Viafèra de Montecara: Difference between revisions

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| name                        = VM
| name                        = VM
| image                      = VM-logo.png
| image                      = VM-icon-bw.svg
| alt                        = VM logo
| alt                        = VM logo
| imagesize                  = 150px
| imagesize                  = 150px
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| caption3                    =  
| native_name                = <!-- use {{lang}} -->
| native_name                = <!-- use {{lang}} -->
| owner                      = State of Montecara
| owner                      = Government of Montecara
| area served                = [[Montecara]]
| area served                = [[Montecara]] and adjacent areas in [[Luzela]]
| locale                      =  
| locale                      =  
| transit_type                = {{wp|Regional rail}}, {{wp|rapid transit}}, {{wp|light railway}}, {{wp|tram}}, {{wp|bus}}, {{wp|ferry}}, {{wp|bicycle share}}
| transit_type                = {{wp|Regional rail}}<br />{{wp|Medium-capacity rail system|Light
etro}}<br />{{wp|Bus}}<br />{{wp|Ferry}}
| lines                      =  
| lines                      =  
* 9 rapid-transit lines
* 6 light-rail lines
* 22 tram lines
* 56 bus lines
* 19 coach lines
* 6 ferry lines
| stations                    =  
| stations                    =  
* 93 rapid-transit stations
| daily_ridership            =  
| daily_ridership            =  
| weekly_ridership            =
| weekly_ridership            =
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| headquarters                =  
| headquarters                =  
| website                    = [http://vm.mc vm.mc]
| website                    = [http://vm.mc vm.mc]
| began_operation            = 1887
| began_operation            =  
| operator                    =
| operator                    =
| marks                      =
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| vehicles                    =  
| vehicles                    =  
* 76 rapid-transit carriages
* 68 light-rail units
* 87 trams
* 137 buses
* 42 coaches
* 34 ferries
* 4 funiculars
* 920 bicycles
| train_length                =  
| train_length                =  
| headway                    =  
| headway                    =  
| system_length              = <!-- {{convert|0|mi|km|abbr=on}} -->
| system_length              = <!-- {{convert|0|mi|km|abbr=on}} -->
| notrack                    =
| notrack                    =
| track_gauge                = {{wp|Meter gauge}}
| track_gauge                = {{Track gauge|1500 mm|disp=1}}&nbsp;standard gauge<br /> {{Track gauge|1000 mm|disp=1}}&nbsp;meter gauge
| minimum_radius_of_curvature = <!-- {{convert|0|ft|0|in|mm|0}} -->
| minimum_radius_of_curvature = <!-- {{convert|0|ft|0|in|mm|0}} -->
| el                          = 25 {{wp|kV}} / 50 {{wp|Hz}} {{wp|Alternating current|AC}} {{wp|Overhead lines}}
| el                          = | el                          = 25 {{wp|Kilovolt|kV}} / 50 {{wp|Hz}} {{wp|Alternating current|AC}} {{wp|Overhead line|overhead lines}}<br />1,500&nbsp;{{wp|Volt|V}} {{wp|Direct current|DC}} {{wp|Overhead line|overhead lines}}<br />750&nbsp;V DC overhead lines
| average_speed              = <!-- {{convert|0|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} -->
| average_speed              = <!-- {{convert|0|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} -->
| top_speed                  = <!-- {{convert|0|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} -->
| top_speed                  = <!-- {{convert|0|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} -->
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}}
}}


'''VM''', officially '''Viafèra de Montecara''' ([[Montecaran language|Montecaran]], ''Railway of Montecara'') and colloquially known as '''Vimo''', is the state railway company and mass transit operator in [[Montecara]]. It was created as a public monopoly on 1 December 1941, amalgamating the trams and narrow-gauge steam and electric train lines that crisscrossed the island. It currently operates trains, trams, buses, ferries, and bicycle share.  
'''Viafèra de Montecara''' ('''VM''') ([[Montecaran language|Montecaran]], ''Railway of Montecara''), is a public transit provider based in [[Montecara]], with service extending to southeastern [[Luzela]]. It operates {{wp|Commuter rail|commuter rail}}, {{wp|Medium-capacity rail system|light metro}}, {{wp|Bus|bus}}, and {{wp|Ferry|ferry}} services.


==History==
== History ==
Rail transport in Montecara dates back to 1854, when the city-state’s first railroad was constructed from [[Porta Nuova]] to [[Gabalòn]], a distance of 12 km. The line carried cargo and passengers on trains powered by steam-driven locomotives, but was essentially a novelty until a more robust network of rails was developed over the following decades. Longer-distance services were complemented with local tram service beginning in 1867, when a single horse-drawn tram line began operating along Aviènd Zubizarreta. Early rail lines were built and operated as private ventures, most notably by the ''Conpània Integràl da Viafèra'' (CIV), a joint-stock corporation that aimed to dominate the domestic railway market.  
Rail transport in Montecara dates back to 1854, when the city-state’s first railroad was constructed from [[Porta Nuova]] to [[Gabalòn]], a distance of 12 kilometers. The line carried cargo and passengers on trains powered by primitive steam-driven locomotives. A robust network of rails was developed over the following decades, with services mostly taking the form of {{wp|interurban|interurbans}} that ran on dedicated right of way in the countryside and down city streets in built-up areas. A conversion process begun in 1935 was designed to integrate these disparate lines into a single network of interoperable, electrified passenger rail with occasional cargo service. Major construction was completed by 1939, and the system began full-capacity passenger operations in July of that year. The system has since been expanded in several phases, most recently with a 2.5-kilometer extension to [[San Teodòr]] in 2012.


==Payment==
== Governance ==
[[File:Metro Bilbao San Mamés 04.jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|Ticket vending machines at [[Àeroport station|Àeroport]]]]
VM is owned by the Montecaran state. It is managed by a board of directors appointed by the [[College of State (Montecara)|College of State]].
All services use a {{wp|proof of payment}} model without faregates; there are random ticket inspections aboard transit vehicles.


Tickets are sold at vending machines at train stations and many tram and bus stops, at ticket desks at major stations, at tobacconists' shops, and by mail. Tickets are not sold on board transit vehicles except for buses and trams, on which passengers may buy a single-ride ticket only (exact change in coins required). Tickets must be validated prior to use.
== Finances ==
=== Fares ===
[[File:Metro Bilbao San Mamés 04.jpg|300px|thumbnail|Ticket vending machines at [[Àeroport Enrico Dulio railway station]]]]
VM uses an {{wp|integrated ticketing}} model where tickets are valid for the entire system, regardless of mode, for a certain period of time.


{| class="wikitable floatright"
Tickets are sold at vending machines at all rail stations and many bus stops, at ticket desks at major stations, at tobacconists' shops, via {{wp|SMS}} and the VM mobile app, and by mail, but are not sold on board transit vehicles. Most residents of Montecara take advantage of the ability to use the [[Ùnivers card]], the national identification card, as a transit pass that can be loaded with fares online or at ticket machines. All fare media use {{wp|Near-field communication|NFC}} technology to validate fares.  
|-
! Ticket
! Regular fare
|-
| Single-ride (90 minutes)
| Ł10
|-
| Day pass
| Ł30
|-
| Three-day pass
| Ł60
|-
| Seven-day pass
| Ł120
|-
| Monthly pass
| Ł400
|-
| Annual pass
| Ł2400
|}
 
Most residents of Montecara take advantage of the ability to use the [[Ùnivers card]], the national identification card, as a transit pass. The Ùnivers card can be loaded with fares online or at ticket machines located at all rail stations, and inspectors are equipped with scanners that can quickly validate it.
 
Penalties for riding without a ticket vary from as low as Ł300 and ejection at the next stop for a first offense, to Ł1000 or more for repeat offenses. Penalties are administered and collected by VM and do not fall under criminal law. Traveling with an invalid ticket type, such as a reduced-fare ticket when ineligible for one, is treated the same as traveling without a ticket.
 
Reduced-fare tickets are half the regular price. They are available to passengers aged 62 or over, students, the disabled, and those receiving state aid. Reduced-fare tickets are sold at all ticket vending locations. It is up to the passenger to prove eligibility by carrying valid identification.


== Services  ==
=== Real estate ===
=== Intercity rail ===
VM owns a substantial portfolio of real estate, some of which it leases at a profit. Major sources of rental icome include {{wp|air rights}} over its facilities, telecommunications equipment such as {{wp|Cell site|cellular telephone masts}}, and retail at stations.
The longest-distance services that VM offers are branded as '''VM Intercità''' and connect Montecara with destinations in [[Florena]] and [[Etruria]] that are outside the range of transit or regional rail.  


== Services ==
=== Regional rail ===
=== Regional rail ===
Services that connect Montecara with relatively close points in Florena are branded as '''VM Rexiò'''. Trains generally stop at all stations and run at frequent and regular intervals throughout the day.
{{main|Viaurea}}
 
Viaurea is a regional rail network that runs between Montecara and destinations in southeastern Luzela. It includes connections to [[Precea]], [[Montecara–Enrico Dulio International Airport]], and [[Montecara Pòrta Conìxia railway station]].
=== Transit rail ===
[[File:213.77, Spain, Catalonia, Barcelona, railway station Monistrol de Montserrat (Trainpix 199419).jpg|200px|thumbnail|Metrovìa trainset en route to [[Iàlba station]]]]
[[File:Milano tram piazza Cavour.jpg|200px|thumbnail|Tranvìa vehicles entering and leaving the ''çìta'']]
VM operates three distinct types of rail transit: heavy-rail {{wp|rapid transit}} lines that are grade-separated and have high running speeds and limited stops; {{wp|light rail}} lines that are partially grade-separated and have moderate speeds and capacities; and a legacy {{wp|tram}} network that runs in mixed traffic and provides curbside service along its entire route.
 
Rapid transit and light rail routes are collectively branded as '''Metrovìa'''. These are designed to move passengers quickly between districts within the urban area of Montecara and between the center city and outlying areas. Stations are generally spaced between 500 and 1500 meters apart, equivalent to a 5 to 15-minute walk.  


The tram network, branded as '''Tranvìa''', operates smaller, older trams that are capable of climbing steep hills and navigating tight corners. These routes have been left in place because there is no viable modern alternative mode that is capable of serving their routes, which means that withdrawing service would leave residents of these areas with no access to any form of transit. Indeed, in many of these areas, they are the only means of wheeled transport aside from bicycles. Trams run daily from at least 6:00 to 23:00, though they may run less frequently during off-peak hours, weekends, and public holidays.
=== Metro ===
{{main|Metrovìa}}
[[File:213.77, Spain, Catalonia, Barcelona, railway station Monistrol de Montserrat (Trainpix 199419).jpg|300px|thumbnail|Metrovìa train en route to [[Iàlba station]]]]
Metrovìa is a {{wp|Medium-capacity rail system|light metro}} network made up of a combination of modern light rail and legacy {{wp|Metre-gauge railway|meter gauge}} tram lines. It runs mostly underground in the city center and on surface and elevated track in outlying areas. Stations are generally spaced between 500 and 1,500 meters apart, roughly equivalent to a 7- to 22-minute walk taking a direct route.


=== Bus ===
=== Bus ===
VM operates two types of {{wp|bus}} service: '''Autobùs''', a typical {{wp|transit bus}} service, and '''Corièra''', which provides longer-distance limited-stop services between the urban center of Montecara and outlying communes, particularly those not well-served by rail.
VM operates two types of {{wp|bus}} service: Autobùs, a typical {{wp|transit bus}} service, and Corièra, which provides longer-distance limited-stop services between the urban center of Montecara and outlying communes, particularly those not well-served by rail.


Autobùs vehicles have all been low-floor since 2009. Certain crowded areas have dedicated lanes and signal priority that allow buses to maintain a relatively high speed compared to other traffic. VM is in the process of converting its entire Autobùs fleet to electric buses, with the goal of having a 100% electric fleet by 2022.
Autobùs vehicles have all been low-floor since 2009. Certain crowded areas have dedicated lanes and signal priority that allow buses to maintain a relatively high speed compared to other traffic. VM is in the process of converting its entire Autobùs fleet to electric buses; the goal set in 2007 of having a 100% electric fleet by 2022 has been pushed back to 2030.


Corièra coaches are equipped with larger, more comfortable seats as well as a toilet and, in newer models, power outlets at every seat.
Corièra coaches are equipped with larger, more comfortable seats as well as a toilet and, in newer models, power outlets at every seat.


=== Ferry ===  
=== Ferry ===  
VM's ferry service is branded as '''Vaporèt'''. The Montecaran state took over a number of unprofitable ferry lines in 1890, turning them into a single public marine transit company that would later become part of VM. The service currently operates routes across the [[Bay of Montecara]], connecting areas that do not have direct links via bridges or tunnels.
VM's ferry service is branded as Vaporèt. The Montecaran state took over a number of unprofitable ferry lines in 1937, turning them into a single public marine transit company that would later become part of VM. The service currently operates routes across the [[Bay of Montecara]], connecting areas that do not have direct links via bridges or tunnels.
 
=== Bicycle share ===
[[File:Paris Velib' station no 04017 Place de l'Hôtel de Ville 20120512.jpg|200px|thumbnail|Bicycles at a Metrobìci station]]
The bicycle share system, '''Metrobìci''', debuted in 2006.


== Rolling stock ==
== Rolling stock ==
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
! Service
! Image
! Image
! Type
! Class
! Class
! Services
! Built
! Max. speed
! Floor height
! Notes
! Top speed
|-
! Formation
| [[File:802201 on daytime testing at Northallerton on the ECML.jpg|150px]]
! Total capacity<br />(seated + standing)
| Electric multiple unit
! Track gauge
| {{wp|British Rail Class 802|802}}
! Overall length
| Exprima
! Width
| 225 km/h
! Power
| Entered service 2018.
|-
| [[File:Örnsköldsvik Central Station 7.JPG|150px]]
| Electric multiple unit
| {{wp|SJ X55|X55}}
| Exprima
| 200 km/h
| Entered service 2000–2013.
|-
| [[File:SJ X2000 te Strömstad.JPG|150px]]
| Electric locomotive
| {{wp|SJ X2|X2}}
| Exprima, Direta
| 200 km/h
| Entered service 1989–1998. Refurbished 2003–2007 and 2018–2020.
|-
|-
| [[File:X40.jpg|150px]]
| '''Metrovìa'''
| Electric multiple unit
| [[File:Tren N430 de Manresa a Barcelona a SV.jpg|200px]]
| {{wp|SJ X40|X40}}
| {{nowrap|[https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rie_213_de_FGC CFP 213]}}
| Rexio
| 1999–present
| 200 km/h
| {{wp|High-floor}}
| Double-deck coaches. Entered service 2006–2019.
| 90 km/h
| 3 cars (2 powered; 2 complete units can be combined)
| 467 (128 seated + 339 standing)
| 1,000&nbsp;{{wp|Millimeter|mm}}
| 52&nbsp;{{wp|Meter|m}}
| 2.75&nbsp;m
| 1,500 {{wp|Volt|V}} {{wp|Direct current|DC}} {{wp|Overhead line|overhead line}}
|-
|-
| [[File:SJ Rc6 at Luleå C.JPG|150px]]
| '''Metrovia'''
| Electric locomotive
| [[File:ZaragozaTram.jpg|200px]]
| {{wp|SJ Rc|Rc}}
| {{nowrap|{{wp|CAF Urbos#CAF_Urbos_3|CFP U100}}}}
| Rexio
| 2011–present
| 160 km/h
| {{wp|Low-floor tram|Low-floor}} (356&nbsp;mm)
| Entered service 1967–1988.  
| 70 km/h
| 3, 5, or 7 cars
| 129 (3 cars)<br />221 (5 cars)<br />306 (7 cars)
| 1,000&nbsp;mm
| 18&nbsp;m (3 cars)<br />30&nbsp;m (5 cars)<br />{{nowrap|43&nbsp;m (7 cars)}}
| 2.30&nbsp;m
| 750 V DC overhead line
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 02:46, 30 December 2023

VM
VM logo
Overview
OwnerGovernment of Montecara
Area servedMontecara and adjacent areas in Luzela
Transit typeRegional rail
Light etro
Bus
Ferry
Websitevm.mc
Technical
Track gauge1,500 mm standard gauge
1,000 mm meter gauge
Electrification25 kV / 50 Hz AC overhead lines
1,500 V DC overhead lines
750 V DC overhead lines

Viafèra de Montecara (VM) (Montecaran, Railway of Montecara), is a public transit provider based in Montecara, with service extending to southeastern Luzela. It operates commuter rail, light metro, bus, and ferry services.

History

Rail transport in Montecara dates back to 1854, when the city-state’s first railroad was constructed from Porta Nuova to Gabalòn, a distance of 12 kilometers. The line carried cargo and passengers on trains powered by primitive steam-driven locomotives. A robust network of rails was developed over the following decades, with services mostly taking the form of interurbans that ran on dedicated right of way in the countryside and down city streets in built-up areas. A conversion process begun in 1935 was designed to integrate these disparate lines into a single network of interoperable, electrified passenger rail with occasional cargo service. Major construction was completed by 1939, and the system began full-capacity passenger operations in July of that year. The system has since been expanded in several phases, most recently with a 2.5-kilometer extension to San Teodòr in 2012.

Governance

VM is owned by the Montecaran state. It is managed by a board of directors appointed by the College of State.

Finances

Fares

Ticket vending machines at Àeroport Enrico Dulio railway station

VM uses an integrated ticketing model where tickets are valid for the entire system, regardless of mode, for a certain period of time.

Tickets are sold at vending machines at all rail stations and many bus stops, at ticket desks at major stations, at tobacconists' shops, via SMS and the VM mobile app, and by mail, but are not sold on board transit vehicles. Most residents of Montecara take advantage of the ability to use the Ùnivers card, the national identification card, as a transit pass that can be loaded with fares online or at ticket machines. All fare media use NFC technology to validate fares.

Real estate

VM owns a substantial portfolio of real estate, some of which it leases at a profit. Major sources of rental icome include air rights over its facilities, telecommunications equipment such as cellular telephone masts, and retail at stations.

Services

Regional rail

Main article: Viaurea

Viaurea is a regional rail network that runs between Montecara and destinations in southeastern Luzela. It includes connections to Precea, Montecara–Enrico Dulio International Airport, and Montecara Pòrta Conìxia railway station.

Metro

Main article: Metrovìa
Metrovìa train en route to Iàlba station

Metrovìa is a light metro network made up of a combination of modern light rail and legacy meter gauge tram lines. It runs mostly underground in the city center and on surface and elevated track in outlying areas. Stations are generally spaced between 500 and 1,500 meters apart, roughly equivalent to a 7- to 22-minute walk taking a direct route.

Bus

VM operates two types of bus service: Autobùs, a typical transit bus service, and Corièra, which provides longer-distance limited-stop services between the urban center of Montecara and outlying communes, particularly those not well-served by rail.

Autobùs vehicles have all been low-floor since 2009. Certain crowded areas have dedicated lanes and signal priority that allow buses to maintain a relatively high speed compared to other traffic. VM is in the process of converting its entire Autobùs fleet to electric buses; the goal set in 2007 of having a 100% electric fleet by 2022 has been pushed back to 2030.

Corièra coaches are equipped with larger, more comfortable seats as well as a toilet and, in newer models, power outlets at every seat.

Ferry

VM's ferry service is branded as Vaporèt. The Montecaran state took over a number of unprofitable ferry lines in 1937, turning them into a single public marine transit company that would later become part of VM. The service currently operates routes across the Bay of Montecara, connecting areas that do not have direct links via bridges or tunnels.

Rolling stock

Service Image Class Built Floor height Top speed Formation Total capacity
(seated + standing) 		Track gauge Overall length Width Power
Metrovìa Tren N430 de Manresa a Barcelona a SV.jpg CFP 213 1999–present High-floor 90 km/h 3 cars (2 powered; 2 complete units can be combined) 467 (128 seated + 339 standing) 1,000 mm 52 m 2.75 m 1,500 V DC overhead line
Metrovia ZaragozaTram.jpg CFP U100 2011–present Low-floor (356 mm) 70 km/h 3, 5, or 7 cars 129 (3 cars)
221 (5 cars)
306 (7 cars) 		1,000 mm 18 m (3 cars)
30 m (5 cars)
43 m (7 cars) 		2.30 m 750 V DC overhead line
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