Puramape: Difference between revisions
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Following independence, Puramape saw a growing tension between newborn political forces ([[Party of National Integration]] and the [[Civic Radical Union]]), which, after a short period of civil conflicts, were solved by several political reforms under the governments of [[Jean-Pascal Chagnon]] (UCR). Under successive UCR governments, the country saw a level of development, with the expansion of labour, healthcare and education across the nation. However, it was also the period of an increase in the use of an export based economic model, which boosted the influence of major Asterian companies in the country; this situation saw an algid moment when, entering a financial crisis in the 1970s, the population lived under a {{wp|red scare}} promoted from the political establishment aimed to oppose to [[Chistovodia]]n influence in the region. In 1974, the three main political parties, PDIN-UCR-USC, joined in the Accord of Camp-Perrin to grant governability and stability, as well as political participation, isolating the recently founded and popular SRAE and PVP. During the 1980s and 1990s, governments were forced to implement several {{wp|neoliberal reforms}} under the {{wp|Washington Consensus|Morwall Consensus}}, of which Puramape rapidly became a strong advocate until the early 2000s. Puramape was hit by the 2005 financial crisis, following that event, the left-wing coalition, FPP reached power for the first time, arising current political dynamics between urban centres and the agribusiness elites. | Following independence, Puramape saw a growing tension between newborn political forces ([[Party of National Integration]] and the [[Civic Radical Union]]), which, after a short period of civil conflicts, were solved by several political reforms under the governments of [[Jean-Pascal Chagnon]] (UCR). Under successive UCR governments, the country saw a level of development, with the expansion of labour, healthcare and education across the nation. However, it was also the period of an increase in the use of an export based economic model, which boosted the influence of major Asterian companies in the country; this situation saw an algid moment when, entering a financial crisis in the 1970s, the population lived under a {{wp|red scare}} promoted from the political establishment aimed to oppose to [[Chistovodia]]n influence in the region. In 1974, the three main political parties, PDIN-UCR-USC, joined in the Accord of Camp-Perrin to grant governability and stability, as well as political participation, isolating the recently founded and popular SRAE and PVP. During the 1980s and 1990s, governments were forced to implement several {{wp|neoliberal reforms}} under the {{wp|Washington Consensus|Morwall Consensus}}, of which Puramape rapidly became a strong advocate until the early 2000s. Puramape was hit by the 2005 financial crisis, following that event, the left-wing coalition, FPP reached power for the first time, arising current political dynamics between urban centres and the agribusiness elites. | ||
Puramape is a {{wp| | Puramape is a {{wp|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary}} {{wp|constitutional}} {{wp|republic}}; it is considered a {{wp|full democracy}} in the region and has performed favourably in metrics such as {{wp|Human Development Index}}, {{wp|democratic governance}} and {{wp|macroeconomic stability}}. Its deals with a high inequality and a growing problem of {{wp|insecurity}}. Puramape is a full member of the [[Community of Nations]], the [[Association for Economic Development and Cooperation]], the [[Asteria Inferior Common Market]], the [[International Council for Democracy]], the [[Association of Gaullophone States|Gaullophonie]], the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]] and the [[Organization of Asterian Nations]]. It is an observer of the [[Arucian Cooperation Organization]] and an ally of the [[North Vehemens Organization]]. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
[[File:Amanhecer nos Pampas do Sul.jpg|230px|thumb|left|Strong winds in the plains of Puramape have historically given name to the territory]] | [[File:Amanhecer nos Pampas do Sul.jpg|230px|thumb|left|Strong winds in the plains of Puramape have historically given name to the territory]] | ||
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===Pre-Asteris period (before 1520)=== | ===Pre-Asteris period (before 1520)=== | ||
{{see also|Assim Asteris}} | {{see also|Assim Asteris}} | ||
[[File:Araucanian man in graveyard.jpg|230px|thumb|A Chanuche man in the plains of Puramape, among traditional sculptures in an indigenous cemetery.]] | |||
{{wp|Indigenous peoples}} had been living in the territory of Puramape for at least a millennium before the first contacts with [[Euclea]]n {{wp|colonisers}}; the [[Satucin]]e [[Arucian Sea]] has been pointed as the most probable origin for the natives of Puramape, which theorists have marked in [[Asteria Superior]]. Stone tools, paintings and {{wp|mummified human remains}} have been recorded in large areas of the plains and valleys of the [[Sierra Bianca]], mostly from the native {{wp|Mapuche|Chanuche}} peoples, but also from the {{wp|Guarani-Tupí|Marai}} in areas closer to the plains. It is believed that cultures of Chanuche origin, were some of the first in the globe to mummify its ancestors between 5000 y 1700 a. C. Records show that during most of the pre-[[Assim Asteris|Asteris]] period, the Chanuches lacked any form of state organisation, and instead, formed several villages dedicated to {{wp|farming}} and {{wp|agriculture}} or {{wp|fishing}}. | |||
Due to the complexity of the Puramapese territory and its almost virtual isolation thanks to the Sierra Bianca and the Satucine rainforest, Chanuches received late influence from other natives; coastal communities received a larger degree of influence and communication with other Arucian cultures, something that over the decades, forced changes in the {{wp|housing architecture}} and {{wp|decorations}}. | |||
===Gaullican colonisation (1520-1770)=== | ===Gaullican colonisation (1520-1770)=== | ||
{{see also|History of Gaullica}} | {{see also|History of Gaullica|Sœur Marie Beatrice de la Croix-Perigueux}} | ||
[[File:Iglesia Inmaculada Concepcion Ujarras.jpg|230px|thumb|Church of the Mission of Saint-François of Mahuidanche; it was one of the first and largest {{wp|indian reductions}} in the Puramapese territory.]] Although the coast of Puramape was first described and mapped by [[Hennehouwe|Hennish]] {{wp|explorer}} [[Willem Carstenszoon]], [[Gaullica]]ns were the first that held a continuous contact and trade with coastal communities; the explorer [[Samuel de Nicolet]] would write several letters from the Puramapese coast, describing colourful ceramic decors, abundant vegetation and fruits, plate and gold jewelry, which granted subsequent peaceful and violent contacts between [[Euclea]]ns and {{wp|natives}}. | |||
[[File:Retrato de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (Fray Miguel Herrera).jpg|200px|thumb|left|[[Sœur Marie Beatrice de la Croix-Perigoeux]] is considered crucial in the philosophical development of life inside the {{wp|indian reductions}}.]] The first colony in the territory was founded by [[Etruria|Vespasian]] merchants in the town of [[Montsinéry-Tonnegrande]], which prompted [[Gaullica]]n settlers to explore the area in order to contain further Vespasian expansion into already [[Satucin]]e territory. For years, the Puramapese coast was a {{wp|zone of contention}} between the two {{wp|viceroyalties}}, until Gaullican victory concluded with the annexation of the coast as part of the [[Captaincy of Nouvelle Sessonis]] around 1520, several years after the establishment of the Gaullicans in the Arucian. With a reorganisation of the Empire's lands in the {{wp|new world}}, Nouvelle Sessonis was upgraded to its own Prefecture. The interior of Puramape saw a belated colonisation, in part due to the lack of intensive {{wp|indigenous}} workforce and certain complexity in the exploration of the geography. It was going to be in 1580, when, after the efforts made by a group of explorers led by [[Jean de Albanel]], the colony expanded to the north and the interior. That same year, the {{wp|fortified square}} of [[Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence]] was founded, fearing [[Etruria|Vespasian]] and [[Blostland]]ic intrusions. The new Prefecture was organised around Providence and counted with a larger influence from the [[Solarian Catholic Church]]. Ecclesial orders were commanded by the [[Gaullica|Gaullican Crown]] to expand {{wp|faith}} and {{wp|civilisation}} to the deep interior of Puramape through a system of {{wp|indian reductions}}, which soon capitalised power in missions that granted {{wp|land labour}}. The reductions saw the emergence of figures like [[Sœur Marie Beatrice de la Croix-Perigueux]], which argued about the importance of cohabiting land with natives, offering protection from enslavement and freedom, to introduce indigenous communities to work and faith. | |||
Indian reductions were organised as economic units, introducing {{wp|stockbreeding}} and intensive agriculture. Communities were led by priests, but the majority of the members were indians, many of them escaping forced labour under the {{wp|encomiendas system}}. Although the initial purposes were to enforce Euclean control in large areas of the Puramapese interior and expand the Solarian faith, many of the reductions soon acquired notions related to the {{wp|indians' rights and freedoms}}, producing clashes with the central Gaullican authorities in Nouvelle Sessonis and Saint Ferdinand, and eventually operating as {{wp|states within a state}}. | |||
===Prefecture of Saint Ferdinand and Dominion (1770-1930)=== | ===Prefecture of Saint Ferdinand and Dominion (1770-1930)=== | ||
{{main|Prefecture of Saint Ferdinand|Dominion of Puramape}} | {{main|Prefecture of Saint Ferdinand|Dominion of Puramape}} | ||
{{see also|Functionalist Gaullica}} | {{see also|Functionalist Gaullica|Great War (Kylaris)}} | ||
[[File:The earth and its inhabitants (1894) (14766461365).jpg|230px|[[Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence|Saint Ferdinand Mairie]], in 1894, home of the colonial executive and legislative assembly.|thumb]] | |||
In 1770, the clashes between the ecclesial orders in charge of the {{wp|indian reductions|doctrines}} and the {{wp|colonial authorities}} finally concluded, when the orders were expulsed and the lands confiscated to the [[Gaullica|crown]], starting an intensive conflict with the Chanuche natives. During the reign of [[Gaullica|Jacque II Telois of Gaullica]], the Puramapese territories belonging to the Empire suffered a reorganisation, with the annexation of northern portions of the [[Satucin|Prefecture of Nouvelle Sessonis]] and the centralisation of power in [[Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence|Saint Ferdinand]]. | |||
[[File:Gral. Manuel Oribe y Viana.png|180px|thumb|left|[[General Clément Azurduy]], first governor from the [[Party of National Integration|Nationalism]] faction, shaped {{wp|liberal conservative}} and {{wp|Pan-Americanism|Pan-Asterianist}} ideals in Puramape.]] | |||
During most of the 18th century, Puramape lagged behind other Gaullican {{wp|viceroyalties}} in [[Asteria Inferior]], remaining largely unappreciated and overlooked by colonisers. The end of doctrines, a lack of {{wp|haciendas}} and a low degree of introduction of the {{wp|encomiendas}}, soon took Puramape to a large period of economic isolation, which developed a sense of idiosyncrasy that arose differences with the Satucine colonial government. Along the centuries, Puramapese politics would cohabit between forces prone to Satucin centralism and those against it; with the former being represented by {{wp|conservative}} {{wp|rural associations}} and the latter by {{wp|liberal}} {{wp|urban societies}}, which often took the state's form. In 1850, [[Gaullica|Philippe XII Telois of Gaullica]] granted large degrees of devolution to Asterian colonies including Puramape that was divided between the [[Realm of Saint-François]] and the [[Realm of Saint Ferdinand]], and transformed into its own [[Dominion of Puramape|Dominion]]. Civil conflicts marked the curse of the 19th century, with several clashes between conservative and liberal factions, which were then grouped into the [[Party of National Integration|Nationalism]] and the [[Radical Civic Union|Radicalism]]. | |||
Towards the first decades of the 19th century, Puramape suffered enormous political transformations aimed to reduce civil conflicts, increase political representation and grant {{wp|civil rights}}. The country lived an initial period of economic prosperity rooted in {{wp|agricultural exports}} and {{wp|strong liberalism}}; entering the 1920's and facing the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], Puramape stood alongside [[Gaullica]], although the ruling classes, heavily influenced by years of Radicalist governments, remained largely apathetic. In opposition to [[Satucin]], Puramapese political parties exposed little sympathy towards [[National Functionalism]], and in general terms, the country remained in a virtually {{wp|neutral position}}. | |||
===Radical spring (early 20th century)=== | ===Radical spring (early 20th century)=== | ||
{{main|Civic Radical Union|Civic Radical Union#Radical spring}} | {{main|Civic Radical Union|Civic Radical Union#Radical spring}} | ||
[[File: | [[File:Rojas_pinilla.jpg|180px|thumb|[[General Jean-Pascal Chagnon]] shaped the early political panorama of Puramape. ]] | ||
Shortly after independence, the [[General Jean-Pascal Chagnon]] was elected premier from the [[Civic Radical Union]]. Amid growing tensions between the two main political forces, Chagnon conducted a number of political reforms to avoid the course of a {{wp|civil conflict}}; during his 15 year long term, Chagnon impulsed {{wp|universal suffrage}}, {{wp|representative}} {{wp|parliamentarism}}, {{wp|social security}} and a number of {{wp|labour reforms}} that included broad {{wp|unemployment compensation}}s. | Shortly after independence, the [[General Jean-Pascal Chagnon]] was elected premier from the [[Civic Radical Union]]. Amid growing tensions between the two main political forces, Chagnon conducted a number of political reforms to avoid the course of a {{wp|civil conflict}}; during his 15 year long term, Chagnon impulsed {{wp|universal suffrage}}, {{wp|representative}} {{wp|parliamentarism}}, {{wp|social security}} and a number of {{wp|labour reforms}} that included broad {{wp|unemployment compensation}}s. | ||
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===CONAPRO years (late 20th century)=== | ===CONAPRO years (late 20th century)=== | ||
{{main|Programmatic National Coalition}} | {{main|Programmatic National Coalition}} | ||
[[File: | [[File:Fernando_Belaúnde_Terry_1980.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Louis Geiger Maitre]], premier between 1967 and 1976 became a political strategist in Puramape. ]] | ||
During the late 1950s, economic downturns and a regional fall in commodities prices affected the Puramapese economy. The model of state promoted until then was starting to be perceived as inefficient by several political actors, with a large mass of public workers and an industry largely subsidised, which was unable to compete against international prices. In 1958, the country plains were heavily affected by floods, destroying crops and resulting in an increase in {{wp|inflation}}; by the end of the decade, Puramape was living record {{wp|unemployment}} figures, while an exodus from rural populations to the cities provoked the expansion of {{wp|informal slums}}. | During the late 1950s, economic downturns and a regional fall in commodities prices affected the Puramapese economy. The model of state promoted until then was starting to be perceived as inefficient by several political actors, with a large mass of public workers and an industry largely subsidised, which was unable to compete against international prices. In 1958, the country plains were heavily affected by floods, destroying crops and resulting in an increase in {{wp|inflation}}; by the end of the decade, Puramape was living record {{wp|unemployment}} figures, while an exodus from rural populations to the cities provoked the expansion of {{wp|informal slums}}. | ||
[[File:Mexico City-Platz der Schreiber-02-Schuhputzer-1980-gje.jpg|200px|thumb|left|View of a square in [[Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence]], 1980. ]] | |||
During most of the decade of the 1960s, [[Jean-Joël Lecerf-Boudon]] led the country as a direct successor of Chagnon. However, the economic difficulties, forced Lecerf-Boudon to redirect the UCR and government policy towards liberal and orthodox lines. Lecerf-Boudon's ideological closeness with the {{wp|conservative}} factions of the UCR were accused of traition by the senators from its {{wp|progressive}} wing, forcing his renounce. [[Louis Geiger Maitre]] assumed the leadership of the party, although consolidating the conservative turn of the party marking the distance from the progressive predecessors. The terms were marked by stability programs aimed to reduce inflation, a growing {{wp|deindustrialisation}} and an environment of political tension, which prompted clashes between {{wp|trade unions}}, students and the police. Fearing losing power, the UCR made several agreements with the [[Party of National Integration|PDIN]] and the [[Social Catholic Union|USC]], while promoted a {{wp|red scare}} over the [[People's Socialist Party]] and the [[East Arucian Revolutionary Section]], the main political arms of the left, which were accused of being [[Chistovodia]]n-allies. In the 1976, for the first time, the PDIN overtook the UCR and was able to form government, although in minority and for a few years before its collapse. | During most of the decade of the 1960s, [[Jean-Joël Lecerf-Boudon]] led the country as a direct successor of Chagnon. However, the economic difficulties, forced Lecerf-Boudon to redirect the UCR and government policy towards liberal and orthodox lines. Lecerf-Boudon's ideological closeness with the {{wp|conservative}} factions of the UCR were accused of traition by the senators from its {{wp|progressive}} wing, forcing his renounce. [[Louis Geiger Maitre]] assumed the leadership of the party, although consolidating the conservative turn of the party marking the distance from the progressive predecessors. The terms were marked by stability programs aimed to reduce inflation, a growing {{wp|deindustrialisation}} and an environment of political tension, which prompted clashes between {{wp|trade unions}}, students and the police. Fearing losing power, the UCR made several agreements with the [[Party of National Integration|PDIN]] and the [[Social Catholic Union|USC]], while promoted a {{wp|red scare}} over the [[People's Socialist Party]] and the [[East Arucian Revolutionary Section]], the main political arms of the left, which were accused of being [[Chistovodia]]n-allies. In the 1976, for the first time, the PDIN overtook the UCR and was able to form government, although in minority and for a few years before its collapse. | ||
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===21st century=== | ===21st century=== | ||
{{see also|Front for People's Participation}} | {{see also|Front for People's Participation}} | ||
[[File: | [[File:Zelaya_en_Brasil_Agosto_2009.jpg|180px|thumb|Gérard Rigal, leader of the [[FPP]], became the first {{wp|left}} premier of Puramape in 2006, starting a major change in Puramapese politics and society. ]] | ||
The 21st century in Puramape meant the end of the {{wp|bipartidist}} political system that had ruled the country since independence. [[Daniel La Rue]] was elected premier in 2000 after a general election that produced, for the first time, a majority for the {{wp|leftist}} coalition [[Front for People's Participation]]. However, La Rue was able to form the last government of the UCR within the [[Programmatic National Coalition]]. The six-year government was marked by several {{wp|neoliberal}} reforms and intense confrontation with {{wp|trade unions}}, exemplified by the referendums for the {{wp|privatisation}} of public companies and the conclusion of an {{wp|FTA}} with [[Senria]]. | The 21st century in Puramape meant the end of the {{wp|bipartidist}} political system that had ruled the country since independence. [[Daniel La Rue]] was elected premier in 2000 after a general election that produced, for the first time, a majority for the {{wp|leftist}} coalition [[Front for People's Participation]]. However, La Rue was able to form the last government of the UCR within the [[Programmatic National Coalition]]. The six-year government was marked by several {{wp|neoliberal}} reforms and intense confrontation with {{wp|trade unions}}, exemplified by the referendums for the {{wp|privatisation}} of public companies and the conclusion of an {{wp|FTA}} with [[Senria]]. | ||
Hit by the consequences of the {{wp|financial crisis|2005 financial crisis}}, CONAPRO was broken and without political support. La Rue was forced to dismiss the government and announce a snap general election. In 2006, after being in {{wp|opposition}} since 1981, the FPP became the largest coalition in the Senate and [[Gérard Rigal]] became the first premier from the left in the country's history. The government enjoyed broad social support, although it also faced animosity from economic chambers and rural societies, which held a months-long strike against the imposition of a tax increase on {{wp|agro-exports}} in 2010. During their term, Puramape was able to reduce {{wp|poverty rates}} to record lows, decrease {{wp|unemployment}} and increase {{wp|foreign investment}}. In 2015, Rigal was succeeded by [[Benjamin Durand]] as leader of the FPP and later premier of Puramape. For the first time, the left coalition was supported by a former Alliance member, the [[Social Catholic Union]]. The Durand government continued the implementation of most of Rigal's social policies with positive effects on wages and general quality of life. However, during the second half of the term, the government suffered a dramatic increase in social violence and delinquency related to {{wp|drug trafficking}} and abuse. | Hit by the consequences of the {{wp|financial crisis|2005 financial crisis}}, CONAPRO was broken and without political support. La Rue was forced to dismiss the government and announce a snap general election. In 2006, after being in {{wp|opposition}} since 1981, the FPP became the largest coalition in the Senate and [[Gérard Rigal]] became the first premier from the left in the country's history. The government enjoyed broad social support, although it also faced animosity from economic chambers and rural societies, which held a months-long strike against the imposition of a tax increase on {{wp|agro-exports}} in 2010. During their term, Puramape was able to reduce {{wp|poverty rates}} to record lows, decrease {{wp|unemployment}} and increase {{wp|foreign investment}}. In 2015, Rigal was succeeded by [[Benjamin Durand]] as leader of the FPP and later premier of Puramape. For the first time, the left coalition was supported by a former Alliance member, the [[Social Catholic Union]]. The Durand government continued the implementation of most of Rigal's social policies with positive effects on wages and general quality of life. However, during the second half of the term, the government suffered a dramatic increase in social violence and delinquency related to {{wp|drug trafficking}} and abuse. | ||
In recent years, Puramape has undergone a process of reconfiguration of | In recent years, Puramape has undergone a process of reconfiguration of its {{wp|two-party system}}. The political system has realigned under two coalitions —the FPP on the left and the PDIN-led coalition on the centre-right— with small groups often representing a {{wp|third option}} in minority. In the 2023 general elections, [[Edouard Lecoubarry]] of the {{wp|liberal conservative}} [[Party of National Integration]] was invested premier, breaking a trend of more than 15 years of leftist administration. | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
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| direction = horizontal | | direction = horizontal | ||
| caption_align = center | | caption_align = center | ||
| image1 = | | image1 = Piedad_Córdoba.jpg | ||
| width1 = | | width1 = 148 | ||
| caption1 = [[Déborah Genet]] | | caption1 = [[Déborah Genet]] | ||
| image2 = | | image2 = Federico_Gutiérrez_(cropped).jpg | ||
| width2 = 169 | | width2 = 169 | ||
| caption2 = [[Edouard Lecoubarry]] | | caption2 = [[Edouard Lecoubarry]] | ||
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The current {{wp|constitution}} of Puramape defines the country as a {{wp|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary}} {{wp|constitutional}} {{wp|republic}}, with power being separated in the three branches of the {{wp|Executive}}, {{wp|Legislative}} and {{wp|Judiciary}}. As a parliamentary republic, the executive is formed by the [[President of Puramape]], who exercises the role of {{wp|Head of State}} as a representative of the country overseas and {{wp|Commander-in-chief}} of the [[Puramapese Armed Forces]], and the [[Premier of Puramape]], who occupies the role of {{wp|Head of Government}} and is the ''de facto'' leading office of the [[Cabinet of Puramape|Cabinet]]. | The current {{wp|constitution}} of Puramape defines the country as a {{wp|unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary}} {{wp|constitutional}} {{wp|republic}}, with power being separated in the three branches of the {{wp|Executive}}, {{wp|Legislative}} and {{wp|Judiciary}}. As a parliamentary republic, the executive is formed by the [[President of Puramape]], who exercises the role of {{wp|Head of State}} as a representative of the country overseas and {{wp|Commander-in-chief}} of the [[Puramapese Armed Forces]], and the [[Premier of Puramape]], who occupies the role of {{wp|Head of Government}} and is the ''de facto'' leading office of the [[Cabinet of Puramape|Cabinet]]. | ||
[[File: | [[File:Congreso Colombia.png|230px|thumb|left|Palace of the Senate in Providence, is home of the legislative power in Puramape. ]] | ||
The President is, constitutionally, elected every by {{wp|universal suffrage}} every six years, and occupies the office in a merely ceremonial role; presidents can be re-elected twice and after a second term are banned from occupying any other office in the State. Presidents are in charge of commanding party's leaders to form government after a general election; Premiers are elected through an indirect election, in which the [[Senate of Puramape]] grants the {{wp|legislative confidence}} to the party leader with the most votes. After coalitions are formed and a leader receives the confidence of the legislature, Presidents are in charge of appointing them as Head of Government, allowing the formation of a {{wp|cabinet}}. Confidence can be retired from the Senate, forcing the President to set a new {{wp|general election}} and the dismissal of the Premier. Legislative power is vested on the [[Senate of Puramape]] and occupies an important role in the daily politics of the country; the legislature is {{wp|unicameral}} and composed by 130 members elected for a term of 5 years with the possibility of being renewable. The Judiciary has been historically influenced by [[Gaullica]]n {{wp|civil law}}. | The President is, constitutionally, elected every by {{wp|universal suffrage}} every six years, and occupies the office in a merely ceremonial role; presidents can be re-elected twice and after a second term are banned from occupying any other office in the State. Presidents are in charge of commanding party's leaders to form government after a general election; Premiers are elected through an indirect election, in which the [[Senate of Puramape]] grants the {{wp|legislative confidence}} to the party leader with the most votes. After coalitions are formed and a leader receives the confidence of the legislature, Presidents are in charge of appointing them as Head of Government, allowing the formation of a {{wp|cabinet}}. Confidence can be retired from the Senate, forcing the President to set a new {{wp|general election}} and the dismissal of the Premier. Legislative power is vested on the [[Senate of Puramape]] and occupies an important role in the daily politics of the country; the legislature is {{wp|unicameral}} and composed by 130 members elected for a term of 5 years with the possibility of being renewable. The Judiciary has been historically influenced by [[Gaullica]]n {{wp|civil law}}. | ||
The {{wp|political system}} of Puramape coutns with a long traditional of representation of {{wp|political parties}} that occupy a broad {{wp|ideological spectrum}}, granting {{wp|governability}} and high levels of {{wp|institutional representation}} and {{wp|democratic discussion}}. The system is historically rooted in a {{wp|two-party system}}, which has suffered a mutation in the 1990s and onwards. | The {{wp|political system}} of Puramape coutns with a long traditional of representation of {{wp|political parties}} that occupy a broad {{wp|ideological spectrum}}, granting {{wp|governability}} and high levels of {{wp|institutional representation}} and {{wp|democratic discussion}}. The system is historically rooted in a {{wp|two-party system}}, which has suffered a mutation in the 1990s and onwards. | ||
===Foreign policy=== | ===Foreign policy=== | ||
=== | {{main|Foreign relations of Puramape|Diplomatic missions of Puramape}} | ||
[[File:Colombian Vice President Marta Lucía Ramírez Artemis Accords Signing (NHQ202205100018).jpg|230px|thumb|[[Jeanette Urruty-Camus]], current Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Puramape, during the 2023 [[Senria|Senrio-Puramapese Entrepreneurial Conference]]. ]] | |||
= | Since its independence, Puramapese foreign relations have been dominated by close ties with [[Euclea]]n powers, specially [[Gaullica]] and [[Estmere]], as well as by regional dynamics with the {{wp|hegemonic}} [[Satucin]]. During the 20th century, the country undergone a process of depoliticisation of its foreign affairs policy, consolidating an international axis under the logics of {{wp|free trade}}, {{wp|international cooperation}} and {{wp|regional and international security}}; under this, the country has become an active player during {{wp|Free Trade Agreements}} across the [[Asterias|Asterian continents]] and the [[Vehemens Ocean]]. | ||
Regionally, Puramape has historically tried to counter [[Satucin]]e hegemony; although the two count with friendly relations and are crucial economic partners to each other, Puramape-Satucin relations have been difficult at times over {{wp|maritime boundaries}}, nowadays, the two cooperate over the jungle to prevent {{wp|drug trafficking and production}}. Although the country has historically promoted {{wp|non-militaristic relations}}, Puramape is considered a strategic security ally of the [[North Vehemens Organization]] in the [[Arucian Sea]], and of the [[Sangang Mutual Security Organization]] in [[Asteria Inferior]]. Over the last years, Puramape has also signed military agreements with [[Estmere]] to strengthen regional security in areas prone to {{wp|drug trafficking}}; due to this, relations with the {{wp|socialist world}}, in particular with [[Chistovodia]], have remained tense. | |||
Puramape is a member-state of the [[Community of Nations]], the [[Asteria Inferior Common Market]], the [[International Council for Democracy]], the [[Association of Gaullophone States|Gaullophonie]], the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]] and the [[Organization of Asterian Nations]]. In 2010, the country became a full member of the [[Association for Economic Development and Cooperation]] owing to its economic success and fiscal responsibility. Puramape is an observer of the [[Arucian Cooperation Organization]]. | |||
===Administrative divisions=== | |||
<center> | |||
<div style="float: left;margin:0 2em 0 0;">{{Puramapese labelled map}}</div> | |||
== | {| style="background:none;" cellspacing="2px" | ||
{| class="wikitable" | | | ||
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | |||
|- style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;" | |||
! style="width:140px;"| [[Regions|Region]]!! style="width:85px;"| Capital !! style="width:85px;"| Largest city !! nowrap|Minister-President!! style="width:75px;"| Area <br />(km<sup>2</sup>)!! style="width:70px;" | Population (2018) | |||
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| [[Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence|Metropolitan Region]] || colspan="2" | [[Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence]] || ([[Radical Civic Union|UCR]]) || 00,00 || — | |||
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| [[ | | [[Régnaque]] || colspan="2" | [[Résistance]] || ([[Party of National Integration|PDIN]]) || 00,00 || — | ||
| colspan="2" | [[ | |||
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| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[General Jean-Pascal Chagnon]] || colspan="2" | [[Saint-François]] || ([[Party of National Integration|PDIN]]) || 00,00 || — | ||
| colspan="2" | [[ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Curarrehue]] || colspan="2" | [[Ste-Marguerite]] || ([[Front for People's Participation|FPP]]) || 00,00 || — | ||
| colspan="2" | [[ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Conception]] || colspan="2" | [[Camp-Perrin]] || ([[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]]) || 00,00 || — | ||
| colspan="2" | [[ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Maipo Littoral]] || colspan="2" | [[Saint-François]] ||([[Party of National Integration|PDIN]]) || 00,00 || — | ||
| colspan="2" | [[ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Mahuidanche]] || colspan="2" | [[Martissant]] ||([[Front for People's Participation|FPP]]) || 00,00 || — | ||
| colspan="2" | [[ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Talcahuano]] || colspan="2" | [[Incarnation]] || ([[Front for People's Participation|FPP]]) || 00,00 || — | ||
| colspan="2" | [[ | |||
| | |||
| [[ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |||
{{clear}} | |||
{{clear}} | |||
</center> | |||
===Military=== | |||
{{Multiple image | |||
| perrow=2 | |||
| total_width=400 | |||
| caption_align = center | |||
| image1 = US Navy 060511-N-1045B-025 Armada Republica Colombia (ARC) frigate missile-class ships Caldas (FM 52) and Atioquia (FM 53) conducts a Group Sail Exercise with the George Washington Carrier Strike Group.jpg | |||
| caption1 = ARP {{wp|frigate}} {{wp|missile-class ships}} in joint exercise with the [[Estmere|Estmerish]] {{wp|aircraft carrier}} [[Estmere|ENS Wolfgar Godfredson]]. | |||
| image2 = La Paz fue la principal protagonista del desfile del 20DeJulio. (14515700688).jpg | |||
| caption2 = Officers of the Special Anti-drug Brigade of the [[National Army of Puramape]], deployed in the department of [[Mahuidanche]], during the National Army Parade. | |||
| image3 = 07-05-09-ENTREGA DE SABLE MINDEFENSA 007 (2) (5510727581).jpg | |||
| caption3 = Officers Cadets during the National Army Parade. | |||
| image4 = Fuerza_aérea_de_Colombia_y_Estados_Unidos.jpg | |||
| caption4 = Puramapese {{wp|Eurofighter}}s of the [[National Puramapese Air Force]] during exercises with [[North Vehemens Organization|NVO]] ally-forces. | |||
}} | |||
{{main|Military Forces of Puramape}} | |||
The [[Military Forces of Puramape]] —''Forces militaires de Puramape''— are the unified {{wp|armed forces}} of Puramape. Its control is exercised by the President {{wp|commander-in-chief}}, followed by the Minister of Defence and the {{wp|General Commander}}. The armed forces are comprised of the [[National Army of Puramape]] (ANP), the [[National Navy of Puramape]] (ARP) and the [[National Air Force of Puramape]] (FAP). | |||
Due to its smaller size in population terms, the Military Forces of Puramape is one of the smaller sized armed forces of the Asterias; as of 2023, it counts with nearly 24,500 {{wp|active personnel}} and 9,900 as {{wp|reserve military}}. In 2020, the country spent nearly 2.5% of the country's {{wp|GDP}} in military expenditure. The armed forces' role is defined in the Constitution of Puramape as to safeguard independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Puramape; however, the armed forces have been attributed with the role of keeping civil order during catastrophes and when asked by the {{wp|Executive branch}}; political efforts have been made to create a fourth branch that could act as a {{wp|gendarmerie}}. Under the sphere of the Ministry of Defence is also the [[Administrative Department of Security (Puramape)|Administrative Department of Security]], the Puramapese {{wp|intelligence service}}; the DAS has been under the public eye for allegations of spy on political figures, trade unions and journalists. In recent years, Puramape has played a key role during {{wp|peace international missions}} led by the [[Community of Nations]] in [[Rahelia]] and [[Bahia]]; the country's armed forces are usually considered an ally of [[Euclean Common Defence Treaty Organisation|ECDTO]] and [[North Vehemens Organization|NVO]], and it regularly plays a role in {{wp|joint exercises}} and missions. | |||
Puramape aims to exercise influence in the [[Arucian Sea|Eastern Arucian]] and its inland regions; it is considered a {{wp|middle power|middle}} to {{wp|small power}}, and over the decades, it has projected its military presence in the region through {{wp|alliances}} with Asterian and Euclean powers. The country's military forces are provided mostly by [[Estmere]], [[Werania]], [[Senria]], [[Soravia]] and [[North Vehemens Organization|NVO nations]]. | |||
===Law enforcement=== | |||
{{main|National Police of Puramape}} | |||
[[File:Plan Nacional de Vigilancia Comunitaria por Cuadrantes (6219724561).jpg|230px|thumb|Police officers in the [[Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence|National Stadium of Providence]] during security operatives before a {{wp|football}} match. ]] | |||
Law enforcement in Puramape is reliant on the 12,000-member [[National Police of Puramape]] (PNP), which answers to the Ministry of Interior. It is one of the two {{wp|civilian police force}}s of the country; its duties are given by the Constitution of Puramape; its role is to protect the nation inside its borders, enforce law and maintain the necessary conditions for public freedom. | |||
Besides the PNP, several urban areas of Puramape count with municipal-limited {{wp|watchmen units}} called ''Unités de Gardiens''; these count with fewer legal powers and their jurisdiction in usually limited to small municipalities or cities. Although both services have been criticised by {{wp|excessive use of violence}} and numerous other controversies, law enforcement forces in Puramape have usually counted with a high degree of respect by citizens and are usually accountable for a large {{wp|institutional representation}} in the territory. The role of police forces in society is often a topic of political discussion as {{wp|drug trafficking}} has increased {{wp|civil insecurity}} and {{wp|homicide rates}} in Puramapese urban centres. | |||
An ongoing {{wp|security crisis}} has been mentioned by political actors to justify a growing {{wp|militarisation}} of the civilian police force, which would constitutionally put law enforcement under the sphere of the Ministry of Defence. | |||
===Corruption=== | |||
==Economy and transport== | ==Economy and transport== | ||
[[File:Bogotá de noche.jpg|230px|thumb|[[Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence|Providence]] is the largest urban centre of the country; a transport axis and the economic and financial centre of the nation, it hosts most national and international companies.]] | |||
Puramape is a {{wp|developing}} {{wp|upper middle income}} economy. It is considered one of the {{wp|fastest growing economies}} of [[Asteria Inferior]]; it counts with a {{wp|GDP (PPP)}} of $190.061 Bn and a {{wp|GDP (PPP) nominal per capita|per capita}} of $24,837, which is the third largest in the region, falling behind [[Satavia]] and [[Nuvania]]. The country ranks very high in {{wp|Human Development Index}} (0.801) and deals with medium {{wp|inequality}} as measured by the {{wp|Gini Index}} (41.5), being the second most unequal of the continent, behind [[Aucuria]]. It has a generally low {{wp|unemployment rate}} at 8.2% (2020) and {{wp|inflation}} (3.5%; 2020); {{wp|macroeconomic stability}} has been achieved and highly noted in recent years, although the country deals with a growing {{wp|government debt}} and the incapacity to continue decreasing {{wp|poverty}} and {{wp|inequality}}. | |||
The economy of Puramape is dominated by the {{wp|services sector}}, which accounts for nearly 75.9% of the national GDP and employs most of the workforce. {{wp|Tourism}} leads the tertiary sector, making of Puramape one of the most visited countries of the region receiving approximately 3.2 million visitors per year; the sector also sees important contributions from industries related to the {{wp|information technology}}, {{wp|logistics}}, {{wp|retail}} and {{wp|banking and finances}}. Industry is considerably smaller, although it accounts for 18.6% of the GDP; it is centred in the department of the [[Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence|Metropolitan Region]]; Puramape is an industrial producer od {{wp|electronic appliances}} and {{wp|energy}} through {{wp|renewable methods}}. The country is also a small contributor in the region to the {{wp|automotive sector}}. The {{wp|llanos|Puramapese plains}} are considered one of the Asterian largest {{wp|breadbasket}}s, with {{wp|agriculture}} accounting for 5.5% of the GDP; over the years, the primary sector has been crucial in the development of the country and has virtually influenced every other sector. The northern region of the country is considered one of the world's largest producers of {{wp|fruits}}, {{wp|soy}}, {{wp|chocolate}} and {{wp|coffee}}, while in the south, {{wp|wheat}}, {{wp|potatoes}}, {{wp|flowers}}, {{wp|dairy cattle}} and {{wp|poultry}} dominate the production of the {{wp|primary sector}}. Puramape is home to valuable brands and companies from the Asterias, such as [[Trottier-Aliments]] and [[Milhaud&Bourdon]] in the aliments industry; the leading retailers [[Cazal]] and [[Marché Trintignant]]; [[Gaulloise-Pouramapese Assurance]] and [[Crédit Saint Ferdinand]] in the banking and insurances industries and the {{wp|flag carrier}} [[name name s.a.]]. | |||
Mean {{wp|inflation}} was recorded at 3.1% (2023), one of the lowest in Asteria Inferior. The country counts with one of the highest {{wp|average salaries}} of the region, and in consequence, with one of the lowest percentages of {{wp|population living under poverty line}} at 19.7% (2023). The currency is the [[Puramapese Sud]], although the {{wp|Euro|Euclo}} is widely used and accepted. | |||
===Agriculture=== | ===Agriculture=== | ||
[[File:Distrito São Luiz.jpg|230px|thumb|left|Town in Province]] | [[File:Distrito São Luiz.jpg|230px|thumb|left|Town in Province]] |
Latest revision as of 02:10, 14 March 2024
Republic of Puramape République de Pouramape (Gaullican) | |
---|---|
Motto: «By reason or by force» "Par la raison ou par la force" | |
Anthem: «L'hymne du Pouramape» | |
Capital and largest city | Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence |
Religion | See Religion in Puramape |
Demonym(s) | Puramapese |
Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic |
Déborah Genet | |
• Premier | Edouard Lecoubarry |
Legislature | Sénat |
Establishment | |
• Establishment of the Captaincy of Nouvelle Sessonis | 1520 |
• Establishment of the Prefecture of Nouvelle Sessonis | 1530 |
• Establishment of the Prefecture of Saint Ferdinand | 1580 |
• Consolidation of the Prefecture of Saint Ferdinand | 1770 |
• Constitution of the Dominion of Puramape | 1850 |
• Independence | 1930 |
Area | |
• | 998,000 km2 (385,000 sq mi) |
Population | |
• Estimate | 7,652,362 |
• 2012 census | 7,301,712 |
GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $181.35 billion |
• Per capita | $24,837 |
GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $95.579 billion |
• Per capita | $13,090 |
Gini (2022) | 41.5 medium |
HDI (2022) | 0.801 very high |
Currency | Sud (/SUD) (PUS) |
Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +582 |
Internet TLD | .pu |
Puramape (Gaullican pronunciation: [puʁamape] ; Gaullican: Pouramape), officially Republic of Puramape (Gaullican: République de Pouramape) is a republic in Asteria Inferior. It shares borders with Satucin to the west, the East Arucian Sea to the north, and Keppland and Gapolania to the east; the south of the territory is covered by the Sierra Bianca mountain range. Its capital and largest city is Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence, located in the country's central plateau.
The territory was inhabited by indigenous peoples for many years before colonization by Eucleans. During its initial years, Puramape was discovered by Vespasian merchants and colonisers, who settled a small port colony on what was later called Montsinéry-Tonnegrande; the closeness between the Viceroyalty of New Povelia and the Viceroyalty General of Satucin soon made of Puramape a zone of contention between the colonial empires with limited Euclean settlements. Fearing Vespasian's expansion to Satucin, Gaullicans led the incursion in the territory of Puramape, expelling Vespasians through subsequent battles which concluded with the territory being handed to Gaullican authorities, remaining during most of its colonial period as a province of the Viceroyalty General of Satucin. The power in the island, however, saw the particularity of being shared between the Gaullican crown and the Solarian Catholic Church. Between the 17th and the 18th centuries, ecclesial orders would capitalise their power through the creation of "indian reductions", missions established inland that gathered native communities to live in relative freedom. Priests were in charge of the education and labour of the local population, and reductions served as independent economic units that diminished the crown's influence in the island. The communities proved crucial for those escaping from enslavement and the encomiendas labour system; with the establishment of slavery market, reductions would also provide protection to freed slaves.
During the 18th and early 19th centuries, the territory of Puramape remained lagged behind the more prosperous Satucin; the isolation from the rest of the Viceroyalty and different power and labour dynamics were crucial in the development of a sense of own idiosyncrasy, soon leading to differences between the two provinces. An independence struggle commenced during the 19th century, first against Gaullican and Vespasian domination, concluding with the Gaullican surrender after the Great War and later against Satucine centralism.
Following independence, Puramape saw a growing tension between newborn political forces (Party of National Integration and the Civic Radical Union), which, after a short period of civil conflicts, were solved by several political reforms under the governments of Jean-Pascal Chagnon (UCR). Under successive UCR governments, the country saw a level of development, with the expansion of labour, healthcare and education across the nation. However, it was also the period of an increase in the use of an export based economic model, which boosted the influence of major Asterian companies in the country; this situation saw an algid moment when, entering a financial crisis in the 1970s, the population lived under a red scare promoted from the political establishment aimed to oppose to Chistovodian influence in the region. In 1974, the three main political parties, PDIN-UCR-USC, joined in the Accord of Camp-Perrin to grant governability and stability, as well as political participation, isolating the recently founded and popular SRAE and PVP. During the 1980s and 1990s, governments were forced to implement several neoliberal reforms under the Morwall Consensus, of which Puramape rapidly became a strong advocate until the early 2000s. Puramape was hit by the 2005 financial crisis, following that event, the left-wing coalition, FPP reached power for the first time, arising current political dynamics between urban centres and the agribusiness elites.
Puramape is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic; it is considered a full democracy in the region and has performed favourably in metrics such as Human Development Index, democratic governance and macroeconomic stability. Its deals with a high inequality and a growing problem of insecurity. Puramape is a full member of the Community of Nations, the Association for Economic Development and Cooperation, the Asteria Inferior Common Market, the International Council for Democracy, the Gaullophonie, the Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs and the Organization of Asterian Nations. It is an observer of the Arucian Cooperation Organization and an ally of the North Vehemens Organization.
Etymology
The name "Puramape" is the Estmerish derivation from the Gaullican name,Pouramapè. The original name of the territory is believed to be a colonial modification from the original name, "Purapamapu" of Chanuche origin meant to define the pampas of the north of the territory. A popular interpretation from the original name "Purapamapu" refers to the composition of the two Chanuche words, "Purapa" (winds from the sea) and "Mapu" (land, country or plains), with the two meaning "land" or "plains" of "strong winds of the sea", in direct relation to the plain territory north of the Sierra Bianca mountain range, where winds tend to be strong, bending trees and marking life in the territory.
During most of the colonial period, the territory of Puramape was named "Prefecture of Saint Ferdinand", answering to the name of the capital of the province and now capital city of the country, Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence. However, in many records and maps of the time, the name "Puramape" exists in relation to the plains that occupy a large portion of the territory in the border with Satucin, and was a common toponym to the country and people of said geography; in texts of the Gaullican conquérant Pierre-Antoine Courvoisier du Suberscaseux, the term is found as "men of the Pouramape" as one of the earliest evidences of the toponym. Following independence, it was named "Republic of Puramape" (République de Pouramape).
History
Pre-Asteris period (before 1520)
Indigenous peoples had been living in the territory of Puramape for at least a millennium before the first contacts with Euclean colonisers; the Satucine Arucian Sea has been pointed as the most probable origin for the natives of Puramape, which theorists have marked in Asteria Superior. Stone tools, paintings and mummified human remains have been recorded in large areas of the plains and valleys of the Sierra Bianca, mostly from the native Chanuche peoples, but also from the Marai in areas closer to the plains. It is believed that cultures of Chanuche origin, were some of the first in the globe to mummify its ancestors between 5000 y 1700 a. C. Records show that during most of the pre-Asteris period, the Chanuches lacked any form of state organisation, and instead, formed several villages dedicated to farming and agriculture or fishing.
Due to the complexity of the Puramapese territory and its almost virtual isolation thanks to the Sierra Bianca and the Satucine rainforest, Chanuches received late influence from other natives; coastal communities received a larger degree of influence and communication with other Arucian cultures, something that over the decades, forced changes in the housing architecture and decorations.
Gaullican colonisation (1520-1770)
Although the coast of Puramape was first described and mapped by Hennish explorer Willem Carstenszoon, Gaullicans were the first that held a continuous contact and trade with coastal communities; the explorer Samuel de Nicolet would write several letters from the Puramapese coast, describing colourful ceramic decors, abundant vegetation and fruits, plate and gold jewelry, which granted subsequent peaceful and violent contacts between Eucleans and natives.
The first colony in the territory was founded by Vespasian merchants in the town of Montsinéry-Tonnegrande, which prompted Gaullican settlers to explore the area in order to contain further Vespasian expansion into already Satucine territory. For years, the Puramapese coast was a zone of contention between the two viceroyalties, until Gaullican victory concluded with the annexation of the coast as part of the Captaincy of Nouvelle Sessonis around 1520, several years after the establishment of the Gaullicans in the Arucian. With a reorganisation of the Empire's lands in the new world, Nouvelle Sessonis was upgraded to its own Prefecture. The interior of Puramape saw a belated colonisation, in part due to the lack of intensive indigenous workforce and certain complexity in the exploration of the geography. It was going to be in 1580, when, after the efforts made by a group of explorers led by Jean de Albanel, the colony expanded to the north and the interior. That same year, the fortified square of Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence was founded, fearing Vespasian and Blostlandic intrusions. The new Prefecture was organised around Providence and counted with a larger influence from the Solarian Catholic Church. Ecclesial orders were commanded by the Gaullican Crown to expand faith and civilisation to the deep interior of Puramape through a system of indian reductions, which soon capitalised power in missions that granted land labour. The reductions saw the emergence of figures like Sœur Marie Beatrice de la Croix-Perigueux, which argued about the importance of cohabiting land with natives, offering protection from enslavement and freedom, to introduce indigenous communities to work and faith.
Indian reductions were organised as economic units, introducing stockbreeding and intensive agriculture. Communities were led by priests, but the majority of the members were indians, many of them escaping forced labour under the encomiendas system. Although the initial purposes were to enforce Euclean control in large areas of the Puramapese interior and expand the Solarian faith, many of the reductions soon acquired notions related to the indians' rights and freedoms, producing clashes with the central Gaullican authorities in Nouvelle Sessonis and Saint Ferdinand, and eventually operating as states within a state.
Prefecture of Saint Ferdinand and Dominion (1770-1930)
In 1770, the clashes between the ecclesial orders in charge of the doctrines and the colonial authorities finally concluded, when the orders were expulsed and the lands confiscated to the crown, starting an intensive conflict with the Chanuche natives. During the reign of Jacque II Telois of Gaullica, the Puramapese territories belonging to the Empire suffered a reorganisation, with the annexation of northern portions of the Prefecture of Nouvelle Sessonis and the centralisation of power in Saint Ferdinand.
During most of the 18th century, Puramape lagged behind other Gaullican viceroyalties in Asteria Inferior, remaining largely unappreciated and overlooked by colonisers. The end of doctrines, a lack of haciendas and a low degree of introduction of the encomiendas, soon took Puramape to a large period of economic isolation, which developed a sense of idiosyncrasy that arose differences with the Satucine colonial government. Along the centuries, Puramapese politics would cohabit between forces prone to Satucin centralism and those against it; with the former being represented by conservative rural associations and the latter by liberal urban societies, which often took the state's form. In 1850, Philippe XII Telois of Gaullica granted large degrees of devolution to Asterian colonies including Puramape that was divided between the Realm of Saint-François and the Realm of Saint Ferdinand, and transformed into its own Dominion. Civil conflicts marked the curse of the 19th century, with several clashes between conservative and liberal factions, which were then grouped into the Nationalism and the Radicalism.
Towards the first decades of the 19th century, Puramape suffered enormous political transformations aimed to reduce civil conflicts, increase political representation and grant civil rights. The country lived an initial period of economic prosperity rooted in agricultural exports and strong liberalism; entering the 1920's and facing the Great War, Puramape stood alongside Gaullica, although the ruling classes, heavily influenced by years of Radicalist governments, remained largely apathetic. In opposition to Satucin, Puramapese political parties exposed little sympathy towards National Functionalism, and in general terms, the country remained in a virtually neutral position.
Radical spring (early 20th century)
Shortly after independence, the General Jean-Pascal Chagnon was elected premier from the Civic Radical Union. Amid growing tensions between the two main political forces, Chagnon conducted a number of political reforms to avoid the course of a civil conflict; during his 15 year long term, Chagnon impulsed universal suffrage, representative parliamentarism, social security and a number of labour reforms that included broad unemployment compensations.
Assuming the office of the premiership after independence, Jean-Pascal Chagnon conducted a number of nationalisations aimed to impulse productivity and public investment in key areas of the economy. During the first half of the 1930s, Puramape was able to expand its network of railways and motorways, and granted state-owned monopolies to the dairy cooperative name, the oil and concrete producer, the water distribution company, the electricity and telecommunications company and others. Under Chagnon, the state was conceived with an active role in the economy as a competitor and regulator; labour organisation was actively promoted, generating a major mass of unionised workers in the country.
Chagnon's successive terms in office shaped Radicalism in Puramape and the country's political system during a period called Radical spring, in which power was dominated by the UCR through its progressive wing, counting with a predominantly urban support. Politically, constitutional reforms made by Chagnon to grant political participation of the opposition in diverse nationalised companies and numerous administrative offices, allowed a long period of political peace and open discussion. Puramape became a leading exporter of meat, dairy and wheat, rapidly becoming known as the breadbasket of the world; beneficial prices of commodities, a model of import substitution industrialization and political stability were crucial in the development of the country and an increasement in the general standards of life.
CONAPRO years (late 20th century)
During the late 1950s, economic downturns and a regional fall in commodities prices affected the Puramapese economy. The model of state promoted until then was starting to be perceived as inefficient by several political actors, with a large mass of public workers and an industry largely subsidised, which was unable to compete against international prices. In 1958, the country plains were heavily affected by floods, destroying crops and resulting in an increase in inflation; by the end of the decade, Puramape was living record unemployment figures, while an exodus from rural populations to the cities provoked the expansion of informal slums.
During most of the decade of the 1960s, Jean-Joël Lecerf-Boudon led the country as a direct successor of Chagnon. However, the economic difficulties, forced Lecerf-Boudon to redirect the UCR and government policy towards liberal and orthodox lines. Lecerf-Boudon's ideological closeness with the conservative factions of the UCR were accused of traition by the senators from its progressive wing, forcing his renounce. Louis Geiger Maitre assumed the leadership of the party, although consolidating the conservative turn of the party marking the distance from the progressive predecessors. The terms were marked by stability programs aimed to reduce inflation, a growing deindustrialisation and an environment of political tension, which prompted clashes between trade unions, students and the police. Fearing losing power, the UCR made several agreements with the PDIN and the USC, while promoted a red scare over the People's Socialist Party and the East Arucian Revolutionary Section, the main political arms of the left, which were accused of being Chistovodian-allies. In the 1976, for the first time, the PDIN overtook the UCR and was able to form government, although in minority and for a few years before its collapse.
In order to isolate the political left, UCR, PDIN and USC, formed the CONAPRO, an organ of political coordination between the main political parties and social organisations, which aimed to form an axis of minimum programmatic guidelines and establish stable governments with the support of the three parties, which were given several positions in the administration. The CONAPRO functioned for over 27 years and consolidated UCR's political dominance over the rest of the century, a political dynamic of agreement and consensus between the main forces and a large middle class often associated with the public administration.
21st century
The 21st century in Puramape meant the end of the bipartidist political system that had ruled the country since independence. Daniel La Rue was elected premier in 2000 after a general election that produced, for the first time, a majority for the leftist coalition Front for People's Participation. However, La Rue was able to form the last government of the UCR within the Programmatic National Coalition. The six-year government was marked by several neoliberal reforms and intense confrontation with trade unions, exemplified by the referendums for the privatisation of public companies and the conclusion of an FTA with Senria.
Hit by the consequences of the 2005 financial crisis, CONAPRO was broken and without political support. La Rue was forced to dismiss the government and announce a snap general election. In 2006, after being in opposition since 1981, the FPP became the largest coalition in the Senate and Gérard Rigal became the first premier from the left in the country's history. The government enjoyed broad social support, although it also faced animosity from economic chambers and rural societies, which held a months-long strike against the imposition of a tax increase on agro-exports in 2010. During their term, Puramape was able to reduce poverty rates to record lows, decrease unemployment and increase foreign investment. In 2015, Rigal was succeeded by Benjamin Durand as leader of the FPP and later premier of Puramape. For the first time, the left coalition was supported by a former Alliance member, the Social Catholic Union. The Durand government continued the implementation of most of Rigal's social policies with positive effects on wages and general quality of life. However, during the second half of the term, the government suffered a dramatic increase in social violence and delinquency related to drug trafficking and abuse.
In recent years, Puramape has undergone a process of reconfiguration of its two-party system. The political system has realigned under two coalitions —the FPP on the left and the PDIN-led coalition on the centre-right— with small groups often representing a third option in minority. In the 2023 general elections, Edouard Lecoubarry of the liberal conservative Party of National Integration was invested premier, breaking a trend of more than 15 years of leftist administration.
Geography
Puramape extends over a total area of approximately 998,000 km2 (385,000 sq mi), which fall in the southern hemisphere, on the eastern portion of Asteria Inferior and with coasts bathed by the East Arucian. The country is geographically divided into four terrestrial ecoregions: the pre-Chaîne, the Chaîne, the Pampa Littoral and the Coast. Geographically, the four regions comprise different terrains and climates, which have historically conditioned human settlement and economic-productive methods and logics.
Although more than 60% of the territory is covered in grassy plains, a large portion of these are subscribed to the Satucine-Aurican tropical forests of abundant and dense vegetation, making agricole production highly expensive. Most of the productive engine of the country is centred in the north and west of the country; the region of the Pampa Littoral and the Coast is known for its high fertility and is home to large extensions of grass dedicated to stockbreeding and different agricultural productions.
The rest of the territory is covered by the pre-Chaîne and the Chaîne (or mountain range) along the southern portions of the country; the first, allows agriculture and stockbreeding in different areas, where it provides a lower altitude with rolling hills, often covered in grass or part of the abundant vegetation of the tropical forest. The second, covers a larger area and makes agricultural production almost impossible. The Chaîne is part of the Sierra Blanca, which spans along the east of Asteria Inferior and exposes a particular topography on its Puramapese portions, where intense rainfalls have produced large flat-topped mountains and high cliffs; the Chaîne counts with a difficult access across the forest, and thus is has remained largely uninhabited and unexplored ; the highest point in the Puramapese territory, the Mount of the Incarnation, is found at 2,810 m (9,220 ft) and is part of the Sierra Blanca Chaîne.
Climate
Climate data for General Jean-Pascal Chagnon-Providence International Airport, Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence (1991-2022) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 39.1 (102.4) |
37.9 (100.2) |
38.1 (100.6) |
34.6 (94.3) |
32.2 (90.0) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.4 (88.5) |
34.9 (94.8) |
34.8 (94.6) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.2 (102.6) |
39.2 (102.6) |
Average high °C (°F) | 30.2 (86.4) |
30.1 (86.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.4 (68.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.7 (80.1) |
29.0 (84.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.6 (76.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
14.3 (57.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
23.3 (73.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
Average low °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) |
20.8 (69.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
10.7 (51.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
11.5 (52.7) |
13.1 (55.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
18.9 (66.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
9.6 (49.3) |
6.8 (44.2) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
8.7 (47.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 105.9 (4.17) |
99.2 (3.91) |
104.7 (4.12) |
77.3 (3.04) |
90.0 (3.54) |
138.4 (5.45) |
118.5 (4.67) |
137.1 (5.40) |
142.2 (5.60) |
121.3 (4.78) |
92.4 (3.64) |
93.4 (3.68) |
1,320.2 (51.98) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 101 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 71 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 81 | 82 | 81 | 79 | 78 | 74 | 71 | 69 | 76 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 239.0 | 208.1 | 200.7 | 180.3 | 166.1 | 136.0 | 148.6 | 151.1 | 151.2 | 201.9 | 216.6 | 245.2 | 2,244.8 |
Source: Puramapese National Meteorological Service |
Politics and government
The current constitution of Puramape defines the country as a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, with power being separated in the three branches of the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. As a parliamentary republic, the executive is formed by the President of Puramape, who exercises the role of Head of State as a representative of the country overseas and Commander-in-chief of the Puramapese Armed Forces, and the Premier of Puramape, who occupies the role of Head of Government and is the de facto leading office of the Cabinet.
The President is, constitutionally, elected every by universal suffrage every six years, and occupies the office in a merely ceremonial role; presidents can be re-elected twice and after a second term are banned from occupying any other office in the State. Presidents are in charge of commanding party's leaders to form government after a general election; Premiers are elected through an indirect election, in which the Senate of Puramape grants the legislative confidence to the party leader with the most votes. After coalitions are formed and a leader receives the confidence of the legislature, Presidents are in charge of appointing them as Head of Government, allowing the formation of a cabinet. Confidence can be retired from the Senate, forcing the President to set a new general election and the dismissal of the Premier. Legislative power is vested on the Senate of Puramape and occupies an important role in the daily politics of the country; the legislature is unicameral and composed by 130 members elected for a term of 5 years with the possibility of being renewable. The Judiciary has been historically influenced by Gaullican civil law.
The political system of Puramape coutns with a long traditional of representation of political parties that occupy a broad ideological spectrum, granting governability and high levels of institutional representation and democratic discussion. The system is historically rooted in a two-party system, which has suffered a mutation in the 1990s and onwards.
Foreign policy
Since its independence, Puramapese foreign relations have been dominated by close ties with Euclean powers, specially Gaullica and Estmere, as well as by regional dynamics with the hegemonic Satucin. During the 20th century, the country undergone a process of depoliticisation of its foreign affairs policy, consolidating an international axis under the logics of free trade, international cooperation and regional and international security; under this, the country has become an active player during Free Trade Agreements across the Asterian continents and the Vehemens Ocean.
Regionally, Puramape has historically tried to counter Satucine hegemony; although the two count with friendly relations and are crucial economic partners to each other, Puramape-Satucin relations have been difficult at times over maritime boundaries, nowadays, the two cooperate over the jungle to prevent drug trafficking and production. Although the country has historically promoted non-militaristic relations, Puramape is considered a strategic security ally of the North Vehemens Organization in the Arucian Sea, and of the Sangang Mutual Security Organization in Asteria Inferior. Over the last years, Puramape has also signed military agreements with Estmere to strengthen regional security in areas prone to drug trafficking; due to this, relations with the socialist world, in particular with Chistovodia, have remained tense.
Puramape is a member-state of the Community of Nations, the Asteria Inferior Common Market, the International Council for Democracy, the Gaullophonie, the Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs and the Organization of Asterian Nations. In 2010, the country became a full member of the Association for Economic Development and Cooperation owing to its economic success and fiscal responsibility. Puramape is an observer of the Arucian Cooperation Organization.
Administrative divisions
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Military
The Military Forces of Puramape —Forces militaires de Puramape— are the unified armed forces of Puramape. Its control is exercised by the President commander-in-chief, followed by the Minister of Defence and the General Commander. The armed forces are comprised of the National Army of Puramape (ANP), the National Navy of Puramape (ARP) and the National Air Force of Puramape (FAP).
Due to its smaller size in population terms, the Military Forces of Puramape is one of the smaller sized armed forces of the Asterias; as of 2023, it counts with nearly 24,500 active personnel and 9,900 as reserve military. In 2020, the country spent nearly 2.5% of the country's GDP in military expenditure. The armed forces' role is defined in the Constitution of Puramape as to safeguard independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Puramape; however, the armed forces have been attributed with the role of keeping civil order during catastrophes and when asked by the Executive branch; political efforts have been made to create a fourth branch that could act as a gendarmerie. Under the sphere of the Ministry of Defence is also the Administrative Department of Security, the Puramapese intelligence service; the DAS has been under the public eye for allegations of spy on political figures, trade unions and journalists. In recent years, Puramape has played a key role during peace international missions led by the Community of Nations in Rahelia and Bahia; the country's armed forces are usually considered an ally of ECDTO and NVO, and it regularly plays a role in joint exercises and missions.
Puramape aims to exercise influence in the Eastern Arucian and its inland regions; it is considered a middle to small power, and over the decades, it has projected its military presence in the region through alliances with Asterian and Euclean powers. The country's military forces are provided mostly by Estmere, Werania, Senria, Soravia and NVO nations.
Law enforcement
Law enforcement in Puramape is reliant on the 12,000-member National Police of Puramape (PNP), which answers to the Ministry of Interior. It is one of the two civilian police forces of the country; its duties are given by the Constitution of Puramape; its role is to protect the nation inside its borders, enforce law and maintain the necessary conditions for public freedom.
Besides the PNP, several urban areas of Puramape count with municipal-limited watchmen units called Unités de Gardiens; these count with fewer legal powers and their jurisdiction in usually limited to small municipalities or cities. Although both services have been criticised by excessive use of violence and numerous other controversies, law enforcement forces in Puramape have usually counted with a high degree of respect by citizens and are usually accountable for a large institutional representation in the territory. The role of police forces in society is often a topic of political discussion as drug trafficking has increased civil insecurity and homicide rates in Puramapese urban centres.
An ongoing security crisis has been mentioned by political actors to justify a growing militarisation of the civilian police force, which would constitutionally put law enforcement under the sphere of the Ministry of Defence.
Corruption
Economy and transport
Puramape is a developing upper middle income economy. It is considered one of the fastest growing economies of Asteria Inferior; it counts with a GDP (PPP) of $190.061 Bn and a per capita of $24,837, which is the third largest in the region, falling behind Satavia and Nuvania. The country ranks very high in Human Development Index (0.801) and deals with medium inequality as measured by the Gini Index (41.5), being the second most unequal of the continent, behind Aucuria. It has a generally low unemployment rate at 8.2% (2020) and inflation (3.5%; 2020); macroeconomic stability has been achieved and highly noted in recent years, although the country deals with a growing government debt and the incapacity to continue decreasing poverty and inequality.
The economy of Puramape is dominated by the services sector, which accounts for nearly 75.9% of the national GDP and employs most of the workforce. Tourism leads the tertiary sector, making of Puramape one of the most visited countries of the region receiving approximately 3.2 million visitors per year; the sector also sees important contributions from industries related to the information technology, logistics, retail and banking and finances. Industry is considerably smaller, although it accounts for 18.6% of the GDP; it is centred in the department of the Metropolitan Region; Puramape is an industrial producer od electronic appliances and energy through renewable methods. The country is also a small contributor in the region to the automotive sector. The Puramapese plains are considered one of the Asterian largest breadbaskets, with agriculture accounting for 5.5% of the GDP; over the years, the primary sector has been crucial in the development of the country and has virtually influenced every other sector. The northern region of the country is considered one of the world's largest producers of fruits, soy, chocolate and coffee, while in the south, wheat, potatoes, flowers, dairy cattle and poultry dominate the production of the primary sector. Puramape is home to valuable brands and companies from the Asterias, such as Trottier-Aliments and Milhaud&Bourdon in the aliments industry; the leading retailers Cazal and Marché Trintignant; Gaulloise-Pouramapese Assurance and Crédit Saint Ferdinand in the banking and insurances industries and the flag carrier name name s.a..
Mean inflation was recorded at 3.1% (2023), one of the lowest in Asteria Inferior. The country counts with one of the highest average salaries of the region, and in consequence, with one of the lowest percentages of population living under poverty line at 19.7% (2023). The currency is the Puramapese Sud, although the Euclo is widely used and accepted.
Agriculture
Industry
Energy and telecommunications
Transport and infrastructure
Demographics
Résistance Incarnation
Rank | Name | Canton | Pop. | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence Saint-François |
1 | Saint Ferdinand de la Vallée de la Providence | [[]] | Camp-Perrin Ste-Marguerite | |||||
2 | Saint-François | [[]] | |||||||
3 | Camp-Perrin | [[]] | |||||||
4 | Ste-Marguerite | [[]] | |||||||
5 | Orroux | [[]] | |||||||
6 | Martissant | [[]] | |||||||
7 | Montsinéry-Tonnegrande | [[]] | |||||||
8 | Régina | [[]] | |||||||
9 | Pétionville | [[]] | |||||||
10 | La Rosette | [[]] |