Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics
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Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics اتحاد جماهیرعرفانی زرصانی Ettehād-ye Jamaheer-ye Erfāni-ye Zorasāni الاتحاد الجمهوريات العرفانية الكرصانية al-Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīyyat al-Irfānīyyah al-Kurṣāniyyah | |
|---|---|
 Emblem
| |
Motto:
National ideology: Sattarisim | |
Anthem:
| |
Great Seal | |
 Zorasan in blue, Coius in light blue and claimed territories in dark blue | |
| Capital and largest city | Zahedan, UTC |
| Official languages | Rahelian Pardarian |
| Recognised regional languages | Kexri Syriati Yanogu |
| Ethnic groups | See Ethnicity |
| Religion | State religion: Irfan (Arta and Hasawi) Constitutionally recognised minority religions: Maronite Catholicism, Atuditism, Zoroastrianism, Druze |
| Demonym(s) | Zorasani (common) Sattari (official) |
| Government | Federal Sattarist single-party state |
| Rahim Ali Haftar | |
| Gafur Qahhor | |
| Sadavir Hatami | |
| Adavazdar Golzadari | |
| Ibrahim Al-Fahim | |
| Legislature | Supreme Assembly of the Union |
| Established | |
| 10 December 1979 | |
• Established | 1 January 1980 |
• Turfan | February-July 2005 |
| 13 July 2008 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,692,920 km2 (1,811,950 sq mi) ([[List of countries and dependencies by area|3rd]]) |
• Water (%) | 1.3% |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate |  204,118,980 |
• 2012 census | 195,369,278 |
• Density | 36.88/km2 (95.5/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | $2.681 trillion (13th) |
• Per capita | $12,997 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | $1.949 trillion (9th) |
• Per capita | $9,450 |
| Gini | 34 medium |
| HDI | 0.784 high |
| Currency | Toman (₮) |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +39 |
The Union of Zorasani Irfanic Repulics (Pasdani: اتحاد جماهیرعرفانی زرصانی; Ettehād-ye Jamaheer-ye Erfāni-ye Zorasāni; Rahelian: الاتحاد الجمهوريات العرفانية الكرصانية; al-Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīyyat al-Irfānīyyah al-Kurṣāniyyah), commonly called the Zorasani Union, Zorasan or the UZIR, is a federal Sattarist-Renovationist one-party state located in northern Coius. The UZIR is bordered by Xiaodong and Kumuso to the south, Ajahadya and Gulbistan to the west, Tsabara to the north, Mabifia and Dezevau to the east. It is bound by the Gulf of Parishar to the north and Acheloian Sea to the north-west. The UZIR is a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual state, including Pardarians, Rahelians, Togotis, Chanwanese and others. Irfan is the official state religion, but does not denote a specifical denomination. The country's population was estimated to be 204.118 million in 2020, making it the third largest in the world and third largest in Coius. With a total area of 4,692,920 km2 (1,811,950 sq mi), it is the third largest in the world, behind Cassier and Xiaodong. The capital and largest city is Zahedan, with other prominent metropolitan areas including Borazjan, Javanrud, Faidah and Bandar-e Sattari.
Zorasan is home to some of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Asirani and Galdian kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. Both the Pardarian and Rahelian civilisations would be united under the former through the Barzanid Empire between 690 and 660 BCE. The Sorsanid Empire which followed, would establish the tradition of Pardarian rule from the 4th century BCE until the 19th century. Successive Pardarian dynasties ruled until 320 BCE with the Rise of Irfan and the establishment of the Heavenly Dominions by the Prophet Ashavazdar Fereydun in 300 BCE. The rise of Irfan was followed by the Irfanic Conquests that expanded the religion and frontiers of the Dominions across much of Northern Coius and into Bahia. In the 9 Century, the country was devastated by the Tagamic Invasions but recovered into the Irfanic Golden Age. The Heavenly Dominions came to an end in 1100 CE with the establishment of the Gorsanid Dynasty. Zorasan would fall under Togoti rule during the late 17th century until a Gorsanid restoration in 1703.
Euclean imperialism coupled with Gorsanid inability to modernise resulted in the Etrurian conquest of Zorasan between 1830 and 1860. The Empire was partitioned into Etrurian colonies and protectorates, while other Euclean powers received concession ports in the Treaty of San Gennaro. A rump monarchy was permitted to exist, albeit as a protectorate of Etruria, this led to the formation of the Sublime State of Pardaran. While nominally averse to using violence to exert its authority, Etrurian colonial rule was marked by several uprisings and the emergence of competing and divergent nationalist movements. A failed uprising from 1918 to 1921 resulted in the emergence of the Pardarian Revolutionary Resistance Command and Pan-Zorasanist Sattarism. Despite efforts to secure independence in the Great War, freedom would not be granted until 1946 following the Solarian War. Several independent states emerged out of the collapse of Etruria’s colonial possessions. The end of the Pardarian Civil War in 1950, marked the beginning of Zorasani Unification, which would be marked by two major conflicts, the Rahelian War and the Irvadistan War, between the Union of Khazestan and Pardaran against the northern Rahelian states. The UKP’s victory in 1977 over the United Rahelian People’s Republic and the subsequent Union Republic Referendum in 1979, resulted in the establishment of the UZIR and success of unification a year later. Between 1980 and 1990, the newly formed UZIR under the National Renovation Front underwent significant change and bouts of violent instability as unification was consolidated. However, in 1990 a reformist leadership assumed power and instituted a series of social and economic reforms that resulted in high economic growth. These reforms however resulted in increasing inequality and class tensions in the early 2000s and coupled with political reforms threatened the peace between the various ethnic groups. In 2005, the liberal reformist leadership was overthrown in the Turfan, resulting the return of hardline Sattarist governance. Continued but statist-defined reforms restored rapid economic growth and development. In 2017, Zorasan became the third largest economy in Coius.
Zorasan is a major power, a newly industrialised country and is considered an energy superpower owing to its vast reserves of oil and gas and being the world's largest producer. It is a member of the Community of Nations, GIFA, International Forum for Developing States and the ITO and a founding member of the Rongzhuo Strategic Protocol Organisation and Irfanic Cooperative Congress. It has a space programme which includes several planned or completed extraterrestrial missions. Zorasani television, movies, music, and spiritual teachings play an increasing role in Irfanic-Coian culture.
Etymology
The roots of the name Zorasan can be traced back to the Middle Pasdani "Xwarāsān", meaning "Land of the Sun." It was first used to denote the expanse of territories under the Arasanid Empire, when in 325 BCE, Shah Farrokhan II proclaimed his empire to be the "greatest expanse under the Sun" in a series of poems written in that year. His coining of the term was adopted by the First Heavenly Dominion during the Rise of Irfan, when the Prophet Ashavazdar, declared his intention to "free all Zorasan from the bounds of ignorance." The term from its inception until the Pardarian Civil War in the late 1940s, was rarely used to denote a singular polity, but rather a geographical region, under the Arasanids it denoted the imperial heartlands, which corresponded mostly to the modern bounderies of Zorasan, while under the Heavenly Dominions, "Zorasan" was used to denote the entirety of the Irfanic World, often due to the metaphorical comparison of the Sun to Khoda. Its relationship with the rise and spread of Irfan, alongside the definable boundries of Zorasan provided by the Shahs enabled the term to become culturally and political engrained in both the Pardarian and Rahelian peoples.
The use of "Zorasan" as a geographical term continued under the post-Dominion Pasdani empires and would see continued use by Etruria following the Conquest of Zorasan. The dismemberment of Gorsanid Zorasan in 1860 by the Etrurian colonial authorities saw "Zorasan" fall out of official use as the Etrurians sought to identify their colonial posessions independently of one another to deter a unified uprising. Between 1860 and 1946, the Etrurian colonies in Zorasan were collectively referred to as the "Southern Dominions" (Vespasian: Domini Meridionali), while the various underground anti-colonial movements maintained the use of Zorasan illicitly.
Following the de-colonisation of Zorasan in 1946, in wake of the Solarian War, the term's use fell exclusively to political figures in Pardaran, as the Rahelian states emerging out of the Etrurian colonies strove to secure independent national identities. However, the term Zorasan remained highly popular among the rural and urban poor classes, who saw Zorasan as a moniker for a pre-colonial time of prosperity, unity and independence. The Pardarian Civil War and rise of Renovationism in wake of the Khazi Revolution resulted in Zorasan's useage returning to the norm and was subject to considerable propaganda, fuelled by Pan-Zorasanism and Zorasani unification. The completion of unification in 1980 saw "Zorasan" be adopted as the official name of the unified country.
History
Pre-history
The earliest attested archaeological artifacts in Zorasan, like those excavated at Dorshad and Zarashfud, confirm a human presence in both Khazestan and Pardaran since 300,000 BC. Pardaran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic have been found mainly in the Miran region. From the 10th to the seventh millennium BC, early agricultural communities began to flourish in and around the Miran region in eastern Pardaran.
Pardarian development ran almost concurrently to the emergence of civilisations in the Asirani valley, in neighboring modern Khazestan. In Khazestan, the early Galdian civilisation became the source of what is debated to be the world's first writing system and recorded history itself were born. The Galdians are also argued to be the first to harness the wheel and create City States, and whose writings record the first evidence of Mathematics, Astronomy, Astrology, Written Law, Medicine and Organised religion. Writing systems also emerged in eastern Pardaran, with similar systems of cuneform to that of the Galdians.
Sorsanid Empire (550 BCE-400 BCE)
Arasanid Empire (400-322 BCE)
Rise of Irfan (322-300 BCE)
Heavenly Dominions (300-1100)
Gorsanid Empire (1100-1700)
Gorsanid collapse (1700-1880)
Colonial Zorasan (1880-1946)
Independence and Civil War (1946-1950)
Following the end of the Solarian War, the Treaty of Ashcombe restored independence to Etruria’s colonial possessions, establishing the independent states of Pardaran, Khazestan, Emirate of Irvadistan, Kexri Republic and the Confederation of Riyhadi Kingdoms. The use of the 1889 Treaty of Verlois to establish the borders, alongside the lack of legitimacy of the new governments resulted in the collapse of authority and government across swathes of Zorasan, and the emergence of warlord cliques, small statelets and two rival governments in Pardaran.
The Shahdom under Ahmad Reza Shah failed to establish control over the internationally recognised borders of Pardaran, owing to the Shahdom’s history as a compliant protectorate of Etruria since 1869. This allowed two military cliques and a nascent democratic republic to emerge in the north-west, while the Xiaodong-backed Pardarian Revolutionary Resistance Command; which had dominated the resistance movement during the Zorasani Rebellion (1936-1946) coalesced in the far-south. Competing ambitions eventually led to a multifaceted civil war that ultimately led to a PRRC victory over its rivals and the establishment of the Free Zorasani Republic in 1950.
In the Rahelian east of Zorasan, the Kingdoms of Khazestan and Irvadistan stabilised relatively quickly, with King Hussein I of Khazestan and King Said Ali of Irvadistan cooperating in confronting restive Rahelian tribes in the Al-Hizan region. Both kingdoms restored order and stability within their mandated borders by 1948, although economic crises and the spread of Pro-Sattarist elements in Khazestan would undermine the monarchy until its downfall in 1952. In the east, the Kexri Republic under its left-wing nationalist governnment sought to expand its borders at the expense of Rahelian, Druze and Yazidi tribes and local communities, culminating in the Kexri War (1946-1959). The various emirates and kingdoms of the Riyadha peninsula were the only states to stabilise immediately upon independence, coalescing into the Confederation of Riyhadi Kingdoms under the pro-Euclean Emir Rafiq Ali. Riyadha became a prominent safe haven for refugees and exiled writers, political thinkers and activists, who fled Pardaran toward the end of the civil war.
By 1950, the states forged by the Treaty of Ashcombe had established themselves, though the instability and anarchy of the four-year period produced a climate of intense revolutionary activity, ideological entrenchment and a deep divided between Pan-Zorasanism and nationalism. This divide would form the basis for the process of Zorasani Unification, as Pardaran and its Sattarist ideology expanded across Zorasan through revolution, coups and war.
Unification of Zorasan (1950-1979)
The situation in Zorasan by 1950, though mostly stabilised politically, was still stricken by extensive war-time devastation, economic collapse, famine and shortages. The civil war in Pardaran saw extensive use of propaganda and radio by the PRRC leader, Mahrdad Ali Sattari who broadcasted daily, messages of republicanism, socialism, pan-Zorasanism and the threat of renewed colonialism. This broadcast were made across Zorasan, which led to the emergence of mass Sattarist movements in the Rahelian states. The failure by the new states to immediately confront the devastation caused by the Great and Solarian Wars had profound effects on their internal stability.
In 1962, a coalition of Rahelian, Druze and Yazidi rebel groups united to form the Revolutionary Resistance Command of Ninevah (RRCN). Aided by the UKP, it escalated its guerrilla war, while the UKP invaded the Kexri Republic in May 1962. An RRCN offensive on the Kexri capital of Surayda Hemko decapitated the Kexri government and the republic swiftly collapsed. A widely regarded rigged referendum six months later saw the former Kexri Republic merged into the UKP as the Region of Ninevah. This victory for the UKP greatly upset the balance of power and directly led to the Rahelian War in 1963. During the three-year conflict, the UKP would defeat the allied forces of Irvadistan, North Khazestan and the Riyhadi Confederation, and would see the reunification of Khazestan within the UKP.
Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics (1980-present)
Geography
Zorasan is located in northern-central Coius and is one of the largest countries in the world, with a total area of 4,692,920 km2 (1,811,946 sq mi), the second largest in Coius after Xiaodong and the third largest in the world. To the north, Zorasan is bounded by the Gulf of Parishar and beyond by the Solarian Sea. The Gulf of Parishar is home to several small archipelagos, including the Khazal islands. Some sandbars have been built into sizeable islands through the use of dredging of the seabed, this includes Qabre Nakhoda island, some of these islands were constructed during the early 2010s as a result of Zorasan's government seeking to expand its exclusive economic zone. The coastal regions of north-west Zorasan are bounded by the Mazdan Sea. To the north-east, Zorasan borders Tsabara and Ihram, to the east it is bordered by Mabifia and Dezevau, to the south it is bordered by Kumuso, and Xiaodong through the Kharkestar Corridor. To the west, Zorasan borders Ajahadya and Sinharia.
The geography of Zorasan is divided into five distinct regions, the Great Steppe, the Tinnin-Gahvareh Region, which includes the Dasht-e Aftab desert, Gulistan of north-western Pardaran, the Sharezan Forests of Khazestan, Ninevah and Ajad and finally, the Irvadistan region. These five distinct regions also provide separate climates and biomes for fauna and flora.
The five regions are such:
- Great Steppe: The Great Coian Steppe, covers much of southwestern Zorasan and an estimated 15% of its total land area. The Zorasani region of the steppe is dominated by flat open grassland and shrubland and is sparsely populated. The northwestern region of the Zorasani steppe as it approaches the Gulistan, it transitions from grass and shrublands to forest steppe, with thicker seasonal growth interspersed by forests and woodland. The Steppe is shared with Zorasan’s neighbours, Sinharia, Kumuso, Ajahadya and Xiaodong. Zorasan and Xiaodong are connected via the Kharkestar Corridor.
- Gulistan: The Gulistan region of Zorasan dominates the entire north-west of Pardaran. Gulistan is a Pasdani word for “The Rose Garden”, named for the lush and thick forests and grass covered hills and valleys. The Gulistan region receives the second highest degree of precipitation after the Sharestan region.
- Tinnin-Gahvareh Region: The central regions of Pardaran and western Khazestan fall under this region. The Tinnin-Gahvareh Region contains three distinct regions in itself, the Gahvareh Basin, the Tinnin Plateau and the Dasht-e Aftab desert. The Gahvareh basin forms north of the Great Steppe as the elevation declines to several hundred feet above sealevel. The Basin contains Lake Sattari is a semi-desert biome, though its topography is relatively flat. East of the Basin is the Dasht-e Aftab, one of the world’s largest deserts and hosting the world’s largest salt flat. The Dasht-e Aftab also hosts the Darb-e Jahannam (Gate of Hell), where the temperature can reach 70.7 °C (159.3 °F) on average daily, during the height of the summer months. North of the Basin and Dasht-e Aftab is the Tinnin Plateau, which is an extension of the Steppe’s topography, running west-to-east. At the centre of the plateau is the Tinnin Mountain range, which hosts Mount Fereydun, Zorasan’s tallest peak, with a height of 5,609.2 m (18,403 ft). Despite the presence of the Dasht-e Aftab, the Tinnin-Gahvareh region is the most populous in Zorasan, being home to over 26 million people.
- Sharezan Forests: Running from south-to-north through the Union Republics of Ninevah, Ajad and northern Khazestan, the Sharezan Forests region is dominated by Varkanian mixed forests, created through the entrapment of humid air by the Dasht-e Aftab to the west and the Wasat al-Ramal desert to the north-east and the Fersi desert to the east. This region includes lush lowlands and montane forested areas and rolling green hills. This area owing to the entrapment of humid area, receives the highest precipitation in northern Coius.
- Irvadistan region: The Irvadistan region is divided into three sub-regions, the Coastal Forests, Semi-Desert interior and the Wasat al-Ramal desert. Northern Irvadistan shares the Ruqqad highlands with southern Tsabara. Irvadistan is also bisected by the Harat River, which finds its source in Lake Bakhtegan over 1,200km to the south. The Harat River valley, where over 70% of the population reside. Apart from the Harat Valley and the Parishar Gulf coast, the majority of the Irvadistan region’s landscape is desert, with a few oases scattered about. Winds create prolific sand dunes that peak at more than 30 metres (100 ft) high.
Climate
Owing to its unique biomes and geographical regions, the climatic nature of Zorasan is also markedly different from region to region. These differences range from arid and semi-arid to sub-tropical along the Pardarian coast, the Sharezan and Gilustan regions. Except for the Great Steppe and the Tinnin Plateau, no other region ever sees temperatures fall below freezing. The Gilustan and Sharezan regions remain humid for all seasons bar winter. Summer temperatures in these regions rarely exceed 30 °C. The Sharezan region sees an annual precipitation of 1,700mm (66.9 in) a year, while the Gilustan region sees only 680m (26.8in), this the same level for the western Pardarian and Irvadi coastal plains.
The Gahvareh Basin region, alongside southern and northern Khazestan and the Riyadhi peninsula are arid or semi-desert and are interspersed with desert. The Gahvareh Basin is also host to the Dasht-e Aftab desert. These regions see less than 200mm (7.9in) of rainfall annually and summer temperatures on average remain steady at 39 °C (102.2 °F). However, the Dasht-e Aftab can reach temperatures as high as 48 °C (118.4 °F), while the Darb-e Jahannam area of the desert has reached 70.7 °C (159.3 °F) on average for the past 20 years. These areas have very mild winters and very humid and hot summers, while in recent years, temperatures during winter have consistently remained above 15 °C (59 °F). The Tinnin Plateau on the otherhand experiences the lowest temperatures of all regions, with severe winters, heavy snowfall and temperatures regularly falling below zero. Spring and Summer for the Tinnin region are humid and warm.
Owing to the limited rainfall for most of the country, water scarcity has been described as the greatest crisis facing Zorasan in coming decades. Poor water management, overexploitation of aquifers and springs has had a severe detrimental affect on the distribution of water resources.
| Climate data for Zorasan, extremes since 1996 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 70.7 (159.3) |
52.3 (126.1) |
33.4 (92.1) |
30.3 (86.5) |
24.9 (76.8) |
22.8 (73.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.6 (83.5) |
33.1 (91.6) |
34.1 (93.4) |
35.8 (96.4) |
55.4 (131.7) |
44.3 (111.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −11.8 (10.8) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
2.5 (36.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
3.7 (38.7) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−12.1 (10.2) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
Biodiversity
Zorasan boast significant biodiversity both terrestrial and marine species, some of which are endemic solely to Zorasan present or historically. Terrestrial species present in Zorasan today include, foxes, gray wolves, bears, boars, wild pigs, jackals, lynxes and panthers. Non-predatory animals include water buffaloes, camels, mountain goats and Satrian Elephants, who were introduced to the forested north-west in the late 15th century. Zorasan was historically home to the largest population of Coiatic Cheetahs, which went extinct in the late 1990s according to the World Institute for Wildlife Protection. Zorasan is also home to populations of Pasdani Leopards and Gilustani Tigers, however, both these species are considered endangered and under serious threat of extinction by the 2030s. Avian species native to Zorasan include falcons, pheastants, eagles and Sparrowhawks.
The marine wildlife of Zorasan differs greatly, with the Gulf of Parishar being home to a wide variety of large mammals such as minke whales, humpback whales, bottle-nose dolphins and along the Harat Delta region, populations of dugongs have been recorded. The establishment of several Marine Life Protected Areas has enabled the return of a permanent population of hunchback dolphins. To the south, Lake Bakhtegan is home to a wide variety of freshwater fish, including large species of sturgeon. The presence of sturgeon stocks has resulted in Lake Bakhtegan being a major source for beluga caviar.
The situation regarding wildlife in Zorasan is ranked as one of the most serious to numerous NGOs and international charity groups. Over 80 species are on red lists for possible extinction. According to the WIWP, Zorasan has lost over 56% of its native wildlife since the early 20th century. Efforts by Zorasani state governments to regulate the protections of wildlife are regularly overridden by federal legislation that fast tracks the exploitation of mines and other subterranean resources without the input of Zorasan’s National Wildlife Institution or the Union Ministry for Environmental Protections. As of 2020, the final regulations demanding studies of local wildlife to assess the impact of human development was scrapped.
Environment
The natural environment in Zorasan has come under severe strain since the mid-20th century. The rapid development and industrialisation process beginning in the 1970s has caused irreparable damage to the natural world in some regions according to Zorasani and International environmentalist groups. The effect on wildlife has been profound with the loss of 56% of endemic species, while the country also faces water scarcity, poor air quality and rapidly expanding deserts, in what has been described as the “most severe case of desertification” in modern times.
Despite the wide consensus that climate change is playing a role in Zorasan’s environmental crises, most international and Zorasani groups agree that most of its crises are self-inflicted and man-made. The issue of water scarcity has been blamed on mismanagement of water resources and over-use by industry and agriculture. The over-development of agricultural land in limited space has in turn, played a key role in the instigation of desertification. Air quality worsens as the Zorasani government either disregards the need for regulation or active repeals what limited regulations are already in place.
Water scarcity
Water scarcity and shortages in Zorasan have become common in numerous regions in recent years. The lack of water access is regarded as the most serious environmental issue facing Zorasan. Between 2010 and 2020, over 36.4 million people went without clean drinking water 8 out of the 10 summers, with many reservoirs being emptied by usage within weeks of the summer season beginning. Approximately 6.5 million Zorasanis do not access to clean drinking water all year round and rely on government subsidised bottled water for personal usage. A vast majority of these cases are in southern Pardaran, specifically, the southernmost provinces of Pardaran, and the Union Republics of Armavand and Saravan.
In 2018, the Community of Nations launched a study and detailed that the root causes of these regional shortages were the diverting of what limited water resources the regions had to fuel industry, agriculture and the largest urban areas. Approximately 28% of the south’s natural water is diverted to Zahedan and its 18 million citizens. One of the starkest examples of the south’s problem is the decline of Lake Sattari. The lake since 1980 has lost over 60% of its water, due to both limited precipitation but also over-development. Between 1981 and 1984, six large pump stations and irrigation systems were constructed to support local agriculture, while no significant effort was made to educate farmers on water use. In 1991, a further irrigation system was constructed to supply the rapidly growing city of Soltanabad with drinking water and for industrial use.
In 2018, the CN report said, “little attention paid to the need of sustainability has led to over 35 million people facing the prospect of daily water shortages. Over-development of limited water resources has seen what is produced supply millions, but without any regard to the need to regulate to sustain.”
Desertification
Ever since the onset of the green revolution in Zorasan during the 1960s and 70s, agriculture alongside heavy industry has been subject to sizeable state investment and subsidy. With the support of the petrochemical industry, the Zorasani government throughout the 1980s constructed one of the largest irrigation systems in the world, transforming large parts of the Tinnin Plateau and Gahvareh Basin into productive and profitable farming regions. By 1998, Zorasan became self-sufficient for its food production.
However, the over development of limited areas, has led to significant cases of overgrazing and deforestation. The systematic destruction of the Sharezan Forest and overgrazing in the Gahvareh Basin has led to the expansion of the Dasht-e Aftab northward and eastward. Since the early 2000s, the Dasht-e Aftab has grown by 2,300km². Deforestation and overgrazing in northern Khazestan has been blamed for the 36% increase in the land area of the Al-Nifayat al-Shamaliya desert near the Riyadhi border. The issue of desertification has been worsened by the growing issues surrounding water scarcity, especially in the Gahvareh Basin, where most water resources are consumed by the industrial hubs of Zahedan, Irfanshahr and Ineqlabshahr.
In 2018, the Zorasani government announced a €10.5 billion program dedicated to combatting the desertification of the Dasht-e Aftab and Al-Nifayat al-Shamaliya deserts. The same year, the government admitted that desertification endangered the livelihoods of millions.
Pollution
Air quality in Zorasan has consistently ranked as among the most unclean and unsafe since the 1980s. Zahedan, Borazjan, Faidah, Qufeira and Soltanabad have ranked among the top 15 most polluted cities in the world since 2000. Zahedan has ranked as the most polluted city in Zorasan since records began in 1990, owing to its geographical location, Zahedan’s smog from street traffic and industry becomes trapped beneath hot air blocked by the Tinnin Mountains from being blown north by prevailing winds. The Khazi state capital of Faidah has ranked as the second most polluted city owing to the presence of large petrochemical industries, notably the Said Khadir Refinery. Air pollution in Zorasan is estimated to cause over 260,000 premature deaths a year.
While air pollution has been regularly considered a major threat, environmentalist groups have also criticised the degradation of marine environments by pollution. Zorasan’s limited number of rivers has brought to public attention the issues relating to urban wastewater, industrial and chemical run-off and the dumping of untreated human waste into rivers, streams and canals. Oil and chemical spills along the Harat River have caused serious damage both to water quality and marine wildlife, while stretches of the Parishar Gulf coast have been subject to both oil spills and the depositing of chemical and industrial run-off. In 2003, over 80% of the Kajur River’s aquatic wildlife was killed following the leakage of 100,000 tons of cyanide-contaminated water from a industrial chemicals plant in Javanrud. It remains the worst environmental disaster in Zorasan since 1990.
Government and politics
The Second Instrument of Union (Zorasan’s constitution and basic law) officially describes the country as a “federal union of eight union-republics, two union municipalities and two union-territories, governed under a social and political alliance of the people, the faith and the revolutionary army – bound by the leadership of the National Renovation Front and in accordance to Sattarist Renovationism.” Zorasan, is one of the few single-party states in the world, and has been ruled under a single party since its establishment in 1980, while also being governed in accordance to the Sattarist ideology, which has been described as corporatist, authoritarian and ultranationalist. The Zorasani government has also been described as inherently “Irfanic in a political nature” and owing to the apparent subordination of the ruling party to the military, it has been described as a military dictatorship. The accusation of authoritarianism is rooted in the wide restrictions on freedoms, including freedom of the press, assembly, religion, internet access, association and thought.
Government
Despite being a one-party state, Zorasan’s government is comprised of three major power-centres; the National Renovation Front, the Council of Union Ministers (the executive civilian branch) and the Central Command Council (the executive military branch). The State President of the Union is the ceremonial head of state and is elected by the Supreme Assembly of the Union for a maximum of two five-year terms, the First Minister of the Union is the head of government and is also elected by the Supreme Assembly for two consecutive five year terms. The First Minister heads the Council of Union Ministers (the cabinet) and is deputised by two Second Ministers. The Central Command Council, the supreme military body is self-appointing, while the Chairman of the Central Command Council, also serves as the commander-in-chief of the Zorasani Irfanic Revolutionary Army. The Central Command Council appoints the ministers of National Defence, Popular Mobilisation and the Interior, while possessing vetoes on matters relating to those areas of government. The Central Command Council also regulates and vets candidates for the Supreme Assembly and Union-Republic assemblies, essentially subordinating the National Renovation Front to itself.
The State President, currently Vahid Isfandiar also serves as the Secretary-General of the National Renovation Front, while the First Minister, currently Farzad Akbari also serves as the Federal Leader of the party, thus making him the party-head. All commissioned officers of the military are mandated to take up membership of the National Renovation Front, while the three most senior members of the Central Command Council, also serve as sitting members of the Revolutionary Command Committee of the National Renovation Front, further uniting the party with the military.
National Renovation Front
The First and Second Instruments of Union (1980 and 2008 respectively) both stated that the, "Union through its dedication to the enactment of Sattarist Renovationism, shall herewith by governed by the National Renovation Front, which shall be the binds that hold the alliance of people, faith and army together" and thus constitutionalise the one-party system. The National Renovation Front has ruled the UZIR since its establishment in 1980 and controls every facet of social, cultural and political life. It is one of the largest political parties in the world with an estimated 18.6 million members and operates a number of subordinate organisations, including the All-Union Association of Teachers and Lecturers, the All-Union Workers Federation, the Irfanic Workers House, the All-Union Medical Federation and the Šâdorvân-ye Zendegi. It's youth-wing, the Young Companions of the Union (Ettehad-ye Javân Hamdamân), is also one of the largest in the world, with a membership of 10.3 million as of 2020. The NRF has been the sole legally permitted political group since 1980, though despite this, numerous interest groups, civil society organisations and pressure groups exist, yet are subject to severe restrictions.
As a one-party state, the National Renovation Front exercises complete authority over the country. The Revolutionary Command Committee (the party’s top decision-making body) also exercises near complete control over the state apparatus. The RCC is comprised of ten members, seven from the party and three from the military and is chaired by the First Minister. The Revolutionary Command Committee makes decisions on all areas of party business, including the members of subordinate level committees. The pyramidal structure of the party is comprised of five strata; national, regional (Union Republic, Union-Municipality and Union-Territory), provincial, county and district, which correspond the administrative levels of Zorasani government. The membership of each committee is devised differently, with the national level (the Revolutionary Command Committee) appointments members to district committees from the party membership. The provincial committees then appoint members from the district level to county, while the union-republic committees appoint members from the county-level to provincial and the Revolutionary Command Council appoints members from the provincial to the union-republic level. The promotion from one strata to next within the party structure is subject to a strigent list of traits, capabilities and references, meaning that promotion or appointment is based, in theory, solely on an individuals record at their previous levels, rather than any other mitigating factor such as gender, background or socio-economic situation. The pyramidal structure is designed in such a manner that the party is entirely dependent upon the RCC for direction, objectives and aims, however, the Union Commission for Political Expediency, a body outside party jurisdiction and jointly administered by the party and military exists solely to manage the sharing of information between the district-level committees and the RCC, enabling the national government to by-pass the state governments entirely in issuing directives and receiving information. Each strata-committee is responsible for the affairs of their respective administrative unit, as such it is mandated by the constitution that strata-heads would serve concurrently as the leaders of their respective administrative units. It is also common practice for the regional leaders to appoint members of the committee to their administrations, wedding entirely the party with the state at all levels of government. For example, the Secretary-General of the Regional Committee for the Ajad Union Republic, would also serve simaltaneously as Governor.
Democracy is permitted within Zorasan albeit in a highly restricted and limited manner. The population are allowed to hold elections for the Union-Republic Assemblies, though these assemblies have limited power and authority, they do serve to hold the U-R administrations to account, while also possesing control over U-R budgets and holding committee hearings. The Supreme Assembly of the Union, the national legislature has 530 members, 130 of whom are elected by the general populace every six years, with each of the nine union republics, two union municipalities and two union territories elected ten representatives each. The 130 elected members join 200 members appointed by the Central Command Council from within the military and the final 200 being appointed by the Revolutionary Command Council. The Supreme Assembly of the Union is unicameral and sits during business days, unlike other one-party states, while being nominally powerless within the wider political framework, does posses some degree of influence and authority. The Supreme Assembly holds the civilian executive branch to account through committee hearings and legislative debates, members have legislative powers and the Assembly posseses control of the national budget.
Elections in Zorasan are highly controlled by the Union Electoral Commission, which is subordinate to the Central Command Council. The UEC is tasked with organising, administering elections, but also vetting candidates, certifying the results and confirming them. While membership of the NRF is not mandatory to run for office, it is mandatory once office is assumed, this assures that all office holders in the Union are members of the party and subject to its authority.
Law
Administrative divisions
The Union comprises seven federal states which are collectively referred to as Union Republics (Ettehād-ye Jamaheer). Each state has its own state constitution, and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organisation. Further to the seven states is the single Union Territory (Ettehād-ye Azar), in the form of the Zahedan Union Capital Territory, which is the self-governing national capital. The Union is also comprised of two municipalities (bāladiyyeh), the holy cities of Ardakan and Namrin, which hold some autonomy from the federal government. Every administrative division is led by an elected governor (ostāndār), who is appointed by the divion's legislature.
Despite the differences in size and population of the union republics, each is divided in 24 provinces (ostān), there are 168 provinces in the Union. The provinces are divided into counties (šahrestān), and subdivided into districts (baxš) and sub-districts (dehestān).
| Map | Name and flag | Administrative centre | Population | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Union Republics | |||||
 Armavand
|
Saravan | 3,100,068 | |||
 Ajad
|
Khiyara | 1,112,547 | |||
 Irvadistan
|
Qufeira | 36,362,112 | |||
 Khazestan
|
Faidah | 43,776,680 | |||
 Ninevah
|
Adh Dhayd | 6,023,530 | |||
 Pardaran
|
Javanrud | 104,552,103 | |||
 Riyadha
|
At-Turbah | 7,526,197 | |||
| Samrin
|
Karandagh | 3,447,480 | |||
| Union Territory | |||||
 Zahedan Union Capital Territory
|
Zahedan | 18,557,230 | |||
 Khazal Islands Union Territory
|
Evazeh | 30,583 | |||
| Union Municipalities | |||||
 Namrin
|
Namrin | 2,102,482 | |||
 Ardakan
|
Ardakan | 2,883,687 | |||
Foreign policy
The official goal of the government of Zorosan is to establish a new world order based on world peace, global collective security, and international equality. Since the time of the Irvadistan War, Zorasan's foreign relations have often been portrayed as being based on four strategic principles; eliminating outside influences in the immediate region, maintaining Zorasan as the leading power of northern Coius, securing Zorasani unification and pursuing extensive diplomatic contacts with developing and non-aligned countries, primarily in wider Coius-Bahia.
Zorasan is a member of the Community of Nations, GIFA, NAC and the ITO.
Zorasan's closest relations are with Xiaodong, although the nature of these close relations differ. In regards to Xiaodong, following the Corrective Revolution when XXX met Mahrdad Ali Sattari in 1957 both countries began to foster close political and economic ties as both countries were ruled by one-party governments intent on regional hegemony. Close cooperation between both governments became more prominent under Sun Yuting and Ghassan Ali Ghaddar, and have since Evren Volkan and Yuan Xiannian held office seen a dramatic revival of ties. The government of Xi Yao-tong has furthered this policy, signing significant trade deals with Zorasan in 2016 and 2017, and an increase in military cooperation. Zorasan meanwhile has provided military and technological cooperation with Xiaodong, most prominently during the Third Duljunese-Xiaodongese War. The extremely close and friendly relations between Xiaodong and Zorasan has been called the Rongzhuo-Zahedan Axis.
Armed Forces
The Zorasani Irfanic Revolutionary Army (Arteš-e Enghelâb-e Zorasāni-e Erfāni) consists of the Land Forces, the Navy and the Air Force. The fifth branch exists, which is held by the National Protection Force which exists as a mostly paramilitary force. The Zorasani Irfanic Revolutionary Army currently has around 3,712,000 troops overall (761,000 active, 2,951,000 in reserve, including 367,664 paramilitary soldiers), making it overall the Xth largest in the world
The State President of the Union is the commander-in-chief of the Zorasani Irfanic Revolutionary Army, which answers to the State Council of Ministers via Ministry of National Defence (MoND), which is headed always, by the Chief of Staff of the Zorasani Irfanic Revolutionary Army. Military affairs are primarily handled by the Supreme Revolutionary Military Command, a forum of military commanders who nominally subordinate to the State Council of Ministers. Since the Arduous Revolution, the military has played a significant and domineering role in national politics.
The coast guard and gendarmerie and police forces take on military functions - in the event of war, but are subordinate to the Ministry of State Security. The main intelligence unit, the General Intelligence Directorate (Resat-e Ejmal-e Ettela'at; RESAT), also is officially part of the military structure however they report directly to the government via the Ministry of National Defence. Despite its role as the military intelligence agency, it enjoys a significantly greater role in federal intelligence activities than the State Security Service (Ta'min-e Ejbaree-e Dowlat; TEJDO).
The Zorasani Irfanic Revolutionary Army has gone through numerous periods of modernisation and reform to maintain a dominant position within northern Coius; known as the Union First (Ebteda'Ettehād) policy, allowing it remain relatively as the most disciplined, well armed and capable forces in Coius; this has meant either great efforts being made in domestic R&D or the purchase of quality equipment and systems from foreign producers.
It is widely accepted that Zorasan operates an extensive chemical weapons arsenal, with an estimated combined total of over 14,000 tons of chemical agents in storage.
Conscription - known as "Patriotic and Revolutionary Duty" (Takleef Enghelabee-parast) is currently enforced for all male citizens between the ages of 18-21 for a period of a year to three years, dependent on education and job location. Zorasan does not recognise conscientious objection and does not offer a civilian alternative to military service, many conscientious objectors are either imprisoned under charges of "conspiring against the state" or press-ganged into four year service.
The armed forces are subject to controversial accusations of abuse and harsh treatment of trainee soldiers; with the use of beatings, caning and lashing in punishment of poor behaviour, low enthusiasm and slow progress in improvements. The IRA is also known to train its forces in "Isolated Desert Deployment"; in that units of troops are airdropped into the desert, with limited food and water to develop resilience in the event of being trapped or stranded in hostile environments seen in Coius.
Human rights
Zorasan has been consistently criticised internally and abroad, with human right monitoring organisations such as the International Council for Democracy as of 2017 ranking the Union as unfree. The ICD stated "Zorasan remains a fundamentally flawed parliamentary democracy, with overbearing control by the unaccountable and unelected clergy and military controlled bodies. The mass surveillance and censorship system remains in place and undermines freedom of speech and the press. The excessive use of capital punishment, torture, rape and false imprisonment also remains rampant."
Zorasan's situation is unique in that the systematic abuses of human rights is conducted outside government control and oversight. The ICD has noted that much of the repressive policies and activities are conducted by the military, rather than the federal government. The military's oversized control of state media and the use of the General Intelligence Directorate (RESAT) to pursue activists, civil rights lawyers and critics of the state, led the ICD and the Euclean Community in 2018 to note, "without confrontation of the deep-state within the UZIR, it is unlikely that human rights will improve in the medium to long term."
Economy
As of 2019, Zorasan had the 9th largest economy by GDP nominal, with $1.809 trillion and the 13th largest economy by GDP PPP with $2.250 trillion. The Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs classifies Zorasan as a newly industrialised nation and a middle-income economy. The country operates an economic model many have described as state capitalist, with heavy state intervention and ownership alongside private businesses. Following initial pro-market reforms beginning 1985 and more expansive reforms throughout the 1990s, the Zorasani economy became one of the fastest growing in the developing world, with GDP growth remaining above 6 percent from 1991 to 2001, before growing consistently above 8 percent from 2009 onward. The most prominent sectors of the Zorasani economy are Industry, 41.45%, petrochemicals 29.5%, services 25% and agriculture 4.05%.
Since 1980, the structure and nature of the economy has changed considerably. Upon the Union's founding 1980, its newly unified economy was dominated by agriculture and petrochemicals, owing to both the reliance on petrochemicals for revenue of pre-unification states and their shared aims of promoting agricultural self-sufficiency. The degree of development varied between the states, though all were historically recognised as rentier economies. Following the completion of unification and the inescapable need to rebuild entire regions owing to near thirty-years of warfare saw a significant shift in economic planning and strategy. In 1980, the Zorasani government recognised the limitations of oil-dependency and sought to dramatically diversify the economy, both as a means of escaping rentier status and to provide greater means of improved living standards for the entire population. Throughout the 1980s, high oil prices and the consolidation of the unified oil industries - turning Zorasan into the largest producer of petrochemicals in the world, supplied the government with the necessary capital to invest into manufacturing and services. The industrialisation process was aided by urbanisation, which further fuelled diverisification and infrastructure development. Progress continued throughout the 1990s, during which the GDP rose at an average rate of 9.1%. As a result, the official poverty rate fell from 60% to 15%. Reduction of trade barriers from the mid-1990s made the economy more globally integrated. A series of pro-market reforms in the late 1990s expanded competitiveness and hastened diversification, however, more radical reforms in the early 2000s caused a sharp economic shock, combined with privatisation of ineffecient state owned enterprises threw the economy into recession, which was deepened by the onset of the 2005 Global Recession. Political instability between 2005 and 2006 slowed recovery, before growth returned to its 9% average in 2007, which has been maintained since.
Today, the diversification has been widely praised and documented by leading global economists. Zorasan is one of the largest producers of steel, industrial and electrical parts and its shipbuilding industry is one of the fastest growing, while it has also established itself as one of the larger shipbreakers. Zorasan is the leading economy in Irfanic Finance, it has risen to be one of the largest producer textiles, with an estimated 1.9 million workers in the textile industry alone. Zorasan has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, coal, copper, gold, bauxite and aluminium, while agriculture produces fruits, nuts, flowers and rice. However, with the exception of oil and natural gas, the most prominent exports are manufactured goods; textiles, electronics, electronic parts, industrial equipment, steel and chemicals. In recent years, Zorasan's automotive and locomotive industries have grown to boast some of the largest producers, with Zorasan ranking as the 3rd largest producer of city buses and coaches and the 5th largest producer of locomotives and high-speed train units. Xiaodong, the Euclean Community, Ajahadya are Zorasan's largest trading partners. The country's armed forces are unique in that it owns and operates a sizeable business empire in its own right, according to the Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs, the Zorasani military owns or holds significant voting shares in twelve of the largest Zorasani companies, which it manages through the Great Soldier Foundation holding company.
Energy
Zorasan has the world's largest proved oil reserves, with an estimated 354,103,000 barrels, it is also the world's largest producer. Zorasan also ranks XX in proven natural gas reserves, with 15.3 trillion cubic meters and is the Xth largest producer. It is LOPS's largest oil producer and is widely considered to be the pre-eminent energy superpower. As of 2019, Zorasan's production of oil averaged 11.55 million barrels per day (XXX m3/d), a marked increase from the average of 6.8 million barrels throughout the 2000s. Zorasan spends €5.5 billion on maintainence, research and development and modernisation within its oil industry, while a further €3.5 billion is spent on exploratory wells, expansion of existing wells and improving extraction processes. 111 exploratory wells were drilled between 2005 and 2008. Between 2006 and 2012, Zorasan spent €1 billion on developing clearner fuels.
The country's long held program for diversification from oil-reliance, while not dimimishing the country's production or output has resulted in the establishment of alternative energy sources. The country is one of the largest consumers of coal in Coius and operates an estimated 26 coal and gas-fired power stations. In 2000, the Zorasani government announced plans to reduce domestic oil use by 35% by 2030, this included plans for the full-adoption of solar, geothermal, hydroelectricity and wind power. Between 2003 and 2005, significant reforms to the country's long-time ineffecient and fraudulent energy subisidies succeeded in reducing domestic use of fuel. In 2003, the country's fourth nuclear power plant was activated at Qufeira, Irvadistan. In 2016, the world's second largest solar farm was opened near Kashdar in central Pardaran, the Kashdar Solar Park produces 850 MWp of energy. The rapid development of various dam projects, while increasing non-oil energy, has had a serious and adverse effect on the country's water supply, exacberating the Zorasani water crisis.
Tourism
Science and technology
STRDC is the leading agency for developing science, technology and innovation policies in Zorasan. STRDC is the umbrella semi-autonomous government agency charged with overseeing and directing scientific studies and activities in Zorasan and is subordinate to the Union Ministry for Science and Technological Development and under some oversight by the Central Command Council. STRDC directs both state agencies and private research and development bodies. Among STRDC's major subordinate bodies is the Zorasani Space Research Organisation, the country's official space agency. Supporting to the ZSRO is Zorasani Aerospace and Atmospheric Industries (ZAAI), which plays a pivotal role in the development and production of satellites, including a series of global observation satellites for reconaissance. ZAAI has been the most prominent producer of satellites launched by ZSRO for commercial, military and scientific purposes.
Zorasan ranks amongst the top 10 for number of university graduates and the top 5 for doctorate degrees, primarily in medicine, engineering and physics. The country operates over 100 universities and 26 academies, the most presitigous include the Abdolreza Mandarani University, the Mazdavand Medical University and the Faidah Metropolitan University for Disease.
Zorasan also hosts several of the largest pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, in 2007, Zorasani scientists at the Imam Ardashir Centre for Life Studies successfully coloned a sheep by somatic cell nuclear transfer. A study in 2010 by the International Council for Bio-Medicine, found that stem cell research in Zorasan is amongst the top 5 in the world. Zorasan also scores high in rankings of nanotechnologies. Zorasan's history in medical research has produced several breakthroughs, including the collaborative success in inventing and developing the first artificial cardiac pump, the precursor of the artificial heart.
The Zorasani nuclear program was launched in the 1970s. Zorasan became the Xth country to produce uranium hexafluoride in 1990, and controls the entire nuclear fuel cycle.
Infrastructure
As of 2018, there were 104 airports in Zorasan, including 24 international airports. The most busiest in the country, Zahedan Mahrdad Ali Sattari Airport is the 10th busiest in the world, serving 39,569,204 passengers between January July 2017. Plans for a new and third international airport of Zahedan will see it become one of the more busier in the world, with a capacity to serve 165 million passengers per year. Air Zorasan is the flag carrier and serves the country alongside other national carriers. As of 2020, there are plans a 18 new regional airports to link the less developed frontier regions with the highly urbanised coast.
As of 2018, the country has a roadway network of 115,888 kilometres (72,09 miles). The total length of the rail network was 19,991 kilometres (12,421 miles) in 2017, including 6,133 kilometres (3,810 miles) of electrified and 1,457 kilometres (905 miles) of high-speed track. The Union General Railways started building high-speed rail lines in 2001. The Zahedan-Faidah line became operational in 2008, while the Faidah-Qufeira line entered service in 2015. In 2018, the Zahedan-Karandagh-Saravan line became operational, followed in 2019 by the Zahedan-Mazdavand line. Construction of the Faidah-Ad Dayhd and the Qufeira-Khiyara lines are on scheduel for completion in 2023 and 2024 respectively. The most ambitious high-speed rail line under construction of the Zahedan-Rongzhuo line, which will travel an estimated 1,100 miles through the Kharkestar Corridor, to connect two of the largest cities in the world. The line is estimated to be completed by 2026. Zorasan also boasts several of the largest ports in the world, with Bandar-e Parvadeh being the second largest on the Solarian Sea after Accadia. Other majors ports include Bandar-e Hussein, Safwan and Chaboksar.
Many natural gas and oil pipelines span the country's territory. The Kharkestar Stream pipline, the second longest oil pipeline in the world, was inaugurated on 3 May 2002 and serves to export Zorasani petrochemicals to Kumuso and Xiaodong, the Ajad Stream pipeline serves Southeastern Coius and the Mabifia-Extension pipeline connects Zorasan to Bahia, but also permits the reselling of Mabifian oil and gas to Euclea. Plans for the Solarian Stream pipeline, connecting Zorasan to southern Euclea through Galenia and Etruria has been hold since 2016.
Zorasan's internet, which has 100.3 million active users, holds a 'Not Free' ranking in Liberty House's index. Zorasan's government has constantly blocked websites such as social media sites, news sites and online educational wikis. According to some references, Zorasan is the leading nation in social media censorship. The internet in Zorasan has been known to be used as a tool for repression, both through the spread of misinformation, propaganda and its uses a trap for dissidents and critics of the regime.
Demographics
In the 2012 census according to the Centre for Union Statistics, the national population stood at 195.36 million, and population growth stood at 2.11% annually. Over 70% of the population lived in towns and cities, one of the lowest rates of urbanisation for a major world economy. In 2019, the Centre for Union Statistics, using its Address Registration System estimated that the population was 203 million. Zorasan has an average population density of 36.88/k m² (95.5/sq mi). Zorasan has the third largest population in Coius and the world.
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1952 | 68,771,235 | — |
| 1962 | 84,987,800 | +23.6% |
| 1972 | 99,319,245 | +16.9% |
| 1977 | 119,148,530 | +20.0% |
| 1982 | 138,511,477 | +16.3% |
| 1987 | 159,484,374 | +15.1% |
| 1992 | 170,912,654 | +7.2% |
| 1997 | 178,490,409 | +4.4% |
| 2002 | 184,023,257 | +3.1% |
| 2007 | 189,506,381 | +3.0% |
| 2012 | 195,369,278 | +3.1% |
| 2017 | 199,965,841 | +2.4% |
| 2020 | 203,112,587 | +1.6% |
| Source: UKP census (1952-1972) UZIR census and estimates (1972-present) | ||
The 2012 census broke down the population by age group, with people within the 15–64 age group constitute 67.4 percent of the total population; the 0–14 age group corresponds to 25.3 percent; while senior citizens aged 65 years or older make up 7.3 percent, this gives Zorasan one of the youngest populations in the world. In 1980, when the first official census was recorded in the Union (following the annexation of Irvadistan), the population was 68.77 million. The largest city in the union, Zahedan, is also 3rd largest in population and size in Coius.
Zorasan does not officially recognise ethnicity, as per Article 89 of the Articles of Unification, which defines a “Zorasani” as “anyone bound to the Union through the bond of citizenship or the right of birth.” Owing to Zorasan’s multi-ethnic nature, the term “Zorasani” is the legal term for citizens of Zorasan and does not hold any ethnic definition. The active opposition to ethnic identities has led to a considerable limitation on studies aiming to identify the ethnic disposition of the Zorasani population, the lack of ethnic options in regard to the census no reliable data exists. However, it is estimated that 40-45% of the population is Pardarian and 30-35% are Rahelian. 8-10% of the population are Kexri and the remainder of comprised of numerous ethnic minorities. Some estimate that there over 20 ethnic groups present in Zorasan, including Chanwans, Bahio-Pardarians, Bahio-Rahelians, Syriazi and Atudites. As a consequence of the unrecognition of ethnicity, the term "minority" is a recurrent sensitive issue in Zorasan, especially in view of Zorasan's treatment of its minorities. The Chanwan minority is one particularly effect group, owing to the Zorasani view that they are not a "traditional people of Zorasan." Their Xiaondongese origins coupled with their non-Irfanic status often leads to discrimination both state and non-state.
Zorasan is officially a bi-lingual state, with Pasdani and Rahelian as the two official languages of the country. Both languages are present in politics, business and everyday life and are often used interchangeably by Zorasanis, however, Pasdani takes predominance as the lingua gaullica in government affairs. All official government documentation and publications are printed in both languages. Newspapers and public broadcasters provide separate publications or broadcasts in the respective languages. The two official languages are taught simultaneously at every year of education, while language tests for educational advancement are mandatory. As of 2018, an estimated 92% of Zorasanis speak both languages fluently.
Minority languages are not recognised by the Zorasani government, though some states do provide protection for their use. Irvadistan for example, provides protections for Syriazi and Pardaran provides protection for Lashkari.
| Rank | Province | Pop. | Rank | Province | Pop. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Zahedan  Borazjan |
1 | Zahedan | Zahedan-takht | 18,557,230 | 11 | Ardakan | Aqda | 970,611 |  Javanrud  Faidah |
| 2 | Borazjan | Ashkezar | 9,573,217 | 12 | Gamsar | Shahrud | 803,852 | ||
| 3 | Javanrud | Ardestan | 4,932,075 | 13 | Shul Abad | Delfan | 776,802 | ||
| 4 | Faidah | Qarqur | 3,403,919 | 14 | Tarim | Hajjah | 543,127 | ||
| 5 | Bandar-e Parvadeh | Bushkan | 3,157,120 | 15 | Oshtorinan | Basht | 541,111 | ||
| 6 | Izdihar al-Mina | Izdihar | 2,110,343 | 16 | Pataveh | Ashkezar | 490,536 | ||
| 7 | Ad-Daydh | Zabdah | 2,501,332 | 17 | Qush Teppa | Teppah | 436,002 | ||
| 8 | Soltanabad | Khvansar | 1,855,375 | 18 | Bandar-e-Khamir | Dorestan | 399,110 | ||
| 9 | Qeydar | Tarut | 1,813,997 | 19 | At-Turbah | Khamr | 300,019 | ||
| 10 | Qufeira | Raydah | 1,711,000 | 20 | Namin | Tazeh-Kand | 274,358 | ||
Languages
Zorasan is a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual state, though it only recognises two languages, Pasdani and Rahelian, which are the official languages. While, Pasdani is the lingua gaullica of government and business, Rahelian is also widely used and the two are used interchangeably by Zorasan’s citizens. According to some estimates, there are over 40 different languages or dialects spoken in Zorasan. Though there is no officially recognised languages besides Pasdani and Rahelian, some of Zorasan’s states provide limited recognition or protections for minority languages.
Both Pasdani and Rahelian are taught in schools throughout a child’s school career. It is a noted national policy for lessons to be taught interchangeably between both languages to assist in educating Zorasani children into being bi-lingual. Tests in the respective opposition language are mandatory and many universities rank bi-lingual abilities as critical for a successful application. All civil service positions at the local, state and national level require fluency, as do many employers in the private sector, owing to government policies.
It is estimated that 91% of Zorasanis are bi-lingual, with 51.3% of the population speaking Pasdani as their first language and 48.7% speaking Rahelian as their first language. The bi-lingualism of Zorasan is aided by the nature of Irfan, which utilises phrases and terms in both languages, the rituals and processions of the faith also take place in both languages.
Minority languages present in Zorasan include Syriazi, which is provided some protections in the Union Republic of Irvadistan, Lashkari, which is spoken primarily in western Pardaran, along the border regions of Ajahadya and is provided some limited protection. Lashkari is the third most widely spoken language in Zorasan. The Chanwan is the fourth most widely spoken language in Zorasan but faces active repression by the Zorasani state. The use of Chanwan is prohibited in official capacities and is actively discouraged in public.
Some areas of eastern Zorasan have communities speaking Ndjarendie, a language brought over from neighbouring Mabifia, through the Bahio-Rahelian minority. The use of Ndjarendie is not opposed but lacks any formal recognition by the eastern Union Republics.
Religion
The Zorasani constitution officially designates Irfan as the state religion. Notably, the designation does not differentiate between the various sects and denominations of Irfan, providing equal rights and protections, though subsequent constitutional clauses, elevates the majority Asha denomination as the “predominate sect of the Union.” The constitution also provides recognition and protections for Sotiranity, Atudism, Yazidism and Druze.
As the birthplace of Irfan, Zorasan is home to several of the faith’s most important holy cities, including Ardakan, Namrin, Borazjan and Beyarjomand. Ardakan, Namrin and Beyarjomand are the sites of prominent religious events, with the former two taking prominent positions during the Ziyarat or “Pilgrimage.” Ardakan sees over 30 million visitors per year during Ziyarat to mark the Journey of Absolution, while Namrin is visited by 20-25 million visitors per year to mark the Martyrdom of Imam Ardashir and the 300.
Approximately 91% of Zorasan identify as Irfani, while 95% of the Irfani population are practicing members of the Asha denomination, which plays a significant role in Zorasani society and politics. The remaining 5% of Irfani in Zorasan are divided by the X and X sects, who enjoy equal rights and protections as the Asha majority.
The next largest faith in Zorasan is Badi, which is practiced by 4-5% of the population, though it is actively repressed and unrecognised by the Zorasani government, owing to the historic and traditional view of the religion by Irfan as heretical and witchcraft. From 1950 until the early 1970s, the Badi population was subject to violent repression during the Estekham, in which an estimated 150,000 Badi were killed and millions more were forced to convert to Irfan. Thousands of Badi places of worship were destroyed or converted to serve Irfan and a prohibition on Badi being publicly practiced is still in place. The vast majority of Badi in Zorasan are from the Kexri majority.
The next largest faith in Zorasan is Sotirianity, which is practiced by 3-4% of the population, primarily in Irvadistan. An significant number of Sotirians in Zorasan are members of the Maronite Church, with an estimated 85-90% of Sotirians being practicing Maronites. The 4-5% of Sotirians are members of the Solarian Catholic Church, a legacy of Etrurian colonialism in Zorasan and the remainder are members of the Melkonite Church. Sotirians in Zorasan have been protected under the constitution since the Union’s founding in 1980 and form vibrant communities in western Irvadistan. The town of Balad Kafin, which is home to the Convent of Saint Paul is afforded the same status as Namrin and Ardakan, as a “Place of Spiritual Importance.” The town of Balad Kafin is of immense importance to the Maronite population and its town council is supported by federal funding.
Druze and Yazidism are both protected under the constitution and are practiced by 1-3% of the population in total. A vast majority of these respective communities reside in northern Irvadistan, close to the border with Tsabara. Atudism is also protected and practiced by 300,000-660,000 people, most of whom are migrants from Tsabara. The Atudite faith’s protection is only a modern development, owing to the lengthy and often bloody history between Atudism and Irfan dating as far back as 310 BCE.
Imam Khosrow Shrine in Beyarjomand
Imam Parastar Shrine in Borazjan
Healthcare
Zorasan operates a universal public health system known as the Unified Health System (Nezam Beham-Bahbood). It was established in 1996, following decades of the individual states operating their own independent health systems. The UHS is free at access for all citizens and covers all medical procedures. Private healthcare in Zorasan plays a complementary role, while some state-owned enterprises provide private healthcare insurance. However, the construction and maintenance of health centers and hospitals are financed by taxes and state oil revenues, and the country spends about 9% of its GDP on expenditures in the area. In 2012, Zorasan had 1.85 doctors and 2.3 hospital beds for every 1,000 inhabitants.
Despite all the progress made since the creation of the universal health care system in 1996, there are still several public health problems in Zorasan. In 2006, the main points to be solved were the high infant (2.51%) and maternal mortality rates (73.1 deaths per 1000 births). Since 2015, significant progress has been made in combating infant mortality, reducing it from 2.51% to 1.98%. A vast majority of infant mortality rates are focused in isolated rural regions of the country, where the quality of healthcare is drastically lower than more urbanised regions.
The number of deaths from noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (151.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) and cancer (72.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants), also has a considerable impact on the health of the Zorasani population. Finally, external but preventable factors such as car accidents, violence and suicide caused 10.9% of all deaths in the country. The country has one of the highest rates of smokers in Coius, with an estimated 39.5% of Zorasanis being active smokers. Further issues include the effects of environmental degradation and poor air quality, with the latter estimated to cause the early deaths over 185,000 people per year. Respiratory diseases are among the most common ailments in Zorasan’s largest cities.
Zorasan is also host to several prominent medical research institutes and is a pioneer in pharmaceuticals and bio-technology. The Beyarjomand Institute for Medicine and the Zorasani Institute for Medical Innovation are both dedicated to the research and development of new medical treatments for cancer, cardiovascular disease, alzheimers and dementia.
Education
Education in Zorasan is administered by the Union Ministry for National Education and Skills. It’s primary focus is pre-tertiary education, which is compulsory and lasts twelve years in total; primary, middle and high school lasting four years each. Approximately 79% of 25-to-34 year-olds have completed at least high school. There are significant qualitive gaps in basic education between urban and rural regions, with some rural schools lagging behind in every category, not only their urban counterparts but in comparison to other Coian states.
The dependence on high school entrance exams for the quality of late-stage education has been widely criticised within Zorasan, as a vast majority of Zorasani students are known to take up private tutoring as young as ten or eleven. The mandatory language exams in Pasdani and Rahelian are also known to provoke intense study and tutoring, as high results are often the final decider in admittance. Adult literacy across Zorasan was 93.55%, 95.5% for females and 91.6% for males.
When the UZIR was founded in 1980, the average literacy rate for 15-year olds and higher was only 33.75%, one of the lowest rates globally, in response, the Zorasani government instituted a nationwide mass literacy program, utilising Mazars and other places of worship as locations for lessons. Drafting thousands of literate soldiers, civil servants and Irfanic clerics, millions of Zorasani children and adults were taught basic literacy, which led to rapid increases in the national literacy rate. From 1984 onward, these literacy lessons were expanded to include basic numeracy, which resulted in significant returns.
Following the completion of high school, students can either apply for two tertiary options, a vocational career or academic. The vocational career is geared toward engineering, construction and computing and is subject to a series of entrance exams. Vocational study in Zorasan last four years and results in either a Diploma or an Advanced Diploma, the latter of which is counted as equal to an academic degree. For academic study at a university or institute, entrance exams are required and students can either achieve an associate degree (kārdāni) achieved after two years – vocational students if they secure an Advanced Diploma will receive a complementary associate degree. Academic students can then pursue a bachelor’s degree (kāršenāsi), after four years and a master’s degree (kāršenāsi e aršad), achieved after two years. A final exam is required to enable access to a doctoral program (PhD; Doktora).
As of 2018, there were 193 universities in Zorasan. All universities operate entrance exams which are administered by the National Student Placements Commission. The NSPC operates a system of “recommended placement”, which identifies other universities based on a student’s results if they fail to pass for their chosen institution. The National Open Education Association does not require entrance exams, though this only applies to adult students. According to the Coian Educational Standards Agency, Zorasan’s top university is the Rasool Burzafrah Academy in Borazjan, followed by the Mahrdad Ali Sattari University, Zahedan Metropolitan University and Faidah University. Zorasan also operates several high ranking speciality universities, with the Abdolreza Mandarani University being one of the highest ranking technical and scientific institutions globally, it is joined by the Beyarjomand Institute for Medicine, which is considered one of the highest ranking medical schools and research institutes in the world.
Zorasan also operates a series of Civil-Military Schools, which are administered by the Military Education Commission. These schools provide military cadets both with advanced degrees in social studies (politics and international relations), alongside traditional officer training. In 2009, these Civil-Military Schools were expanded to include vocational courses for engineers and mechanics. The curriculum and standards of these schools is not subject to the Union Ministry for National Education and instead falls under the purview of the Union Ministry of National Defence exclusively.
In 2017, Zorasan was praised by the Community of Nations Office for Education and Advancement for the “dramatic improvements to both numeracy and literacy of its adult population and the general standard of key stage development.” The same CNOEA report stated that it had recorded a 68% improvement in adult numeracy and literacy. In 2018, Zorasan ranked second in the output of research publications, following Xiaodong, this marked the sixth year consecutively.
Culture
Art
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Music
Music has played a prominent role in Zorasani culture for millennia, with Pardaran being the birthplace of some of the earliest complex musical instruments, while the regions of Khazestan and Irvadistan are known to be the birthplaces of the earliest recorded scenes of singing. In Pardaran, at several historical sites, evidence has been found to reveal the use of vertical and horizontal harp like instruments as early as 3,000 BCE. Similar depictions have been found across sites in Khazestan, Irvadistan and southern Tsabara, either indicating a natural spread of these Pardarian instruments or their exportation along with the rise of Pardarian empires.
The Rise of Irfan during the late third century BCE gave way to the rise of vocal music as a means of conveying messages or themes. According to historical records, it was common during the First Heavenly Dominion for city streets to be “calmed by the melody of reciters.” The courts of the Towliatdars to have large groups of singers and reciters, who would sing songs “praising and celebrating the conquests of the Irfanic armies and of the Angels of God”. Mecarius, a prominent Solarian historian wrote in 118 BC, “across the lands of Irfan, there is song, walking bands of robed men sing songs of conquest, victory and noble deeds in service to their God.” During the Second Heavenly Dominion, many of the traditional instruments of Zorasan were developed. Zorasani traditional musical instruments including the qanun, setar, sorna, ney, tompak and naqareh.
During the late Gorsanid period, music in Zorasan was significantly curtailed by Mozaffah Ali Shah, who saw music as a “temptress of desire, sin and wickedness.” His hardline interpretation of Irfanic scripture was backed by the then Custodian of the Faith, Ali Reza Shuradi, who issued a localised Ishtihar in support of the monarch’s effective ban on music across the Gorsanid Empire in 1804. The ban would decimate the musical scene in Zorasan for decades, the maintaining of the ban by Mozaffah Shah’s successors lengthened what the historian, Ruhollah Mousavi called “the barren wasteland of Zorasani culture.” The Etrurian conquest of Zorasan during the 1840s through to 1860 resulted in the ban being adopted by the new Etrurian colonial authorities, who sought to maintain cordial relations with the Irfanic religious hierarchy.
The ban and Ishtihar would ultimately be lifted in 1924 by Etrurian authorities and with the support of Custodian Ashavazdar Saif ad-Din Tatar, this led to an explosion of musical experimentation and the embrace of Euclean music types, including opera from Etruria. In 1925, the Shahdom of Pardaran, an Etrurian protectorate, established the Imperial Philharmonic Orchestra by order of Ahmad Reza Shah. The 1920s saw a renaissance of traditional Zorasani music, as well as fusions of modern and classical.
Music would become highly regulated and censored in the post-independence period by all subsequent Zorasani national governments. The Rahelian monarchies would revert back toward the restriction of music to only traditional genres and non-vocalised songs, while in the Union of Khazestan and Pardaran, music would be utilised solely for propagandistic purposes, further stunting the emergence of modern genres.
Following Zorasani unification in 1980, censorship of music was augmented toward aligning with Irfanic principles and values. Though various modern genres were permitted to emerge, such as hip-hop and pop music, artists were subject to a strict regimen of rules on lyrics. In 1984, the Zorasani government established the Musical Champions List, a registered of authorised artists, who required membership in order to see their work published by state-owned record labels.
During the Saffron Era (1990-2005), censorship of music was significantly liberalised, leading the rise of jazz, rap and embrace of Euclean genres such as grunge and grime. However, the Turfan which brought about the collapse of the Saffron Era also reinstituted many of the restrictions on music, especially those imported from Euclea or the Asterias. Domestic genres therefore blossomed, with government support in place of foreign genres. Today, electronic trap, dance music, pop are popular among younger generations, while older generations are known to popularise Rahelian and Pasdani language songs by singers such as Fatimah Saadi. Restrictions on the mixing of men and women in enclosed spaces has limited Zorasan's capacity to host large music festivals or dance clubs, though Zorasan is renowned for its underground raves that are poorly policed.
Cinema
Literature
Architecture
Golden Bridge in Javanrud
Great Ziggurat of Ardu in northern Irvadistan
Square of the Emissaries in Borazjan
- Museum of Islamic arts SOP.jpg
Museum of Irfanic Art in At-Turbah
The Enqehlab Tower in Zahedan
Pre-Irfanic Arab tombs in Khazestan's Wadi Tariqh
Sport
With two thirds of the population under the age of 25, many sports are played in Zorasan. The most popular sport in Zorasan is association football. Zorasan has seen some success at international games, having won the Inter-Coian Cup on eight occassions. Zorasan has qualified for the Coup de Monde on several occassions, while Zorasani players have secured careers in numerous Euclean based clubs. Zorasan operates a four-tier football league, with the Union Pro League being the premier tier for club football. Shahin Borazjan is the most successful club in Zorasan, having won the UPL over 16 times since its creation in 1980, while Pasdaran Zahedan is the second most successful team.
The second most popular sport in Zorasan is volleyball, which is also popular in the beach form in Riyadha. The Zorasani Invictus volleyball team has won bronze, silver and gold medals on numerous occasions, while the Zorasani female volleyball team has consistently beaten the men’s team in medals at the Invictus and Coian games, while also leading the table at numerous international championships.
As national incomes increased since the late 1980s, skiing has emerged as a widely popular sport. Owing to the geography of the Tinnin Plateau, Zorasan operates some of the most widely acclaimed skiing resorts in Coius. The quality of Zorasan’s ski slopes has also seen a major interest in snowboarding, while non-skiing mountainous sports include hiking, rock climbing, and mountain climbing. Competitive cycling is found predominately in eastern Zorasan, where many enjoy the routes provided by the Shahrestar Forests, efforts are underway to establish an annual bicycle race in the region for international competitors.
Cricket is a popular sport for some young Zorasanis, especially in Riyadha, where it was introduced by Estmerish soldiers during Zorasani unification. The sport has expanded to include teams across the rest of the country and is one of the fastest growing sports in the country.
Dragon boat racing, imported from Xiaodong is popular in coastal regions of Zorasan, with the annual Dragon Boat Race in Izdihar al-Mina standing as a major fixture for the sport. Sailing has also risen to be a popular sport for coastal regions, with national racing championships being held annually across the Parishar Gulf coast.
Other competitive sports popular in Zorasan include freestyle wrestling and the varzesh-e pahlavāni style native to Pardaran. Wrestling is the sport of the Pardaran Union Republic and one of the national sports of Zorasan. Zorasani wrestlers have won international championships on numerous occasions. Polo is a sport prominent among middle-class Zorasanis and is believed to originate from ancient Pardaran.
Cuisine
The cuisine of Zorasan varies from region to region and draws upon numerous influences. The differences are most marked between the Union Republics, though a unified national cuisine does exist, it is often deferred for the unique cuisines of the local region or state. As such, Zorasani cuisine is usually divided into several categories:
- “Zorasani Cuisine”: The fusion of all influences, though it is mostly comprised of Pardarian dishes. The most popular dish is Bareh Zorasani, lamb flavoured with saffron and or parsley, served upon a bed of Basmati rice, which is grown in the marshes of the Harat Delta in Irvadistan, Khazi Tabbouleh salad stands as a side dish. The most common drink among all Zorasanis is tea.
- “Pardarian Cuisine”: Pardaran’s location has seen its cuisine draw on influences from Satria and Xiaodong, as such many of its dishes though meat based, utilise a wide variety of herbs, spices and fruit. Many of its meat dishes are served with the meat being grilled as a kebab, alongside rice and either flatbread or variants of the Satrian naan bread, these dishes come with varieties of salad, which can include certain fruits such as plums and pomegranates. Side dishes can include yoghurt, mast-o-khiar or vegetables in raw or pickled form.
- “Khazi-Ninevahi cuisine:” The Khazi-Ninevahi cuisine is mostly meat dependant and is centered around the use of potatoes, rice, vegetables and mostly brown meats, such as camel. Western Khazestan is known to include numerous influences from Pardarian cuisine, with the use of fruits and herbs for taste. The region shares the Kabsa with its Rahelian neighbours, though in comparison to Riyadha, the meat is near universally chicken, camel or beef, the rice can be interchanged for a murtabak, a pan-fried pancake type dish that includes salad or picked vegetables.
- “Riyadhi cuisine:” Owing to its peninsula location, the Riyadhi cuisine is significantly more marine in nature than the other regions of Zorasan. The use of shrimp and fish is universal, while meats are still consumed, fish remains the staple food of Riyadha. The most popular dish in Riyadha, is a fish or shrimp based Kabsa, which is a mixed rice served with spices and vegetables.
- “Irvadi cuisine:” Owing to the vital socio-cultural importance of the Harat River, the Irvadi cuisine is significantly more imbued with the use of freshwater fish than the other regions of Zorasan. The most popular dish and of the Union Republic is Masgouf, grilled carp which is usually served with sliced lemon or lime, with a side of salad. The Irvadi cuisine also draws significant influence from Tsabara, with starters including meze, there also exists in Irvadi cuisine a wide use of dips and sauces, with hummus, while keffe and Kibbeh being popular side dishes.
Media
Zorasan has one of the lowest rankings for freedom of the press in both Coius and the world. Since 2015, it has ranked as the highest in the world the number of imprisoned journalists. Activities regarding communications and information are subject to the authority or two primary bodies, the Union Ministry for Irfanic Culture and National Harmony and the military run State Commission for Societal Defence. Both bodies share jurisdiction over the State Administration for Broadcasting and Religious Propagation, which is the country’s censor.
The first newspapers to be printed in Zorasan came about in the mid-19th century in wake of its colonisation by Etruria. Many of these newspapers were owned by Etrurians and were focused on producing pro-Etrurian headlines and biases toward the small but influential literate class of Zorasan. Following independence and the fracturing of Zorasan into the various smaller nation-states, local newspapers emerged. In wake of the founding of the UZIR in 1980, virtually all these newspapers were shuttered and banned, with only state media permitted until 1986, when the country began to liberalise.
Today, all major newspapers in Zorasan print two identical editions, one in Pasdani and one in Rahelian. The most widely circulated include, Ettehad, Hamestaghi, Resalat, Al-Ghad, Assabeel and the military printed Ejlal. The Parishar Financial Times and the Zorasan Today are two of the most widely circulated international newspapers. The country’s leading newspapers are based in Zahedan, Izdhar al-Mina and Faidah.
Zorasan first saw the introduction of television in 1956 in Riyadha, who was followed by the Union of Khazestan and Pardaran in 1958. Full colour programming did not arise in Zorasan until 1979, though special state broadcasts and messages were broadcasted in colour from 1974. Since 1980, the largest media group and broadcaster has been Union Central Television, the public broadcaster. Between 1985 and 2005, the number of privately owned and independent broadcasters reached a height of 14, however, in wake of the Tufan in 2005-06 and the restoration of authoritarian governance, that number has fallen to five. The Community of Nations has criticised this state of affairs, claiming all five private broadcasters are owned by individuals or companies closely aligned with the Zorasani state. Approximately 65% of households across Zorasan have access to international television channels through satellite dishes, though there are no restrictions on their use, some channels, such as foreign news broadcasts are blocked by the Zorasani government.
Internet was introduced to Zorasan in late 1992 and the country remains one of the fastest growing in terms of internet access. As of 2019, an estimated 72.4% have access to the internet, while 79.4% of those with access are active internet users. Since the 1990s, the Zorasani government has operated numerous schemes aimed at securing 100% access, while since 2015, the government has been focused on rolling out broadband access across the entire country. As of 2018, an estimated 60.4% of the population had access to broadband. Since 2016, the government has also actively funded numerous digital start-ups, with the e-commerce company, DigiEbtehaj rising to become the third largest domestic company of its type in Coius, with 10.8 million visitors per day and more than 36.4 million subscribers.
No social media site in Zorasan has been blocked, though the security services have been known to use social media activities for repression, including digital honey-traps, punishing individuals for posts critical of the government.