 1854, when the city-state’s first railroad was constructed from Porta Nuova to Gabalòn, a distance of 12 km. The line carried cargo and passengers on trains powered by primitive steam-driven locomotives. A robust network of rails was developed over the following decades, with services mostly taking the form of interurbans that ran on dedicated right of way in the countryside and down city streets in built-up areas. A conversion process begun in 1935 was designed to integrate these disparate lines into a single network of interoperable, electrified passenger rail with occasional cargo service. Major construction was completed by 1939, and the system began full-capacity passenger operations in July of that year. The system has since been expanded in several phases, most recently with a 2.5-km extension to San Teodòr in 2012.
Governance
VM is a majority state-owned enterprise under the effective control of the Montecaran state. The government appoints the entire board of directors and owns over 80% of the company's stock; the remaining approximately 20% of stock consists of preferred shares that are publicly traded on the Borse Mercànte de Montecara and which are senior to the government-owned common stock in terms of payment but which do not carry any votes or other right to governance.
Transit operations
Rail
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Montecara's urban rail transit system, Metrovìa, is a city rail network that runs underground in the city center and branches out to run on dedicated surface and elevated right-of-way in outlying areas. Trainsets consist of between two and four carriages depending on the level of demand. Stations are generally spaced between 500 and 1500 meters apart, equivalent to a 5 to 15-minute walk taking a direct route.
Bus
VM operates two types of bus service: Autobùs, a typical transit bus service, and Corièra, which provides longer-distance limited-stop services between the urban center of Montecara and outlying communes, particularly those not well-served by rail.
Autobùs vehicles have all been low-floor since 2009. Certain crowded areas have dedicated lanes and signal priority that allow buses to maintain a relatively high speed compared to other traffic. VM is in the process of converting its entire Autobùs fleet to electric buses, with the goal of having a 100% electric fleet by 2022.
Corièra coaches are equipped with larger, more comfortable seats as well as a toilet and, in newer models, power outlets at every seat.
Ferry
VM's ferry service is branded as Vaporèt. The Montecaran state took over a number of unprofitable ferry lines in 1890, turning them into a single public marine transit company that would later become part of VM. The service currently operates routes across the Bay of Montecara, connecting areas that do not have direct links via bridges or tunnels.
Fares
| Ticket | Regular fare |
|---|---|
| 90 minutes | Ł10 |
| 24 hours | Ł30 |
| 3 days | Ł60 |
| 7 days | Ł120 |
| 30 days | Ł400 |
| 1 year | Ł2400 |
VM uses an integrated fare model where tickets are valid for the entire system, regardless of mode, for a certain duration. All services use a proof of payment model without faregates; there are random ticket inspections aboard transit vehicles. Tickets are sold at vending machines at all rail stations and many bus stops, at ticket desks at major stations, at tobacconists' shops, via SMS and the VM mobile app, and by mail, but are not sold on board transit vehicles. Paper tickets must be validated prior to use. Most residents of Montecara take advantage of the ability to use the Ùnivers card, the national identification card, as a transit pass that can be loaded with fares online or at ticket machines. All fare media use QR codes to validate fares.
If caught riding without a valid ticket, a penalty fare of Ł300 applies. Penalties are administered and collected by VM and do not fall under the remit of criminal law.
Reduced-fare tickets are half the regular price. They are available to passengers aged 62 or over, students, the disabled, and those receiving state aid. Reduced-fare tickets are sold at all ticket vending locations. It is up to the passenger to prove eligibility by carrying valid identification. Traveling with an invalid ticket type, such as a reduced-fare ticket when ineligible for one, is treated the same as traveling without a ticket.
Port and airport operations
In its capacity as the operator for Montecara–Enrico Dulio International Airport and the Port of Montecara, VM is responsible for handling nearly all cargo movement in and out of Montecara as well as the vast majority of passenger movements.
Real estate operations
VM owns a substantial portfolio of real estate which it selectively leases. Because its governing charter requires it to fully fund its domestic transit operations, including expenses on maintenance and capital, before paying out dividends, VM effectively uses rental income to subsidize rail and bus service. Major sources of rental income derive from air rights over its facilities, telecommunications purposes such as cellular telephone masts, and retail within and adjacent to transit stations.