Scovern

Kingdom of Scovern Kongeriget Skoverne (Mescon) Kongeriket Skogerne (Vestelian) Konungsríkið Skóþjóð (Frellandic)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:  "Fra bjerg til hav har, vi fremgang" (Mescon) "Fra fjell til sjø, vi trives" (Vestelian) "Frá fjalli til sjávar dafnar okkur" (Frellandic) ("From mountain to sea, we prosper")
Anthem:  Vores land, vores stolthed (Mescon) Vårt land, vår stolthet (Vestelian) Landið okkar, okkar stolt (Frellandic) ("Our land, our pride") Royal anthem:  Kongens march (Mescon) Kongens marsj (Vestelian) Kóngsganga (Frellandic) ("King's march")
Scovern (dark green) shown within the Euclean Community (light green)
Capital and largest city	Rimso 50°36'N 94°31'W
Official languages	Mescon Vestelian Frellandic
Recognised regional languages	Western Annic (Eyrar, Haukadalur, Kleppur, Kletta, Lauve) Northern Annic (Mosfell, Vogar)
Ethnic groups (2014)	86% Scovernois ––43% Mescon ––31% Vestelian ––12% Frellandic 14% Other
Religion (2014)	65% Sotirianity ––57% Catholic ––7% Amendist 30% Irreligious 5% Other
Demonym(s)	Scovernois Scoverne (rare) Scovernish (archaic)
Government	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Henrik
• Premier	Ine-Linda Nesby
Legislature	Rigsdagen
Area
• Total	884,477 km2 (341,498 sq mi)
Population
• 2023 estimate	27,227,282
• 2014 census	26,511,882
GDP (PPP)	2021 estimate
• Total	€1.407 trillion
• Per capita	€51,661
GDP (nominal)	2021 estimate
• Total	€1.362 trillion
• Per capita	€50,021
Gini (2020)	28.1 low
HDI (2020)	0.941 very high
Currency	Euclo (€) (EUC)
Time zone	UTC+0 (Euclean Standard Time)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side	left
Calling code	+99
Internet TLD	.sk

Scovern (Mescon: Skoverne, Vestelian: Skogerne, Frellandic: Skóþjóð), officially the Kingdom of Scovern (Mescon: Kongeriget Skoverne, Vestelian: Kongeriket Skogerne, Frellandic: Konungsríkið Skóþjóð) is an island country in Northern Euclea. It shares maritime borders with Caldia to the east and Werania to the south. With a population of around 27 million, it is Euclea's eighth most populous country, and its fourth largest by area. More than half of the population live in Mesconia, one of Scovern's three constituent nations, where the capital, Rimso, is also located.

Humans first migrated to Scovern from Werania in 7000 BC, with the Stoense and Warnitz cultures. Petty kingdoms did not emerge until around 200 BC, and had limited contact outside their local area. First major contact with mainland Euclea began during the Marauder Age, where Scovern became a notable centre of both marauder raids and their settler kingdoms. The largest of these kingdoms, Connland, encompassed much of modern-day Mesconia. In the 9th century, the Sixtenite Kingdom under Sixten Agnarssun came to dominate North Sea affairs, and was based in what is now Istebjerg. The fall of the Sixtenite Kingdom gave way to feudal and mercantile states, which firmly established Mescon as the dominant language of trade in Scovern. Some of these states eventually joined the Rudolphine Confederation for protection. The Frellish Crusade in the 13th century eliminated the last vestiges of paganism in Euclea.

Olav II, who had unified southern Scovern in 1570, led a bloody unification campaign that coincided with the Amendist Wars. The growth of absolutism and Taenarianism in Scovern led to it becoming one of few Catholic states to fight against the Confederation during the wars. It doing so, it eliminated the final Rudolphine states on the isle, and Scovern became one of Euclea's foremost states, leading a major personal union with the Kingdom of Platavia. The industrial revolution and Euclean Spring eventually introduced parliamentarianism and representative democracy in 1840, expanding to universal suffrage in 1911. Scovern participated in the Great War with the Grand Alliance, where many Scovernois soldiers died. The war prompted a national debate as to the future of the military, and eventually it was scaled down massively to just a small land force and navy. Federalisation of Scovern began in 1961 under the administration of Vestelian premier Frank Kristian Sandberg, and ended in 1980 with full federalisation.

Scovern is a highly developed state, with an advanced high-income economy, a large welfare state, high rates of unionisation and low income inequality. Scovern consistently ranks highly on measures including democracy, education, equality, healthcare, press freedom and political transparency. Scovern is a member of many international organisations, including the Association for Economic Development and Cooperation, the Community of Nations, the Euclean Community and Euclean Common Defense Treaty Organisation, the International Council for Democracy, the Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs and the Northern Forum.

Etymology, pronunciation and other names

Scovern is thought to derive from the Old Scovernois word skógr, and in turn from the Proto-Weranic root *skōgaz, meaning "forest" or "woods". The Mescon and Vestelian translations, Skoverne and Skogerne respectively, are derived exclusively from this root. In contrast, the Frellandic translation, Skóþjóð, more literally means "forest nation", affixing þjóð, meaning "nation".

In Estmerish, Scovern is usually pronounced either with an open back rounded vowel, /ɒ/, or the diphthong /oʊ/.

In most Annic languages, the name for Scovern is Vuonalån, roughly meaning "land of the fjords" or "land of the rivers". Vuona is a native Annic word meaning fjord or river, whereas lån is a Weranic loanword for land.

Names of Scovern in other major languages Language Name Esmeiran Escovernia or Conaterra (archaic) Etrurian Scoverna Gaullican Scoverne or Coneterre (archaic) Luzelese Escovernia Shangean 苏格尔尼; Sūgé'ěrní Soravian Сковерн; Skovern Valduvian Skovernija Weranian Skovern

History

Prehistory and Marauder Age

Main article: Marauder Age

Archaeological records show that humans first settled in Scovern around 9000 BC, migrating from Werania. Early settlement was entirely limited to the south of Scovern, with ice caps making most of the island uninhabitable for a significant period. These humans later sailed and settled in Caldia after 8000 BC. Early humans in Scovern were fishermen, being subservient largely on a seafood-based diet. Gradually, fishing was supplanted by hunter-gatherers and later by farmers and agriculture.

The Bronze Age was slow to make its way to Scovern, with bronze tools being rare and only able to be bartered for by chiefs and other extremely wealthy people. Many rock carvings in Scovern date from the early Bronze Age, including the Tune carvings and Skrejup carvings. Contact was also limited between the people of Scovern and the Solarian Empire during the Iron Age. Many people in Scovern still resorted to stone tools during this period. Gold and iron became far more widespread in Scovern after the sacking of Solaria by Weranic tribes in 426 AD.

Scovern was a major centre of Ghaillish raids during the marauder age, and had by far the highest concentration of raids in the early Marauder Age. The first recorded Ghaillish raid was on the town of Orlafen in 792. Raids peaked in the 9th century.

Scovern's proximity to Caldia was the main reason for the high number of raids, though Scovern's politically fractured nature during this period made the various petty kingdoms across the isle susceptible to raids during this time. In 839, the first recorded marauder settlements emerged on the eastern coast of Scovern, including the founding of the city of Connheim which eventually became the capital of Connland, one of the most powerful marauder polities and a significant base for further marauder activity in Scovern and elsewhere in northern Euclea.

Medieval period and late middle ages (881–1570)

Polities and peoples of Scovern in the 10th-century. The Sixtenite Kingdom began to exert dominance over the isle during this period.

After direct marauder presence declined, polities descended from marauder settlers began to take their place. Most were petty kingdoms, ultimately conquered or other united into the Sixtenite Kingdom by its ruler Sixten Agnarssun. His kingdom defeated and annexed the final direct marauder state, the Kingdom of Connland, in 886. After the fall of Connland, the Sixtenite Kingdom was economically and militarily the dominant force on the island. Over the next century, several conflicts erupted between it and the neighbouring Kingdom of Vestelia. The city of Rimso was settled around this time. Upon Sixten's death in 920, his kingdom fractured between his children or powerful nobility, who all claimed themselves as successors to the throne, as primogeniture had not been established as the primary method of succession.

Gisilfrid established the Kingdom of Mesconia in 1244.

These various kingdoms all vied for influence in the east, but most in the west were subdued by the growing Kingdom of Vestelia. Wary of Vestelian hegemony, many small kingdoms or city-states on Scovern's southern coast sought protection from the various Weranic states, which ultimately formalised into the Rudolphine Confederation in 1027. Vestelia invaded these polities under Rudolphine protection in 1031, looking to secure its dominance over the island, but was dealt a crippling blow at the Battle of Gedelykke where Rudolf I rallied and led a large army that destroyed the attacking Vestelian armies. Rudolf's success in defeating Vestelia saw these polities express unanimous support for the Charter of Vorausdorf in 1044, beginning the confederation's centralisation. The next century saw Rudolphine influence over the island and in the Strait of Roetenberg grow over their Vestelian counterparts, and a relative period of prosperity in the Rudolphine states that established Mescon as the primary culture and language of trade.

Vestelia nominally remained the largest individual kingdom on the island until the 13th century, when the Principality of Haug led by Gisilfrid successfully invaded the Kingdom of Tonder and began a crusade in Frelland under the commands of Pope Adrian III. After the invasion of Frelland, Gisilfrid proclaimed himself King of Mesconia (nominally King of Weats, Orms, and Leits; archaic names for Mescons, Vestelians and Frellanders respectively). Because of this, Gisilfrid is regarded as the first Sotirian King of Scovern, though his kingdom controlled only around 30% of the country's landmass and population. Gisilfrid's later reign saw growing discontent within the nobility, who ultimately assassinated him in favour of his son, Alfgeir the Half-Blind, in 1271.

Alfgeir led a bloody invasion of Vestelia beginning in 1280, coinciding with a deadly plague and famine that killed around a quarter of the island's population. The war ended in 1294 with a white peace. Mesconia and Vestelia fought several conflicts in the 14th century that became known as the Horse and Unicorn Wars for the symbols of the two states. By the 1400s, Mesconia had established dominance over the waning Vestelian kingdom, which had been pushed completely back to the west of the country, and instead focussed its efforts on the remaining Rudolphine states on the island. Nominally, Mesconia's southern territory remained as part of the confederation, meaning that the permission of the Rudolphine Protector was required to wage wars against other members of the confederation. Instead, the kings of Mesconia tried to integrate the polities by diplomatic means such as marriages, but this failed completely. Rudolphine protection inhibited Mesconian expansion for 150 years until the succession of Olav II and the beginning of the Amendist Wars. The Amendist Reaction influenced some in Mesconia and the Rudolphine states, but most of the population remained Catholics. With religious tensions mounting on the mainland, Olav II began a large-scale invasion of Vestelia in 1570, starting the violent Scovernois Wars of Unification.

Unification and Matsberg Union (1570–1611)

Main articles: Scovernois Wars of Unification and Matsberg Union

Further information: Flosedalen War, Ciprian War, Just War, Vestelian War, and Amendist Wars

Olav II unified Scovern between 1570 and 1611, established the Matsberg Union in 1586, and played a crucial role in the Amendist Wars.

Olav's invasion of Vestelia began with the Flosedalen War, which involved considerable fighting on hilly, uneven terrain, and so battles were particularly bloody and long. Mesconian armies first attacked a Vestelian garrison at the Battle of Furuflata in 1570, then caught the retreating Vestelian contingent at the Battle of Fosness a few months later, decimating their ranks. Olav's armies lay a long and harsh siege to the fortress town of Invervaer, which fell in 1572 and was a severe blow for Vestelia. Mesconian armies, with little resistance, rapidly advanced through the Flosedalen in 1572, winning key victories at Qveset, Bergsgrenda, and Frederiksberg. Vestelian king Roald IV struggled to raise troops after Frederiksberg, so looked to the Rudolphine Protector Karl IV for assistance, but was rejected. With Mesconian troops now laying siege to Tranget, Vestelia sued for peace in 1573, ceding the regions of Cipria and Thorsheim to Mesconia.

Mesconia launched a second invasion of Vestelia in 1577, known as the Ciprian War. The war was swift but Vestelian embargoes did considerable damage to the Mesconian economy and resulted the Famine of 1578, which affected many cities across the kingdom. The young king Roald V personally led his armies to boost morale, but was ultimately killed at the Battle of Lauerheim in 1577, with Mesconian forces now laying siege to Kalstad, Vestelia's largest city. During the siege, Vestelia secured a crucial naval victory at the Battle of the Borsensfjord, ensuring the city could be supplied by sea. Despite this, a low-morale garrison reeling from the death of their king surrendered in 1578, and Vestelian resistance broke completely. Mesconia enforced the Treaty of Nees in 1578, annexing a substantial portion of the kingdom (including the capital, Kalstad) and reducing Vestelia to a minor polity in the west with its capital at Midhamar.

Vestelian navies at the Battle of the Borsensfjord. While Mesconian armies were dominant on land, Vestelian navies did considerable damage to the Mesconian fleets and enforced harsh embargoes.

When the Amendist Wars broke out in 1582, Mesconia refused to back the Catholic Otto VIII due to the growth of absolutism and Taenarianism within the country. Upon Estmerish intervention, Olav seized the opportunity to end Rudolphine presence on the island by invading the mercantile states that remained on the southern coast, beginning the Just War and bringing Mesconia into the wars on the side of the Amendist League. The Mesconians successfully sieged the cities of Asmindrup (1582–84) and Gedelykke (1584–88), with heavy losses. A joint Cislanian–Ruttish naval force broke the blockades of Asmindrup, Gedelykke and, crucially, Rimso at the Battle of the Strait of Roetenberg in 1585, also crushing any hopes of Mesconian forces reaching Werania. After the Fall of Rimso in 1593, Mesconia came under de facto control of all Rudolphine holdings on the island, and managed to regain access to the mainland after a joint Soravo-Mesconian-Platavian naval force bested a Ruttish-Roetenberger fleet at the Battle of Kutterling. Mesconian forces landed in Roetenberg in 1594, but were brutally defeated at the Battle of Weixerau and forced to retreat back to Scovern. Mesconian troops eventually landed in Ruttland in 1597, participating in battles and sieges across the region. When the wars ended in 1607, Maximilian I relinquished Rudolphine control over any lands in Scovern, with Mesconia annexing them. During the wars, a group of Platavian nobles invited Olav to take the Platavian throne during a succession crisis, beginning the Matsberg Union.

In 1609, Olav launched the final invasion of Vestelia in the Vestelian War. Mesconia, now completely dwarfing the Vestelian kingdom, destroyed the Vestelian fleet at the Battle of Mittet and sieged Midhamar in only four months. Faced with certain loss, Vestelian king Magnar III relinquished the Kingdom of Vestelia to Olav and Mesconia in exchange for his life in exile. With the island unified, Olav proclaimed himself King of Scovern in 1611, ending the Scovernois Wars of Unification.

Early modern period (1611–1840)

Further information: Bonnlitzer War

The Battle of Lossow Bay prevented the Rudolphine Confederation from restoring its holdings in Scovern, and established the Scovernois navy as a notorious military force.

Olav II died in 1614, with his son and heir Olav III succeeding to the thrones of Scovern and Platavia. Olav III spent the predominant part of his reign quelling small Platavian noble revolts before his own death in 1616. Olav IV brought about reforms of centralisation to Scovern, moving the capital to Rimso from Istebjerg in 1624 and sponsoring the creation of a large palace in Matsberg in 1630, the year of his death. His successor Sotirien II was known for his lavish lifestyle and his extravagent court life which brought the country to the brink of bankruptcy coupled with its debts from unification and the Amendist Wars. This lifestyle, however, elevated Scovern to considerable prestige amongst the royal courts of Euclea. During his reign good relations were developed with Gaullica, with the Gaullican architect Pierre-Valentin de Montmurat being invited to design the city of Pasarel around this time. Many influential philosophers and thinkers throughout the country relocated to Rimso during Sotirien's reign, which saw the concept of Forenede Folk emerge, promoting unity between the Mesconian and Vestelian peoples.

The latter stages of Sotirien's reign were marked by the Platavian–Rudolphine War of 1647, where the Rudolphine Confederation under its protector Otto IX successfully defeated a joint Scovernois-Platavian force at the Battle of Bourauel, annexing the Eastern Marches of Platavia. Otto attempted to capitalise on this convincing victory to restore Rudolphine territories on Scovern in 1652, but his fleets were beaten separately at the Battle of Lossow Bay and the Battle of Kuhnhof, preventing Rudolphine troops from ever landing on Scovern and establishing the Scovernois fleet as one of Euclea's foremost. Sotirien II died in 1653 and was succeeded by his son Frederik II, who ruled relatively uneventfully until his death in 1668.

Rorie I and II ruled as King of Scovern, Platavia and Caldia, and enacted the Renovatio Religiosae in 1697, ending Scovern's legacy of Taenarianism.

The Vestelian Witterite Gustav Simo Hoen founded the Blue Crystal Movement in Rimso in 1860.

Olav V succeeded him and became wary of increasing Rudolphine centralisation and expansion becoming a major threat to continued Scovernois influence in Northern Euclea. Olav initially sought alliances with Estmere against the confederation but the successful diplomatic posturing of Franz Joseph I prevented this. Scovern eventually entered an alliance with Soravia in 1696 in exchange for relinquishing Platavian claims in the lands of Kantemosha. The same year, the Amendist Rorie I and II acceded to the throne, refusing to convert his religion to remain eligible for election to become the High King of Caldia. Rorie defeated several clerical rebellions shortly after, notably at Tonder and the Tinningfjord, but this was unsustainable on the monarchy. In response, the Renovatio Religiosae was enacted, re-raising the papacy to supreme religious authority in Scovern after more than a century of absolutist and Taenarian thought within the monarchy. Rorie was elected in Caldia in 1702, inheriting the Third Gilded War with Gaullica, ultimately losing Caldia's overseas empire.

In 1711, Rorie pressed claims to throne of the United Kingdom of Ruttland and Aucuria, inherited by Cislania, eventually spiralling into the Ten Years' War bringing in Soravia and Estmere on their respective sides. Scovernois forces were successful in blockading the confederation and in several campaigns in Ruttland. Rorie's death in 1714 ended the personal union in Caldia with his Amendist successor Carl Frederik I facing immense noble and clerical unrest in Scovern. After only a month he abdicated the Scovernois throne in favour of his Catholic brother Stephen I, but continued to rule in the primarily-Amendist Platavia. In 1720, facing an immense amount of debt, Scovern defaulted on its loans and declared bankruptcy, severely damaging its reputation and ultimately resulting in it making no gains at the Congress of Cislania.

Estmerish navies bombarded Rimso during the Bonnlitzer War, indirectly resulting in the establishment of Scovern's constitutional monarchy.

Stephen gained a reputation of being unfit to rule, and was eventually deposed by his uncle Olav VI, who sought to bring stability back to the country but failed after noble rebellions defeated his armies and forced him into exile, with Stephen restored to the throne. Scovern participated in the grand coalition that eventually toppled the Weranian Republic in 1801, and entered a personal union with the state of Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken in 1803. Though the republic was ultimately defeated it massively stoked tensions in Scovern with many demanding parliamentary representation. Unrest led to Carl Frederik reforming the Rigsdagen in 1808 to be elected by the aristocratic upper-class. The Pileads were founded in 1811, advocating for a more representative parliament, led by Tobias Labrax Holm. Pan-Weranic revolutionaries eventually toppled the Scovernois monarchy from the Bonnlitzer throne in 1836, with king Johann Augustus supporting war with Cislania to reclaim the throne. Holm, who was State Chancellor at this time, did not, with Johann Augustus having him removed from the post and replaced with a pro-war candidate. This outraged the Rigsdagen, who sought to curtail the absolute monarchy, particularly after Scovern lost the war after Estmerish entry. Johann Augustus, now extremely unpopular, ultimately ratified the Constitution of Scovern in 1840, establishing the country as a constitutional monarchy.

Constitutional monarchy (1840–1926)

Scovern industrialised throughout the 19th century, albeit at a much slower rate than its mainland neighbours, especially in the north. The north maintained a strong agriculture sector that exacerbated economic divide between it and the now-affluent south, which transitioned towards a manufacturing economy. During the War of the Triple Alliance, the Scovernois Witterites Gustav Simo Hoen and Arthur Kent Søndergaard founded the International Federation of the Blue Crystal Movement and eventually pushed for the signing of the First Rimso Convention in 1860, paving the way for the development of international humanitarian law. The country's first railways were constructed in the 1860s to link Rimso and Kalstad. Electoral reforms were passed gradually throughout the late-19th and early-20th centuries to expand suffrage throughout the country, with all men over 30 receiving the vote in 1864, followed by men over 21 and landowning women in 1887 and finally universal suffrage to all over 21 in 1911. Following the Airdale War, the Third Rimso Convention was signed in 1923.

Great War and modern history (1926–)

Scovernois soldiers manning an anti-aircraft gun during the Defense of Morwall in 1929.

Main article: Great War (Kylaris)

Upon the outbreak of the Great War, Scovern joined the war on the side of the Grand Alliance out of concern for the irredentist and Pan-Nordic goals of Blostland culminating in an Entente invasion of the country. Scovern fought primarily on the Northern Front in Euclea, but most importantly its industries and agriculture, which were comparatively far from the frontlines, were used to arm, equip and feed Allied forces throughout the war. Scovernois women played a large part in this, and later became known as the "women of steel". Scovern played a major role in the Allied invasion of Blostland in 1934, toppling the functionalist dictatorship of Karl Åberg.

Around 55,000 Scovernois soldiers lost their lives in the war, and coupled with heavy economic downturn from the war sparked a conversation on the future role of the country's military. Eventually, the 1941 Scovernois national plebescite saw that the country's military was reduced to a small integrated force known as the Scovernois National Guard (SLV; Skovernsk Landværn). Following collaborationist tendencies of monarchies in the Entente, primarily in Blostland, Gaullica, and Ravnia, Queen Elisabeth saw that the monarchy's role in national and political matters were stepped back greatly in the 1940s. Scovern remained neutral during the Solarian War but nominally supported the Community of Nations intervention force.

Scovern joined the Euclean Community in 1955, alongside Alsland, Caldia, and Werania. Premier Frank Kristian Sandberg introduced the modern system of federalisation to Scovern in the 1960s, establishing the three modern nations of Mesconia, Vestelia and Frelland, heavily inspired by the Alslandic pillarisation system. This process finished in 1980 with the establishment of three devolved legislatures for each constituent nation in addition to the national Rigsdagen. Since then the country has been a two-party system between the centre-left Social Labour Party (SAP) and the centre-right Liberal People's Party (LFP). A corruption scandal in 2017 saw the fall of the incumbent SAP government in the 2017 election. The LFP entered government again after the 2021 election in a coalition with the centrist–progressive Radicals, supported by the agrarian Agrarforbund, under incumbent premier Ine-Linda Nesby.

Geography

Biodiversity

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  Avanaric puffin in flight off Kross Island, Frelland

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  Avanaric foxes are known for their white coats of fur, used for camouflage

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  Brown bears at the Royal Rimso Zoo

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  Killer whales are common across Scovern's coasts

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  The Vattannes ringed seal is endemic to Scovern's lakes

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  The common lizard lives all over Scovern

Scovernois scientist Mikkel Lassen von Fittkau-Kreske established binomial nomenclature for taxonomy in the 1750s, achieving notoriety in Euclea and kickstarting a wave of biological advancements.

Scovern boasts a high amount of biodiversity, both in its flora and fauna, including species that are endemic to the country and have adapted to live in its avanaric climates. As a nation, Scovern also has a good record on animal welfare as well as natural biology and the faunal studies. From when Mikkel Lassen von Fittkau-Kreske established the Lassenite binomial system of taxonomic classification to modern day expeditions by Scovernois scientists to other countries, Scovern has regularly been a global leader in biological studies.

The country sports thousands of species, the vast majority of which are shared across Euclea. Frequent glaciation as well as proximity to mainland Euclea allowed species once native to Scovern to migrate elsewhere in Euclea thousands of the years ago. Scovern also has a myriad of vagrant species. Much of Scovern's recognisable fauna are game animals and mammals with thick fur coats, which were hunted and sold as part of the Scovernois fur trade, including the Avanaric fox, brown bear, Euclean bison, grey wolf, lynx, muskox, red fox, reindeer and the wild boar.

Other land-dwelling mammals in Scovern include bats, hedgehogs, moles and shrews. In addition to this Scovern also possesses a diverse array of amphibians, birds, and reptiles, including the barn owl, common frog, common toad, grass snake, great cormorant, tawny owl, vivaparous lizard and western capercaillie. Common marine and aquatic species in Scovern include bass, brean, common bottlenose dolphin, common Euclean eel, common thresher, Euclean crayfish, herring, pike, signal crayfish. Rarer marine life include the Avanaric torpedo, lumpsucker, Perovo flounder, sea needles (or garfish), sea stickleback, Vattannes ringed seal, viviparous eelpout.

Because of Scovern's differing climates by region, it has a number of different terrestrial ecoregions, including the Frellandic tundra, Scovernois conifer forests and Vestelian taiga, which house a number of different flora and fauna between them.

Politics and government

See also: Nesby's Second Cabinet

Henrik
King of Scovern
since 1997

Ine-Linda Nesby
Premier of Scovern
since 2017

Federal leaders

Jens Peter Wulff
Minister of State for Mesconia
since 2019

Yvonne Riis
Minister of State for Vestelia
since 2022

Peter Ismaelsson
Minister of State for Frelland
since 2015

The politics of Scovern are laid out in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Scovern, first ratified in 1840 but has since gone under many significant amendments, including the introduction of universal suffrage in 1911 and federalisation in 1980. Scovern is a constitutional monarchy within the framework of a representative democracy, with a unicameral legislature.

The head of state of Scovern is the monarch, currently Henrik since 1997. Officially, the monarch retains executive powers, but since the 1940s the monarchy has taken a strictly ceremonial role in Scovernois politics, mainly conducting official state visits on behalf of the country. The premier (officially the Minister of State) serves as the head of government, and in practice possesses most of the executive power within the Scovernois government. The premier usually leads a majority of seats in the Rigsdagen either on behalf of their own party or a coalition government, but this is not always the case. The premier is always a member of the Rigsdagen, though not always the leader of their respective party.

The Rigsdagen is the unicameral legislature of Scovern, elected every four years using party-list proportional representation in 31 national constituencies split across Scovern's three constituent nations. It consists of 318 representatives; 250 elected from constituencies with an additional 68 levelling seats, aimed to better represent the national voting trend within the legislature. In addition to the Rigsdagen, each of the three nations have their own federal legislatures.

Scovern is also a member of the Euclean Community, and in turn its parties run in Euclean elections to decide the Euclean Parliament. Most of Scovern's domestic parties are affiliated with a series of Euclean political alliances. Scovern's 56 seats in the Euclean Parliament are decided proportionally from a national list using the Boeri method.

Administrative divisions

Mesconia

Frelland

Vestelia

Economy

Economic indicators
GDP (PPP)	€1.407 trillion (2021)
Nominal GDP	€1.362 trillion (2021)
Real GDP growth	2.3% (2019)
Inflation	2.8% (2019)
Employment-to-population ratio	70.3% (2022)
Unemployment	5.2% (2022)
Total public debt	€356 billion (2019)

Scovern is considered a high-income country with a very high standard of living. As of 2021, its nominal and PPP GDP was €1.149 trillion and €1.186 trillion respectively, making it the fourth-largest economy in the Euclean Community and the largest outside of the traditional "Big Three" of Werania, Estmere and Gaullica. The country's primary economic centre is the capital, Rimso, but significant economic centres also exist in Kalstad and Elgebugt.

Energy

Energy in Scovern is produced through a multitude of methods. The most common of these are geothermal energy and hydropower energy, which account for 32% and 44% respectively of Scovern's total annual energy production. Biomass, offshore wind farms and petroleum make up the majority of the rest, though Scovern's government has steadily decreased the country's reliance on North Sea oil. The country's geography has allowed Scovern to produce an abundance of renewable energy. In 2017, a coalition agreement between the Liberal People's Party and the Radicals saw Scovern become one of the first countries to commit to carbon neutrality by law. Scovern's current target aims for full carbon neutrality by 2045.

Science and technology

Clockwise from top-left: Mikael Axness, notable astronomer; Leiv Forten, who developed the wave theory of light; Endre Davidsen, who led the discovery of the nucleus; Jørgen Lomen, a pioneer in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics.

Scovern has long been a centre for scientific innovation, including major contributions in the fields of optics, particle physics, astrophysics and more recently quantum physics and programming. Hans Castus is considered the last naked-eye astronomer, known for his remarkably accurate observations, a rejection of the Xenagorian model of the Universe, and for devising his own Castonian model of the Solar System. Mikael Axness, a student of Castus, introduced the concept of elliptical orbits and his three Axnesian laws of planetary motion laid the foundation for Lugin's theory of universal gravitation and was a major advancement in astronomy. Axness is also regarded as a pioneer of science fiction literature. In the 17th century, the polymath Leiv Forten posited the wave theory of light, as well as inventing the pendulum clock and extensively studying the planet Saturn, its rings, and its moons. Leo Seck-Hebrang's research in optics, in particular the diffraction of light, led to the acceptance of Forten's wave theory of light over the traditional corpuscular theory.

In the 19th century, relative peace and stability in Euclea led to an explosion of scientific progress. Poul Krogh-Beck was a pioneer in thermodynamics, known for the Krogh-Beck equation and the Krogh-Beck force, modifications to the traditional theory of ideal gases. Jørgen Lomen was a pioneer of statistical mechanics, providing the modern definition of entropy and introducing the fundamental Lomen constant. Casper Svane discovered the Svane force in an electric field, and his development of the Svane transformations that formed the basis of the special theory of relativity. Antonius Aanenson was the first to describe space-time as four-dimensional, referred to as Aanenson spacetime, and his Aanenson diagram allowed for the graphical representation of relativistic phenomena. In particle physics, Jan Krabsethve discovered the electron in the late 1890s, the first of the fundamental particles to be directly discovered. A group led by Endre Davidsen conducted the gold foil experiments that led to the discovery of the nucleus in 1910. Marcus Emmerlev developed the Emmerlev model of the atom in 1913, which superceded the Davidsen model.

In modern times, Scovern has been a centre of the development of numerous programming languages, and hosts the online encyclopaedia Daidu. Two experiments in Scovern, VÆSKE-46L and DELAMERE, are currently operating to detect dark matter in the form of weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Scovern is a member of numerous scientific and education schemes with the wider Euclean Community.

Demographics

Scovern's population is around 27.1 million people, making it the eighth-largest country in Euclea and the sixth-largest in the Euclean Community. Scovern's total fertiliary rate is 1.7, below the replacement rate of 2.1 but higher than the northern Euclean average, owing to its extensive welfare state that provides support for families having children. Scovern's three primary demographics are Mesconians, Vestelians and Frellanders, though the former two have had a long history on the unity of their respective identities and cultures which has lessened in recent years. Scovern's three constituent nations, Mesconia, Vestelia and Frelland contain 13.6 million, 10.9 million and 2.5 million people respectively. Scovern's population density is around 31 people per square kilometre (79 per square mile), second-lowest in the EC behind Caldia. Scovern's three largest cities are Rimso, Kalstad and Lagerup, the latter two forming the large urban areas of South Vestelia and Elgebugt.

Scovern maintains a jus sanguinis citizenship law, making birth-right citizenship eligible only to those born to one or more Scovernois parents. Around 7% of Scovern's population come from a foreign background, concentrated mainly in cities such as Rimso (22.6%) and Kalstad (17.8%). Immigration to Scovern has increased steadily in recent decades, with an increasing amount of asylum seekers and refugees entering the country. Immigration from elsewhere in Euclea is also common and Scovern has established itself as a popular destination for retirees to emigrate to.

Culture

Literature and philosophy

Clockwise from top-left: Ivan Kaare, known for his fairytales, Andreas Verner Borseller, playwright known for his realist works, Thomas Dall, founder of utilitarianism and welfarism, and Karl Tedusius Virn, influential philosopher and empiricist.

The first instances of Scovernois literature date back to the Marauder Age and were etched in stone in Old Ghaillish. As Scovern was converted to Sotirianity and the Rudolphine Confederation began to establish its presence, works of literature in Solarian emerged in Scovern, including the Mesconian national epic Megaronides, telling the story of a young boy who slays a golem. As the Amendist Reaction took place the first translations of the Bible into Mesconian and Vestelian were circulated.

[emergence of mesconian/vestelian language literature in the 17th century, fairytales, plays, modern realism literature] The 17th century and the introduction of the printing press led to a literary renaissance in Scovern, particularly in both the Mesconian and Vestelian languages.

Scovernois philosophy emerged mainly during the Amendist Reaction and the Enlightment. Taenarius' Patriam, Rex, Religio ("Country, King, Religion") was amongst the most well-known treatises of the 16th century. His namesake Taenarianism argued for the power of the king over the Pope in the Scovernois Catholic Church. Ludvig Vellev-Irmenach and Leon Riedrode-Mouritsen were pioneers of the concept of Forenede Folk, cultural unity between the peoples of Mesconia and Vestelia. Ragnar Reidar Thermund and Karl Tedusius Virn were leading philosophers of the 18th century and leading proponents of empiricism that became dominant amongst Scovernois philosophers of the time. Thermund and Virn are generally regarded by historians as having led the first "great wave" of Scovernois philosophy, alongside philosophers such as Storm Gedved, Daniel Steen-Kyvling, Nichlas Cimbria, and Arnold Rye.

The second "great wave" was led by Thomas Dall, who is regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism and welfarism. Other philosophers of the second wave include Esben Laursen, Marc Stilling, and Ove Avlby-Waldvelen, who also contributed to the development of 19th century economics.

Music

Scovernois musician Elena Rohde wearing the swan dress during the 1994 Euclovision Song Contest, which she won with "Jóga".

Music has been present in Scovernois society for thousands of years. The Annic joik was one of the first styles of music played on the island. The Ghailles placed a large emphasis on musical tradition when they settled in Scovern in the 9th century, introducing the bagpipes and forming the basis of much of traditional Scovernois music in later years.

Due to its geographical and political isolation from mainland Euclea, classical music in Scovern took time to develop and popularise in Scovernois society. Famous classical-era composers from Scovern include Sven Aune, Paul Ekern, Guðni Hildingsson, Mathias Høgh and Arthur Sørensen. Most of these composers were active in the 19th and 20th centuries, and composed a great number of symphonies and operas.

Contemporary and popular music became common beginning in the 1960s. Scovern is particularly known for its downtempo scene, which emerged in conjunction with the development of electronic music in major cities in the 1990s. Groups such as Cosmogramma, Dødssynder and Flintinge were pioneering in the genre, attaining domestic success in the early 1990s, though it was ultimately Elena Rohde who brought international recognition and acclaim to the genre. Blending it mainly with art pop, she gained worldwide fame during the decade, and won the 1994 Euclovision Song Contest with "Jóga".

Other genres in which Scovern is a notable exporter include alternative rock, ambient, black metal and house and shoegaze. Notable acts from these genres include Bloody Mary, Dauðaleið til Borgarness, Double Hélice, Flotteurs, Moonrocks and Neðanjarðar.

Sports

The most popular sports in Scovern are football, tennis, hockey (both ice and field) and cycling. The men's national football team is regarded as a good side, having finished runners-up at the 1983 Coupe du Monde. Scovern also hosted the 1951 Coupe du Monde, and its national top flight, the Førstenliga, is considered one of the top leagues in the world. Scovern has regularly provided world number ones in tennis, both in men's and women's rankings. One of cycling's Great Tours, the Niveauer, is held annually in Scovern.