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| {{Sidebar with collapsible lists | | {{Politics of Freice}} |
| | name = Politics of Freice
| | The '''politics of Freice''' takes place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy with aspects of mixed government. The head of state of Freice is Queen Diana II in right of the Riamese Federation. Domestically the [[Maaita of Freice|Maaita]] is the local ruler and de facto head of state, serving at the apex of the indigenous government. Both are hereditary positions. |
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| | title = {{Politics sidebar title |country=Freice|image=File:Coat of Arms of Freice.png|size=200px|title= Freice}}
| | Freice's government consists of a number of committees through which decisions are made. Executive power is exercised by all elected representatives through these committees. The Policy Development Committee is the senior committee and is responsible for the overall direction of government policy; the president of the committee serves as de facto head of government. The council consists of the chairs of each committee and the district mayors. |
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| |list1title = [[Freice|Constitution]]
| | The constitution vests executive and legislative power in the Representative Council, a unicameral body consisting of twenty elected representatives. Prior to 2009, the Maaita chaired its sessions, but now one of its members is elected president. The Council is elected every three years via universal suffrage. When convened as the executive branch, it is called the "Committees of the Representative Council." |
| |list1 =
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| * WIP
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| |list2title = [[Freice#Common_Wealth_Party|Common Wealth Party]]
| | == Executive branch == |
| |list2 =
| | === Maaita === |
| * Congress
| | {{main|Maaita of Freice}} |
| ** wip
| | The Maaita of Freice is the local head of Freice, fulfilling most of the duties of head of state. Until 2009, the Maaita was the head of government and was required to preside over legislative sessions, but these powers were diluted following constitutional amendments. The Maaita is the most senior position amongst the local institutions, and arose from an agreement between three chiefs that the role should rotate amongst them. The descendants of these chiefs continue to hold the office on rotation. |
| * Organising Committee
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| ** First Secretary: [[Rarje Nemjiesa]]
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| |list3title = [[Freice#Politics_and_Government|Executive]]
| | The current Maaita, since 30 January 2023, is [[Kaana Tenkel]], who is the sole inheritor of Tuaa Savou's share of the office. Since 22 December 2023, his wife [[Makeeia Taaguvigi]] serves as regent. |
| |list3 =
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| * [[Politics of Freice#Leader of the Senior Council|Leader of the Senior Council]]
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| ** [[Rarje Nemjiesa]]
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| * [[Politics of Freice#Senior Council|Senior Council]]
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| |list4title = [[Freice#Politics_and_Government|Legislature]]
| | === Policy Development Committee === |
| |list4 =
| | The Policy Development Committee is the senior committee within the Freician system of government. The committee is responsible for the broad development of policies and programmes and for coordinating the work of the other committees. It's main functions are the co-ordination of the work of committees; fiscal, economic, and financial matters; external relations and constitutional affairs; and any other matters not explicitly vested in another committee. |
| * [[Nuejel]]
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| |list5title = [[Freice#Politics_and_Government|Judiciary]]
| | The committee is presided over by a president, who is elected by the Representative Council. The president of the committee serves as the de facto head of government as the most powerful single political figure. However, unlike in most parliamentary systems, power is decentralised; as such, the president's power is largely determined by their individual relations with other figures and committees. Other members include the chairs of the other committees and the mayors of each district. |
| |list5 =
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| * [[Politics of Freice|High Court]]
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| * [[Police of Freice]]
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| |list6title = [[Freice#Administrative_Divisions|Administrative divisions]]
| | === Council Committees === |
| |list6 =
| | Decision-making in Freice's government is undertaken by committees. Instead of government departments or ministries, power is delegated to a number of committees made up of councillors. These committees are tasked with a specific policy area, with a chair elected amongst them to guide its activities and to represent the committee to the wider Council. Each committee has between four and six councillors, with councillors permitted to sit on (but not chair) multiple committees. |
| * wip
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| * wip
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| |list7title = [[Freice#Foreign_Relations|Foreign policy]]
| | The current committees are as follows: |
| |list7 =
| | * Finance and Economy Committee |
| * Department of Neighbourhoods, Strategic Relationships and Cultural Services | | * Social Affairs and Culture Committee |
| ** Councillor: Gera Ieja Yurjal | | * Federation and External Affairs Committee |
| * [[Politics of Freice#Foreign Relations|Foreign Relations]] | | * Education and Families Committee |
| | * Health and Social Services Committee |
| | * Home Affairs and Justice Committee |
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| | list8title = [[Freice#Elections|Elections]]
| | ==Legislature== |
| | list8 =
| | The legislative branch of the Freician government is the Representative Council, which is elected every three years with a universal franchise. Until 2009, senior landowners and district leaders also held seats in the council with voting powers, but constitutional changes removed this automatic right and extended the franchise so that all women, rather than just married women, could vote. The amendments also removed the requirement for the Maaita's presence, with the role of presiding officer now undertaken by the President of the Council in the Maaita's absence. |
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| </div>
| | The Representative Council consists of 20 members, including a president who serves as its presiding officer. The council meets for three sessions per year, with each session lasting a minimum of 7 working days. The Representative Council is responsible for passing laws, levying taxes, and maintaining the "peace, order, and good government of Freice." |
| }}
| |
| Since the 2021 Freician coup d'état, the politics of the [[Freice|Country of Freice]] (commonly known as Freice) takes place in the framework of a single-party socialist republic. Under the interim constitution of 2021, the sole legal party is the Common Wealth Party of Freice (Kpp), which is described as the 'preeminent movement for political, social, and cultural activities' in Freice. As a consequence of the Kpp's constitutional position, the party's leadership and the national leadership largely overlap. The incumbent First Secretary of the Kpp, Rarje Nemjiesa, is the current Leader of the Senior Council - the head of state and government in Freice.
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| Executive power is exercised by the government of Freice - the Senior Council - whilst legislative power is exercised by the Nuejel, elected every three years. The Senior Council is headed by a Leader, who serves as 'first amongst equals' alongside the heads of the individual government departments. Because the Leader is always the Kpp's First Secretary, in reality, the Leader is superior and not equal to other members of the Council, enjoying the power to appoint and dismiss members at his discretion. The judiciary is officially independent of the executive and legislative branches, but falls under the influence of the Kpp, rendering it de facto under state control.
| | Riamese federal law does not automatically apply to Freice except from in a small number of cases provided for in constitutional law or in bilateral agreements. No law passed in the Riamese federal parliament has ever been extended to Freice without its consent, with a total of 29 laws having been agreed on since 1972. |
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| Freice's political system is widely regarded by outside observers as undemocratic and authoritarian; political opposition to the authority of the Kpp is prohibited, and censorship is widespread. Freedom of the media is largely curtailed, with the media largely adopting and promoting the interests of the party. Elections are held in Freice, but candidates must be approved by the Kpp, with no real choice for voters. | | ==Judiciary== |
| | The constitution of Freice provides for an independent judiciary subject only to the law. The island's legal system consists of traditional Freician customary law overlaid with principles and practices taken from federal and statute law. The courts of Freice are responsible for the administration of justice. |
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| ==Executive==
| | The court structure is composed of four types of court. The highest is the Island Court, which exercises unlimited jurisdiction over all civil and criminal cases, although its work is primarily limited to hearing appeals. The President of the Island Court acts as the island's chief justice and is the most senior member of the judiciary. The President is usually a Riamese jurist, although the Deputy President is legally required to be an islander. The District Court acts as a criminal court and also hears serious civil matters. Summary Courts are local courts which deal with minor civil cases and some less-serious criminal matters. Land Courts are ad-hoc bodies organised to hear disputes over land. |
| [[File:Declaraciones_a_la_Prensa_(11).jpg|230px|thumb|Carolina Ponce de León, leader of the coalition ''Compromiso por Itaguay'' is the President of Itaguay for the 2019-2023 period.]]
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| [[File:Rodrigo Hinzpeter.jpg|230px|thumb|Rodrigo Larroulet Vignau, Minister of Stockbreeding, Agriculture and Fishing.]]
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| [[File:Felipe_Larrain_Bascunan.jpg|230px|thumb|Andrés de Soto Larraín, Vice-President of Itaguay.]]
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| The Leader of the Senior Council (Freician: Uenejal gi gura derjadia rajia) is the head of state and head of government, elected by the Nuejel every three years. In reality, the Leader, as First Secretary of the Kpp's Organising Committee, is elected by the Congress of the Kpp and approved by the Nuejel. This approval is largely symbolic. The Leader appoints and dismisses members of the Senior Council, and nominates candidates for the judiciary for the Nuejel's approval. The Leader has significant influence over both foreign and domestic policy, enjoying the right to declare war and peace and a state of emergency. | |
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| The Senior Council (Freician: Derjadia rajia) | | The senior Riamese courts have jurisdiction in a limited number of cases. The Federal High Court and the Federal Supreme Court hear cases relating to good government and human rights, matters agreed through bilateral treaties, and constitutional matters reserved for the federal government. |
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| The Government (Vietnamese: Chính phủ) is the executive arm of the National Assembly and the highest administrative body of the Vietnamese state. It is headed by the president, prime minister and consists of deputy prime ministers, ministers and other members. The Government is a unified administration responsible for the implementation of political, economic, cultural, social, national defence, security and external activities of the state. It is also responsible for the effectiveness of the state apparatus itself from the top down, stabilisation in the country and the observance of the constitution.[29] As with the President, the Government is elected by the deputies of the National Assembly for a five-year term.[30] The Prime Minister of the Government (Vietnamese: Thủ tướng Chính phủ) is the head of government and is elected or dismissed by the National Assembly, at the request of the president. Since 5 April 2021, the prime minister of the government has been Phạm Minh Chính.
| | ==See also== |
| ===Cabinet=== | | * [[Freice]] |
| The cabinet forms the government of Itaguay and it is composed by the President and Vice President (only if the first is not in the country or during extraordinary occasions) and the 12 ministers that are appointed directly by the President of Itaguay. The current cabinet of the republic is led by [[Carolina Ponce de León]] from the [[Socialist Party (Itaguay)|Socialist Party]] after the [[2019 Itaguay Elections]], it is a coalition cabinet with members her party, the [[Christian Democracy (Itaguay)|Christian Democracy]] and the [[Social Democratic Party (Itaguay)|Social Democratic Party]]. Ministerial portfolios were assigned following the percentage of votes during the elections, being the [[Socialist Party (Itaguay)|Socialist Party]] the most voted party (with 7 offices), the [[Christian Democracy (Itaguay)|Christian Democracy]] second (3 offices) and in the end, the [[Social Democratic Party (Itaguay)|Social Democratic Party]] (with 2 offices).
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| {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" width=750
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| | colspan="5" bgcolor="#F2F2F2" align="center" | '''Cabinet of Rarje Nemjiesa (2021-present)'''
| |
| |- bgcolor="EFEFEF"
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| |-
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| |-
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| | Leader of the Senior Council
| |
| | width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
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| | Common Wealth Party
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| | Rarje Nemjiesa
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| | 2021-present
| |
| |-
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| | Deputy Leader of the Senior Council
| |
| | width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
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| | Common Wealth Party
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| | Tuse Gajal
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| | 2021-present
| |
| |-
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| | Councillor for Neighbourhoods, Strategic Relationships
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| and Cultural Services
| |
| | width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
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| | Common Wealth Party
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| | Gera Ieja Yurjal
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| | 2021-present
| |
| |-
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| | Councillor for Communities, Planning and the Economy
| |
| | width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
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| | Common Wealth Party
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| | Amje Naqesal
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| | 2021-present
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| |-
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| | Councillor for Families, Education and Skills
| |
| | width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
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| | Common Wealth Party
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| | Jeke Qaga
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| | 2021-present
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| |-
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| | Councillor for Public Health, Social Care and Wellbeing
| |
| | width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
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| | Common Wealth Party
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| | Dr. Kuta Nedja
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| | 2021-present
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| |-
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| | Councillor for Conservation, Land Protection and Resources
| |
| | width="1" style="background-color:#bb2e2e" |
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| | Common Wealth Party
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| | Ina Qiguqu
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| | 2021-present
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
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| ==Legislative branch== | | ==Notes== |
| [[File:2017 Santiago de Chile - Edificio de los Tribunales de Justicia.jpg|230px|thumb|Parliament of Itaguay and the Manuel Balmaceda Square.]]
| | {{notelist}} |
| The legislative branch of power in Itaguay is vested on the {{wp|unicameral}} [[Parliament of Itaguay]], a legislature composed by 250 members called parliamentarians or ''parlamentarios'', who are elected by the population during the general elections. Independent members of the parliament are uncommon in Itaguay and the current legislature does not count with any of them; current members are part of the three governing parties in coalition, plus the opposition (currently composed by four political parties). Members of the parliament are elected under a system of ''{{wp|Ley de Lemas}}'' or double simultaneous voting, that meaning that every party (or previously accorded coalition) is a ''lema'' (representing a unique candidature for president and vice president) composed by several ''sublemas'', which usually represent different factions inside a party; while the presidential candidature is previously accorded during the primary elections, the election of the members of the parliament is determined by the votes each ''lema'' and ''sublema'' received.
| |
| ==Elections==
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| Itaguay holds elections every five years to elect president, vice-president and members of the legislature; elections are supervised by the Electoral Court of Itaguay (''Corte Electoral de Itaguay''), an independent branch from the Judiciary Power composed by a president, a vice-president and seven members appointed by the Parliament; the current composition was formed in 2017 and contemplates three members from the officialism, two from the [[People's Party (Itaguay)|People's Party]] and two from the [[Independent Civic Union (Itaguay)|UCI]], while the president is independent, the vice-president is from the [[Socialist Party (Itaguay)|Socialist Party]]. The Electoral Court controls also municipal and departamental elections, referendums, plebiscites and elective processes in the government of the [[University of Itaguay]] and the Previsions Bank.
| |
| ===List of political parties===
| |
| The politics of Parincota are marked by a strong presence of well established parties functioning under a {{wp|multi-party system}}. The oldest parties in Itaguay are the [[People's Party (Itaguay)|People's Party]] and the [[Christian Democratic Party (Itaguay)|Christian Democracy]]; however, modern politics since the return of the democracy, have been led by the [[People's Party (Itaguay)|People's Party]] and the [[Independent Civic Union (Itaguay)|UCI]] on the right of the political spectrum and the [[Socialist Party (Itaguay)|Socialist Party]] with its coalition with [[Christian Democratic Party (Itaguay)|Christian Democracy]] on the left. Politics have been dominated by the Socialists and ''Populares'', being the two parties the ones that governed the most times since the return of the democracy (3 and 3) and making it difficult to other parties to achieve the electoral success; the [[Independent Civic Union (Itaguay)|UCI]] and [[Christian Democratic Party (Itaguay)|Christian Democracy]] are second on the line with one presidency each since the return of the democracy.
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| Before heading to the national elections to elect President and Vice-President, political parties must elect candidates during the primary elections, the candidates elected face the electorate in the general elections in October and if no candidate obtains the absolute majority of votes (50% plus one), there is a runoff, commonly called ''ballotage'', between the two most-voted candidates. Coalitions are usually made before facing these second instance.
| | ==External links== |
| {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
| | * [https://i.imgur.com/LJrd3HN.jpg/ Official website of the Government] |
| !colspan=2 |Party Name
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| !Party Logo
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| !Coalition
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| !Party leader
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| !Seats in the [[Parliament of Parinacota]]
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| !Ideology
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| |-
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| | style="background-color:#00A550" |
| |
| | [[Socialist Party (Parinacota)|Socialist Party]]
| |
| | [[File:PSParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
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| | style="background:#98FB98; color:black"|<center>Government</center>
| |
| | [[Carolina Ponce de León]]
| |
| | {{Composition bar|76|250|hex=#00A550}}</center>
| |
| | {{wp|Social democracy}}, {{wp|democratic socialism}}, {{wp|progressivism}}, {{wp|humanism}}, {{wp|welfare state}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background-color:#2061A2" |
| |
| | [[People's Party (Parinacota)|People's Party]]
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| | [[File:PPParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
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| | style="background:#ff9090; color:black"|<center>Opposition</center>
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| | [[Juan Ignacio Ward Cortés]]
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| | {{Composition bar|68|250|hex=#2061A2}}</center>
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| | {{wp|Conservatism}}, {{wp|christian democracy}}, {{wp|conservative liberalism}}, {{wp|economic liberalism}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background-color:#ED1C24" |
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| | [[Independent Civic Union (Parinacota)|UCI]]
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| | [[File:UCIParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
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| | style="background:#ff9090; color:black"|<center>Opposition</center>
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| | [[Laura Ache Larreta]]
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| | {{Composition bar|31|250|hex=#ED1C24}}</center>
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| | {{wp|Liberalism}}, {{wp|conservative liberalism}}, soft {{wp|progressivism}}, {{wp|secularism}}
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| |-
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| | style="background-color:#0070BB" |
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| | [[Christian Democratic Party (Parinacota)|Christian Democracy]]
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| | [[File:DCParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
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| | style="background:#98FB98; color:black"|<center>Government</center>
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| | [[Azucena Hutt Baer]]
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| | {{Composition bar|26|250|hex=#0070BB}}</center>
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| | {{wp|Christian democracy}}, {{wp|social democracy}}, {{wp|humanism}}
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| |-
| |
| | style="background-color:#6F2DA8" |
| |
| | [[Social Democratic Party (Parinacota)|Social Democratic Party]]
| |
| | [[File:SDParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
| |
| | style="background:#98FB98; color:black"|<center>Government</center>
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| | [[Sebastián Montoya Lavín]]
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| | {{Composition bar|19|250|hex=#6F2DA8}}</center>
| |
| | {{wp|Social democracy}}, {{wp|democratic socialism}}, {{wp|welfare state}}, {{wp|progressivism}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background-color:#FFD700" |
| |
| | [[National Alliance (Parinacota)|National Alliance]]
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| | [[File:ANParinacotaLogo.png|150px]]
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| | style="background:#ff9090; color:black"|<center>Opposition</center>
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| | [[Guido Echenique Figueroa]]
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| | {{Composition bar|6|250|hex=#FFD700}}</center>
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| | {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}, {{wp|conservatism}}, {{wp|agrarianism}}, {{wp|economic liberalism}}, {{wp|nationalism}}
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| |-
| |
| |}
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| ==Judicial branch==
| | {{Template:Anteria info pages}} |
| [[File:Palacio Piria, Montevideo 05.jpg|230px|thumb|Supreme Court of Itaguay in the Human Rights Alley.]]
| | {{Template:Freice topics}} |
| The judiciary of Itaguay is often called the third power in the country and it is one of the branches of the government. On the Constitution its function is described as to interpret and apply the law, provide mechanisms for dispute resolution and ensure equal justice under the law regardless of genre, ethnic or socioeconomic background. The legal system of Itaguay is based on the {{wp|civil law}} and since the reforms undergone during the presidencies of Manuel Balmaceda, it has influences from several developed !European legal systems. The judiciary of Itaguay is constituted as a hierarchical system of courts, in which at the highest court is the Supreme Court of Itaguay composed by five members appointed by the executive branch of the government for a ten-year term. The Constitution of Itaguay describes the conditions for the members as men or women, of at least 40 years and with a career in law of at least 10 years, members can not be older than 70 years old.
| | [[Category:Freice]] |
| | | [[Category:Politics of Freice]] |
| Below the Supreme Court, there are sixteen courts of appeal (each with three judges), seven courts of appeal specialised in civil matters, four specialised in criminal matters, three specialised in labour law (which work during negotiations to solve employer-employees disputes mainly) and two that cover family matters. The lowest tier is composed by justice of the peace and courts of first instance specialised in administrative, civil, criminal, customs, juvenile and labour cases. Although the hierarchy, all of them are functionally and structurally impartial, that is, the tribunal should not be interested in the object of the particular case, and the higher tribunal does not impose a behaviour nor precedent to the lower ones. The judiciary has also separated courts for the elections (Electoral Court) and the military.
| | [[Category:Anteria]] |
| | |
| As well as in the other two branches of the government, the judiciary of Itaguay suffered the influence from the military during the dictatorship. After the return of the democracy, the presidency of the Christian Democrat Ignacio Larraín Hesse undergone several reforms in the judicial branch of power, aiming to amend Human Rights violations conceived during the twelve years period; among some of the most highlighted reforms, there is the amnesty with the urban guerrilla group [[Movimiento de Liberación Nacional Itaguayan]] and the predominance of the legislative when choosing members of the Supreme Court.
| |
| | |
| {{Itaguay|state=collapsed}}
| |
The politics of Freice takes place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy with aspects of mixed government. The head of state of Freice is Queen Diana II in right of the Riamese Federation. Domestically the Maaita is the local ruler and de facto head of state, serving at the apex of the indigenous government. Both are hereditary positions.
Freice's government consists of a number of committees through which decisions are made. Executive power is exercised by all elected representatives through these committees. The Policy Development Committee is the senior committee and is responsible for the overall direction of government policy; the president of the committee serves as de facto head of government. The council consists of the chairs of each committee and the district mayors.
The constitution vests executive and legislative power in the Representative Council, a unicameral body consisting of twenty elected representatives. Prior to 2009, the Maaita chaired its sessions, but now one of its members is elected president. The Council is elected every three years via universal suffrage. When convened as the executive branch, it is called the "Committees of the Representative Council."
Executive branch
Maaita
The Maaita of Freice is the local head of Freice, fulfilling most of the duties of head of state. Until 2009, the Maaita was the head of government and was required to preside over legislative sessions, but these powers were diluted following constitutional amendments. The Maaita is the most senior position amongst the local institutions, and arose from an agreement between three chiefs that the role should rotate amongst them. The descendants of these chiefs continue to hold the office on rotation.
The current Maaita, since 30 January 2023, is Kaana Tenkel, who is the sole inheritor of Tuaa Savou's share of the office. Since 22 December 2023, his wife Makeeia Taaguvigi serves as regent.
Policy Development Committee
The Policy Development Committee is the senior committee within the Freician system of government. The committee is responsible for the broad development of policies and programmes and for coordinating the work of the other committees. It's main functions are the co-ordination of the work of committees; fiscal, economic, and financial matters; external relations and constitutional affairs; and any other matters not explicitly vested in another committee.
The committee is presided over by a president, who is elected by the Representative Council. The president of the committee serves as the de facto head of government as the most powerful single political figure. However, unlike in most parliamentary systems, power is decentralised; as such, the president's power is largely determined by their individual relations with other figures and committees. Other members include the chairs of the other committees and the mayors of each district.
Council Committees
Decision-making in Freice's government is undertaken by committees. Instead of government departments or ministries, power is delegated to a number of committees made up of councillors. These committees are tasked with a specific policy area, with a chair elected amongst them to guide its activities and to represent the committee to the wider Council. Each committee has between four and six councillors, with councillors permitted to sit on (but not chair) multiple committees.
The current committees are as follows:
- Finance and Economy Committee
- Social Affairs and Culture Committee
- Federation and External Affairs Committee
- Education and Families Committee
- Health and Social Services Committee
- Home Affairs and Justice Committee
Legislature
The legislative branch of the Freician government is the Representative Council, which is elected every three years with a universal franchise. Until 2009, senior landowners and district leaders also held seats in the council with voting powers, but constitutional changes removed this automatic right and extended the franchise so that all women, rather than just married women, could vote. The amendments also removed the requirement for the Maaita's presence, with the role of presiding officer now undertaken by the President of the Council in the Maaita's absence.
The Representative Council consists of 20 members, including a president who serves as its presiding officer. The council meets for three sessions per year, with each session lasting a minimum of 7 working days. The Representative Council is responsible for passing laws, levying taxes, and maintaining the "peace, order, and good government of Freice."
Riamese federal law does not automatically apply to Freice except from in a small number of cases provided for in constitutional law or in bilateral agreements. No law passed in the Riamese federal parliament has ever been extended to Freice without its consent, with a total of 29 laws having been agreed on since 1972.
Judiciary
The constitution of Freice provides for an independent judiciary subject only to the law. The island's legal system consists of traditional Freician customary law overlaid with principles and practices taken from federal and statute law. The courts of Freice are responsible for the administration of justice.
The court structure is composed of four types of court. The highest is the Island Court, which exercises unlimited jurisdiction over all civil and criminal cases, although its work is primarily limited to hearing appeals. The President of the Island Court acts as the island's chief justice and is the most senior member of the judiciary. The President is usually a Riamese jurist, although the Deputy President is legally required to be an islander. The District Court acts as a criminal court and also hears serious civil matters. Summary Courts are local courts which deal with minor civil cases and some less-serious criminal matters. Land Courts are ad-hoc bodies organised to hear disputes over land.
The senior Riamese courts have jurisdiction in a limited number of cases. The Federal High Court and the Federal Supreme Court hear cases relating to good government and human rights, matters agreed through bilateral treaties, and constitutional matters reserved for the federal government.
See also
Notes
External links
