Besmenia: Difference between revisions
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===Art=== | ===Art=== | ||
===Literature=== | ===Literature=== | ||
[[File: | [[File:TheobaldvonKanther.png|200px|thumb|right|Theobald von Kanther (1816 is considered one of the most famous Besmenian poets.]] | ||
The Besmenian literature goes back to the early Middle Ages, when the first medieval libraries with manuscripts and book illuminations emerged. The best-known Besmenian writers include [[Konrad Wolfgang]] and [[Siegfried Bacher]], from the time of [[Constantioan Empire|Constantioan rule]], from the time of the [[Kingdom of Besmenia|Kingdom]] [[Hermann Berg]] and [[Theobald von Kanther]], and from the time of the [[Besmenian division]] to the present day [[Friedrich Henneberg]], [[Petra Ulmann]], [[Gerhard Siegmann]] and [[Bernhard Flohn]]. | The Besmenian literature goes back to the early Middle Ages, when the first medieval libraries with manuscripts and book illuminations emerged. The best-known Besmenian writers include [[Konrad Wolfgang]] and [[Siegfried Bacher]], from the time of [[Constantioan Empire|Constantioan rule]], from the time of the [[Kingdom of Besmenia|Kingdom]] [[Hermann Berg]] and [[Theobald von Kanther]], and from the time of the [[Besmenian division]] to the present day [[Friedrich Henneberg]], [[Petra Ulmann]], [[Gerhard Siegmann]] and [[Bernhard Flohn]]. | ||
Revision as of 15:30, 5 January 2022
Federal Republic of Besmenia Bundesrepublik Besmenien | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms
| |
| Motto: "Hoffnung, Stolz und Frieden" | |
Anthem: "Freedom for Besmenia"
 | |
 | |
| Capital | Laitstadt |
| Largest | Laitstadt |
| Official languages | Besmenian |
| Recognised regional languages | Sedakanian Utobanian |
| Ethnic groups (2020) | Besmenians: 89% Others: 11% |
| Religion | Besmenian orthodoxy: 52.5% Atheism: 30.4% Catholic: 10.4% Islam: 2.7% Buddhism: 1.8% Others: 2.2% |
| Demonym(s) | Besmenian |
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional republic |
| Vincent von Schilling | |
| Elisabeth Rademacher (BVP) | |
| Ivar Combrinck (SDU) | |
| Rupert Bödermann | |
| Legislature | |
| Federal Senate | |
| Federal Chamber | |
| Establishment | |
| July 2, 1920 | |
• Reunification | September 14, 1967 |
• Addmited to the CCA | July 1, 1982 |
| Area | |
• | [convert: invalid number] |
| Population | |
• 2021 estimate | 75,279,857 |
• Density | 22/km2 (57.0/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | $5,72 trillion |
• Per capita | $47,022 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | $5,46 trillion |
• Per capita | $43,777 |
| Currency | Besmenian schilling (BS) |
| Date format | dd,mm,yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +78 |
| Internet TLD | .bes |
The Federal Republic of Besmenia, commonly called Besmenia, is a German-speaking country in the Coalition of Crown Albatross. It is located in the east of Nortua, bordering New Anea to the northwest, Xevus, Fir Campica and Yubonia to the west, and Candatora to the east. The country is a federal parliamentary democracy. The current President since 2021 is Vincent von Schilling. The current Prime Minister since 2021 is Elisabeth Rademacher. It is the most populous nation in Nortua with nearly 75.3 million inhabitants.
In 1918 the East Besmenian states left the kingdom and formed the Confederation of East Besmenian States (KBS). The KBS had to fight in the Besmenian Civil War against the Kingdom of Besmenia for the continuation of their independence, which they won. With the Treaty of Freiz, the kingdom accepted the independence of the KBS. On July 2, 1920, the Federal Republic of Besmenia was established on the territory of the KBS. The relationship between the two states was complicated, since Karl Ochsenbein established a fascist regime in West Besmenia in 1922. On September 14, 1967, West Besmenia merged into the Federal Republic. Thus, the Besmenian division ended after 49 years.
Besmenia is considered a wealthy country with a strong economy among global competitors. Besmenia is a member of the Coalition Trade Organization and a founding member of the C21, and the Alliance of Nortuan States. The headquarter of the ANS is located in Laitstadt.
Etymology
History
Prehistory
Antiquity
Besmenia in the Constantio Empire
In 1718, emperor Politari II of the Constantio Empire led a series of conquests into the Besmenian territory of Sedakania during an expansion into central Nortua. While the Constantioans brought a series of transformations of Sedakania's political and military institutions in response to challenges like economic turmoil and cultural divisions, enabling it to successfully adapt to the new conditions of the last half of the century and remain powerful, Sedakania remained highly nationalistic against the Constantioan rule. In the late eighteenth century, an increase in secular learning led to the revival among Sedakanians of the diaspora of the notion of a Sedekanian nation tracing its existence to ancient Nortua, distinct from the other Nortuan peoples, and having a right to political autonomy.
Independence
As the Chezian Wars began to degrade the Constantio empire, rebellions in Besmenia erupted in the form of the Besmenian Independence War, and the Sedakania War of Independence in Sedakania. Makeshift Besmenian and Sedakanian armies battled with the Constantioan occupiers and managed to hit them back, with the both wars ended with the Constantio Empire's withdrawal in 1821. The endless military defeats and the wide range of conflicts strained the Constantio Empire, and Emperor Isidoros declared the dissolving of the empire on April 8th, 1827 with the Armistace of Gurikans in Syraranto. Independence came at a cost of more than 68,200 people who died during the war on the side of the Besmenians, while the Constantioans also sustained heavy casualties.
Kingdom of Besmenia (1821-1922)
Besmenian-Sedakanian War
Besmenian division (1918-1967)
Besmenian Civil War (1918-1920)
East Besmenia
West Besmenia
Fascist regime under Karl Ochsenbein and Lars Schreim (1923-1966)
In the parliamentary election in 1923, the Besmenian National Union became the strongest party with 50.9% and was able to form the government on its own.
Reunification process (1966-1967)
On June 9, Rudolf Bötte proclaimed the Besmenian Republic on the territory of West Besmenia with him as President. Although the BNU was still the sole ruling party until November 1966, the party still concentrated on a democratic course. At that time, the BNU was developing from an ultra-national and fascist party more to a national-conservative party. In July 1966 Bötte resigned and was replaced by Hermann Himmerlich, who announced free parliamentary elections for October 1966 in the same month. On August 3, the State Security of Besmenia was dissolved.
With the event of the end of the fascist regime and the opening of the Inner Besmenian border between West and East Besmenia in June 1966, Besmenian reunification was by no means decided. In East Besmenia, Prime Minister Johannes Schmidt is in favor of a quick reunification. In the free parliamentary election in West Besmenia in October 1966 the Democratic Besmenia, which supports reunification, wins the election. The new West Besmenian government under President Horst Lommberg and the East Besmenian federal government begin negotiations on the Besmenian unity in December 1966. With the Treaty of Melmingia, which governs the monetary, economic and social policy of the future reunified Besmenia, West Besmenia takes over the East Besmenian economic system on May 1st, 1967 and introduces the East Besmenian schilling as currency. The Besmenian reunification treaty passed in Freiz in June 1967 came into force on September 14, 1967 and ended the almost 50-year division on that day.
Reunited Besmenia since 1967
The Besmenian reunification took place on September 14, 1967 when West Besmenia joined the Federal Republic of Besmenia; this day of Besmenian unity became a national holiday. After a brief boom in reunification, the late 1960s and the early 1970s were characterized by economic stagnation, mass unemployment and a “reform backlog”. The West Besmenian states in particular did not develop as quickly as hoped after the introduction of the social market economy. It was not until the mid and late 1970s that the new West Besmenian states stabilized socially and economically.
In the 1972 federal election, the BVP became the strongest party under Robert Gleitzmann. Gleitzmann then formed a coalition with the right-wing populist BRP, which aroused criticism in Besmenia (particularly in the West Besmenian states) and internationally because of the fact that some BRP politicians, who were represented in the Gleitzmann government, were former members of the Besmenian National Union, and there were some Ochsenbeinian alignments in the party. Through the Gleitzmann program, West Bsmenia achieved economic growth in the mid-1970s. The BVP-BRP coalition was continued after the 1976 federal election, but caused a lot of criticism in the 1976-1980 legislative period, especially about Gleitzmann's resistance to the Coalition of Crown Albatross.
After the 1980 federal election, the FBBP under Martin Beiter became the strongest party again for the first time since 1952 and, with the approval of the president, formed a minority government with the SDU, subject to new elections in August 1981. In the 1981 federal election, the FBBP-SDU coalition got the majority. Under Martin Beiter there were profound changes in social, educational and health policy. In 1982 Besmenia joined the Coalition of Crown Albatross after a referendum. Together with Elbresia, Versenia and the Arenoran Isles, Besmenia founded the Alliance of Nortuan States in the summer of 1989.
In September 1983, under the name Gleitzmann scandal , the corruption cases and illicit BVP party donations made by Gleitzmann during his time as Prime Minister are exposed and made known to the public. Three days after the discovery, Gleitzmann resigned from his position as party chairman. The Gleitzmann scandal led to a crisis in the Besmenian domestic politics, in the BVP and in the BRP.
On May 5, 1991 PM Martin Beiter was assassinated by the mentally ill Michael-Joe Lammer witwith two gun shots after an election campaign for the 1991 Maurenmark state election in an restaurant in Melmingia. The assassination of Beiter triggered a wave of mourning in Besmenia and International. Federal Minister for Post and Communication Kurt Stöger was appointed as new PM on February 15th.
In the 1993 federal election, the BVP was again the strongest party under Erik Tautenbach. Together with the GPB, Tautenbach formed the first blue-green coalition in Besmenia. Tautenbach's 8-year tenure and cooperation with the green party was characterized by a strengthening in environmental policy and Besmenia's nuclear phase-out, which was decided in 1995 after a referendum as a reaction of the Treviso Nuclear Crisis in January 1992. Besmenia was also a founding member of the Coalition Trade Organization and the C21 during Tautenbach's tenure.
21st century
In the 2001 election, the FBBP was again the strongest party under Laura Kummstein. Kummstein became the first female Prime Minister and formed a coalition with the SDU (2001-2005) and with the BVP (2005-2010). During Kummstein's tenure there were changes in economic, social and foreign policy. Under Kummstein, Besmenia and Western Euronia Defense Alliance agreed a partnership in 2007, with the focus on the exchange of military weapons and technologies. From the late 2000s, Kummstein's unpopularity increased. During this period, the FBBP also suffered a loss of votes in all regional elections. When the FBBP became in the 2010 Lemberland state election third with 18.8%, Kummstein announced in October 2010 her resignation as Prime Minister and FBBP chairwoman. She was followed by Jörg Rautenberg, who was Federal Minister of the Interior from 2004 to 2010.
After a change at the top of BVP in March 2012, the new party chairman Theodor Sidemann was against a continuation of the government coalition with the FBBP, whereupon early elections were set, in which the BVP became the strongest party. Between 2012 and 2016, Sidemann formed a coalition with the SDU, the first BVP-SDU government at the federal level sice 40 years. After the 2016 federal election, Sidemann formed a coalition with the FBBP under the new FBBP party chairman Frank Hille as Vice Prime Minister, which was controversial due to Hille's political views. After the 2020 federal election, the coalition continued. After secret voice recordings Hille emerged at the end of April 2021, in which he insulted Sidemann, among others, he resigned from his position as FBBP party chairman and Vice Prime Minister. Sidemann wanted to continue the coalition with the FBBP, but the FBBP left the coalition by itself.
Geography
Besmenian lies in the northeast of the continent Nortua. The land covers an area of 3,287,263 km2, making it one of the largest countries in Nortua. The northern part of Besmenia is largely characterized by flatlands, while the southern part is mountainous.
Forrests
One of the most famous forests in the country is the Summingian forest. The Summingian forest is a forested low mountain range in the state of Summingia. The Summingian forest is about 70 kilometers long and 29 kilometers wide. The entire area around it is protected. On the highest mountain in the Summingian forest is the Felixberg, which is also a popular destination of tourists.
Lakes
The largest lake in Besmenia is Lake Septran (Besmenian: Septransee) in northern Besmenia, between the border of the federal states Summingia and Trissia.
Politics
Besmenia is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of thirdteen federal states.
The Federal Chamber and the Federal Senate usually exercise federal legislation together. The Federal Chamber, with its 427 members, is the dominant chamber and is elected according to the general, equal, direct and secret suffrage of all citizens over 16 years of age according to the principles of proportional representation. Its legislative period lasts four years if it is not shortened by the parliament itself or by the President and Federal Government through dissolution in order to enable new elections to be made earlier. The Federal Senat is appointed by the individual state parliaments according to the size of the population and thus represents the interests of the states in federal legislation in accordance with the federal principle.
The head of state is the president with primarily representative duties. He is elected directly by the people every 6 years.
The executive is formed at the federal level by the federal government, which consists of the Prime Minister as head of government and the federal ministers. Most federal ministries have their official seat in Laitstadt. Other federal ministries have their official seat since 1968 in Melmingia. At the state level, the governors (Landespräsident), in the city-state of Laitstadt, mayor of Laitstadt, directs the executive. The federal states are also parliamentary democracies and their heads of government are elected by the state parliaments (Landeskammer).
The head of government of Besmenia is the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President. Usually, after an election to the Federal Chamber, the top candidate of the political party with the strongest vote is charged with forming a government. But this is not a constitutional rule. As a result, the Federal Government, i.e. the Prime Minister, the Vice Prime Minster and all other federal ministers as a collegial body, is appointed by the President on the proposal of the Prime Minister (although the President can also reject proposals). The federal government and its members depend on the trust of the Federal Chamber, which is why minority governments have so far only been appointed in exceptional cases.
Government
 |
File:Elisabeth Rademacher3.png |
| Vincent von Schilling President since April 2021 |
Elisabeth Rademacher Prime Minister since September 2021 |
| Ministry | Minister | In office since | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Elisabeth Rademacher | 9 September 2021 | BVP |
| Vice Prime Minister Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs |
Ivar Combrinck | 9 September 2021 | SDU |
| Federal Ministry for Internal Affairs | Michael Ernstmann | 9 September 2021 | BVP |
| Federal Ministry for Defense | Gerhard Range | 9 September 2021 | BVP |
| Federal Ministry for Education and Science | Klaudia Folgmann | 9 September 2021 | SDU |
| Federal Ministry for the Environment | Anna Stucklein | 9 September 2021 | GPB |
| Federal Ministry for Finance | Uta Beller | 9 September 2021 | BVP |
| Federal Ministry for Culture and Sport | Matthias Schuto | 9 September 2021 | SDU |
| Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs | Dieter Schüssel | 9 September 2021 | SDU |
| Federal Ministry for Family and Youth | Susanne von Pechstein | 9 September 2021 | BVP |
| Federal Ministry for Health | Christian Gottlieb | 9 September 2021 | GPB |
| Federal Ministry for Transport and Traffic | Marianne Hiebstern | 9 September 2021 | BVP |
| Federal Ministry for Economy and Trade | Sabine Reitzer | 9 September 2021 | BVP |
| Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture | Marcel Rössner | 9 September 2021 | GPB |
| Federal Ministry for Justice | Jörg Lauberger | 9 September 2021 | SDU |
| Federal Ministry for Technical and Digital Development | Barbara Penning | 9 September 2021 | BVP |
| Federal Ministry for Special Affairs | Tom Nadel | 9 September 2021 | BVP |
Political parties
The Besmenian People's Party, the Free Besmenian Citizen's Party and the Social Democratic Union have been the largest popular parties in Besmenia since the 1940s. Since the late 20th century and early 21st century, parties such as the Green Party of Besmenia, the National Besmenian Party, and the Party of the Besmenian Left have also gained a large electorate.
Foreign relations
Besmenia has been a member of the Coalition of Crown Albatross since it's joining in 1982 after a referendum. The country was a founding menber of the Alliance of Nortuan States. Besmenia is since 1995 a member of the Coalition Trade Organization, and has a partnership with both the Western Euronia Defense Alliance since 2007. Besmenia maintains a friendly relationship with most countries on Iearth. Important allies of Besmenia are the member states of the Alliance of Nortuan States, Zamastan, most of the members of WEDA and the Sotoan Basin Union.
Military
The Besmenian Federal Army (Besmenische Bundesarmee) consist of around 197,000 active soldiers in 2020. The military service lasted eight months until January 1, 1986 and five months since then. National military defense is based on the general conscription of all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50. Women can do voluntary military service. Since 1983, conscripts who refuse military service for reasons of conscience have been able to do alternative military service. Since 1987 women have been allowed to do voluntary service in the Federal Army.
The federal army is divided into three areas: the Besmenian Army, the Besmenian Air Force and the Besmenian Navy.
Law enforcement
Administrative divisions
Besmenia is divided into thirteen federal states (Bundesländer), one of which is the capital Laitstadt, which has the status of an independent federal state since 1923. Each federal state has its own constitution, parliament and government.
All federal states except Laitstadt are divided into districts (Landbezirke), which in turn are divided into municipalities.
Economy
Besmenia, which operates with a social market economy, is a highly developed country and has a GDP of 5.72 trillion. It is the largest economy in Nortua and the fourth-largest economy in the world, with a highly skilled labor force, a low level of corruption, and a high level of innovation. The service sector contributes approximately 67% of the total GDP, industry 30%, and agriculture 1% as of 2019. The unemployment rate amounts to 4.1% as of January 2021, which is the fourth-lowest in Nortua after Elbresia, Versenia, and Saint Offeat.
The automotive industry in Besmenia is regarded as one of the most competitive and innovative in the world, and is the fifth largest by production. The top 10 exports of Besmenia are vehicles, machinery, chemical goods, electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, basic metals, food products, and rubber and plastics. Besmenia is one of the largest exporters globally.
Well-known international brands include the automobile manufacturer Trolander or the electronics manufacturer Petron AG. Laitstadt is a hub for startup companies and has become the leading location for venture capital funded firms in the Alliance of Nortuan States. Besmenia is recognized for its large portion of specialized small and medium enterprises.
Infrastructure
Energy
Transport
With its central position in Nortua, Besmenia is a transport hub for the continent. Its road network is among the densest in Nortua.
Tourism
Besmenia is one of the most visited countries in the world as of 2017, with 34.6 million visits. Laitstadt and Helmfurt are the fourth and fifth most visited cities in Nortua respectively, following Norasa, Allengin, and Autrataya. Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over 112.7 billion to Besmenian GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry supports 4.1 million jobs.
Besmenia's most visited and popular tourist landmarks include the Martin Beiter Tower, -insert other landmarks-.
Demographics
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1871 | 59,856,445 | — |
| 1881 | 60,367,221 | +0.9% |
| 1891 | 61,946,785 | +2.6% |
| 1901 | 62,896,556 | +1.5% |
| 1911 | 64,474,534 | +2.5% |
| 1921 | 65,864,553 | +2.2% |
| 1931 | 66,614,731 | +1.1% |
| 1941 | 67,812,111 | +1.8% |
| 1951 | 69,299,808 | +2.2% |
| 1961 | 70,003,464 | +1.0% |
| 1971 | 70,814,222 | +1.2% |
| 1981 | 71,603,635 | +1.1% |
| 1991 | 72,555,457 | +1.3% |
| 2001 | 73,691,009 | +1.6% |
| 2011 | 74,216,774 | +0.7% |
| 2021 | 75,279,857 | +1.4% |
The first census that meets today's criteria took place in the Kingdom of Besmenia in 1869.
Cities
|
Largest cities in Besmenia by population | |||||
| No. | CMA City |
Population | State | ||
| 1 | Laitstadt | 5,550,627 | - | ||
| 2 | Melmingia | 3,280,654 | Maurenmark | ||
| 3 | Helmfurt | 2,170,688 | Sedakania | ||
| 4 | Freiz | 1,652,532 | Summingia | ||
| 5 | Hetenberg | 1,404,593 | Lemberland | ||
| 6 | Samaroda | 935,384 | Maurenmark | ||
| 7 | Richtersberg | 905,532 | Greuningia | ||
| 8 | Lenzborn | 801,832 | Trissia | ||
| 9 | Lichtenberg | 749,384 | Sedakania | ||
| 10 | Eisenberg | 686,663 | Neidenstein-Sulzburg | ||
| 11 | Behringen | 607,937 | Metakumburg | ||
| 12 | Halsholm | 560,998 | Jakartaburg | ||
| 13 | Flommstein | 512,321 | Zollingia | ||
| 14 | Berkafurt | 399,222 | Frankenburg | ||
| 15 | Könlenz | 380,345 | Gablitz | ||
| 16 | St. Butz | 346,170 | Summingia | ||
| 17 | Revelfurt | 316,196 | Lemberland | ||
| 18 | Stühnau | 297,044 | Sedakania | ||
| 19 | Sulzburg | 268,525 | Neidenstein-Sulzburg | ||
| 20 | Fröndenbruck | 254,053 | Maurenmark | ||
Ethnic groups
Religion
Religions in Besmenia.
Languages
According to Article 6 of the Besmenian Basic Law, Besmenian is the official language of the Federal Republic of Besmenia. Besmenian is the native language of around 86.9% of Besmenian citizens.
In the state of Sedakania, Sedakanian is spoken in addition to Besmenian. At the time of the Kingdom of Sedakania, the language was one of the two official languages alongside Besmenian and was spoken as a native language by around 56% of the population at that time in 1870. When Sedakania was incorporated into Besmenia, Sedakanian was suppressed for about 91 years at the time of the Kingdom of Besmenia and the fascist regime in West Besmenia, which resulted in the number of speakers becoming increasingly narrow and becoming an endangered language in the 1950s. After the West Besmenian Revolution and the Besmenian reunification, the Besmenian government began to promote the language more.
Health
The average life expectancy in Besmenia in 2020 was 83.4 years, 86.5 years for women and 82.2 years for men.
Education
The Besmenian school policy is the responsibility of the federal states, but is coordinated by nationwide conferences of the education ministers, who also set common educational standards.
Culture
Holidays
Cuisine
Laitstädterschnitzel
Summingian goulash
Fried potatoes
Besmenian braised beef
Sedakanian Leberkäse
Säsebrot
Könlenzer cake
Media
Television
Television was introduced in Besmenia in 1939. In 1970 color television was introduced and in 1981 private television. In the public television sector, the BRF dominates with its owning TV channels, while in the privately financed television sector, channels such as VINCTV, BTV, VEGA or VEGA2 are dominating. Regional television channels have also increased significantly over the past few decades.
Art
Literature
The Besmenian literature goes back to the early Middle Ages, when the first medieval libraries with manuscripts and book illuminations emerged. The best-known Besmenian writers include Konrad Wolfgang and Siegfried Bacher, from the time of Constantioan rule, from the time of the Kingdom Hermann Berg and Theobald von Kanther, and from the time of the Besmenian division to the present day Friedrich Henneberg, Petra Ulmann, Gerhard Siegmann and Bernhard Flohn.
Sports
Football is the popular sport in Besmenia. The first football games took place in Besmenia around the 1860s, where it was very popular.
Summer sport
Winter sport
International sport events
Besmenia hosted the Summer Olympics (1976, 1990), the Winter Olympics (1957, 2001) and the World Cup (1986, 1999, 2013)
Music and film
Film
Besmenian film history is part of international film culture. It ranges from technical pioneering achievements to the early works of art in silent films and newly established genres to propaganda films, homeland films, auteur cinema, popular box office hits and Nortuan co-productions. The production of television films and series, advertising films, documentaries, cartoons and music videos is also part of filmmaking in Besmenia.
The first silent films were made in what was then the Kingdom of Besmenia as early as 1898. from 1913, however, production increased rapidly and reached its peak in the years after the Besmenian civil war. In the 1920s in East Besmenia, for example, numerous films were made about the civil war. The best-known of these films was The Heroes of the Civil War, which premiered in Laitstadt in 1928 and is now a classic in the Besmenian film history. There were also films about the Besmenian division for the first time from the 1930s. A particularly well-known film from the time about the Besmenian division was The Escape to East Besmenia from 1941. In West Besmenia this film was banned until the political upheaval in 1966.