Besmenia: Difference between revisions

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{{Region_icon_Ajax}}
 
{{WIP}}
{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|micronation =        <!--yes if a micronation-->
|micronation =        <!--yes if a micronation-->
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|alt_flag2 =          <!--alt text for second flag-->
|alt_flag2 =          <!--alt text for second flag-->
|flag2_border =      <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|flag2_border =      <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|image_coat = Coat of arms Besmenien.png
|image_coat = Old Besmenian coat of arm.png
|alt_coat =          <!--alt text for coat of arms-->
|alt_coat =          <!--alt text for coat of arms-->
|symbol_type =        <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)-->
|symbol_type =        <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)-->
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|other_symbol_type =  <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->
|other_symbol_type =  <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->
|other_symbol =
|other_symbol =
|image_map =[[File:Map of Besmenien.jpg|200px]]      <!--e.g. LocationCountry.svg-->
|image_map =[[File:New Besmenian Map4.png|200px]]      <!--e.g. LocationCountry.svg-->
|loctext =            <!--text description of location of country-->
|loctext =            <!--text description of location of country-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
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|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|capital = [[Lait City]]            <!--Name of country/territory's capital, wikilinked if link exists-->
|capital = [[Laitstadt]]            <!--Name of country/territory's capital, wikilinked if link exists-->
|coordinates =        <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} -->
|coordinates =        <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} -->
|largest_city =       <!--Name of country/territory's largest city. Use "capital" (without quotation marks) if it's the capital.-->
|largest_city = Laitstadt      <!--Name of country/territory's largest city. Use "capital" (without quotation marks) if it's the capital.-->
|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city-->
|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city-->
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement-->
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement-->
|official_languages = {{wp|Standard German|Besmenian}}
|official_languages = {{wp|Standard German|Besmenian}}
   <!--Languages recognised in legislation, constitution, etc-->
  <!--Languages recognised in legislation, constitution, etc-->
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
|regional_languages = [[Sedakanian]]  <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory-->
|regional_languages = [[wikipedia: Greek language|Utobanian]]  <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory-->
|languages_type =    <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional-->
|languages_type =    <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional-->
|languages =          <!--Languages of the further type-->
|languages =          <!--Languages of the further type-->
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|languages2 =        <!--Languages of this second further type-->
|languages2 =        <!--Languages of this second further type-->
|languages2_sub =    <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|languages2_sub =    <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|ethnic_groups = * 88,7% Besmenians
|ethnic_groups = Besmenians: 89%<br/>Others: 11%  <!--List/breakdown of ethnic groups within the country/territory-->
* 9,5% Slavs
|ethnic_groups_year = 2021<!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided)-->
* 1,8% others   <!--List/breakdown of ethnic groups within the country/territory-->
|ethnic_groups_year = 2019<!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided)-->
|ethnic_groups_ref =  <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->
|ethnic_groups_ref =  <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->
|religion = * 54,2% Orthodox
|religion = [[Besmenian orthodoxy]]: 52.5%<br/>Atheism: 30.4%<br/>Catholic: 10.4%<br/>Islam: 2.7%<br/>Buddhism: 1.8%<br/>Others: 2.2%<!--Religion-->
* 17,3% Catholic
|religion_year =      <!--Year of religion data (if provided)-->
* 3,4% Muslim
* 24,1% other/none        <!--Religion-->
|religion_year = 2019     <!--Year of religion data (if provided)-->
|religion_ref =      <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|religion_ref =      <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|demonym = Besmenian        <!--Term/s describing those associated with the country/territory (e.g. "Belgian" for the country Belgium)-->
|demonym = Besmenian        <!--Term/s describing those associated with the country/territory (e.g. "Belgian" for the country Belgium)-->
|government_type = {{wp|Federalism|Federal}} {{wp|parliamentary }} {{wp|republic}}      <!--(often a compound multi-wikilinked term, e.g. "Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic", etc)-->
|government_type = {{wp|Federalism|Federal}} {{wp|parliamentary }} constitutional {{wp|republic}}      <!--(often a compound multi-wikilinked term, e.g. "Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic", etc)-->
|leader_title1 =President       <!--(for a country, usually the head of state's (wikilinked) title, e.g. "President", "Monarch")-->
|leader_title1 =[[President of Besmenia|President]]        <!--(for a country, usually the head of state's (wikilinked) title, e.g. "President", "Monarch")-->
|leader_name1 = Sebastian Bergmann
|leader_name1 = [[Erika Badt-Springer]]
|leader_title2 = Prime Minister  <!--(could be "Vice President", otherwise "Prime Minster", etc, etc)-->
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Besmenia|Prime Minister]]  <!--(could be "Vice President", otherwise "Prime Minster", etc, etc)-->
|leader_name2 = Theodor Sidemann
|leader_name2 = [[Thomas Pühringer]]
|leader_title3 = [[President of the Federal Chamber]]  <!--(up to 14 distinct leaders may be included)-->
|leader_name3 = Barbara Schröder
<!--......-->
<!--......-->
|leader_title14 =      <!--(up to 14 distinct leaders may be included)-->
|leader_name14 =
|legislature =  <!--Name of the country/territory's governing body, e.g. "Parliament", "Congress", etc-->
|legislature =  <!--Name of the country/territory's governing body, e.g. "Parliament", "Congress", etc-->
|upper_house = Bundessenat  <!--Name of governing body's upper house, if given (e.g. "Senate")-->
|upper_house = [[Federal Senate (Besmenia)|Federal Senate]]  <!--Name of governing body's upper house, if given (e.g. "Senate")-->
|lower_house = [[Bundeskammer]]  <!--Name of governing body's lower house, if given (e.g. "Chamber of Deputies")-->
|lower_house = [[Federal Chamber (Besmenia)|Federal Chamber]]  <!--Name of governing body's lower house, if given (e.g. "Chamber of Deputies")-->
|sovereignty_type =  <!--Brief description of country/territory's status ("Independence [from...]", "Autonomous province [of...]", etc)-->
|sovereignty_type =  <!--Brief description of country/territory's status ("Independence [from...]", "Autonomous province [of...]", etc)-->
|sovereignty_note =  
|sovereignty_note =  
|established_event1 = [[Basic Law of Besmenien|Basic law adopted]] <!--First key event in history of country/territory's status or formation-->
|established_event1 = [[Basic Law of Besmenia|Basic law adopted]] <!--First key event in history of country/territory's status or formation-->
|established_date1 = July 2, 1920  <!--Date of first key event-->
|established_date1 = July 2, 1920  <!--Date of first key event-->
|established_event2 = Reunification<!--Second key event-->
|established_event2 = Reunification<!--Second key event-->
|established_date2 = September 14, 1949  <!--Date of second key event-->
|established_date2 = September 14, 1967  <!--Date of second key event-->
|established_event3 = Addmited to the CCA<!--Second key event-->
|established_date3 = December 15, 1982
<!--......-->
<!--......-->
|established_event13 = <!--(up to 13 distinct events may be included)-->
|established_event13 = <!--(up to 13 distinct events may be included)-->
|established_date13 =
|established_date13 =
|area_rank =  
|area_rank =  
|area =         <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area =       <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area_km2 = 300160 km²      <!--Major area size (in square km)-->
|area_km2 = 3,287,263    <!--Major area size (in square km)-->
|area_sq_mi =        <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_sq_mi =        <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_footnote =      <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|area_footnote =      <!--Optional footnote for area-->
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|area_label2 =        <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_label2 =        <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_data2 =        <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|area_data2 =        <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|population_estimate = *29,721,250 (2019)
|population_estimate = 78,816,711
*26,464,776 (2005)
|population_estimate_rank =  
|population_estimate_rank =  
|population_estimate_year =  
|population_estimate_year = 2022
|population_census =  
|population_census =  
|population_census_year =  
|population_census_year =  
|population_density_km2 = 99
|population_density_km2 = 22
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_rank =  
|population_density_rank =  
|nummembers =        <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
|nummembers =        <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
|GDP_PPP = $1,022 trillion           <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)-->
|GDP_PPP = $5,920 trillion         <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)-->
|GDP_PPP_rank =  
|GDP_PPP_rank =  
|GDP_PPP_year = 2019
|GDP_PPP_year = 2021
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $36,022
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $60,425
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =  
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =  
|GDP_nominal = $937,2 billion
|GDP_nominal = $5,35 trillion
|GDP_nominal_rank =  
|GDP_nominal_rank =  
|GDP_nominal_year = 2019
|GDP_nominal_year = 2022
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $31,536
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $49,835
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =  
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =  
|Gini =              <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)-->
|Gini =              <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)-->
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|HDI_rank =  
|HDI_rank =  
|HDI_ref =            <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
|HDI_ref =            <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
|currency = [[Besmenian Spero]] <!--Name/s of currency/ies used in country/territory-->
|currency = [[Besmenian schilling]] <!--Name/s of currency/ies used in country/territory-->
|currency_code = BS <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)-->
|currency_code = BS <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)-->
|time_zone =          <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
|time_zone =          <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
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|DST_note =          <!--Optional note regarding DST use-->
|DST_note =          <!--Optional note regarding DST use-->
|antipodes =          <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory-->
|antipodes =          <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory-->
|date_format =       <!--all-numeric date format and era, such as [[Common Era|CE]], [[Anno Domini|AD]], [[Hijri year|AH]], etc.; e.g. {{abbr|yyyy|year}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|dd|day}} ([[Anno Domini|AD]]) -->
|date_format = dd,mm,yyyy      <!--all-numeric date format and era, such as [[Common Era|CE]], [[Anno Domini|AD]], [[Hijri year|AH]], etc.; e.g. {{abbr|yyyy|year}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|dd|day}} ([[Anno Domini|AD]]) -->
|electricity =        <!--e.g. "230 V–50 Hz"-->
|electricity =        <!--e.g. "230 V–50 Hz"-->
|drives_on = right          <!--"right" or "left" (side of road)-->
|drives_on = right          <!--"right" or "left" (side of road)-->
|cctld = .bm             <!--Internet country code top-level domain identifier (e.g. [[.br]], [[.de]], etc)
|cctld = [[.bm]]             <!--Internet country code top-level domain identifier (e.g. [[.br]], [[.de]], etc)
|iso3166code =        <!--Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using "omit".-->
|iso3166code =        <!--Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using "omit".-->
|calling_code = +78      <!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc-->
|calling_code = +10      <!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc-->
|patron_saint =      <!--Use patron_saints for multiple-->
|patron_saint =      <!--Use patron_saints for multiple-->
|image_map3 =        <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
|image_map3 =        <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
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}}
}}


The '''Federal Republic of Besmenia''', commonly called '''Besmenia''', is a {{wp|German-speaking}} country [[Ajax|in the world]]. It is located in the east of [[Ajax#Continents|Belisaria]], bordering [[Drevstran]] to the north, a maritime border with [[Nachtmark]] to the southwest, and the [[Ajax|Periclean Sea]] to the east and south. The country is a {{wp|parliamentary democracy}}. The current [[President of Besmenien|President]] since 2015 is [[Sebastian Bergmann]]. The current [[Prime Minister of Besmenien|Prime Minister]] since 2012 is [[Theodor Sidemann]].
The '''Federal Republic of Besmenia''', commonly called '''Besmenia''', is a {{wp|German-speaking}} country in the [[Coalition of Crown Albatross]]. It is located in the east of [[Nortua]], bordering [[New Anea]] to the northwest, [[Xevus]], [[Utobania]] and [[Yubonia]] to the west, and [[Candatora]] to the east. The country is a federal {{wp|parliamentary democracy}}. The current [[President of Besmenia|President]] since 2024 is [[Erika Badt-Springer]]. The current [[Prime Minister of Besmenia|Prime Minister]] since 2024 is [[Thomas Pühringer]]. It is the most populous nation in Nortua with 78.8 million inhabitants.


In 1765, the first independent Besmenian state, the [[United States of Besmenia]] was founded after the Besmenian states got independence from [[Thraysia]]. In 1831 the USB was under the Heraldstein dynasty formed into the [[Kingdom of Besmenia]]. After the [[Besmenian Civil War]] from 1911 to 1920, Besmenia was divided under the [[Heraldstein-Müller contract]]. While [[West Besmenien|the kingdom]] continued to exist in the west, the [[East Besmenien|Federal Republic]] was founded in the east. The relationship between the two states [[Besmenian Division|was complicated]]. On November 5, 1949, the Kingdom {{wp|unification|merged}} into the Federal Republic. Thus, the Besmenian division ended after 29 years.  
In 1918 the East Besmenian states left the kingdom and formed the [[Confederation of East Besmenian States]] (KBS). The KBS had to fight in the [[Besmenian Civil War]] against the Kingdom of Besmenia for the continuation of their independence, which they won. With the [[Treaty of Freiz]], the kingdom accepted the independence of the KBS. On July 2, 1920, the Federal Republic of Besmenia was established on the territory of the KBS. The relationship between the two states [[Besmenian Division|was complicated]], since [[Karl Ochsenbein]] established a [[Besmenian Empire|fascist regime]] in West Besmenia in 1922. On September 14, 1967, West Besmenia {{wp|unification|merged}} into the Federal Republic. Thus, the Besmenian division ended after 49 years. On 11th April, 2022, the neighboring state [[Palingia]] joined as the 14th state of Besmenia


In February 1991, the [[Assassination of Martin Beiter|assassination of Martin Beiter]] occurred.
Besmenia is considered a wealthy country with a strong economy among [[Coalition of Crown Albatross|global]] competitors. Besmenia is a member of the [[Coalition Trade Organization]] and a founding member of the [[C21]], and the [[Alliance of Nortuan States]]. The headquarter of the ANS is located in Laitstadt.
 
Besmenia is a member of the [[Forum of Nations]]. The [[World Postal Union]], which is an agency of the Forum of Nations, is located in Lait City. Besmenia is considered a wealthy country with a strong economy among [[Ajax|global]] competitors.  


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
==History==
==History==
===Prehistory===
===Antiquity===
===Besmenia in the Constantio Empire===
[[File:ConstantioEmpireatHeight1766Updated.png|thumb|right|The Constantio Empire in 1766 expanded into Besmenian territory.]]
In 1718, emperor [[Politari II]] of the [[Constantio]] Empire led a series of conquests into the Besmenian territory during an expansion into central [[Nortua]]. While the Constantioans brought a series of transformations of Besmenia's political and military institutions in response to challenges like economic turmoil and cultural divisions, enabling it to successfully adapt to the new conditions of the last half of the century and remain powerful, Besmenia remained highly nationalistic against the Constantioan rule. In the late eighteenth century, an increase in secular learning led to the revival among Besmenia of the diaspora of the notion of a Besmenian nation tracing its existence to ancient Nortua, distinct from the other Nortuan peoples, and having a right to political autonomy.
====Independence====
As the [[Chezian Wars of Independence (1806-23)|Chezian Wars]] began to degrade the Constantio empire, rebellions in Besmenia erupted in the form of the [[Besmenian Independence War]]. Makeshift Besmenian armies battled with the Constantioan occupiers and managed to hit them back, with the both wars ended with the Constantio Empire's withdrawal in 1821. The endless military defeats and the wide range of conflicts strained the Constantio Empire, and Emperor [[Isidoros]] declared the dissolving of the empire on April 8th, 1827 with the [[Armistace of Gurikans]] in [[Syraranto]]. Independence came at a cost of more than 68,200 people who died during the war on the side of the Besmenians, while the Constantioans also sustained heavy casualties.
===Kingdom of Besmenia (1821-1923)===
====[[Besmenian-Tinegardian War]] (1844-1850)====
===Besmenian division (1918-1967)===
[[File:Divided Besmenia.png|175px|thumb|left|The divided Besmenia (1918-1967)]]
====[[Besmenian Civil War]] (1918-1920)====
====East Besmenia====
====West Besmenia====
=====Fascist regime under [[Karl Ochsenbein]] and [[Lars Schreim]] (1923-1966)=====
In the parliamentary election in [[1923 West Besmenian parliamentary election|1923]], the [[Besmenian National Union]] became the strongest party with 50.9% and was able to form the government on its own.
====Reunification process (1966-1967)====
[[File:JS and HL.png|200px|thumb|left|East Besmenian Prime Minister Schmidt and West Besmenian President Lommberg in [[Freiz]] to sign the [[Besmenian reunification treaty]] on June 25th, 1967.]]
On June 9, Rudolf Bötte proclaimed the [[Besmenian Republic]] on the territory of West Besmenia with him as President. Although the BNU was still the sole ruling party until November 1966, the party still concentrated on a democratic course. At that time, the BNU was developing from an ultra-national and fascist party more to a national-conservative party. In July 1966 Bötte resigned and was replaced by Hermann Himmerlich, who announced free parliamentary elections for October 1966 in the same month. On August 3, the [[State Security of Besmenia]] was dissolved.
[[File:BBZ July 1966.png|200px|thumb|right|Removal of the [[Inner Besmenian border]] (July 1966)]]
With the event of the end of the fascist regime and the opening of the [[Inner Besmenian border]] between West and East Besmenia in June 1966, Besmenian reunification was by no means decided. In East Besmenia, Prime Minister [[Johannes Schmidt]] is in favor of a quick reunification. In the [[1966 West Besmenian legislative election|free parliamentary election]] in West Besmenia in October 1966 the [[Democratic Besmenia]], which supports reunification, wins the election. The new West Besmenian government under President [[Horst Lommberg]] and the East Besmenian federal government begin negotiations on the Besmenian unity in December 1966. With the [[Treaty of Melmingia]], which governs the monetary, economic and social policy of the future reunified Besmenia, West Besmenia takes over the East Besmenian economic system on May 1st, 1967 and introduces the East [[Besmenian schilling]] as currency. The [[Besmenian reunification treaty]] [[1967 Freiz Summit|passed]] in [[Freiz]] in June 1967 came into force on September 14, 1967 and ended the almost 50-year division on that day.
===Reunited Besmenia since 1967===
The Besmenian reunification took place on September 14, 1967 when West Besmenia joined the Federal Republic of Besmenia; this day of Besmenian unity became a national holiday. After a brief boom in reunification, the late 1960s and the early 1970s were characterized by economic stagnation, mass unemployment and a “reform backlog”. The West Besmenian states in particular did not develop as quickly as hoped after the introduction of the social market economy. It was not until the mid and late 1970s that the new West Besmenian states stabilized socially and economically.
[[File:Laitstadt protests1972.png|200px|thumb|right|Protests in [[Laitstadt]] against the commitment of the BVP-BRP government on September 26, 1972]]
In the [[1972 Besmenian federal election|1972 federal election]], the BVP became the strongest party under [[Robert Gleitzmann]]. Gleitzmann then formed a coalition with the right-wing populist [[Besmenian Republican Party|BRP]], which aroused criticism in Besmenia (particularly in the West Besmenian states) and internationally because of the fact that some BRP politicians, who were represented in the Gleitzmann government, were former members of the [[Besmenian National Union]], and there were some [[Ochsenbeinism|Ochsenbeinian]] alignments in the party. Through the Gleitzmann program, West Bsmenia achieved economic growth in the mid-1970s. The BVP-BRP coalition was continued after the [[1976 Besmenian federal election|1976 federal election]], but caused a lot of criticism in the 1976-1980 legislative period, especially about Gleitzmann's resistance to the [[Coalition of Crown Albatross]].
[[File:Martin Beiter1990.png|170px|thumb|left|[[Martin Beiter]], [[Prime Minister of Besmenia]] from 1980 to 1991, is today considered one of the most popular former PMs in recent history.]]
After the [[1980 Besmenian federal election|1980 federal election]], the [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|FBBP]] under [[Martin Beiter]] became the strongest party again for the first time since 1952 and, with the approval of the president, formed a minority government with the [[Social Democratic Union|SDU]], subject to new elections in August 1981. In the [[1981 Besmenian federal election|1981 federal election]], the FBBP-SDU coalition got the majority. Under Martin Beiter there were profound changes in social, educational and health policy. In 1982 Besmenia joined the [[Coalition of Crown Albatross]] after a [[1982 Besmenian CCA membership referendum|referendum]]. Together with [[Elbresia]], [[Versenia]] and the [[Arenoran Isles]], Besmenia founded the [[Alliance of Nortuan States]] in the summer of 1989.
In September 1983, under the name [[Gleitzmann scandal]] , the corruption cases and illicit BVP party donations made by Gleitzmann during his time as Prime Minister are exposed and made known to the public. Three days after the discovery, Gleitzmann resigned from his position as party chairman. The Gleitzmann scandal led to a crisis in the Besmenian domestic politics, in the BVP and in the BRP.
On May 5, 1991 PM Martin Beiter was [[Assassination of Martin Beiter|assassinated]] by the mentally ill [[Michael-Joe Lammer]] witwith two gun shots after an election campaign for the [[1991 Maurenmark state election]] in an restaurant in [[Melmingia]]. The assassination of Beiter triggered a wave of mourning in Besmenia and International. Federal Minister for Post and Communication [[Kurt Stöger]] was appointed as new PM on February 15th.
In the [[1993 Besmenian federal election|1993 federal election]], the [[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]] was again the strongest party under [[Erik Tautenbach]]. Together with the [[Green Party of Besmenia|GPB]], Tautenbach formed the first blue-green coalition in Besmenia. Tautenbach's 8-year tenure and cooperation with the green party was characterized by a strengthening in environmental policy and Besmenia's nuclear phase-out, which was decided in 1995 after a [[1995 Besmenian referendum to phase out nuclear power|referendum]] as a reaction of the [[Treviso Nuclear Crisis]] in January 1992. Besmenia was also a founding member of the [[Coalition Trade Organization]] and the [[C21]] during Tautenbach's tenure.
===21st century===
In the [[2001 Besmenian federal election|2001 election]], the FBBP was again the strongest party under [[Ursula Kummstein]]. Kummstein became the first female Prime Minister and formed a coalition with the SDU (2001-2005) and with the BVP (2005-2010). During Kummstein's tenure there were changes in economic, social and foreign policy. Under Kummstein, Besmenia and the [[Western Euronia Defense Alliance]] agreed a partnership in 2007, with the focus on the exchange of military weapons and technologies. From the late 2000s, Kummstein's unpopularity increased. During this period, the FBBP also suffered a loss of votes in all regional elections. When the FBBP became in the [[2011 Neidenstein-Sulzburg state election]] third with 18.8%, Kummstein announced in January 2011 her resignation as Prime Minister and FBBP chairwoman. She was followed by [[Jörg Rautenberg]], who was Federal Minister for Foregin Affairs from 2005 to 2011.
After a change at the top of BVP in March 2012, the new party chairman [[Theodor Sidemann]] was against a continuation of the government coalition with the FBBP, whereupon [[2012 Besmenian federal election|early elections]] were set, in which the BVP became the strongest party. Between 2012 and 2016, Sidemann formed a coalition with the SDU, the first BVP-SDU government at the federal level sice 40 years. After the [[2016 Besmenian federal election|2016 federal election]], Sidemann formed a coalition with the FBBP under the new FBBP party chairman [[Frank Hille]] as Vice Prime Minister, which was controversial due to Hille's political views. After the [[2020 Besmenian federal election|2020 federal election]], the coalition continued.
Besmenia's neighboring country Palingia joined as the 14th state of Besmenia on April 11, 2022, after lengthy negotiations and a referendum.
==Geography==
[[File:Geo Besmenia.png|200px|thumb|left|Geograpical map of Besmenia.]]
Besmenian lies in the northeast of the continent [[Nortua]]. The land covers an area of 3,287,263 km2, making it one of the largest countries in Nortua. The northern part of Besmenia is largely characterized by flatlands, while the southern part is mountainous.
=== Forrests ===
One of the most famous forests in the country is the [[Frankenburgian forest]]. The Frankenburgian forest is a forested mountain range located in [[Frankenburg]] and [[Zollingia]].
===Lakes===
[[File:LakeSeptranmap.png|150px|thumb|right|Map of [[Lake Septran]]]]
The largest lake in Besmenia is [[Lake Septran]] (Besmenian: ''Septransee'') in northern Besmenia, between the border of the federal states [[Summingia]] and [[Tergau]].
==Politics==
{{main|Politics of Besmenia}}
{{main|Elections in Besmenia}}
[[File:Besmenian political system.png|200px|thumb|right|Political system of Besmenia]]
Besmenia is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of fourthteen federal states.


The [[Federal Chamber (Besmenia)| Federal Chamber]] and the [[Federal Senate (Besmenia)|Federal Senate]] usually exercise federal legislation together. The Federal Chamber, with its 443 members, is the dominant chamber and is elected according to the general, equal, direct and secret suffrage of all citizens over 16 years of age according to the principles of proportional representation. Its legislative period lasts four years if it is not shortened by the parliament itself or by the President and Federal Government through dissolution in order to enable new elections to be made earlier. The Federal Senat is appointed by the individual state parliaments according to the size of the population and thus represents the interests of the states in federal legislation in accordance with the federal principle.


==Government and politics==
The head of state is the [[President of Besmenia|president]] with primarily representative and ceremonial duties. He is elected directly by the people every 6 years.
===Politics===
 
{| class="wikitable"
The executive is formed at the federal level by the federal government, which consists of the [[Prime Minister of Besmenia|Prime Minister]] as head of government and the federal ministers. Most federal ministries have their official seat in [[Laitstadt]]. Other federal ministries have their official seat since 1968 in [[Melmingen]]. At the state level, the governors (''Landespräsident''), in the city-state of [[Laitstadt]], mayor of Laitstadt, directs the executive. The federal states are also parliamentary democracies and their heads of government are elected by the state parliaments (''Landeskammer'').
 
The head of government of Besmenia is the [[Prime Minister of Besmenia|Prime Minister]], who is appointed by the President. Usually, after an election to the Federal Chamber, the top candidate of the political party with the strongest vote is charged with forming a government. But this is not a constitutional rule. As a result, the Federal Government, i.e. the Prime Minister, the [[Vice Prime Minister of Besmenia|Vice Prime Minster]] and all other federal ministers as a collegial body, is appointed by the President on the proposal of the Prime Minister (although the President can also reject proposals). The federal government and its members depend on the trust of the Federal Chamber, which is why minority governments have so far only been appointed in exceptional cases.
===Government===
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|-
|-
| [[File:Sebastian Bergmann.jpg|155px]] ||[[File:Theodor Sidemann.jpg|155px]]
| [[File:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (2024, cropped).jpg|146px]]||[[File:2023-04-27 Sitzung des Abgeordnetenhauses von Berlin by Sandro Halank–110.jpg|146px]]
|-
|-
| Sebastian Bergmann <br> President since 2015 || [[Theodor Sidemann ]] <br> Prime Minister since 2012
| [[Erika Badt-Springer]] </br> President since </br> April 2024 || [[Thomas Pühringer]] </br> Prime Minister since </br> March 2024
|}
|}
Besmenia is a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic republic. Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the [[Federal Chamber]] and the [[Federal Senate]], which together form the legislative body. The Federal Chamber is elected through direct elections, by proportional representation (mixed-member).The members of the Federal Chamber represent the governments of the twelve states and are members of the state cabinets. The Besmenian political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1920 constitution known as the Grundgesetz ([[Basic Law of Besmenia]]).


The president, currently [[Sebastian Bergmann]], is the head of state and invested primarily with representative responsibilities and powers. He is since 1943 elected by direct popular vote. The second-highest official in the Besmenian order of precedence is the President of the Federal Chamber, who is elected by the Federal Chamber and responsible for overseeing the daily sessions of the body. The third-highest official and the head of government is the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President after being elected by the Federal Chamber. The prime minister , currently [[Theodor Sidemann]], is the head of government and exercises executive power through their Cabinet.


'''Current cabinet'''
'''[[Pühringer cabinet|Current cabinet]]'''
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Ministry !! Minister !! In office since  !! Party
! Ministry !! Minister !! In office since  !! Party
|-
|-
| President || [[Sebastian Bergmann]]  || 2 April 2015 || GPB
| [[Prime Minister of Besmenia|Prime Minister]] || [[Thomas Pühringer]]  || 15 March 2024 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
| [[Vice Prime Minister of Besmenia|First Vice Prime Minister]]<br/> [[Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs]] || [[Ivar Combrinck]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#FF0000; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|{{color|white|SDU}}]]
|-
| [[Vice Prime Minister of Besmenia|Second Vice Prime Minister]]<br/>[[Federal Ministry for the Environment (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for the Environment]] || [[Lilia Mihailova]] || 3 September 2023 || style="background:#32CD32; color:white;"|[[Green Party of Besmenia|{{color|white|GPB}}]]
|-
| [[Federal Ministry for Internal Affairs (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Internal Affairs]]  || [[Michael Ernstmann]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
| [[Federal Ministry for Defense (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Defense]] || [[Gerhard Range]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
| [[Federal Ministry for Education and Science (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Education and Science]] || [[Klaudia Folgmann]] || 9 September 2021  || style="background:#FF0000; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|{{color|white|SDU}}]]
|-
|-
| Prime Minister || [[Theodor Sidemann]] || 3 September 2012 || BVP
 
| [[Federal Ministry for Finance (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Finance]] || [[Uta Scholz-Beller]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry of Finance  || [[Frank Hille]] || 7 September 2016 || BVP
| [[Federal Ministry for Culture and Sport (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Culture and Sport]] || [[Matthias Schuto]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#FF0000; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|{{color|white|SDU}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry of Foreign relations  || [[Derrick Württenberg]] || 7 September 2016 || FBBP
| [[Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs]] || [[Dieter Schüssel]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#FF0000; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|{{color|white|SDU}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry of Defense || [[Joachim Weigand]] || 3 September 2012 || BVP
| [[Federal Ministry for Family and Youth (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Family and Youth]]  || [[Susanne Pechstein]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry of Education || [[Susanne Treu]] || 4 March 2019  || BVP
| [[Federal Ministry for Health (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Health]] || [[Christian Gottlieb]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#32CD32; color:white;"|[[Green Party of Besmenia|{{color|white|GPB}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry of the Environment || [[Brigitte Müller]] || 7 September 2016 || FBBP 
| [[Federal Ministry for Traffic and Infrastructure (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for  Traffic and Infrastructure]]  || [[Marianne Hiebstern-Brecht]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry of Internal Affairs || [[Lars Tecker]] || 3 September 2012 || BVP
| [[Federal Ministry for Economy and Trade (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Economy and Trade]] || [[Sabine Reitzer]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs || [[Daniel Adler]] || 16 August 2019 || FBBP
| [[Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture]] || [[Alexander Kratschmann]] || 4 April 2022 || style="background:#32CD32; color:white;"|[[Green Party of Besmenia|{{color|white|GPB}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry for Family and Youth  || [[Marie Fliedermann]] || 7 September 2016 || BVP
| [[Federal Ministry for Justice (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Justice]] || [[Jörg Lauberger]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#FF0000; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|{{color|white|SDU}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry of Health  || [[Tom Hartung]] || 15 November 2017 || BVP
| [[Federal Ministry for Technical and Digital Development (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Technical and Digital Development]] || [[Kathrin Höcker-Schmidt]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry of Economy || [[Lisa Nowack]] || 7 September 2016 || FBBP
| [[Federal Ministry for Affairs of the Federal States (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Affairs of the Federal States]] || [[Lisa Schmidt]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#32CD32; color:white;"|[[Green Party of Besmenia|{{color|white|GPB}}]]
|-
|-
| Ministry for Food and Agriculture || [[Karsten Lux]] || 7 September 2016 || FBBP
|[[ Federal Ministry for Special Affairs (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry for Special Affairs]] || [[Tom Nadel]] || 9 September 2021 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|}
|}
===Political parties===
{{main|List of political parties in Besmenia}}
The [[Besmenian People's Party]], the [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party]] and the [[Social Democratic Union]] have been the largest popular parties in Besmenia since the 1940s. Since the late 20th century and early 21st century, parties such as the [[Green Party of Besmenia]], the [[National Besmenian Party]], and the [[Party of the Besmenian Left]] have also gained a large electorate.


===Foreign relations===
===Foreign relations===
Besmenia has been a member of the [[Coalition of Crown Albatross]] since it's joining in 1982 after a [[1982 Besmenian CCA membership referendum|referendum]]. The country was a founding menber of the [[Alliance of Nortuan States]] in 1989, and of the [[Coalition Trade Organization]] in 1995. Besmenia has a partnership with the [[Western Euronia Defense Alliance]] since 2007. Besmenia maintains a friendly relationship with most countries on [[Iearth]]. Important allies of Besmenia are the member states of the Alliance of Nortuan States, most of the members of WEDA and the [[Sotoan Basin Union]].
The Besmenian capital, Laitstadt, became the official seat of the Alliance of Nortuan States after it's formation. Laitstadt is one of the two ANS capitals, along with [[Allengin]], where the [[Nortuan Congress]] is located.
In the Besmenian federal government, responsibility for foreign policy lies with the [[Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Besmenia)|Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]. The current foreign minister is [[Ivar Combrinck]] ([[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|SDU]]).
===Military===
===Military===
[[Besmenian Federal Army]]
[[File:Pinzgauer Typ712M Austria 2.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Mountain vehicle of the [[Besmenian Ground Forces]].]]
{{main|Besmenian Federal Army}}
The [[Besmenian Federal Army]] (''Besmenisches Bundesheer'') consist of around 197,000 active soldiers in 2020. The military service lasted eight months until January 1, 1986 and five months since then. National military defense is based on the general conscription of all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50. Women can do voluntary military service. Since 1983, conscripts who refuse military service for reasons of conscience have been able to do alternative military service. Since 1987 women have been allowed to do voluntary service in the Federal Army.
 
The federal army is divided into three areas: the [[Besmenian Land Force]], the [[Besmenian Air Force]] and the [[Besmenian Navy]].
 
===Law enforcement===
===Law enforcement===
===Administrative divisions===
===Administrative divisions===
[[Administrative divisions of Besmenia]]
{{main|Administrative divisions of Besmenia}}
Besmenia is divided into fourteen federal states (''Bundesländer''), one of which is the capital Laitstadt, which has the status of an independent federal state since 1923. Each federal state has its own constitution, parliament and government.


All federal states except Laitstadt are divided into districts (''Landbezirke''), which in turn are divided into municipalities.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Federal states of Besmenia
|-
! scope="col" | '''Name''' !! scope="col" | '''Capital''' !! scope="col" | '''Population''' !! scope="col" | '''Location'''
|-
|{{flag|Frankenburg}}
|[[Berkafurt]]
| 2,844,953
! rowspan="14" style="width:4em; background:#fff;"| {{Besmenia labelled map|float=center}}
|-
|[[Gablitz]]
|[[Könlenz]]
| 3,309,003
|-
|{{flag|Greuningia}}
|[[Richtersberg]]
| 5,754,660
|-
| [[Jakartaburg]]
| [[Halsholm]]
| 4,376,674
|-
| {{flag|Laitstadt}}
| -
| 5,550,627
|-
| {{flag|Lemberland}}
| [[Hetenberg]]
| 6,077,384
|-
| {{flag|Maurenmark}}
| [[Melmingen]]
| 9,101,840
|-
| [[Metakumburg]]
| [[Behringen]]
| 4,173,197
|-
| {{flag|Neidenstein-Sulzburg}}
| [[Eisenberg]]
| 4,676,423
|-
| {{flag|Palingia}}
| [[Treunitz]]
| 3,036,854
|-
| {{flag|Sedakania}}
| [[Helmfurt]]
| 11,782,305
|-
| [[Summingia]]
| [[Freiz]]
| 7,273,037
|-
| [[Tergau]]
| [[Lenzborn]]
| 5,444,956
|-
| [[Zollingia]]
| [[Flommstein]]
| 4,914,800
|}


==Economy==
==Economy==
[[File:Besmenian tram.jpg|145px|thumb|right|The ST2U, which was produced from 1973 to 2001, was one of the most exported trams in the 20th century.]]
[[File:Frankfurt.Bankenviertel.20150605.jpg|220px|thumb|left|Financial center of Laitstadt]]
Besmenia has a social market economy with a highly skilled labour force, a large capital stock, a low level of corruption, and a high level of innovation. The unemployment rate amounts to 4.7% in February 2018. The top 10 exports of Besmenien are vehicles, trams, chemical goods, electronic products, electrical equipments, pharmaceuticals, transport equipments, basic metals, food products, and rubber and plastics.
[[File:Volkswagen 1200, 1961 1.jpg|210px|thumb|left|The Besmenian [[Trolander KW]] was one of the bestselling cars in the 20th century.]]
{{main|Economy of Besmenia}}
{{main|List of Besmenian companies}}
[[File:Besmenian BS20 banknote.png|220px|thumb|righ|The Besmenian [[Besmenian schilling|BS]] 20 banknote, featuring [[Martin Beiter]]. ]]
Besmenia, which operates with a social market economy, is a highly developed country and has a GDP of 5.72 trillion. It is the largest economy in [[Nortua]] and the [[List of countries by GDP (Iearth)|fourth-largest economy]] in [[Iearth|the world]], with a highly skilled labor force, a low level of corruption, and a high level of innovation. The service sector contributes approximately 67% of the total GDP, industry 30%, and agriculture 1% as of 2019. The unemployment rate amounts to 4.1% as of January 2021, which is the fourth-lowest in Nortua after [[Elbresia]], [[Versenia]], and [[Saint Offeat]].


==Geography and climate==
The automotive industry in Besmenia is regarded as one of the most competitive and innovative in the world, and is the fifth largest by production. The top 10 exports of Besmenia are vehicles, machinery, chemical goods, electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, basic metals, food products, and rubber and plastics. Besmenia is one of the largest exporters globally.
Besmenia is located in the east of Belisaria. The country has a border with Drevstran in the north. Besmenia has also a maritime border with [[Nachtmark]] to the southwest, and the [[Ajax|Periclean Sea]] to the east and south.  


=== Forrests ===
Well-known international brands include the automobile manufacturer [[Trolander]] or the electronics manufacturer [[Petron AG]]. [[Laitstadt]] is a hub for startup companies and has become the leading location for venture capital funded firms in the [[Alliance of Nortuan States]]. Besmenia is recognized for its large portion of specialized small and medium enterprises.
===Infrastructure===
====Energy====
====Transport====
[[File:Besmenian motorway map.png|220px|thumb|right|Map of the Besmenian motorway network.]]
With its central position in Nortua, Besmenia is a transport hub for the continent. Its road network is among the densest in Nortua.


Besmenia is 44% covered with forest. One of the most famous forests in the country is the "Sümminger Wald". The Sümminger Wald is a forested low mountain range in the state of Sümmingen. The Sümminger Wald is about 70 kilometers long and 29 kilometers wide.
=====Air traffic=====
[[File:Felixberg.jpg|200px|thumb|left|The Felixberg with the transmitter on  the top.]]
Air traffic is of great importance for the longer domestic connections, for example from [[Frankenburg]] to [[Laitstadt]]. Almost every medium-sized and large city has a commercial airport.
The entire area around it is protected. On the highest mountain in the Sümminger forest is the Felixberg, which is also a popular destination of tourists. On the Felixberg, there is a transmitter system of the ''Besmenischer Rundfunk''. There is also an observation tower there.


=== Lakes ===
===Tourism===
Besmenia is one of the most visited countries in the world as of 2017, with 34.6 million visits. Laitstadt and [[Helmfurt]] are the fourth and fifth most visited cities in Nortua respectively, following [[Norasa]], [[Allengin]], and [[Autrataya]]. Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over 112.7 billion to Besmenian GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry supports 4.1 million jobs.


The largest lake in Besmenia is the "Könlenzer See" in the state of Ostlemberland. The lake is used for leisure activities. The sports of sailing, surfing, diving and swimming can already be practiced. At 177 meters, it is also the deepest lake in Besmenien.
Besmenia's most visited and popular tourist landmarks include the [[Martin Beiter Tower]], -insert other landmarks-.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|1871 | 59,856,445
|1881 | 60,367,221
|1891 | 61,946,785
|1901 | 62,896,556
|1911 | 64,474,534
|1921 | 65,864,553
|1931 | 66,614,731
|1941 | 67,812,111
|1951 | 69,299,808
|1961 | 70,003,464
|1971 | 70,814,222
|1981 | 71,603,635
|1991 | 72,555,457
|2001 | 73,691,009
|2011 | 74,216,774
|2021 | 75,279,857
|2022 | 78,316,711
}}
{{See also|List of censuses in Besmenia}}
The first census that meets today's criteria took place in the Kingdom of Besmenia in 1869.
===Cities===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|colspan=6|
'''Largest cities in Besmenia by population
|-
|No.
|CMA<br>{{small|City}}
|colspan=1|Population
|colspan=1|State
|-
|style="background-color:green; color:white;"|1
|'''[[Laitstadt]]'''
|5,550,627
| -
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|2
|'''[[Melmingen]]'''
|2,680,654
|[[Maurenmark]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|3
|'''[[Helmfurt]]'''
|2,060,688
|[[Sedakania]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|4
|'''[[Freiz]]'''
|1,652,532
|[[Summingia]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|5
|'''[[Hetenberg]]'''
|1,404,593
|[[Lemberland]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|6
|'''[[Richtersberg]]'''
|905,532
|[[Greuningia]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|7
|'''[[Samaroda]]'''
|815,384
|[[Maurenmark]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|8
|'''[[Lenzborn]]'''
|801,832
|[[Tergau]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|9
|'''[[Lichtenberg]]'''
|749,384
|[[Sedakania]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|10
|'''[[Eisenberg]]'''
|686,663
|[[Neidenstein-Sulzburg]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|11
|'''[[Behringen]]'''
|607,937
|[[Metakumburg]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|12
|'''[[Halsholm]]'''
|560,998
|[[Jakartaburg]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|13
|'''[[Flommstein]]'''
|512,321
|[[Zollingia]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|14
|'''[[Treunitz]]'''
|446,858
|[[Palingia]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|15
|'''[[Berkafurt]]'''
|399,222
|[[Frankenburg]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|16
|'''[[Könlenz]]'''
|380,345
|[[Gablitz]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|17
|'''[[St. Butz]]'''
|346,170
|[[Summingia]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|18
|'''[[Revelfurt]]'''
|316,196
|[[Lemberland]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|19
|'''[[Stühnau]]'''
|297,044
|[[Sedakania]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|20
|'''[[Sulzburg]]'''
|268,525
|[[Neidenstein-Sulzburg]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|21
|'''[[Fröndenbruck]]'''
|254,053
|[[Maurenmark]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|22
|'''[[Hovat]]'''
|210,012
|[[Palingia]]
|-
|style="background:green; color:white;"|23
|'''[[Köstritz]]'''
|205,358
|[[Greuningia]]
|}
===Ethnic groups===
===Ethnic groups===
===Religion===
===Religion===
{{Pie chart
| caption= Religions in Besmenia.
| other = yes
| label1 = Catholic
| value1 = 46.5 | color1 = blue
| label2 = Atheism
| value2 = 30.4 | color2 = #D3D3D3
| label3 = Orthodoxy
| value3 = 15.4 | color3 = cyan
| label4 = Islam
| value4 = 3.9 | color4 = green
| label5 = Judaism
| value5 = 1.7 | color5 = red
| label6 = Buddhism
| value6 = 1.1 | color6 = gold
}}
===Languages===
===Languages===
Besmenian is the official language. In the state of Sedakania is the regional language Sedakanian. Sedakanian is a slavic language with Besmenian elements. This language was after Besmenian the second official language in the Kingdom of Sedakania (1765-1831).
According to Article 6 of the Besmenian Basic Law, Besmenian is the official language of the Federal Republic of Besmenia. Besmenian is the native language of around 89.9% of Besmenian citizens.  
===Health===
===Health===
The average life expectancy in Besmenia in 2020 was 83.4 years, 86.5 years for women and 82.2 years for men.
===Education===
===Education===
{{Main|Education in Besmenia}}
The Besmenian school policy is the responsibility of the federal states, but is coordinated by nationwide conferences of the education ministers, who also set common educational standards.
==Culture==
==Culture==
===Holidays===
{{Main article|Public holidays in Besmenia}}
===Cuisine===
===Cuisine===
<center><gallery>
File:Wiener-Schnitzel02.jpg| Laitstädterschnitzel
File:Austrian Goulash.jpg| Summingian goulash
File:Bratkartoffeln 1024 768.jpg|Fried potatoes
File:Wiki Loves Monuments 2012 Kickoff-Seminar-by-RaBoe-030.jpg|Besmenian braised beef
File:Leberkäse-1.jpg|Sedakanian Leberkäse
File:Croque monsieur.jpg|Säsebrot
File:Foto.Linzertorte.JPG|Könlenzer cake
</gallery></center>
===Media===
===Media===
The oldest newspaper that still appears today is the ''Nordbesmenische Zeitung'', which has been published since 1849. The press in Besmenia is rated by the global Press Freedom Index has having a "good situation".
====Television====
 
{{main article|Television in Besmenia}}
The first television program was in 1939 with BRF 1. This station still exists today and is the national television station of Besmenia. BRF 1 is owned by  "Besmenischer Rundfunk", which also has other stations (BRF 2, BRF Nachrichten, BRF Doku). The first private television station was "Epic" which went on the air in 1981.
Television was introduced in Besmenia in 1939. In 1970 color television was introduced and in 1982 private television. In the public television sector, the [[BRF]] dominates with its owning TV channels, while in the privately financed television sector, channels such as [[VINCTV]], [[BTV]], [[VEGA]] or [[VEGA2]] are dominating. Regional television channels have also increased significantly over the past few decades.


===Art===
===Art===
===Literature===
===Literature===
[[File:TheobaldvonKanther.png|200px|thumb|right|Theobald von Kanther (1816-1880) is considered one of the most famous Besmenian poets.]]
The Besmenian literature goes back to the early Middle Ages, when the first medieval libraries with manuscripts and book illuminations emerged. The best-known Besmenian writers include [[Konrad Wolfgang]] and [[Siegfried Bacher]], from the time of [[Constantioan Empire|Constantioan rule]], from the time of the [[Kingdom of Besmenia|Kingdom]] [[Hermann Berg]] and [[Theobald von Kanther]], and from the time of the [[Besmenian division]] to the present day [[Friedrich Henneberg]], [[Petra Ulmann]], [[Gerhard Siegmann]] and [[Bernhard Flohn]].
===Sports===
===Sports===
Football is the popular sport in Besmenia. The first football games took place in Besmenia around the 1860s, where it was very popular. Besmenia has had its own national football team since 1893, which, according to many, plays pretty well and is also popular internationally.
{{main article|Besmenia national football team}}
Football is the popular sport in Besmenia. The first football games took place in Besmenia around the 1860s, where it was very popular.
====Summer sport====
===Winter sport===
====International sport events====
Besmenia hosted the Summer Olympics ([[1976 Summer Olympic Games (Iearth)|1976]], [[1990 Summer Olympic Games (Iearth)|1990]]), the Winter Olympics ([[1957 Winter Olympic Games (Iearth)|1957]], [[2001 Winter Olympic Games (Iearth)|2001]]) and the World Cup ([[1986 Laitstadt World Cup|1986]], [[1999 Melmingia World Cup|1999]], [[2013 Helmfurt World Cup|2013]])


===Music and film===
===Music and film===
==== film ====
====Film====
The first silent film from Besmenia appeared in 1897. In 1928 the first Besmenian sound film was released in East Besmenia. At the time of the Besmenian division, propaganda films against East Besmenia and their allies were made in West Besmenia. At that time, many films in East Besmenia dealt with the division and the civil war from the 1910s and their consequences.
Besmenian film history is part of international film culture. It ranges from technical pioneering achievements to the early works of art in silent films and newly established genres to propaganda films, homeland films, auteur cinema, popular box office hits and Nortuan co-productions. The production of television films and series, advertising films, documentaries, cartoons and music videos is also part of filmmaking in Besmenia.
[[File:Helmut Rommel.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Helmut Rommel in 2001]]
 
In the 1950s, the main focus in Besmenia was on drama films. Most of the Besmenian films made in the 1960s were comedy and horror films. One of the most important directors after the end of the division was [[Helmut Rommel]] (1931-2004). He made around 15 feature films between 1957 and 2004. Many of his films are considered masterpieces of Besmenian film culture today. His film ''Ochsenbein'' (a film biography of [[Karl Ochsenbein]]), which was released in 1990, is internationally the most successful Besmenian film of all time. With a budget of 250 million BS, it was also the most expensive Besmenian film. Due to Helmut Rommel's Ochsenbein movie, Besmenian films had some international significance since the 90s.
The first silent films were made in what was then the [[Kingdom of Besmenia]] as early as 1898. from 1913, however, production increased rapidly and reached its peak in the years after the [[Besmenian civil war]]. In the 1920s in [[East Besmenia]], for example, numerous films were made about the civil war. The best-known of these films was [[The Heroes of the Civil War]], which premiered in Laitstadt in 1928 and is now a classic in the Besmenian film history. There were also films about the Besmenian division for the first time from the 1930s. A particularly well-known film from the time about the Besmenian division was [[The Tunnel to East Besmenia]] from 1941. In West Besmenia this film was banned until the political upheaval in 1966.
 
====Music====
{{main|Music in Besmenia}}
 
 


==See also==


* [[Nachtmark]]
[[Category:Besmenia]]
* [[Garima]]
[[Category:Coalition of Crown Albatross]]
* [[Drevstran]]
* [[Kingdom of Besmenia]]
[[Category:Ajax]]
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Countries (Ajax)]]
[[Category:MT]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:Republics (Ajax)]]
[[Category:Federal republics]]
[[Category:Federal states]]
[[Category:Democracies]]
[[Category:Parliamentary democracies]]
[[Category:Constitutional republics]]
[[Category:Semi-presidential republics]]
[[Category:Besmenien]]

Latest revision as of 10:10, 31 March 2024

Federal Republic of Besmenia

Bundesrepublik Besmenien
of
Coat of arms
Motto: "Hoffnung, Stolz und Frieden"   
New Besmenian Map4.png
CapitalLaitstadt            
LargestLaitstadt
Official languagesBesmenian
Recognised regional languagesUtobanian  
Ethnic groups
(2021)
Besmenians: 89%
Others: 11%
Religion
Besmenian orthodoxy: 52.5%
Atheism: 30.4%
Catholic: 10.4%
Islam: 2.7%
Buddhism: 1.8%
Others: 2.2%
Demonym(s)Besmenian        
GovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional republic      
• President      
Erika Badt-Springer
Thomas Pühringer
Barbara Schröder
Legislature  
Federal Senate  
Federal Chamber  
Establishment
July 2, 1920  
• Reunification
September 14, 1967  
• Addmited to the CCA
December 15, 1982
Area
• 
[convert: invalid number]
Population
• 2022 estimate
78,816,711
• Density
22/km2 (57.0/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2021 estimate
• Total
$5,920 trillion        
• Per capita
$60,425
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• Total
$5,35 trillion
• Per capita
$49,835
CurrencyBesmenian schilling (BS)
Date formatdd,mm,yyyy
Driving sideright          
Calling code+10     
Internet TLD.bm            

The Federal Republic of Besmenia, commonly called Besmenia, is a German-speaking country in the Coalition of Crown Albatross. It is located in the east of Nortua, bordering New Anea to the northwest, Xevus, Utobania and Yubonia to the west, and Candatora to the east. The country is a federal parliamentary democracy. The current President since 2024 is Erika Badt-Springer. The current Prime Minister since 2024 is Thomas Pühringer. It is the most populous nation in Nortua with 78.8 million inhabitants.

In 1918 the East Besmenian states left the kingdom and formed the Confederation of East Besmenian States (KBS). The KBS had to fight in the Besmenian Civil War against the Kingdom of Besmenia for the continuation of their independence, which they won. With the Treaty of Freiz, the kingdom accepted the independence of the KBS. On July 2, 1920, the Federal Republic of Besmenia was established on the territory of the KBS. The relationship between the two states was complicated, since Karl Ochsenbein established a fascist regime in West Besmenia in 1922. On September 14, 1967, West Besmenia merged into the Federal Republic. Thus, the Besmenian division ended after 49 years. On 11th April, 2022, the neighboring state Palingia joined as the 14th state of Besmenia

Besmenia is considered a wealthy country with a strong economy among global competitors. Besmenia is a member of the Coalition Trade Organization and a founding member of the C21, and the Alliance of Nortuan States. The headquarter of the ANS is located in Laitstadt.

Etymology

History

Prehistory

Antiquity

Besmenia in the Constantio Empire

The Constantio Empire in 1766 expanded into Besmenian territory.

In 1718, emperor Politari II of the Constantio Empire led a series of conquests into the Besmenian territory during an expansion into central Nortua. While the Constantioans brought a series of transformations of Besmenia's political and military institutions in response to challenges like economic turmoil and cultural divisions, enabling it to successfully adapt to the new conditions of the last half of the century and remain powerful, Besmenia remained highly nationalistic against the Constantioan rule. In the late eighteenth century, an increase in secular learning led to the revival among Besmenia of the diaspora of the notion of a Besmenian nation tracing its existence to ancient Nortua, distinct from the other Nortuan peoples, and having a right to political autonomy.

Independence

As the Chezian Wars began to degrade the Constantio empire, rebellions in Besmenia erupted in the form of the Besmenian Independence War. Makeshift Besmenian armies battled with the Constantioan occupiers and managed to hit them back, with the both wars ended with the Constantio Empire's withdrawal in 1821. The endless military defeats and the wide range of conflicts strained the Constantio Empire, and Emperor Isidoros declared the dissolving of the empire on April 8th, 1827 with the Armistace of Gurikans in Syraranto. Independence came at a cost of more than 68,200 people who died during the war on the side of the Besmenians, while the Constantioans also sustained heavy casualties.

Kingdom of Besmenia (1821-1923)

Besmenian-Tinegardian War (1844-1850)

Besmenian division (1918-1967)

The divided Besmenia (1918-1967)

Besmenian Civil War (1918-1920)

East Besmenia

West Besmenia

Fascist regime under Karl Ochsenbein and Lars Schreim (1923-1966)

In the parliamentary election in 1923, the Besmenian National Union became the strongest party with 50.9% and was able to form the government on its own.

Reunification process (1966-1967)

East Besmenian Prime Minister Schmidt and West Besmenian President Lommberg in Freiz to sign the Besmenian reunification treaty on June 25th, 1967.

On June 9, Rudolf Bötte proclaimed the Besmenian Republic on the territory of West Besmenia with him as President. Although the BNU was still the sole ruling party until November 1966, the party still concentrated on a democratic course. At that time, the BNU was developing from an ultra-national and fascist party more to a national-conservative party. In July 1966 Bötte resigned and was replaced by Hermann Himmerlich, who announced free parliamentary elections for October 1966 in the same month. On August 3, the State Security of Besmenia was dissolved.

Removal of the Inner Besmenian border (July 1966)

With the event of the end of the fascist regime and the opening of the Inner Besmenian border between West and East Besmenia in June 1966, Besmenian reunification was by no means decided. In East Besmenia, Prime Minister Johannes Schmidt is in favor of a quick reunification. In the free parliamentary election in West Besmenia in October 1966 the Democratic Besmenia, which supports reunification, wins the election. The new West Besmenian government under President Horst Lommberg and the East Besmenian federal government begin negotiations on the Besmenian unity in December 1966. With the Treaty of Melmingia, which governs the monetary, economic and social policy of the future reunified Besmenia, West Besmenia takes over the East Besmenian economic system on May 1st, 1967 and introduces the East Besmenian schilling as currency. The Besmenian reunification treaty passed in Freiz in June 1967 came into force on September 14, 1967 and ended the almost 50-year division on that day.

Reunited Besmenia since 1967

The Besmenian reunification took place on September 14, 1967 when West Besmenia joined the Federal Republic of Besmenia; this day of Besmenian unity became a national holiday. After a brief boom in reunification, the late 1960s and the early 1970s were characterized by economic stagnation, mass unemployment and a “reform backlog”. The West Besmenian states in particular did not develop as quickly as hoped after the introduction of the social market economy. It was not until the mid and late 1970s that the new West Besmenian states stabilized socially and economically.

Protests in Laitstadt against the commitment of the BVP-BRP government on September 26, 1972

In the 1972 federal election, the BVP became the strongest party under Robert Gleitzmann. Gleitzmann then formed a coalition with the right-wing populist BRP, which aroused criticism in Besmenia (particularly in the West Besmenian states) and internationally because of the fact that some BRP politicians, who were represented in the Gleitzmann government, were former members of the Besmenian National Union, and there were some Ochsenbeinian alignments in the party. Through the Gleitzmann program, West Bsmenia achieved economic growth in the mid-1970s. The BVP-BRP coalition was continued after the 1976 federal election, but caused a lot of criticism in the 1976-1980 legislative period, especially about Gleitzmann's resistance to the Coalition of Crown Albatross.

Martin Beiter, Prime Minister of Besmenia from 1980 to 1991, is today considered one of the most popular former PMs in recent history.

After the 1980 federal election, the FBBP under Martin Beiter became the strongest party again for the first time since 1952 and, with the approval of the president, formed a minority government with the SDU, subject to new elections in August 1981. In the 1981 federal election, the FBBP-SDU coalition got the majority. Under Martin Beiter there were profound changes in social, educational and health policy. In 1982 Besmenia joined the Coalition of Crown Albatross after a referendum. Together with Elbresia, Versenia and the Arenoran Isles, Besmenia founded the Alliance of Nortuan States in the summer of 1989.

In September 1983, under the name Gleitzmann scandal , the corruption cases and illicit BVP party donations made by Gleitzmann during his time as Prime Minister are exposed and made known to the public. Three days after the discovery, Gleitzmann resigned from his position as party chairman. The Gleitzmann scandal led to a crisis in the Besmenian domestic politics, in the BVP and in the BRP.

On May 5, 1991 PM Martin Beiter was assassinated by the mentally ill Michael-Joe Lammer witwith two gun shots after an election campaign for the 1991 Maurenmark state election in an restaurant in Melmingia. The assassination of Beiter triggered a wave of mourning in Besmenia and International. Federal Minister for Post and Communication Kurt Stöger was appointed as new PM on February 15th.

In the 1993 federal election, the BVP was again the strongest party under Erik Tautenbach. Together with the GPB, Tautenbach formed the first blue-green coalition in Besmenia. Tautenbach's 8-year tenure and cooperation with the green party was characterized by a strengthening in environmental policy and Besmenia's nuclear phase-out, which was decided in 1995 after a referendum as a reaction of the Treviso Nuclear Crisis in January 1992. Besmenia was also a founding member of the Coalition Trade Organization and the C21 during Tautenbach's tenure.

21st century

In the 2001 election, the FBBP was again the strongest party under Ursula Kummstein. Kummstein became the first female Prime Minister and formed a coalition with the SDU (2001-2005) and with the BVP (2005-2010). During Kummstein's tenure there were changes in economic, social and foreign policy. Under Kummstein, Besmenia and the Western Euronia Defense Alliance agreed a partnership in 2007, with the focus on the exchange of military weapons and technologies. From the late 2000s, Kummstein's unpopularity increased. During this period, the FBBP also suffered a loss of votes in all regional elections. When the FBBP became in the 2011 Neidenstein-Sulzburg state election third with 18.8%, Kummstein announced in January 2011 her resignation as Prime Minister and FBBP chairwoman. She was followed by Jörg Rautenberg, who was Federal Minister for Foregin Affairs from 2005 to 2011.

After a change at the top of BVP in March 2012, the new party chairman Theodor Sidemann was against a continuation of the government coalition with the FBBP, whereupon early elections were set, in which the BVP became the strongest party. Between 2012 and 2016, Sidemann formed a coalition with the SDU, the first BVP-SDU government at the federal level sice 40 years. After the 2016 federal election, Sidemann formed a coalition with the FBBP under the new FBBP party chairman Frank Hille as Vice Prime Minister, which was controversial due to Hille's political views. After the 2020 federal election, the coalition continued.

Besmenia's neighboring country Palingia joined as the 14th state of Besmenia on April 11, 2022, after lengthy negotiations and a referendum.

Geography

Geograpical map of Besmenia.

Besmenian lies in the northeast of the continent Nortua. The land covers an area of 3,287,263 km2, making it one of the largest countries in Nortua. The northern part of Besmenia is largely characterized by flatlands, while the southern part is mountainous.

Forrests

One of the most famous forests in the country is the Frankenburgian forest. The Frankenburgian forest is a forested mountain range located in Frankenburg and Zollingia.

Lakes

The largest lake in Besmenia is Lake Septran (Besmenian: Septransee) in northern Besmenia, between the border of the federal states Summingia and Tergau.

Politics

Political system of Besmenia

Besmenia is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of fourthteen federal states.

The Federal Chamber and the Federal Senate usually exercise federal legislation together. The Federal Chamber, with its 443 members, is the dominant chamber and is elected according to the general, equal, direct and secret suffrage of all citizens over 16 years of age according to the principles of proportional representation. Its legislative period lasts four years if it is not shortened by the parliament itself or by the President and Federal Government through dissolution in order to enable new elections to be made earlier. The Federal Senat is appointed by the individual state parliaments according to the size of the population and thus represents the interests of the states in federal legislation in accordance with the federal principle.

The head of state is the president with primarily representative and ceremonial duties. He is elected directly by the people every 6 years.

The executive is formed at the federal level by the federal government, which consists of the Prime Minister as head of government and the federal ministers. Most federal ministries have their official seat in Laitstadt. Other federal ministries have their official seat since 1968 in Melmingen. At the state level, the governors (Landespräsident), in the city-state of Laitstadt, mayor of Laitstadt, directs the executive. The federal states are also parliamentary democracies and their heads of government are elected by the state parliaments (Landeskammer).

The head of government of Besmenia is the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President. Usually, after an election to the Federal Chamber, the top candidate of the political party with the strongest vote is charged with forming a government. But this is not a constitutional rule. As a result, the Federal Government, i.e. the Prime Minister, the Vice Prime Minster and all other federal ministers as a collegial body, is appointed by the President on the proposal of the Prime Minister (although the President can also reject proposals). The federal government and its members depend on the trust of the Federal Chamber, which is why minority governments have so far only been appointed in exceptional cases.

Government

Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (2024, cropped).jpg 2023-04-27 Sitzung des Abgeordnetenhauses von Berlin by Sandro Halank–110.jpg
Erika Badt-Springer
President since
April 2024
Thomas Pühringer
Prime Minister since
March 2024


Current cabinet

Ministry Minister In office since Party
Prime Minister Thomas Pühringer 15 March 2024 BVP
First Vice Prime Minister
Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs
Ivar Combrinck 9 September 2021 SDU
Second Vice Prime Minister
Federal Ministry for the Environment
Lilia Mihailova 3 September 2023 GPB
Federal Ministry for Internal Affairs Michael Ernstmann 9 September 2021 BVP
Federal Ministry for Defense Gerhard Range 9 September 2021 BVP
Federal Ministry for Education and Science Klaudia Folgmann 9 September 2021 SDU
Federal Ministry for Finance Uta Scholz-Beller 9 September 2021 BVP
Federal Ministry for Culture and Sport Matthias Schuto 9 September 2021 SDU
Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs Dieter Schüssel 9 September 2021 SDU
Federal Ministry for Family and Youth Susanne Pechstein 9 September 2021 BVP
Federal Ministry for Health Christian Gottlieb 9 September 2021 GPB
Federal Ministry for Traffic and Infrastructure Marianne Hiebstern-Brecht 9 September 2021 BVP
Federal Ministry for Economy and Trade Sabine Reitzer 9 September 2021 BVP
Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture Alexander Kratschmann 4 April 2022 GPB
Federal Ministry for Justice Jörg Lauberger 9 September 2021 SDU
Federal Ministry for Technical and Digital Development Kathrin Höcker-Schmidt 9 September 2021 BVP
Federal Ministry for Affairs of the Federal States Lisa Schmidt 9 September 2021 GPB
Federal Ministry for Special Affairs Tom Nadel 9 September 2021 BVP

Political parties

The Besmenian People's Party, the Free Besmenian Citizen's Party and the Social Democratic Union have been the largest popular parties in Besmenia since the 1940s. Since the late 20th century and early 21st century, parties such as the Green Party of Besmenia, the National Besmenian Party, and the Party of the Besmenian Left have also gained a large electorate.

Foreign relations

Besmenia has been a member of the Coalition of Crown Albatross since it's joining in 1982 after a referendum. The country was a founding menber of the Alliance of Nortuan States in 1989, and of the Coalition Trade Organization in 1995. Besmenia has a partnership with the Western Euronia Defense Alliance since 2007. Besmenia maintains a friendly relationship with most countries on Iearth. Important allies of Besmenia are the member states of the Alliance of Nortuan States, most of the members of WEDA and the Sotoan Basin Union.

The Besmenian capital, Laitstadt, became the official seat of the Alliance of Nortuan States after it's formation. Laitstadt is one of the two ANS capitals, along with Allengin, where the Nortuan Congress is located.

In the Besmenian federal government, responsibility for foreign policy lies with the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The current foreign minister is Ivar Combrinck (SDU).

Military

Mountain vehicle of the Besmenian Ground Forces.

The Besmenian Federal Army (Besmenisches Bundesheer) consist of around 197,000 active soldiers in 2020. The military service lasted eight months until January 1, 1986 and five months since then. National military defense is based on the general conscription of all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50. Women can do voluntary military service. Since 1983, conscripts who refuse military service for reasons of conscience have been able to do alternative military service. Since 1987 women have been allowed to do voluntary service in the Federal Army.

The federal army is divided into three areas: the Besmenian Land Force, the Besmenian Air Force and the Besmenian Navy.

Law enforcement

Administrative divisions

Besmenia is divided into fourteen federal states (Bundesländer), one of which is the capital Laitstadt, which has the status of an independent federal state since 1923. Each federal state has its own constitution, parliament and government.

All federal states except Laitstadt are divided into districts (Landbezirke), which in turn are divided into municipalities.

Federal states of Besmenia
Name Capital Population Location
 Frankenburg Berkafurt 2,844,953
Gablitz Könlenz 3,309,003
 Greuningia Richtersberg 5,754,660
Jakartaburg Halsholm 4,376,674
 Laitstadt - 5,550,627
 Lemberland Hetenberg 6,077,384
 Maurenmark Melmingen 9,101,840
Metakumburg Behringen 4,173,197
 Neidenstein-Sulzburg Eisenberg 4,676,423
 Palingia Treunitz 3,036,854
 Sedakania Helmfurt 11,782,305
Summingia Freiz 7,273,037
Tergau Lenzborn 5,444,956
Zollingia Flommstein 4,914,800

Economy

Financial center of Laitstadt
The Besmenian Trolander KW was one of the bestselling cars in the 20th century.
The Besmenian BS 20 banknote, featuring Martin Beiter.

Besmenia, which operates with a social market economy, is a highly developed country and has a GDP of 5.72 trillion. It is the largest economy in Nortua and the fourth-largest economy in the world, with a highly skilled labor force, a low level of corruption, and a high level of innovation. The service sector contributes approximately 67% of the total GDP, industry 30%, and agriculture 1% as of 2019. The unemployment rate amounts to 4.1% as of January 2021, which is the fourth-lowest in Nortua after Elbresia, Versenia, and Saint Offeat.

The automotive industry in Besmenia is regarded as one of the most competitive and innovative in the world, and is the fifth largest by production. The top 10 exports of Besmenia are vehicles, machinery, chemical goods, electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, basic metals, food products, and rubber and plastics. Besmenia is one of the largest exporters globally.

Well-known international brands include the automobile manufacturer Trolander or the electronics manufacturer Petron AG. Laitstadt is a hub for startup companies and has become the leading location for venture capital funded firms in the Alliance of Nortuan States. Besmenia is recognized for its large portion of specialized small and medium enterprises.

Infrastructure

Energy

Transport

Map of the Besmenian motorway network.

With its central position in Nortua, Besmenia is a transport hub for the continent. Its road network is among the densest in Nortua.

Air traffic

Air traffic is of great importance for the longer domestic connections, for example from Frankenburg to Laitstadt. Almost every medium-sized and large city has a commercial airport.

Tourism

Besmenia is one of the most visited countries in the world as of 2017, with 34.6 million visits. Laitstadt and Helmfurt are the fourth and fifth most visited cities in Nortua respectively, following Norasa, Allengin, and Autrataya. Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over 112.7 billion to Besmenian GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry supports 4.1 million jobs.

Besmenia's most visited and popular tourist landmarks include the Martin Beiter Tower, -insert other landmarks-.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1871 59,856,445—    
1881 60,367,221+0.9%
1891 61,946,785+2.6%
1901 62,896,556+1.5%
1911 64,474,534+2.5%
1921 65,864,553+2.2%
1931 66,614,731+1.1%
1941 67,812,111+1.8%
1951 69,299,808+2.2%
1961 70,003,464+1.0%
1971 70,814,222+1.2%
1981 71,603,635+1.1%
1991 72,555,457+1.3%
2001 73,691,009+1.6%
2011 74,216,774+0.7%
2021 75,279,857+1.4%
2022 78,316,711+4.0%

The first census that meets today's criteria took place in the Kingdom of Besmenia in 1869.

Cities

Largest cities in Besmenia by population

No. CMA
City
Population State
1 Laitstadt 5,550,627 -
2 Melmingen 2,680,654 Maurenmark
3 Helmfurt 2,060,688 Sedakania
4 Freiz 1,652,532 Summingia
5 Hetenberg 1,404,593 Lemberland
6 Richtersberg 905,532 Greuningia
7 Samaroda 815,384 Maurenmark
8 Lenzborn 801,832 Tergau
9 Lichtenberg 749,384 Sedakania
10 Eisenberg 686,663 Neidenstein-Sulzburg
11 Behringen 607,937 Metakumburg
12 Halsholm 560,998 Jakartaburg
13 Flommstein 512,321 Zollingia
14 Treunitz 446,858 Palingia
15 Berkafurt 399,222 Frankenburg
16 Könlenz 380,345 Gablitz
17 St. Butz 346,170 Summingia
18 Revelfurt 316,196 Lemberland
19 Stühnau 297,044 Sedakania
20 Sulzburg 268,525 Neidenstein-Sulzburg
21 Fröndenbruck 254,053 Maurenmark
22 Hovat 210,012 Palingia
23 Köstritz 205,358 Greuningia

Ethnic groups

Religion

Religions in Besmenia.

  Catholic (46.5%)
  Atheism (30.4%)
  Orthodoxy (15.4%)
  Islam (3.9%)
  Judaism (1.7%)
  Buddhism (1.1%)
  Other (1%)

Languages

According to Article 6 of the Besmenian Basic Law, Besmenian is the official language of the Federal Republic of Besmenia. Besmenian is the native language of around 89.9% of Besmenian citizens.

Health

The average life expectancy in Besmenia in 2020 was 83.4 years, 86.5 years for women and 82.2 years for men.

Education

The Besmenian school policy is the responsibility of the federal states, but is coordinated by nationwide conferences of the education ministers, who also set common educational standards.

Culture

Holidays

Cuisine

Media

Television

Television was introduced in Besmenia in 1939. In 1970 color television was introduced and in 1982 private television. In the public television sector, the BRF dominates with its owning TV channels, while in the privately financed television sector, channels such as VINCTV, BTV, VEGA or VEGA2 are dominating. Regional television channels have also increased significantly over the past few decades.

Art

Literature

Theobald von Kanther (1816-1880) is considered one of the most famous Besmenian poets.

The Besmenian literature goes back to the early Middle Ages, when the first medieval libraries with manuscripts and book illuminations emerged. The best-known Besmenian writers include Konrad Wolfgang and Siegfried Bacher, from the time of Constantioan rule, from the time of the Kingdom Hermann Berg and Theobald von Kanther, and from the time of the Besmenian division to the present day Friedrich Henneberg, Petra Ulmann, Gerhard Siegmann and Bernhard Flohn.

Sports

Football is the popular sport in Besmenia. The first football games took place in Besmenia around the 1860s, where it was very popular.

Summer sport

Winter sport

International sport events

Besmenia hosted the Summer Olympics (1976, 1990), the Winter Olympics (1957, 2001) and the World Cup (1986, 1999, 2013)

Music and film

Film

Besmenian film history is part of international film culture. It ranges from technical pioneering achievements to the early works of art in silent films and newly established genres to propaganda films, homeland films, auteur cinema, popular box office hits and Nortuan co-productions. The production of television films and series, advertising films, documentaries, cartoons and music videos is also part of filmmaking in Besmenia.

The first silent films were made in what was then the Kingdom of Besmenia as early as 1898. from 1913, however, production increased rapidly and reached its peak in the years after the Besmenian civil war. In the 1920s in East Besmenia, for example, numerous films were made about the civil war. The best-known of these films was The Heroes of the Civil War, which premiered in Laitstadt in 1928 and is now a classic in the Besmenian film history. There were also films about the Besmenian division for the first time from the 1930s. A particularly well-known film from the time about the Besmenian division was The Tunnel to East Besmenia from 1941. In West Besmenia this film was banned until the political upheaval in 1966.

Music