Lusotanie

Republic of Lusotanie República de Lusotanie (Lusotanian)
Flag
Motto: Progreso e prosperidade "Progress and Prosperity"
Anthem: "A nación, libre e soberana"
Capital	Santa Clara
Largest city	Porto
Official languages	Lusotanian, Spanish, Portuguese
Recognised national languages	Lusotanian, Spanish, Portuguese
Ethnic groups (2023)	White (47.7%) Black (7.6%) Asian (1.4%) Native (0.2%) Mixed (43.1%)
Demonym(s)	Lusitanian
Government	Federal Parliamentary Republic
• Prime Minister	Dilma Bello
• President	Xavier Milei
• Vicepresident	Felipe Morto
Legislature	Federal Parliament
• Upper house	Federal Council
• Lower house	Federal Diet
Establishment
• County of Gallenia	20 BCE
• Duchy of Gallenia	1120 A.D.
• United Kingdom of Gallenia	1323 A.D.
• Lusotanian Empire	1492 A.D.
• First Republic of Lusotanie	June 12th, 1821
• Second Republic of Lusotanie	December 1st, 1896
• Third Republic of Lusotanie	September 3rd, 1929
• current Constitution	November 14th, 1931
Population
• 2024 estimate	123,970,000
• 2020 census	123,501,204
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	ACU 6.721 TRILLION (not ranked)
• Per capita	ACU 54,184 (not ranked)
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	ACU $4.110 TRILLION (not ranked)
• Per capita	ACU 33,138 (not ranked)
Gini (2023)	36.4 medium
HDI (2022)	0.920 very high
Currency	Lusotanian Peseta (₧) 1:150 conversion with the ACU
Time zone	UTC +1 and UTC 0
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side	left
Calling code	+34
ISO 3166 code	LU
Internet TLD	.lu

Lusotanie, officially the Republic of Lusotanie (Lusotanian: República de Lusotanie), or the Federal Republic of Lusotanie, is a country located in Northern Thrismari. Lusotanie shares borders with Chengsheng, Inchyroa and Lumakia to the east, New Greenia and Bikinia to the south and Tyrellia to the west (maritime border). The country gains maritime access to the Iaso Sea and the Alabaster Gulf. Lusotanie is composed of TBA states, with a total area of TBA square kilometer (TBA squares miles). Lusotanie has total population of approximately 124 million people, having a population density of TBA people per square km. Lusotanie is a federal parliamentary republic, with its capital in Santa Clara, although the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial center is Porto. Other major urban areas include TBA.

The history of Lusotanie dates back 800,000 years with the arrival of the first Neanderthal tribes, who lived as nomadic hunters, fishers, and gatherers. By 30,000 BCE, Homo sapiens began to replace Neanderthals, completing this transition by 25,000 BCE. The first sedentary settlements emerged around 5000 BCE, focusing on agriculture, livestock, and craftsmanship. In 20 BCE, the County of Gallenia united various settlements, marking the beginning of centralized power in the region. This entity evolved into the Duchy of Gallenia in 1120 AD and later into the United Kingdom of Gallenia in 1323 AD. The formation of the Lusotanian Empire in 1492 brought territorial expansion and initiated a period of prosperity known as the "Golden Centuries."

In 1645, a parliamentary monarchy was established, gradually empowering the bourgeoisie over the nobility. By the 18th century, liberal ideas known as "Libertan Reformism" began to spread. In 1819, dissatisfaction with the monarchy led to the War of the Militias, resulting in the First Republic in 1821. This technocratic regime limited voting rights to a small elite and excluded marginalized groups. In 1894, a popular revolt called the War of Liberty ended the First Republic, leading to the Second Republic in 1896, which enacted social reforms and expanded voting rights.

A military dictatorship ruled from 1920 to 1929, ending with the establishment of the Third Republic in 1929. The current constitution, adopted in 1931, laid the foundation for modern Lusotanie, promoting broader democratic participation and civil rights. In 1939, after years of debate, women's suffrage was approved. Starting in the 1940s, the government began implementing economic policies aimed at growth, creating large business conglomerates that controlled various economic sectors, which today are some of the largest companies in the country. Taking advantage of low production costs due to low wages and the near absence of labor laws, the country developed a strong textile and manufacturing industry focused on exports. This was accompanied by protectionist measures, imposing high tariffs on certain domestically produced goods. Thus, between the 1940s and 1970s, the country experienced significant economic growth, with average annual rates above 5%. The industry diversified, transitioning from textiles and manufacturing to technological exports, pharmaceuticals, agribusiness, and luxury fashion. The country gradually opened up to the world, integrating into international markets and transitioning to a modern and developed economy by the 1980s.

Today, Lusotanie has established itself as a global technological, cultural and educational hub. It boasts a strong technological and manufacturing industry, being one of the world's leading exporters. Other economic sectors, such as tourism, have also experienced significant growth in recent years, with 33 million tourists visiting in 2022. The country has a large and developed economy, ranking among the most important in terms of GDP.

Etymology

The origin of the country's name comes from the name of the largest lake in the country, located in its center. This is the so-called Lake Luson, and it was in this area where the County of Gallenia was founded, the first national entity that would lead to the current nation. The word "Luson" comes from ancient Lusotanian and means "crystal waters." The suffix -tania comes from the Meseng language, spoken by an ethnic tribe living in the north of the country, and it means "land of." The word "Lusotanie" was adopted in the 15th century with the founding of the Great Empire, meaning "land of the crystal lake." This name has remained since those times to the present day.

Demographics

Health

Lusotanie's healthcare system is a universal and mixed-ownership system, with both public and private healthcare providers. The healthcare system is highly decentralized, managed by state governments. Most investments in the healthcare system come from the Ministry of Health, the state governments themselves and non-profit donations. In 2022, Lusotanie spent 7.21% of its GDP on healthcare, with a per capita expenditure of $2,394. Approximately 55% of total spending was covered by the federal and state governments, 32% by private health insurance and 13% directly by patients.

Most of the population accesses healthcare through mandatory health insurance provided by their employer. This is financed through the payroll tax, a flat tax used to fund health insurance. Between 9-10% of the worker's annual salary must be paid, with the payment divided between the employee and the employer. The federal government, together with state governments, sets co-pays for certain services. These are paid directly by the patient or are covered by the Ministry of Health and the respective state governments if the patient has incurred annual expenses exceeding $425-$1,273 (the maximum cap varies by state). Pensioners, people below the poverty line and patients with serious illnesses receive additional health insurance fully funded by the public administration, which partially or fully reduces the cost of medical co-pays. The emergency number is 136, available nationwide and free to use.

In 2022, the average life expectancy in Lusotanie was 83.2 years (80.3 for men and 86.1 for women). This is one of the highest in Anteria and its region, mainly due to the quality of the healthcare system, the emphasis on preventive care, reduced costs and the quality of food products consumed. The infant mortality rate is 2 deaths per 1,000 live births. There are 2.5 doctors and 11 nurses per 1,000 inhabitants. In 2022, the leading cause of unnatural death in Lusotanie was cancer (27%), followed by cardiovascular issues (15%).

Government

Dilma Bello, the Head of the Federal Cabinet

Xavier Milei, the President of the Federation

Lusotanie is a federal, democratic, representative and parliamentary republic. The country’s government operates under a framework established by the 1931 constitutional document known as the "Lei dos Fundamentos da Federación." Although this document is not a de facto constitution, it has laid the legal foundation for establishing laws, regulations, and governance. Amendments or reforms to this document require a two-thirds majority in both houses of the Federal Parliament. However, certain articles, such as those concerning fundamental rights, the separation of powers, the federal structure and the indivisibility of the country are not subject to modification.

The Head of State of Lusotanie is the President of the Federation, elected by the Federal Assembly, which comprises members of the Federal Diet and an equal number of representatives from the Federal States. The President’s role is mainly ceremonial, involving signing laws passed by the Federal Parliament and representing the country at official events. In exceptional cases, such as failing to elect a Prime Minister by an absolute majority in three rounds, the President can choose either to appoint the most-voted candidate to form a minority government or dissolve the Federal Diet and call new elections. The President serves strictly as the head of state, not the head of government, maintaining a clear division between state and government and ensuring political neutrality.

The second highest-ranking official is the President of the Federal Council, who is elected by the Council’s members and has a purely ceremonial role, overseeing sessions and announcing voting results.

The Head of the Federal Cabinet, currently Dilma Bello, serves as the head of government, wielding executive power. Her constitutional role is akin to that of a Prime Minister in other parliamentary democracies, strengthened by her personal investiture by the Federal Diet and the "constructive vote of no confidence," which prevents her removal unless a successor is simultaneously elected. The Head of the Federal Cabinet has the power to appoint the ministers who will be part of their cabinet. Additionally, they set the direction for policies, committing to implementing the laws passed by the Federal Parliament and assuming responsibility for them. Furthermore, it is also responsible for appointing the Head of the Armed Forces, who is the Minister of Defense.

Legislative power is vested in the Federal Parliament, consisting of the Federal Diet (lower house) and the Federal Council (upper house). The Federal Diet members are elected through direct elections with a proportional representation system, while the Federal Council represents the governments of the Federal States, with members appointed and removed by the respective state governments. Council voting is bloc-based, requiring representatives from each state to vote uniformly.

Since 1931, the political landscape has been dominated by the center-right Popular Party, which has governed for most of the time. However, other parties, such as the PSUL, the Liberal Party, the Greens and the United Left have been crucial in forming many local, state and federal governments.

Law

Lusotanie uses a legal system based entirely on civil law at the federal level. Numerous legal documents apply throughout the country, and according to the Constitution, "they must be applied as established in the law itself, without allowing any personal or biased interpretation by the judge." The basic principles of the country's rule of law come from the Gallenian Code of Conduct, with certain influences from the laws of tribal minorities. The modern principles for current laws were established in 1821 with the founding of the First Republic, following the principle of "harmony and social order." According to philosopher and jurist Andrea Camine, "the legal system of Lusotanie is based on the principles of order, equality before the law and peace, ensuring social harmony and punishing those who do not respect it in a measured and proportional manner to the crime committed." The legal system of Lusotanie is characterized by a strong punitive justice approach, although since the late 20th century, aspects of restorative justice have begun to be introduced into the Penal Code.

The Courts of Justice are independent of the executive and legislative branches. The Federal Constitutional Court is the highest court in the country. It is responsible for constitutional matters and has the power to declare laws passed by the Federal Parliament, state parliaments, the government, or the Federal President as unconstitutional. It is the highest authority in the country, and its primary objective is to ensure that the actions of the legislative and judicial branches comply with the Fundamental Law. It is based on the principle of "being able to act independently of other state bodies but not having the power to act on its own initiative."

The second most important court is the Federal Court of Justice, which handles civil and criminal cases. This court encompasses several areas, including the Department of Labor Justice, the Criminal and Civil Justice Department, the Treasury Department, and the Administrative Department.

Below this are (in that order) the federal courts and the local courts. The Fundamental Law stipulates that the states must follow the provisions of the national legislative power, except in cases designated by that Law. Federal law prevails over state laws, as legislative power resides at the federal level. To make significant changes to state laws, these must be approved by the Federal Constitutional Court. The country’s justice system is organized vertically, starting with local courts and allowing appeals up to the highest courts.

The system for electing judges in Lusotanie is one of the most independent in the world, being practically detached from the legislative and executive branches. Judges must pass competitive exams to obtain their positions, beginning as judges in local courts. From there, they can gradually move up to higher courts through a mixed system of magistrate voting and entrance exams. Thus, they can rise to state courts, then to the Federal Court of Justice, and finally to the Federal Constitutional Court. This system is strongly based on meritocracy and total independence, as judges themselves vote on who they wish to promote, in addition to having to take exams to certify their suitability.

Military

The National Armed Forces of Lusotanie (Forzas Armadas Nacionais da República Lusitana) are the military and paramilitary forces serving the nation. The role of General Captain of the Armed Forces (Capitán Xeneral das Forzas Armadas) falls under the Minister of Defense. The military is divided into several branches: the Land Armed Forces (Exército de Terra), the Naval Forces (Forzas Navais), the Air Force (Exército do Aire), the Scientific-Military Research Department (Departamento de Investigación Científico-Militar), the Space, Ships and Satellites Department (Departamento do Espazo, Naves e Satélites), the Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office (Oficina de Intelixencia e Búsqueda) and the Military Department of Tecnology and Cybersecurity (Departamento Militar de Tecnoloxía e Ciberseguridade). Lusotanie has relatively small armed forces for its large population (approximately 300,000 people according to the latest data from 2010), but they are well-armed and equipped with advanced technology. The defense spending of Lusotanie in 2021 was ACU 51.4 billion, representing 1.19% of the total GDP. The country's armed forces are primarily intended for self-defense, although there is no constitutional limitation. Conscription has not existed since 2001.

Despite having a relatively small military sector, the country boasts a powerful arms and military industry. Lusotanie has a wide variety of domestically produced military equipment, particularly excelling in land vehicles, short and medium-range air defense missiles, the naval sector, submarines and aviation. It also has a space program with civil-military collaboration, along with a good range of light and heavy weapons.

Lusotanie does not possess nuclear weapons. However, according to reports, the country has the necessary infrastructure to develop nuclear weapons in less than a year. This is due to its highly advanced technological capabilities and a significant number of nuclear power plants operating in the country. The nation is considered "nuclear-capable", as it would have the ability to develop nuclear weapons if it so desired. For this reason, many analysts consider Lusotanie a de facto nuclear state. Furthermore, the country is not a signatory to any nuclear non-proliferation agreements. The nation simply has not seen the need to develop nuclear weapons due to the relatively good regional stability and the strength of its armed forces in other areas.