List of heads of state of Anahuac

The National Palace, the historical residence of the president of Anahuac between 1872 and 1954. Briefly ressumed this role between 2010 and 2018.

Throughout its history, Anahuac had many different types of heads of state, as well as many different types of government. Under federal constitutions, the title of President was the same as the current one. In addition, there was a period of monarchical rule, during which the executive was controlled by the Emperor of Anahuac.

The chronology of the heads of state of Anahuac is complicated due to the country's political instability during most of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century. With few exceptions, most of the Anahuacian presidents elected during this period did not complete their terms. Until the presidency of Videl de la García, each president remained in office an average of fifteen months. Until the presidency of Óscar Vela Cantú, a president would've served a six-year period known as sexenio. Currently, a president now serves a eight-year term, known as a octenio. The current president of Anahuac is Matías Larrázabal Torres, who took office on 17 December 2018.

This list also includes the self-appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed executive duties during periods of transition.

United States of Anahuac (1811–1824)

After the consumation of Anahuacian independence, a brief transitional council by the National Triumvirate was appointed before reforming the country into the United States of Anahuac.

Members		Term of office
Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Time in office
	Inocencio Craveiro Lopes	20 September 1811	8 October 1811 (died)	18 days
	Manuel de la Barcéna	9 October 1811	11 April 1813	1 year, 184 days

The Trivumvirate

The National Trivumvirate would govern the United States of Anahuac until the reformation of the country into the Republic of Anahuac.

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	Notes
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Aramberri Lavín (1783–1817)	12 April 1813	23 April 1817	4 years, 11 days	Independent	Historically, the first modern president of Anahuac and the first one appointed by the National Triumvirate. Lavín was also the first president to be assasinated in office.
2		Ramón Adaucto (1786–1843)	10 October 1817	10 October 1823	6 years, 0 days	Independent	Second in-line of the National Triumvirate, and the first president of Anahuac to serve a full-term.
3		Aarón Nuñez (1782–1831)	10 October 1823	17 December 1829	6 years, 68 days	Independent	Declared succesor by Adaucto, and last member of the National Triumvirate. Presidency continued during the transition to the Republic of Anahuac.

Republic of Anahuac (1824-1840)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	Notes
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
4		Juan José Rangel (1792–1862)	20 December 1829	31 December 1829	11 days	Liberal Party (of Anahuac	As Vice President he assumed the presidency after a Liberal coup against Nuñez.
5		Erasmo Cortés (1786–1843)	2 January 1830	18 September 1832	2 years, 260 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Appointed as interim president followin Rangel's impeachment and deposal. First president to die in office.
6		Benedicto de León (1780–1835)	19 September 1832	13 August 1835	2 years, 328 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Took office following Cortés's death in office. He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later
7		Salvador Alducín (1780–1853)	19 September 1835	8 May 1836	241 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Appointed as interim president following de León's resignation.

Political Reforms of 1836

The position of the Prime Minister was established in 1836. Until the 20th century, the president and prime minister did not run jointly and could be from different parties.

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	Prime Minister	Notes
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
8		Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi (1781–1858)	8 May 1836	16 June 1836	39 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Vacant	He assumed the presidency in place of Salazar, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.
9		Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876)	16 June 1836	3 August 1836	48 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi	He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally-elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Prime Minister Gutiérrez Garibaldi four more times until 1837.
(8)		Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi (1781–1858)	4 August 1836	21 August 1836	17 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Himself
(9)		Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876)	22 August 1836	15 December 1836	115 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi
(8)		Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi (1781–1858)	17 December 1836	3 March 1837	76 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Himself
(9)		Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876)	4 March 1837	6 April 1837	33 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi
(8)		Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi (1781–1858)	7 April 1837	1 August 1837	116 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Himself	He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. When Salazar took office again aligned with conservatives; Garibaldi went into exile.
(9)		Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876)	2 August 1837	16 February 1838	198 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi	He cancelled the liberal reforms. On 27 January, the Sixth Constituent Congress dismissed Garibaldi as Prime Minister.
10		Ciro Martínez (1794–1841)	17 February 1838	18 February 1840	1 year, 200 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Vacant	He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Salazar left office to fight the rebellion in Gran Zuñiga. On 23 October, Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis, which voided the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system. He served both as the last president of the First Republic and the first of the Centralist Republic.

Centralist Republic of Anahuac (1840-1855)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	Prime Minister	Notes
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
10		Ciro Martínez (1794–1841)	17 February 1838	18 February 1840	1 year, 200 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Vacant	He left office in 1840 due to disease. He died a year later.
11		Andrés Ibarra Droualliet (1797-1864)	19 February 1840	20 January 1842	1 year, 335 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Justo Sierra Domínguez	He took office as constitutional elected president following Martínez's resignation. During his term, he enacted the Eight Organic Laws.
12		Álvaro Nuñez Torres (1795-1870)	20 January 1842	19 September 1842	211 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Manuel Esponceda	Took ofice after Ibarra left office to fight the insurgency of the Southern Confederation.
13		Manuel Esponceda (1780–1853)	20 September 1842	1 October 1842	11 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Vacant	He was appointed interim president when Nuñez Torres was assasinated by insurgents of Tectetán. Resigned when Salazar launched a rebellion.
(9)		Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876)	2 October 1842	13 October 1843	1 year, 11 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Daniel Lazarillo	Appointed provisional president by the Senate of the Republic.
(7)		Salvador Alducín (1780–1853)	14 October 1843	5 March 1844	143 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Vacant	Appointed as substitute president by Salazar when he left the office.
(9)		Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876)	5 March 1844	12 November 1844	252 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Vacant	Reassumed the presidency as provisional president.
14		Pedro Aguilar Almaguer (1794–1850)	8 May 1845	12 July 1845	65 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Rafael Balbuena	He was appointed interim by Salazar when he left office to assist the invasion of Tectetán
15		Rafael Balbuena (1792–1854)	15 July 1845	21 October 1846	1 year, 98 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Vacant	He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate after Almaguer was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress.
(9)		Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876)	25 October 1846	12 January 1847	79 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Vacant	Assumed office via a coup against Balbuena.
15		Joaquín Ramos Herrera (1797–1867)	15 January 1847	21 September 1849	2 years, 249 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Santiago Luján	Assumed office after a coup against Salazar.
16		Santiago Luján (1789–1860)	25 September 1849	1 January 1850	2 years, 98 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Vacant	Appointed as interim president when Ramos Herrera went to fight the rebellion of Plan de San Agustín, the goal of which was to bring Salazar once again to the presidency.
17		Cristóbal Alanis de León (1794–1876)	2 January 1850	1 May 1850	119 days	Liberal Party of Anahuac	Sergio Coronado Barrera	He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Luján resigned because of the rebellion of Plan de San Agustín.
18		Rubén Escobedo (1802–1855)	2 May 1850	3 May 1852	4 years, 243 days	Liberal Party	Vacant	He resigned when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the Conversative rebellion.
(9)		Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876)	3 May 1852	1 January 1855	4 years, 243 days	Conservative Party	Andrés Nava	He swore as President following the triumph of the Plan de San Agustín, but ruled as a dictator. The purchase of Isla Roca Roja and the extension of Petén occured during this final term.
19		Francisco Sarabia (1806–1871)	1 February 1855	17 December 1855	319 days	Conservative Party	Vacant	He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayala but he took office until 1 February.
20		Desidero Escobedo (1812–1863)	18 December 1855	16 December 1856	1 year, 0 days	Conservative Party	Vacant	He became constitutional president on 17 December 1855. Also served a term during the Second Republic and subsequent Reformation War

Second Republic of Anahuac (1855-1861)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	Prime Minister	Notes
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
10		Desidero Escobedo (1812–1863)	17 February 1838	18 February 1840	1 year, 200 days	Conservative Party of Anahuac	Vacant	He left office in 1840 due to disease. He died a year later.