User:Montecara/Sandbox/Trenalia

Trenalia

Reporting mark	TNA
Locale	Southeastern Euclea
Dates of operation	1955 (1955)–present
Track gauge	1,500 mm
Electrification	25 kV / 50 Hz AC
Headquarters	Montecara
Website	trenalia.co

Trenalia is an international passenger rail and rail services company serving southeastern Euclea with its headquarters in Montecara. It is jointly owned by the governments of Montecara and Paretia and offers extensive services in those countries along with connecting services to Gaullica and Etruria. The company's headquarters are located directly adjacent to Montecara Pòrta Conìxia railway station. It is a member of the Euclostar high-speed rail consortium.

History

Rail transport had been a key component of the inter-city transport system in southeast Euclea since the heyday of steam trains in the mid- to late 19th century. By the 1950s, however, long-distance rail in Paretia was in tatters. The country had emerged from the Great War and Solarian War with badly damaged infrastructure and no surviving rail companies with enough human, material, and financial resources to rebuild.

A solution presented itself in the form of Paretia's island neighbor to the east, Montecara. Montecara had longed for a fixed link with the Euclean mainland for centuries, but by the time in the 1940s that technology had advanced to the point that such a feat could even be seriously considered, Paretia was a war-ravaged and poor nation that the Montecaran government wanted to keep at arm's length. With Paretia in recovery by the early 1950s, though, it seemed that the time had finally come for the two countries to collaborate. The two states signed a memorandum of understanding in May 1951 to work together to rebuild and connect their rail systems. After four years of negotiations, Trenalia was born as a joint government-owned corporation in early 1955, with its stock split 50-50 between the two states. It was agreed that the company would have a legal monopoly on long-distance and regional rail services, and that the state governments would guarantee subsidies in the event of budget shortfalls and back the company's debt. Private freight rail companies would continue to operate, and Gaullican and Etrurian passenger trains still connected to destinations in Paretia, but Trenalia was to be the sole provider of domestic and cross-border passenger rail in its service area. Trenalia began passenger operations on 7 March 1955 with an inaugural service between Montecara and Chorto that used a rail ferry to cross the Aurean Straits.

Engineering studies began the following year to explore the various possibilities for a cross-strait link that would greatly ease travel between Montecara and the Euclean mainland. After considering the possibilities of various bridge designs, including a causeway and what would have been the world's longest suspension bridge, Trenalia's engineers officially recommended a twin-bore undersea tunnel as the best option. No bridge design could be found that would not impede shipping to what the Montecaran state felt was an economically unacceptable degree, and although no undersea tunnel had ever been constructed that would be as long as this one (9.2 km), the engineers felt that the technology was at an acceptably advanced state to make it feasible. Construction on the Cross-Strait Tunnel began in January 1956 and would continue for nearly eight years before the link was opened to great fanfare on 11 December 1963. At long last, Montecara was connected to the rest of Euclea by a link that was fast and impervious to weather and tides.

The company expanded its operations in the 1960s and '70s, issuing debt to finance capital improvements that included a massive electrification program and the construction of dozens of new station buildings. The unexpectedly high inflation of this period left the company far deeper in debt by the early 1980s than management had anticipated, though, and in 1982 the national governments were forced to acquire nearly €300 million in debt that the company could not service. By the early 1990s the company was again on stable financial ground, and a major project to make trains and stations accessible began in 1993. Current investment priorities for the company include the purchase of new, lighter and more efficient rolling stock and the acquisition of more retail space in and near stations that can be rented out at a profit.

Corporate structure and budget

Trenalia operating budget by source, FY 2019

  Fares (48.6%)

  Trust fund disbursements (26.1%)

  Additional subsidies (11.9%)

  Advertising (6.1%)

  Leasing (4.4%)

  Other (2.9%)

Trenalia is governed by a board of directors nominated by the governments of Paretia and Montecara. At present, each state appoints five members and five alternates, with the chair rotating between a Paretian and a Montecaran approximately every five years. The board of directors selects a general manager who is the professional head of the company and is in charge of day-to-day operations.

As of the last restructuring in 2009, Trenalia's operating divisions are:

• Regional and commuter operations
• Long-distance passenger operations
• Freight and logistics
• Infrastructure
• Rolling stock maintenance

Trenalia has a dedicated source of funding for maintenance and operations thanks to a trust established by the national governments at the company's foundation in 1955. Capital improvements are funded through a combination of corporate bonds and subsidies from the national governments. Overall, Trenalia services have a farebox recovery ratio of approximately 50% (although the ratio for some services, like Viaura, is above 90%), with the balance made up through trust fund disbursements, advertising, leasing facilities and rolling stock, and additional subsidies by the national governments. The total operating budget for 2019 was approximately €7 billion.

Trenalia employs nearly 15,000 workers, making it one of the largest employers in both Paretia and Montecara. Train operators, maintenance workers, and customer-facing employees are all unionized, with contracts up for periodic renewal on a fixed schedule.

Train categories and routes

Trenalia route map showing major destinations

Trenalia operates the following service categories:

Name	Abbreviation	Role
Exprima	E	Express services calling only at major cities
Direta	D	Mainline intercity services
Rexio	R	Regional trains calling at all or nearly all stations along a given line
Nocta	N	Night trains equipped with sleeping cars
Viaurea	V	Commuter rail between Montecara and southeastern Luzela

Viaurea

Viaurea is the brand that Trenalia uses for its commuter rail servies operating to and from Montecara Pòrta Conìxia railway station. Seating is unreserved and single-class, and fares outside Montecara are fixed based on the distance traveled. Montecara itself is within the standard fare and ticketing zone shared with VM. Viaurea has an operating budget separate from that of the overall company, with additional subsidies from the governments of Montecara and the Paretian constitutent kingdom of Luzela.

Viaurea route map

Viaurea lines

Line	Terminals		km	Stations
File:RexioA.png	Montecara Pòrta Conìxia	Precea	117	31
File:RexioB.png		Santa Fátima	126	33
File:RexioC.png		Gahã	149	36
File:RexioD.png		Sirganha	134	40
File:RexioE.png		Montecara–Enrico Dulio International Airport	55	4

Classes of service

First-class seating on Exprima service

First class

All first-class tickets come with access to first-class waiting rooms at stations where available. Aboard the train, first-class passengers enjoy complimentary snacks and drinks, newspapers and magazines, and access to dedicated lounge and dining cars and meeting rooms on select trains.

Seating

Trenalia uses several different seating configurations in its carriages. On trains with open-carriage seating, first-class seats are arranged three to a row and generally face forward aside from a few sets of two or four facing each other at the ends of carriages.

On trains with compartment seating, first-class compartments seat four, arranged in two pairs of seats facing each other.

All first-class seats come with a table, reading lamp, and attendant call button.

Single sleeper

A private room for a single traveler, first-class single sleepers come with a private toilet, shower, and sink. The bed converts to a couch and table for daytime use, and an attendant is on call to bring meals, drinks, and snacks and provide turndown service.

Double sleeper

First-class double sleepers accommodate two and may be booked whole or by a single traveler, in which case they are single-sex. Like the single sleepers, they come with private toilet, shower, and sink, and an attendant is on call to bring meals, drinks, and snacks and provide turndown service.

Second class

A second-class double compartment configured for nighttime

Seating

Second-class seats are slightly narrower than first-class ones, with four seats per row rather than three in open carriages and pairs of three seats each in compartment carriages. They are generally equipped with folding tray tables. Drinks, snacks, and meals are available for purchase in the bar or dining car.

Double sleeper

Second-class double compartments can be booked whole or by a single traveler, in which case they are single-sex. They have a private sink and share toilets with the rest of the carriage.

Quartet

Couchette car with space for four travelers per compartment. They are usually mixed-sex, but trains generally have at least one women's-only quartet, and groups may reserve the entire compartment. They have a private sink and share toilets with the rest of the carriage.

Reservations

Reservations are required for single sleepers but are optional for all other tickets. Reserving a seat incurs a small additional charge.

Fares and ticketing

Regional services are priced transparently based on distance traveled. This means that tickets can be purchased well in advance and used at any time by simply validating the ticket before boarding. For intercity services, Trenalia uses a complex fare structure based on distance, date and time, service class, train type, how far in advance the ticket is booked, and other factors.

Cartalia is Trenalia's discount card, available in three versions: Cartalia25, Cartalia50, and Cartalia100. The first two offer discounts of 25% and 50% respectively on all tickets; the last allows for unlimited travel on the entire rail network excluding sleepers, which require a small additional payment.

Trenalia has codeshare agreements with several airlines, including Aeracara and Viagem Paretia.

Rolling stock

Current livery for intercity trains

Image	Type	Class	Services	Max. speed	Built
	Electric multiple unit	802	Exprima	225 km/h	2018
	Electric multiple unit	X55	Exprima	200 km/h	2000–2013
	Electric locomotive	X2	Exprima, Direta	200 km/h	1989–1998
	Electric multiple unit	X40	Direta, Rexiò	200 km/h	2006–2019
	Electric multiple unit	Serie 5000	Rexiò	160 km/h	2004
	Electric multiple unit	DF20 Super	Rexiò	140 km/h	1998–2000
	Electric locomotive	Rc	Nocta, Non-revenue	135 km/h	1967–1988