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List of heads of state of Anahuac

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The National Palace, the historical residence of the president of Anahuac between 1872 and 1954. Briefly ressumed this role between 2010 and 2018.

Throughout its history, Anahuac had many different types of heads of state, as well as many different types of government. Under federal constitutions, the title of President was the same as the current one. In addition, there was a period of monarchical rule, during which the executive was controlled by the Emperor of Anahuac.

The chronology of the heads of state of Anahuac is complicated due to the country's political instability during most of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century. With few exceptions, most of the Anahuacian presidents elected during this period did not complete their terms. Until the presidency of Videl de la García, each president remained in office an average of fifteen months. Until the presidency of Óscar Vela Cantú, a president would've served a six-year period known as sexenio. Currently, a president now serves a eight-year term, known as a octenio. The current president of Anahuac is Matías Larrázabal Torres, who took office on 17 December 2018.

This list also includes the self-appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed executive duties during periods of transition.

United States of Anahuac (1811–1824)

After the consumation of Anahuacian independence, a brief transitional council by the National Triumvirate was appointed before reforming the country into the United States of Anahuac.

Members Term of office
Portrait Name Took office Left office Time in office
Juan O'Donoju.jpg Inocencio Craveiro Lopes 20 September 1811 8 October 1811
(died)
18 days
Manuel de la Bárcena.jpg Manuel de la Barcéna 9 October 1811 11 April 1813 1 year, 184 days

The Trivumvirate

The National Trivumvirate would govern the United States of Anahuac until the reformation of the country into the Republic of Anahuac.

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Agustin de Iturbide.png Aramberri Lavín
(1783–1817)
12 April 1813 23 April 1817 4 years, 11 days Independent Historically, the first modern president of Anahuac and the first one appointed by the National Triumvirate. Lavín was also the first president to be assasinated in office.
2 Guadalupe Victoria - 02.jpg Ramón Adaucto
(1786–1843)
10 October 1817 10 October 1823 6 years, 0 days Independent Second in-line of the National Triumvirate, and the first president of Anahuac to serve a full-term.
3 Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña.png Aarón Nuñez
(1782–1831)
10 October 1823 17 December 1829 6 years, 68 days Independent Declared succesor by Adaucto, and last member of the National Triumvirate. Presidency continued during the transition to the Republic of Anahuac.

Republic of Anahuac (1824-1840)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Political party Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
4 Jose Maria Bocanegra.PNG Juan José Rangel
(1792–1862)
20 December 1829 31 December 1829 11 days Liberal Party (of Anahuac As Vice President he assumed the presidency after a Liberal coup against Nuñez.
5 Melchor Muzquiz.png Erasmo Cortés
(1786–1843)
2 January 1830 18 September 1832 2 years, 260 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Appointed as interim president followin Rangel's impeachment and deposal. First president to die in office.
6 Anastasio Bustamante Oleo (480x600).png Benedicto de León
(1780–1835)
19 September 1832 13 August 1835 2 years, 328 days Conservative Party of Anahuac Took office following Cortés's death in office. He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later
7 Presidente Nicolas Bravo.PNG Salvador Alducín
(1780–1853)
19 September 1835 8 May 1836 241 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Appointed as interim president following de León's resignation.

The position of the Prime Minister was established in 1836. Until the 20th century, the president and prime minister did not run jointly and could be from different parties.

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Political party Prime Minister Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
8 Valentín Gómez Farías, portrait.JPG Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi
(1781–1858)
8 May 1836 16 June 1836 39 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Vacant He assumed the presidency in place of Salazar, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.
9 Santaanna1.JPG Ibrahim Salazar
(1794–1876)
16 June 1836 3 August 1836 48 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally-elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Prime Minister Gutiérrez Garibaldi four more times until 1837.
(8) Valentín Gómez Farías, portrait.JPG Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi
(1781–1858)
4 August 1836 21 August 1836 17 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Himself
(9) Santaanna1.JPG Ibrahim Salazar
(1794–1876)
22 August 1836 15 December 1836 115 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi
(8) Valentín Gómez Farías, portrait.JPG Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi
(1781–1858)
17 December 1836 3 March 1837 76 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Himself
(9) Santaanna1.JPG Ibrahim Salazar
(1794–1876)
4 March 1837 6 April 1837 33 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi
(8) Valentín Gómez Farías, portrait.JPG Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi
(1781–1858)
7 April 1837 1 August 1837 116 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Himself He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. When Salazar took office again aligned with conservatives; Garibaldi went into exile.
(9) Santaanna1.JPG Ibrahim Salazar
(1794–1876)
2 August 1837 16 February 1838 198 days Conservative Party of Anahuac Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi He cancelled the liberal reforms. On 27 January, the Sixth Constituent Congress dismissed Garibaldi as Prime Minister.
10 Pedro M. Anaya.PNG Ciro Martínez
(1794–1841)
17 February 1838 18 February 1840 1 year, 200 days Conservative Party of Anahuac Vacant He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Salazar left office to fight the rebellion in Gran Zuñiga. On 23 October, Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis, which voided the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system. He served both as the last president of the First Republic and the first of the Centralist Republic.

Centralist Republic of Anahuac (1840-1855)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Political party Prime Minister Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
10 Pedro M. Anaya.PNG Ciro Martínez
(1794–1841)
17 February 1838 18 February 1840 1 year, 200 days Conservative Party of Anahuac Vacant He left office in 1840 due to disease. He died a year later.
11 Jose Justo Corro.PNG Andrés Ibarra Droualliet
(1797-1864)
19 February 1840 20 January 1842 1 year, 335 days Conservative Party of Anahuac Justo Sierra Domínguez He took office as constitutional elected president following Martínez's resignation. During his term, he enacted the Eight Organic Laws.
12 Miguel Barragan Oleo (480x600).png Álvaro Nuñez Torres
(1795-1870)
20 January 1842 19 September 1842 211 days Conservative Party of Anahuac Manuel Esponceda Took ofice after Ibarra left office to fight the insurgency of the Southern Confederation.
13 Francisco Javier Echeverria.PNG Manuel Esponceda
(1780–1853)
20 September 1842 1 October 1842 11 days Conservative Party of Anahuac Vacant He was appointed interim president when Nuñez Torres was assasinated by insurgents of Tectetán. Resigned when Salazar launched a rebellion.
(9) Santaanna1.JPG Ibrahim Salazar
(1794–1876)
2 October 1842 13 October 1843 1 year, 11 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Daniel Lazarillo Appointed provisional president by the Senate of the Republic.
(7) Presidente Nicolas Bravo.PNG Salvador Alducín
(1780–1853)
14 October 1843 5 March 1844 143 days Conservative Party of Anahuac Vacant Appointed as substitute president by Salazar when he left the office.
(9) Santaanna1.JPG Ibrahim Salazar
(1794–1876)
5 March 1844 12 November 1844 252 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Vacant Reassumed the presidency as provisional president.
14 Valentin Canalizo Oleo (480x600).png Pedro Aguilar Almaguer
(1794–1850)
8 May 1845 12 July 1845 65 days Conservative Party of Anahuac Rafael Balbuena He was appointed interim by Salazar when he left office to assist the invasion of Tectetán
15 Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga (480x600).png Rafael Balbuena
(1792–1854)
15 July 1845 21 October 1846 1 year, 98 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Vacant He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate after Almaguer was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress.
(9) Santaanna1.JPG Ibrahim Salazar
(1794–1876)
25 October 1846 12 January 1847 79 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Vacant Assumed office via a coup against Balbuena.
15 Jose Mariano Salas Oleo (480x600).png Joaquín Ramos Herrera
(1797–1867)
15 January 1847 21 September 1849 2 years, 249 days Conservative Party of Anahuac Santiago Luján Assumed office after a coup against Salazar.
16 Miguel Miramón Oleo (480x600).png Santiago Luján
(1789–1860)
25 September 1849 1 January 1850 2 years, 98 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Vacant Appointed as interim president when Ramos Herrera went to fight the rebellion of Plan de San Agustín, the goal of which was to bring Salazar once again to the presidency.
17 Rómulo Díaz de la Vega.PNG Cristóbal Alanis de León
(1794–1876)
2 January 1850 1 May 1850 119 days Liberal Party of Anahuac Sergio Coronado Barrera He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Luján resigned because of the rebellion of Plan de San Agustín.
18 Mariano Arista Oleo (480x600).png Rubén Escobedo
(1802–1855)
2 May 1850 3 May 1852 4 years, 243 days Liberal Party Vacant He resigned when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the Conversative rebellion.
(9) Santaanna1.JPG Ibrahim Salazar
(1794–1876)
3 May 1852 1 January 1855 4 years, 243 days Conservative Party Andrés Nava He swore as President following the triumph of the Plan de San Agustín, but ruled as a dictator. The purchase of Isla Roca Roja and the extension of Petén occured during this final term.
19 Martín Carrera.PNG Francisco Sarabia
(1806–1871)
1 February 1855 17 December 1855 319 days Conservative Party Vacant He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayala but he took office until 1 February.
20 Ignacio Comonfort.PNG Desidero Escobedo
(1812–1863)
18 December 1855 16 December 1856 0 days Conservative Party Vacant He became constitutional president on 17 December 1855. Also served a term during the Restored Republic and subsequent Reformation War

Second Republic of Anahuac (1855-1861)

Kingdom of Anahuac (1861-1869)

Restored Republic (1869-1876)

Lenociato (1876-1911)

Revolution (1911-1928)

Third Republic (1928-1968)

Civil War (1968-1972)

Modern Anahuac (1972-present)