Justicial State

State & overseas territory legislatures

Greater Morwall

Government (47)
  Social Democratic and Co-operative Party (47)
Supported by (5)
  Estmerish Section of the Workers' International (4)
  Hope Not Hate (1)
Opposition (49)
  Sotirian Democratic Union (18)
  Reform Party (7)
  Greens (6)
  Vox Estmere (6)
  Residents' Assocation (6)
  future.es (3)
  Estmere First (2)
  Reason Party (1)

Flurland

Government (158)
  Sotirian Democratic Union (158)
Opposition (155)
  Social Democratic and Co-operative Party (60)
  Reform Party (21)
  Greens (21)
  Estmere First (15)
  Liberty Party (12)
  Vox Estmere (10)
  Independents (10)
  Estmerish Section of the Workers' International (3)
  Flurian Language League (3)

Wealdland

Government (188)
  Social Democratic and Co-operative Party (137)
  Party of the Swathish (51)
Supported by (6)
  Aldman Democratic Alliance (6)
Opposition (161)
  Sotirian Democratic Union (106)
  Reform Party (23)
  Estmerish Section of the Workers' International (11)
  Greens (10)
  Estmere First (9)
  Hope Not Hate (2)

Kingsport

Government (32)
  Kingsport Socialist Co-operative Party (17)
  Kingsport Alliance for Change (9)
  The Kingsport Alternative (6)
Opposition (23)
  Kingsport United (13)
  Sotirian Democratic Union (8)
  Kabuese Section of the Workers' International (2)

St Roberts and Fleming

Government (30)
  Sotirian Social Democratic Party (30)
Supported by (4)
  Integration with Estmere Party (4)
Opposition (33)
  Social Democratic Liberation Party (19)
  Social Liberal Democratic Party (12)
  St Roberts and Fleming Section of the Workers' International (2)

List of Estmerish governments

	President	Head of government		Governing parties				Government
1938	Wolfgar Godfredson		Lawrence Montgomerie	SPP	NDP	ULP	RR	Montgomerie ministry
1939			Hugo Gilbert	SPP	NDP	ULP	RR	Gilbert ministry
1941				SPP		NDP	RR
1941			Vincent Holmes	SDCP				First Holmes ministry
1945				SDCP		RL	ESWI	Second Holmes ministry
1949			Richard Moore					Moore ministry
1949			Theodore Spencer	SPP		NDP		First Spencer ministry
1953	Louis de Neville		Fabian Young	SDCP		ULP	RL	Young ministry
1955			Theodore Spencer	SPP		NDP		Second Spencer ministry
1959								Third Spencer ministry
1960				SDU
1961			Guian FitzHubert					First FitzHubert ministry
1963	Anthony Atkinson			SDU		ULP		Second FitzHubert ministry
1965			Harry Hamilton					Harry Hamilton ministry
1966			Isaac Mosset	SDU		RR		First Mosset ministry
1967			Kenneth Lawson	SDCP	ULP	ESWI	RL	First Lawson ministry
1968	Milo Morris
1971				SDCP (minority)				Second Lawson ministry
1972			William Prentice					Prentice ministry
1973			David Armstrong					First Armstrong ministry
1973				SDCP		ULP	RL	Second Armstrong ministry
1976			Isaac Mosset	SDU (caretaker)				Second Mosset ministry
1977				SDU (minority)				Third Mosset ministry
1978	Rufus Wilson
1980			Michael Lowe					Lowe ministry
1981			Robert Reynolds	Reform				First Reynolds ministry
1983	Calvin Wright
1984				Reform (minority)				Second Reynolds ministry
1988								Third Reynolds ministry
1990			Melissa Smith					Smith ministry
1992			Charles Phillips	SDU (minority)				First Phillips ministry
1993	David Russell
1996								Second Phillips ministry
1997			Richard Hamilton	SDU		EF		Richard Hamilton ministry
1998			John Stephenson	SDU (minority)				Stephenson ministry
1999			Heidi Reid	Reform (minority)				First Reid ministry
2003	Toby Brown			Reform		SDCP		Second Reid ministry
2005				Reform (minority)				Third Reid ministry
2007				Reform		SDU		Fourth Reid ministry
2008	Alice Roberts		Daniel Hawkins					First Hawkins ministry
2008				Reform (minority)				Second Hawkins ministry
2012			Matthew Dawson	SDU (minority)				First Dawson ministry
2015			Alan Baskerville					Baskerville interim ministry
2016			Richard Graham					First Graham ministry
2016				SDU		Reform		Second Graham ministry
2018			Reginald Wilton-Smyth					First Wilton-Smyth ministry
2018								Second Wilton-Smyth ministry
2021			Zoe Halivar	SDCP (minority)				Halivar ministry

Neeves

Neeves
Nüven (Aldman) Neeven (Borish) Niven (Dellish) Nivid (Kirenian) Nevies (Swathish) Nieven (Weranian)
Mount Verdant, the highest mountain in the Neeves, from the Estmerish side
Highest point
Peak	Mount Verdant
Dimensions
Length	1,030 km (640 mi)
Width	140 km (87 mi)
Area	74,135 km2 (28,624 sq mi)
Naming
Etymology	From Montes Nivium, the Solarian name for the range
Translation	Snowy Mountains
Geography
Countries	Alsland, Borland, Estmere, Kirenia and Werania

The Neeves are one of the largest and tallest mountain ranges in Euclea, with the height of the range seocnd only to the Aventines. The mountains span across northern Euclea, stretching approximately 1,030 km (644 mi) through five countries; Alsland, Borland, Estmere, Kirenia and Werania.

The mountain range has had a significant effect on the climate and history of northern Euclea. Lands to the south of the range, such as Estmerish Highlands, are significantly drier, as they are within the rain shadow of the Neeves. As a major barrier to movement, the range has been a natural border for centuries; forming part of the northern border of the Solarian Empire and acting as a major southern boundary to the Rudolphine Confederation. In modern history, the Neeves allowed for Longwoodshire to resist the Gaullican advance during the Great War.

There has also been significant human habitation of the Neeves, dating back to at least the Paleolithic. These inhabitants have embraced cultures unique to those living in the surrounding areas; and this has persisted into contemporary times. Traditional industries such as animal herding, cheesemaking and mining were particulaly impactful on creating a unique Neevan culture across borders.

The economy of the region shifted at the turn of the last century. Tourism, particularly that revolving around skiing, has emerged as the primary driver of economic growth in the region, with traditional industries declining. Despite this, the cultural identity of the region has remained distinct.

1982 Shoreham by-election

Shoreham by-election

11 July 1982
Shoreham parliamentary seat
First party Second party   Candidate Harry Peterson Andrew Times Party Greens Reform Popular vote 10,522 6,410 Percentage 34.8% 21.2% Swing 32.9% 18.0%   Third party Fourth party   Candidate Gregory Houchingdon Anthony Burgess Party SDU SDCP Popular vote 6,289 5,261 Percentage 20.8% 17.4% Swing 20.9% 1.7%
MP before election David Johnson Sotirian Democratic Union Subsequent MP Harry Peterson Greens

A Shoreham by-election was held on 11 July 1982. The by-election was caused by the death of David Johnson on 7 May 1982, who had been elected on behalf of the Sotirian Democratic Union as the Member of Parliament for Shoreham less than a year prior.

The seat was traditionally an SDU-Radical Liberal (and later Reform Party) marginal, but the approval of a new nuclear power plant near the seat (approved by the previous SDU government and upheld by the new Reform government) majorly shifted the balance of power in the seat. The local anti-nuclear movement became a major factor, and the power plant itself became a major issue in the campaign. The Greens were able to flex their anti-nuclear credentials and act as a protest vote for both liberal and conservative voters in the seat.

The by-election was notable in that it saw the Greens win their first parliamentary constituency, catapulting them from extra-parliamentary opposition. The result was an embarassment for the SDU, and to a lesser extent to the governing Reform Party. The power plant's construction was paused indefinitely, and the seat was ultimately gained by the Reform Party in the next election, with the Greens in fourth place.

Results

Shoreham by-election, 1982

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Greens	Harry Peterson	10,522	34.8	+ 32.9
	Reform	Andrew Times	6,410	21.2	- 18.0
	SDU	Gregory Houchingdon	6,289	20.8	- 20.9
	SDCP	Anthony Burgess	5,261	17.4	+ 1.7
Majority			0,000	0.0	- 0.0
Turnout			30,236	00.0	+ 0.0
	Greens gain from Sotirian Democratic Union		Swing

10,522 34.8% 6,410 21.2% 6,289 20.8% 5,261 17.4% 1,754 5.8%

41.7% 39.2% 15.7% 1.9% 1.5%

2021 Reform Party leadership election

2021 Reform Party leadership election

22 July – 4 August 2021 (2021-07-22 – 2021-08-04)
Turnout	61.4% (3.2pp)
Candidate Jim Reynolds Marjanne Sudermann Popular vote 68,476 25,585 Percentage 72.8% 27.2%
Leader before election Esther Bennett Elected Leader Jim Reynolds

The 2021 Reform Party leadership election was held between 22 July and 4 August 2021 to elect a new leader of the Reform Party, after previous leader Esther Bennett resigned following the poor performance of the party in the 2021 general election.

A number of party members initially made known that they were interested in standing for the leadership. Former cabinet ministers Andrew Sinclair, Roseline Perrier, Nicola Ramsey and Marjanne Sudermann all put themselves forward for the leadership. On 12 July, party backbencher Jim Reynolds announced his intention to stand for the leadership as a unity candidate. Sinclair, Ramsey and Perrier withdrew and endorsed Reynolds.

Nominations closed on 18 July, with Reynolds and Sudermann as the only candidates. The final ballot saw Reynolds secure 72.8% of votes from the party membership, and he was declared as the new leader of the party on 4 August.

Background

The Reform Party had been led by Esther Bennett since her election as leader in October 2014. Bennett had succeeded former Prime Minister Daniel Hawkins. She sought to lead the party back to power in the 2016 general election, but was instead forced to sign a coalition deal with the Sotirian Democratic Union, her party's historic rivals.

Bennett served as Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary from 2016 until 2021, with a number of other high-ranking Reform politicians serving in a number of roles in the cabinet, first under Richard Graham and then under Reginald Wilton-Smyth. Her party experienced a poor result in the 2018 election, and in the 2021 election Bennett lost her seat of Tolbury Outer. The party saw a 9.6% swing against them in the party preference vote, and a 6.8% swing against them in the constituency vote. The party lost 57 seats, and the party's tepid reponse to the gambled pensions scandal was partially blamed for this.

Bennett resigned as leader. Deputy leader Andrew Sinclair became acting leader, while party president Charles Crampton became responsible for organising a leadership election.

Procedure

The procedure for a leadership election is outlined in the party's Governing Directives. When Esther Bennett announced her intention to stand down as leader, the Executive Committee - chaired by Party President Charles Crampton - was called to action in order to establish a timetable. The Committee met on 5 June, and officially released the timetable on 7 June.

Elections for Reform Party leadership positions use preferential voting, with voters able to rank candidates in order of their preference. According to the Governing Directives, the electorate for internal elections is comprised of all who held party membership at the time nominations open, establishing an effective cut-off date for membership in this election of 24 June.

The directives also outline the requirements for candidates. They must be a federal MP, and have to recieved nominations from either 5% (2) of the parliamentary Reform Party, 10% (7) of the party's (or sister party's) elected representatives across the constituent entities, or more than 1,000 ordinary party members.

Timetable

Key dates in the leadership election are listed below:

28 May	Esther Bennett steps down
7 June	Executive Committee sets timetable
25 June	Nominations open
18 July	Nominations close
22 July	Voting begins
3 August	Voting ends
4 August	Results announced

Campaign

The first candidate to self-nominate for the position was Roseline Perrier, who announced her intention on 2 July. As former Euclean Secretary, Perrier said that her leadership would focus on "open, liberal leadership" and a "firm committment" to the Euclean Community. On 3 July, Marjanne Sudermann announced her candidacy. Sudermann is an ethnic Aldman, arguably one of the most high-profile Aldmans in Estmerish politics, and former Equalities Secretary. She claimed that protecting the rights of linguistic and ethnic minorities would form a key pillar to her leadership.

Party deputy leader and former Justice Secretary Andrew Sinclair put himself forward on 4 July, as the "moderate, free-thinking" alternative with "experience to spare". He was followed by Nicola Ramsey, the former Labour and Business Secretary, on 7 July, who had previously explored Reform's options with entering coalition with the SDCP, and is considered to be on the party's left.

On 12 July, Jim Reynolds announced his intention to seek the leadership. As the son of party founder Robert Reynolds and as Defence Secretary in the Second Reid ministry, Reynolds had been widely seen as a potential leader for some time. He announced his intention to "unite the party", by "returning to its roots". After he announced his intention to stand, Sinclair, Perrier and Ramsey all withdrew from the race on the same day and announced their support for Reynolds. Sudermann remained in the race.

Both candidates recieved enough nominations from MPs by 13 July. Reynolds had recieved more nominations than Sudermann by the close of nominations on 18 July.

Reynolds was considered the frontrunner among the final two candidates, having more name recognition and being the only candidate to have served in a Reform-led government. Sudermann was considered to be from the party's left, as a social liberal and a progressive, while Reynolds was seen as a party centrist and a unifying figure. Both candidates have criticised the party's coalition with the Sotirian Democratic Union; but Reynolds' criticism was seen as more authentic as, unlike Sudermann, he did not serve in Wilton-Smyth's government.

Candidates

Declared

Candidate		Most recent position	Constituency	Announced	Campaign logo
Jim Reynolds		Secretary of State for Defence (2003-2007)	Hazelham and Grenfield	12 July
Marjanne Sudermann		Secretary of State for Equalities (2018-2021)	Wealdland List	3 July

Withdrawn

Candidate	Most recent position	Constituency	Announced	Withdrew	Campaign logo
Andrew Sinclair	Secretary of State for Justice (2016-2021)	Colton North	4 July	12 July (endorsed Reynolds)
Nicola Ramsey	Secretary of State for Labour, Business and Social Dialogue (2018-2021)	Driscoll and the Borders	7 July	12 July (endorsed Reynolds)
Roseline Perrier	Secretary of State for the Euclean Community (2017-2021)	Flurland List	2 July	12 July (endorsed Reynolds)

Declined

• Willie Woodroofe, Secretary of State for Commerce and International Trade from 2018 to 2021 (endorsed Reynolds)
• Steve Hooten, Secretary of State for Energy and Natural Gas from 2018 to 2021 (endorsed Reynolds)

Endorsements

Jim Reynolds

• Melissa Smith, Prime Minister from 1990 to 1992
• Willie Woodroofe, Secretary of State for Commerce and International Trade from 2018 to 2021
• Steve Hooten, Secretary of State for Energy and Natural Gas from 2018 to 2021
• Andrew Sinclair, Secretary of State for Justice from 2016 to 2021
• Nicola Ramsey, Secretary of State for Labour, Business and Social Dialogue from 2018 to 2021
• Roseline Perrier, Secretary of State for the Euclean Community from 2017 to 2021
• Abigail Kynd, journalist at The Standard

Marjanne Sudermann

• Matt LePonde, journalist at The Standard

Results

Results

Candidate		Votes	%
	Y Jim Reynolds	68,476		72.8
	Marjanne Sudermann	25,585		27.2
Total		94,061	Turnout	61.4

Amendist Reaction

The ideas and death of Estmerish amender Johanne Stearn contributed directly to the Reaction.

The Amendist Reaction, also known as the Amendist Reformation or the Amendist Schism, was a major schism in 1500s Sotirianity in which the pre-eminant and dominant Solarian Catholic Church was challenged by dissident religious leaders, in response to a number of percieved failings within the Church, such as Papal dynasties, indulgences, general corruption and a culture of excess. The Reaction saw the rise of Amendism as a major Sotirian denomination.

There is some debate about the exact begining of the Reaction. It is agreed to begin between 1506, when Johanne Stearn began preaching his heretical doctrine and 1514, when Stearn was excommunicated and martyred at the gates of Solaria. Prior to Stearn, there was also a number of earlier movements which attempted to amend the Church. Nevertheless, the death of Stearn after his Pilgrimage of Humility set much of the Reaction into motion, and Stearn's emergence as a martyr united the disparate amendist elements of northern Euclea, noble and lowborn alike, against the Church.

The Humble Petition and the Stearnian Bible both spread throughout the north, in part due to the invention of the printing press, which allowed for such religious materials to be quickly disseminated. A distinct Amendist Belt emerged across the north of the continent, with Estmere, Borland, Hennehouwe, Caldia, Azmara, Pergia, and much of Kirenia and Werania embracing the Reaction. Many new churches sprung up across the north, largely following a congregationalist structure. Eventually state churches emerged organised on different structures, such as the Church of Caldia and the Church of Azmara. These newly Amendist countries came into conflict with the Catholic continent, and the Amendist Wars were subsequently fought as the demand for free practice of religion was made.

To fill the void left by Stearn's death, a number of other leaders emerged, such as Hans Brúgel, Robert Welby, Johan Kasper and Seán Creag. These leaders contributed to the rise of different branches within Amendism, such as Gospelism, Kasperism and Embrianism. The exact end of the Reaction is disputed, but there is some consensus that it ended sometime following the Peace of Frankendorf, which put an end to the Amendist Wars.

Name

The events are most commonly described as the Amendist Reaction, as the movement aimed to amend the Solarian Catholic Church, in reaction to the Church's percieved failings and to the death of Johanne Stearn. Amendist Reformation is also sometimes used, in reference to the amenders' attempts to reform the church. Amendist Schism is additionally sometimes used, generally by non-Amendists.

Background

-early amendist movements --caldish “we are already de facto independent time to just make it fact with some slight alterations to doctrine” -issues with the church at the time

History

Stearn's awakening

Main article: Johanne Stearn

In 1486, Johanne Stearn was ordained as a priest of the Catholic Church in Estmere. It was not long before Stearn took an interest in papal and Euclean history, and became a prominent scholar of Sotirian history. Through his interest and research, Stearn began to question many of the then-contemporary practices of the Church, such as indulgences, the Solarian liturgical rites and in particular the papal dynasties. In Stearn's view, these practices were symbolic of the wider moral decline and growing corruption of a church which had embraced excess. Stearn eventually garnered a large following, from far beyond his parish in Estmere. In 1512 Stearn wrote the Humble Petition, which was intended to serve as crucial advice for the Catholic Church to reform and return to its humble origins.

Pilgrimage of Humility

Main article: Pilgrimage of Humility

A 1520s pamplhet describing the Pilgrimage of Humility.

Eventually, Stearn and his followers including Hans Brúgel and Johan Kasper decide to present the Humble Petition to the Papal Conclave directly, aiming to convince Pope Popeman himself to embark on their proposed reforms. The march on Solaria soon takes on a mind of its own, however, as a number of peasants eventually join the march as well. News of this growing congregation eventually reaches Solaria, and the Church misreads the situation; believing that this is a growing army. This was to be the Pilgrimage of Humility, the event widely agreed by historians to be the spark of the Reaction.

After almost six months of travel, the Pilgrimage arrived in the Holy City in 1513. Stearn and his the other reformers attempt to present their petition to the Pope directly, but they are refused entry to the papal complex by the Guardians of the Throne of Saint Peter, who are under orders to treat the crowd with suspiscion. The great number of peasants in the pilgrimage eventually become agitated, as the Knights Cathedra kettle them into a small courtyard.

Exactly what happened next has become a source of debate for historians. The traditional Amendist view is that the Pope ordered the Knights Cathedra to advance in order to kill Stearn before he could become a threat to the Church; the traditional Catholic view is that Stearn ordered the mob to advance and that the Knights Cathedra acted in self-defence. Modern historians have suggested that the situation was entirely a misunderstanding, perpetuated by both sides.

Ultimately, however, Johanne Stearn is killed by a Knight Cathedra. The peasantry dispersed, but also suffered casualities. Stearn's death turns him into a martyr for the Amendist cause, and the reaction to his death spurs on the adoption of his gospel throughout the Amendist Belt. The surviving peasants spread his teachings in their homelands, and the printing press allowed for Stearn's words and Bibles in localised languages to be spread across Euclea en-masse.

Spread and splintering

Hans Brúgel, the progenitor of Gospelism.

Stearn's death served to martyr him and spread the Amendist movement widely, but it also left the movement without defined leadership. In his place, a number of other leaders emerged. The included Robert Welby in Estmere, Johan Kasper in Hennehouwe, Seán Creag in Caldia and Hans Brúgel in Weranian-speaking Kirenia. All of these leaders had different ideas on how the Reaction should proceed, which caused the movement to splinter into branches.

Congregationalism was the dominant form of church organisation in the Amendist movement until Brúgel began advocating for state churches instead. This ultimately, along with other theological disputes, fostered the Gospelite-Kasperite split. In 1519, the Embrian Communion was formed, which aimed to chart a via media between state churches and congregationalist organisations, by creating a state union of Churches in support of King William II.

Amendism emerged as the predominant denomination across the emerging Amendist Belt over the next few decades. A number of secular governments eventually embraced the Reaction, most notably those of Estmere, Borland, and Caldia. In other countries, while many peasants embraced Amendism, the governments remained staunchly Catholic, such as in Kirenia and Cislania. This would contribute to the migration of the Witterites, among other things.

The conversion of states to Amendism often served as the justification for war, serving to bring Euclea in to an era of religious wars. This occured in the Kingdom of Kasavy and in Pergia, among other countries, wherein their embrace of Amendism led to military reactions from Catholic Gaullica. This, combined with growing religious tensions in the Rudolphine Confederation, which now housed both Amendist and Catholic princes, would ultimately lead to the Amendist Wars.

Legacy

Prominent Amenders

• 

  Jakob Witter

• 

  Herman Marckssun

• 

  Johan Kasper

• 

  Johanne Stearn

• 

  Robert Welby

• 

  Seán Creag

• 

  Hans Brúgel

The Amendist Reaction failed its founding aim of amending the dominant Catholic Church, but the aftermath of the reaction nevertheless changed the face of Euclea. The emergence of Amendism as a prominent strand of Sotirianity fostered a decline in the continental influence of the Catholic Church, and animosity between Amendists and Catholics became an important part of Euclean life.

The splits that emerged in the Amendist movement gradually solidifed into numerous branches, with many theological distinctions. Gospelism emerged from the teachings of Hans Brúgel, Kasperism from Johan Kasper, Embrianism from Robert Welby, Seán Creag helped establish Calidonianism, and Witterism was led by the joint amenders Jakob and Maria Witter.

The Amendist Wars and the loss of life that they brought subsequently led to the Peace of Frankendorf, which was revolutionary in that it enshrined the legal principle of cuius regio, eius religio, which allowed Euclean states to maintain their own creeds without the neccessity of conflict between them. This principle was a major forerunner of wider freedom of religion, and the Peace additionally helped to establish the concept of Franconian sovereignty; that a state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory. This principle helped to guide the modern understanding of sovereign states.

Wealdland

Sister Republic of Wealdland tbd
Constituent Entity
Flag
Motto(s):  tbd english translation
Anthem: tbd
Country	Template:Country data Estmere
Established	13 June 1938
Capital	Tolbury
Government
• Type	Parliamentary constituent entity within a federal republic
• Body	Folksmoot
• First Minister	so and so (SDCP)
Population  (2015)
• Total	27,933,124
Demonyms	Swathish Wealdish Swatch (archaic)
Official languages	Estmerish Swathish

Wealdland (Swathish: tbd), officially the Sister Republic of Wealdland (Swathish: tbd),

Education in Estmere

Age	Compulsorary?	Year	School			Division	Final exam
3 to 4	No	Nursery					None
4 to 5	Yes	Preparatory	Primary			Infant
5 to 6		Year 1
6 to 7		Year 2					Basic Comprehension Exams
7 to 8		Year 3				Junior	None
8 to 9		Year 4
9 to 10		Year 5
10 to 11		Year 6					Advanced Comprehension Exams Eleven+
11 to 12		Year 7	Comprehensive	Grammar	Technical	Lower senior	None
12 to 13		Year 8
13 to 14		Year 9
14 to 15		Year 10				Upper senior
15 to 16		Year 11					Basic Certificates	Vocational Qualifications Level 1
16 to 17	No	Year 12	College			Lower collegiate	None
17 to 18		Year 13				Upper collegiate	Advanced Certificates	Vocational Qualifications Level 2

Alte Bruderschaft

Weranian Premier Otto von Hößlin (left) with former Estmerish Prime Minister Reginald Wilton-Smyth in 2018. Wilton-Smyth and von Hößlin were seen as particularly committed to the Alte Bruderschaft.

The Alte Bruderschaft (Estmerish: Old Brotherhood) is a term often used to describe the special relationship between Estmere and Werania, in the form of the close culutral, diplomatic, economic, political and military relations that the two nations share. Both countries share a historic relationship, and the two have shared an alliance in one form or another since Weranian Unification; as such, the two have participated jointly in a number of conflicts, such as the War of the Triple Alliance, the Great War, the Solarian War, the Kirenian-Weranian War and the Tsabaran Civil War.

The term was first coined by Weranian foreign minister Adolf Ritter von Kral in 1883, following the peaceful resolution of the Lake Edward dispute. It was used more broadly in the run up to the Great War The term has subsequently been used by leaders and commentators from both countries.

Historically, the bruderschaft has greatly influenced Euclea. Starting with Estmerish support for the unification of Werania, the relationship and alliance between the two countries would later serve as the primary anchor around which the Grand Alliance was built. The relationship was instrumental in Werania's accession to the Euclean Community, and within the EC the two countries have repeatedly acted together for their mutual interest.

The strength of the Alte Bruderschaft has fluctuated over time, and its political component is seen as dependent on the leadership of the two countries. There have been a number of particularly close relationships among the heads of government of the two countries, such as between Viktor Beer-Hofmann and Fabian Young, between Ludolf Ostermann and Robert Reynolds, between Heidi Reid and Rasa Šimonytė, and recently between Reginald Wilton-Smyth and Otto von Hößlin. Critics have disputed the extent of the Bruderschaft, particularly in terms of its political, diplomatic and military aspects.

Name and terminology

Weranian foreign minister Adolf Ritter von Kral made the first recorded use of the term in 1883, in conversation with the Estmerish ambassador and the Weranian press. This was following the conclusion of the Lake Edward dispute, in which Werania and Estmere peacefully resolved a colonial border crisis. Von Kral hailed the Alte Bruderschaft that the two nations shared. He made note of the shared history and culture of the two countries, commenting on the mutual influences on each nation's cuisine, culture and political systems. After it's use by von Kral, the term became widely used in both Estmere and Werania, and has been used by leaders and commentators from both countries since.

History

Relationships of the Alte Bruderschaft

Duration	Prime Minister	Premier
1934–1937	Godfredson	Röttgen
1937–1938	Godfredson	von Pittermann
1938–1939	Montgomerie	von Pittermann
1939	Montgomerie	Nischwitz
1939–1941	Gilbert	Nischwitz
1941	Gilbert	zu Kolbenheyer
1941–1944	Holmes	zu Kolbenheyer
1941–1949	Holmes	Rössler
1949	Moore	Rössler
1949–1950	Spencer	Rössler
1950	Spencer	von Günther
1950–1953	Spencer	Beer-Hofmann
1953–1955	Young	Beer-Hofmann
1955	Young	Vogel
1955–1960	Spencer	Vogel
1960–1961	Spencer	Stahl
1961–1963	FitzHubert	Stahl
1963–1965	Hamilton	Wiefelspütz
1965–1966	Hamilton	Wiefelspütz
1966	Mosset	Wiefelspütz
1966–1967	Mosset	von Münstermann
1967–1969	Lawson	von Münstermann
1969–1972	Lawson	Welskopf-Henrich
1972	Lawson	Wiefelspütz
1972–1973	Prentice	Wiefelspütz
1973–1975	Armstrong	Wiefelspütz
1975–1976	Armstrong	Zollitsch
1976–1980	Mosset	Zollitsch
1980	Mosset	Vinkauskas
1980–1981	Lowe	Vinkauskas
1981–1984	Reynolds	Vinkauskas
1984–1990	Reynolds	Ostermann
1990–1992	Smith	Ostermann
1992–1993	Phillips	Ostermann
1993–1997	Phillips	Löscher
1997–1998	Hamilton	Löscher
1998–1999	Stephenson	Löscher
1999	Stephenson	Šimonytė
1999–2008	Reid	Šimonytė
2008–2009	Hawkins	Šimonytė
2009–2011	Hawkins	Wittmann
2011–2012	Hawkins	Koopmann
2012–2013	Dawson	Koopmann
2013–2015	Dawson	Oberhauser
2015–2016	Baskerville	Oberhauser
2016–2018	Graham	Oberhauser
2018	Graham	Felder
2018–2019	Wilton-Smyth	Felder
2019–2021	Wilton-Smyth	von Hößlin
2021	Halivar	von Hößlin

Parliament of Estmere

Parliament of Estmere Folkmoot of Eastmarchon Parlement d'Estme
25th Parliament
Type
Type	Bicameral
Chambers	Chamber of Peers Chamber of Commons
History
Founded	June 13, 1938 (1938-06-13)
Preceded by	Constitutional Assembly
Leadership
President	Alice Roberts, Independent since 9 August 2008
Speaker of the Peers	Dominic Penderghast, Non-partisan since 30 May 2013
Speaker of the Commons	Lesley Lewin, Non-partisan since 16 June 2018
Prime Minister	Zoe Halivar, SDCP since 3 June 2021
Leader of the Opposition	Reginald Wilton-Smyth, SDU since 3 June 2021
Structure
Seats	900 300 (Peers) 600 (Commons)
Chamber of Peers political groups	Government (76)   SDCP (76) Supported by (10)   Greens (6)   ESWI (4) Crossbenchers (100)   Crossbenchers (100) Official opposition (60)   SDU (60) Other opposition (54)   Reform (42)   PS (12)
File:2021 Estmere Parliament.svg
Chamber of Commons political groups	Government (253)   SDCP (253) Supported by (78)   Greens (40)   ESWI (21)   Vox Estmere (10)   future.es (7) Official opposition (199)   SDU (199) Other opposition (70)   Reform (44)   SCCA (14)   PS (10)   ADA (2)
Elections
Chamber of Commons voting system	Additional member system
Last election	27 May 2021
Next election	On or before 26 May 2025
Meeting place
Parliament Building City of Morwall, Greater Morwall Commonwealth of Estmere
Website
parliament.gov.es

The Parliament of Estmere (Swathish: Folkmoot of Eastmarchon, Flurian: Parlement d'Estme) is the supreme bicameral legislative body of Estmere. Parliament consists of two chambers, the upper chamber being the Chamber of Peers and the lower chamber being the Chamber of Commons.

Parliament possesses legislative supremacy and parliamentary sovereignty. Among the two chambers, the Commons is considered supreme, drafts all legislation and can overrule the Chamber of Peers, in a case of imperfect bicameralism. Parliament meets in Parliament Building, in the Borough of the City of Morwall. Parliamentary terms can last for a maximum of four years, after which another election must be held.

The Chamber of Commons is elected through the additional member system, and therefore Members can be elected to represent a constituency, or as part of a party list representing one of the constituent entities. The Chamber of Peers is appointed, with Peers appointed to serve for a single ten year term. Peers can be appointed either by the President (in which case they must be politically neutral crossbenchers) or by the constituent entities.

The most recent general election was held on 27 May 2021; the next must be held on or before 26 May 2025.