Lusoña
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Third Lusoñan Republic | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of Arms
| |
 Political Map of Lusoña | |
| Capital | Tundo (de jure) Metropolitan Tundo (de facto) |
| Official languages | Ahlranese |
| Recognised national languages | Hatang Kayi Samtoy Ibalo Buhinon |
| Ethnic groups | Ahlran (56%) Lukungulod (17%) Asinyan (15%) Ibalon (8%) Iyeta (4%) |
| Religion | Ahlran Anitism |
| Demonym(s) | Lusoñan
|
| Government | Unitary Presidential Republic |
• Lakan | Mayumi Linátoc |
• Pangalawang Lakan | Dakila Macasáet |
• Pangulo ng Senado | Vedasto Manahan |
• Punong Mahistrado | Aurora Punongbayan |
| Legislature | Senate |
| History | |
• End of Lusoñan Civil War | 1940 |
• Establishment of the First Republic | 1944 |
• Establishment of the Second Republic | 1978 |
• Establishment of the Third Republic | 2013 |
| Area | |
• Total | 699,744 km2 (270,173 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 32,322,093 |
• Density | 46/km2 (119.1/sq mi) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $643.2 billion |
• Per capita | $19,900 |
| Gini | 42.3 medium |
| HDI | 0.699 medium |
| Currency | Lusoñan Pilak (₱) (LUP) |
| Date format | DD/MM/YYYY |
| Driving side | right |
| ISO 3166 code | LUS |
| Internet TLD | .lu |
Lusoña, officially the Third Lusoñan Republic (Ahlranese: 
, latinized: Ikatlong Republika ng Lusoña) is a country located in the continent of Ochran in the region of Ajax. Situated in the Ozeros Sea, the country shares maritime and land borders by Ankat to the east, the island nation of Bemiritra and the Scipian nation of Fahran to the west, and unincorporated regions to the north. Lusoña covers an area of xkm2 and as of 2023, it had a population of around 34 million people. The capital and the largest city in Lusoña is the city of Tundo, which is within the urban area of the National Capital Region.
The Lusoñan Republic is an emerging market and a newly industrialized country whos economy is transitioning from being agriculture centred to services and manufacturing centred. The country has a variety of natural resources and is home to a globally significant level of biodiversity.
History
Pre-history
Early states
Coastal regions under the Tahamaja Empire
Kingdom of Lusoña
End of the Kingdom of Lusoña and Civil War (1932-1944)
Main Article: Lusoñan Civil War
A faction of the Lusoñan aristocracy under Datu Joriz Bolante and its loyalist Maharlika forces turned against Dayang Benilda Panganiban's faction. This dragged on into a brutal civil war that lasted five years.
The war was about the abolition of the class system which the Bolante faction opposed. Panganiban's faction favoured a more egalitarian society and the freedom of the serfs (aliping namamahay) and slaves (aliping saguiguilid). Benilda Panganiban would prevail over the civil conflict, forcing Bolante into a treaty that concluded the conflict. The Alipin class would be freed and allowed to participate in society as free people, beginning the transition into the First Lusoñan Republic.
First Lusoñan Republic (1944-1977)
The First Lusoñan Republic was a period of rapid industrialization and social progress. Universal suffrage was granted to all Lusoñan citizens in 1944, which saw its first general elections the same year. Dáyao Orense was the first elected Lakan of the First Lusoñan Republic, from the Maharlika class of the deposed class system. He was one of the four Lakan that led the republic, all enacting sweeping economic reforms, the promotion of social justice and the creation of the social security system. Further reconciliation efforts were made by the Lusoñan government and the mountain clans.
Second Republic under the Bolante regime (1978-2012)
The First Lusoñan Republic would come to an end when Lakan Viray Ragasa was killed in a plane crash in 1977. Dakila Bolante would be swept into power against the Lakan Rayos Ubalde and his government in the 1978 snap elections. The Second Lusoñan Republic would be start under Dakila Bolante. His term was marked with increased industrialization and the construction of nationwide infrastructure as well as the expansion of the national healthcare service. It would however be marred with abject cruelty and the massacre of several mountain clansmen, sparking an insurgency in the northern provinces.
Dakila Bolante won an unprecedented second term in many observers consider to be the dirtiest election campaign in modern Lusoñan history. Bolante would disregard any pretense of democratic process when he declared a State of Martial Law in 1984. The Martial Law was declared following the sovereign debt crisis and social unrest that crippled the country. Atrocities were committed by the Armed Forces as the Bolante government dispensed with constitutional protections, basic rights, the due process and evidence.
Bolante unilaterally rewritten the constitution in 1989, de facto returning the Lusoñan Republic into an absolute monarchy when he designated his son Isagani Bolante as his successor. Isagani Bolante was elevated to Lakan in 2002 when his father Dakila died. The younger Bolante attempted economic reforms to stabilize the economy following decades of high public spending. However, the country continued to suffer from massive and uncontrolled corruption.
Revolution and the Third Republic (2013-present)
Seeking an end to the Bolante regime, in mid-2012, opposition factions in the Senate secretly met with Defence Secretary Pamagát Concordio Taguiwalo and a corps of officers of the AFLR to set into motion a coup attempt against Isagani Bolante. Concerned with being overcome by Bolante's loyalist forces, Taguiwalo and the opposition factions barricaded themselves on the Department of Defence Building, protected by reservists of the 9th Infantry Division. Taking control of the Armed Forces Radio, the opposition appealed to the public for the support for the coup, in the hopes of preventing Bolante from destroying them. Large-scale protests in support of the coup took place all over the capital city, with the largest group gathering around the Department of Defence Building. The large civil resistance in the capital soon spread across the southern cities with insurgencies intensifying in the north.
The relatively peaceful protests against Bolante was soon marred by the shooting of several protesters by CAPCOM snipers as they tried to approach the Malakañang Palace. The shooting of the protesters was the straw that broke the camel's back as by the end of the day, majority of the Army with the support of all Navy and Air Force personnel quickly defecting to the coup leadership. Within a week, the Bolante dictatorship collapsed, forcing Isagani Bolante and his family and loyalists into exile.
Following Bolante's exile from Lusoña, the opposition factions proclaimed the Third Lusoñan Republic and installed a Provisional Government, with Taguiwalo being given the provisional title of Lakan. The Provisional Government quickly reversed decades of policies of the Bolante regime, as well as setting up a new constitutional convention. Pro-Bolante supporters led protests across the capital and the region of Aranas, the largest supporters of the former regime. Military officers and units remaining loyal to the Bolante regime launched several coups against the Provisional Government. All of them quashed decisively by the loyalist forces of the AFLR.
Geography
Government and politics
Main Article: Senate of the Lusoñan Republic
Office and Residence of the Lakan of the Lusoñan Republic
Meeting Place of the Senate of the Republic.
Lusoña has a democratic government in the form of a constitutional republic with a presidential system. The Lakan functions as both head of state and head of government and is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The Lakan is elected by an electoral college comprised of members of the Senate, and 10 regional representatives from each of the nine regions. They are elected on a six-year term and is renewable once. The Lakan also appoints and presides over the cabinet. The Senate (Ahlranese: 
latinized, Senado ng Republika ng Lusoña) is the country's unicameral legislature, with members elected to a three year term.
The Senate is comprised of 648 senators, with its members distributed proportionally based on the region's population. The current government majority coalition is led by the Coalition of Federalists. The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court (Ahlranese: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), composed of a chief justice as its presiding officer and fourteen associate justices, all of whom are appointed by the president from nominations submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council.
The Government of Lusoña from 2013 to 2019 functioned as an interim provisional revolutionary government. The legislative powers under the provisional government were exercised by the Lakan with the abolishment of the Senate. The provisional government returned the legislative powers to the restored Senate following the 2020 National Elections.
Military
Main Article: Armed Forces of the Lusoñan Republic
The Armed Forces of the Lusoñan Republic (Ahlranese: Sandatahang Lakas ng Republika ng Lusoña) are the professional military service of the Lusonan Republic. It consists of three main service branches;
- The Lusoñan Republic Army (Hukbong Katihan ng Republika ng Lusoña)
- The Lusoñan Republic Air Forces (Hukbong Himpapawid ng Republika ng Lusoña)
- The Lusoñan Republic Navy (Hukbong Dagat ng Republika ng Lusoña)
- Also includes the Lusoñan Republic Marine Corps (Hukbong Kawal Pandagat ng Republika ng Lusoña).
The AFLR is comprised of 143,100 active personnel, with over 770,000 reserves of which 250,000 is considered Ready Reserves. These Ready Reserve units that can be activated and organized in five days. The Lakan of the Lusoñan Republic is the Commander-in-Chief of the AFLR and forms the military policy with the Department of National Defence (Kagawaran ng Tanggulang Pambansa). As of 2023, $19.3 billion or 3% of the GDP is spent on military forces.
The combined forty-five year rule of Lakan Dakila Bolante and his son Lakan Isagani Bolante were considered to have marked a decline for the AFLR. The Bolantes preferred promoting officers based on their loyalty and connections to the Lakan and was involved in human rights violations against the mountain clans of the northern mountainous regions and in corruption. The end of the Bolante dictatorship and the transition to democracy saw the Provisional Government purge the officers considered too problematic.
The purging of disloyal officers has thrown the AFLR in disarray as the loyalist officers to the Provisional Government are reorganizing the Armed Forces. Between the growing insurgency in the north and the current reorganization, the military is stretched thin.
Administrative divisions
| Flag | Region | Capital | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tundo, National Capital Region | Tundo City | 8,413,743 | |
| Aranas | Umaya | 5,171,530 | |
| Baras | Bocaue | 4,525,090 | |
| Magsaysay | Aborlan | 1,939,330 | |
| Manaoag | Binalonan | 2,262,550 | |
| Maragondon | Cardona | 2,908,990 | |
| Tartarabang | Pasiocan | 3,232,210 | |
| Pantabangan | Talugtug | 1,292,880 | |
| Virac | Pandan | 2,585,770 |
Foreign relations
Lusoña is an active member of the Forum of Nations. It's territorial dispute with Pulau Keramat over Baog-na-Bato has often caused much consternation between the two governments in the Ozeros Sea, though relations has been at times cold, yet relatively friendly.
