List of heads of state of Anahuac: Difference between revisions
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This list also includes the self-appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed executive duties during periods of transition. | This list also includes the self-appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed executive duties during periods of transition. | ||
== Affiliation keys == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Abbreviation | |||
! Party name (English) | |||
! Party name (Spanish) | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor=#D50100| | |||
| Liberal | |||
| '''Liberal Party of Anahuac''' | |||
| Partido Liberal de Anáhuac | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor=#0000FF| | |||
| Conservative | |||
| '''Conservative Party of Anahuac''' | |||
| Partido Conservador de Anáhuac | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor=Lightgray| | |||
| — | |||
| '''[[Independent politician]]''' | |||
| Político independiente | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor="#05338d" | | |||
| PLN | |||
| '''National Lenocian Party''' | |||
| Partido Lenocista Nacional | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor=#ec64a1| | |||
| PCP | |||
| '''Progressive Constitutionalist Party''' | |||
| Partido Constitucionalista Progresista | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor=#db8b04| | |||
| Constitutionalist | |||
| '''Constitutionalist Party''' | |||
| Partido Constitutionalista | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor=#046c44| | |||
| PIF | |||
| '''Federal Institutional Party''' | |||
| Partido Federal Institucional | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor=#158380| | |||
| UDN | |||
| '''[[Anahuense Democratic Union|National Democratic Union]]''' | |||
| Unión Democrática Nacional | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor=#b5261e| | |||
| RECONA | |||
| '''National Reconciliation Movement''' | |||
| Movimiento de Reconciliación Nacional | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor=#005e53| | |||
| Military | |||
| '''[[Federal Armed Forces of Anáhuac]]''' | |||
| Fuerzas Armadas Federales de Anáhuac | |||
|} | |||
== United States of Anahuac (1811–1824) == | == United States of Anahuac (1811–1824) == | ||
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! Time in office | ! Time in office | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: | ! style="background:#D50100;" | {{color|black|4}} | ||
| [[File:Jose Maria Bocanegra.PNG|100px]] | | [[File:Jose Maria Bocanegra.PNG|100px]] | ||
| Juan José Rangel<br />{{small|(1792–1862)}} | | Juan José Rangel<br />{{small|(1792–1862)}} | ||
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| style="width:30%;" | {{small|As Vice President he assumed the presidency after a Liberal coup against Nuñez.}} | | style="width:30%;" | {{small|As Vice President he assumed the presidency after a Liberal coup against Nuñez.}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: | ! style="background:#D50100;" | {{color|black|5}} | ||
| [[File:Melchor Muzquiz.png|100px]] | | [[File:Melchor Muzquiz.png|100px]] | ||
| Erasmo Cortés <br />{{small|(1786–1843)}} | | Erasmo Cortés <br />{{small|(1786–1843)}} | ||
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| style="width:30%;" | {{small|Appointed as interim president followin Rangel's impeachment and deposal. First president to die in office.}} | | style="width:30%;" | {{small|Appointed as interim president followin Rangel's impeachment and deposal. First president to die in office.}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: | ! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|6}} | ||
| [[File:Anastasio Bustamante Oleo (480x600).png|100px]] | | [[File:Anastasio Bustamante Oleo (480x600).png|100px]] | ||
| Benedicto de León <br />{{small|(1780–1835)}} | | Benedicto de León <br />{{small|(1780–1835)}} | ||
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| {{small|Took office following Cortés's death in office. He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later}} | | {{small|Took office following Cortés's death in office. He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: | ! style="background:#D50100;" | {{color|black|7}} | ||
| [[File:Presidente Nicolas Bravo.PNG|100px]] | | [[File:Presidente Nicolas Bravo.PNG|100px]] | ||
| Salvador Alducín <br />{{small|(1780–1853)}} | | Salvador Alducín <br />{{small|(1780–1853)}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== Political Reforms of 1836 === | |||
The position of the Prime Minister was established in 1836. Until the 20th century, the president and prime minister did not run jointly and could be from different parties. | The position of the Prime Minister was established in 1836. Until the 20th century, the president and prime minister did not run jointly and could be from different parties. | ||
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! Time in office | ! Time in office | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: | ! style="background:#D50100;" | {{color|black|8}} | ||
| [[File:Valentín Gómez Farías, portrait.JPG|100px]] | | [[File:Valentín Gómez Farías, portrait.JPG|100px]] | ||
| Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi <br />{{small|(1781–1858)}} | | Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi <br />{{small|(1781–1858)}} | ||
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| {{small|He assumed the presidency in place of Salazar, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.}} | | {{small|He assumed the presidency in place of Salazar, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: | ! style="background:#D50100;" | {{color|black|9}} | ||
| [[File:Santaanna1.JPG|100px]] | | [[File:Santaanna1.JPG|100px]] | ||
| Ibrahim Salazar <br />{{small|(1794–1876)}} | | Ibrahim Salazar <br />{{small|(1794–1876)}} | ||
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| {{small|He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally-elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Prime Minister Gutiérrez Garibaldi four more times until 1837.}} | | {{small|He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally-elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Prime Minister Gutiérrez Garibaldi four more times until 1837.}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: | ! style="background:#D50100;" | {{color|black|(8)}} | ||
| [[File:Valentín Gómez Farías, portrait.JPG|100px]] | | [[File:Valentín Gómez Farías, portrait.JPG|100px]] | ||
| Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi <br />{{small|(1781–1858)}} | | Anastasio Gutiérrez Garibaldi <br />{{small|(1781–1858)}} | ||
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| He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. When Salazar took office again aligned with conservatives; Garibaldi went into exile. | | He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. When Salazar took office again aligned with conservatives; Garibaldi went into exile. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: | ! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|(9)}} | ||
| [[File:Santaanna1.JPG|100px]] | | [[File:Santaanna1.JPG|100px]] | ||
| Ibrahim Salazar <br />{{small|(1794–1876)}} | | Ibrahim Salazar <br />{{small|(1794–1876)}} | ||
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| He cancelled the liberal reforms. On 27 January, the Sixth Constituent Congress dismissed Garibaldi as Prime Minister. | | He cancelled the liberal reforms. On 27 January, the Sixth Constituent Congress dismissed Garibaldi as Prime Minister. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: | ! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|10}} | ||
| [[File:Pedro M. Anaya.PNG|100px]] | | [[File:Pedro M. Anaya.PNG|100px]] | ||
| Ciro Martínez <br />{{small|(1794–1841)}} | | Ciro Martínez <br />{{small|(1794–1841)}} | ||
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! Time in office | ! Time in office | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: | ! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|10}} | ||
| [[File:Pedro M. Anaya.PNG|100px]] | | [[File:Pedro M. Anaya.PNG|100px]] | ||
| Ciro Martínez <br />{{small|(1794–1841)}} | | Ciro Martínez <br />{{small|(1794–1841)}} | ||
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! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|11}} | ! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|11}} | ||
| [[File:Jose Justo Corro.PNG|100px]] | | [[File:Jose Justo Corro.PNG|100px]] | ||
| Andrés Ibarra Droualliet <br />{{small|( | | Andrés Ibarra Droualliet <br />{{small|(1797-1864)}} | ||
| 19 February 1840 | | 19 February 1840 | ||
| 20 January 1842 | | 20 January 1842 | ||
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! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|12}} | ! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|12}} | ||
| [[File:Miguel Barragan Oleo (480x600).png|100px]] | | [[File:Miguel Barragan Oleo (480x600).png|100px]] | ||
| Álvaro Nuñez Torres <br />{{small|( | | Álvaro Nuñez Torres <br />{{small|(1795-1870)}} | ||
| 20 January 1842 | | 20 January 1842 | ||
| 19 September 1842 | | 19 September 1842 | ||
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! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|13}} | ! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|13}} | ||
| [[File:Francisco Javier Echeverria.PNG|100px]] | | [[File:Francisco Javier Echeverria.PNG|100px]] | ||
| Manuel Esponceda <br />{{small|( | | Manuel Esponceda <br />{{small|(1780–1853)}} | ||
| 20 September 1842 | | 20 September 1842 | ||
| 1 October 1842 | | 1 October 1842 | ||
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| Vacant | | Vacant | ||
| {{small|He was appointed interim president when Nuñez Torres was assasinated by insurgents of Tectetán. Resigned when Salazar launched a rebellion.}} | | {{small|He was appointed interim president when Nuñez Torres was assasinated by insurgents of Tectetán. Resigned when Salazar launched a rebellion.}} | ||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party}};" | {{color|black|(9)}} | |||
| [[File:Santaanna1.JPG|100px]] | |||
| Ibrahim Salazar <br />{{small|(1794–1876)}} | |||
| 2 October 1842 | |||
| 13 October 1843 | |||
| {{ayd|1842|10|2|1843|10|13}} | |||
| Liberal Party of Anahuac | |||
| Daniel Lazarillo | |||
| {{small|Appointed provisional president by the Senate of the Republic.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|(7)}} | |||
| [[File:Presidente Nicolas Bravo.PNG|100px]] | |||
| Salvador Alducín <br />{{small|(1780–1853)}} | |||
| 14 October 1843 | |||
| 5 March 1844 | |||
| {{ayd|1843|10|14|1844|3|5}} | |||
| Conservative Party of Anahuac | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|Appointed as substitute president by Salazar when he left the office.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party}};" | {{color|black|(9)}} | |||
| [[File:Santaanna1.JPG|100px]] | |||
| Ibrahim Salazar <br />{{small|(1794–1876)}} | |||
| 5 March 1844 | |||
| 12 November 1844 | |||
| {{ayd|1844|3|5|1844|11|12}} | |||
| Liberal Party of Anahuac | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|Reassumed the presidency as provisional president.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|14}} | |||
| [[File:Valentin Canalizo Oleo (480x600).png|100px]] | |||
| Pedro Aguilar Almaguer <br />{{small|(1794–1850)}} | |||
| 8 May 1845 | |||
| 12 July 1845 | |||
| {{ayd|1845|5|8|1845|7|12}} | |||
| Conservative Party of Anahuac | |||
| Rafael Balbuena | |||
| {{small|He was appointed interim by Salazar when he left office to assist the invasion of Tectetán}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party}};" | {{color|black|15}} | |||
| [[File:Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga (480x600).png|100px]] | |||
| Rafael Balbuena <br />{{small|(1792–1854)}} | |||
| 15 July 1845 | |||
| 21 October 1846 | |||
| {{ayd|1845|7|15|1846|10|21}} | |||
| Liberal Party of Anahuac | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate after Almaguer was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party}};" | {{color|black|(9)}} | |||
| [[File:Santaanna1.JPG|100px]] | |||
| Ibrahim Salazar <br />{{small|(1794–1876)}} | |||
| 25 October 1846 | |||
| 12 January 1847 | |||
| {{ayd|1846|10|25|1847|1|12}} | |||
| Liberal Party of Anahuac | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|Assumed office via a coup against Balbuena.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|15}} | |||
| [[File:Jose Mariano Salas Oleo (480x600).png|100px]] | |||
| Joaquín Ramos Herrera <br />{{small|(1797–1867)}} | |||
| 15 January 1847 | |||
| 21 September 1849 | |||
| {{ayd|1847|1|15|1849|9|21}} | |||
| Conservative Party of Anahuac | |||
| Santiago Luján | |||
| {{small|Assumed office after a coup against Salazar.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party}};" | {{color|black|16}} | |||
| [[File:Miguel Miramón Oleo (480x600).png|100px]] | |||
| Santiago Luján <br />{{small|(1789–1860)}} | |||
| 25 September 1849 | |||
| 1 January 1850 | |||
| {{ayd|1847|9|25|1850|1|1}} | |||
| Liberal Party of Anahuac | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|Appointed as interim president when Ramos Herrera went to fight the rebellion of Plan de San Agustín, the goal of which was to bring Salazar once again to the presidency.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party}};" | {{color|black|17}} | |||
| [[File:Rómulo Díaz de la Vega.PNG|100px]] | |||
| Cristóbal Alanis de León <br />{{small|(1794–1876)}} | |||
| 2 January 1850 | |||
| 1 May 1850 | |||
| {{ayd|1850|1|2|1850|5|1}} | |||
| Liberal Party of Anahuac | |||
| Sergio Coronado Barrera | |||
| {{small|He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Luján resigned because of the rebellion of Plan de San Agustín.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party}};" | {{color|black|18}} | |||
| [[File:Mariano Arista Oleo (480x600).png|100px]] | |||
| Rubén Escobedo <br />{{small|(1802–1855)}} | |||
| 2 May 1850 | |||
| 3 May 1852 | |||
| {{ayd|1850|5|3|1855|1|1}} | |||
| Liberal Party | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|He resigned when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the Conversative rebellion.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|(9)}} | |||
| [[File:Santaanna1.JPG|100px]] | |||
| Ibrahim Salazar <br />{{small|(1794–1876)}} | |||
| 3 May 1852 | |||
| 1 January 1855 | |||
| {{ayd|1850|5|3|1855|1|1}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| Andrés Nava | |||
| {{small|He swore as President following the triumph of the Plan de San Agustín, but ruled as a dictator. The purchase of Isla Roca Roja and the extension of Petén occured during this final term.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|19}} | |||
| [[File:Martín Carrera.PNG|100px]] | |||
| Francisco Sarabia <br />{{small|(1806–1871)}} | |||
| 1 February 1855 | |||
| 17 December 1855 | |||
| {{ayd|1855|2|1|1855|12|17}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayala but he took office until 1 February.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|20}} | |||
| [[File:Ignacio Comonfort.PNG|100px]] | |||
| Desidero Escobedo <br />{{small|(1812–1863)}} | |||
| 18 December 1855 | |||
| 16 December 1856 | |||
| {{ayd|1855|12|16|1856|12|16}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|He became constitutional president on 17 December 1855. Also served a term during the Second Republic and subsequent Reformation War}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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== Second Republic of Anahuac (1855-1861) == | == Second Republic of Anahuac (1855-1861) == | ||
== Kingdom of Anahuac ( | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |Portrait | |||
! rowspan="2" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} | |||
! colspan="3" |Term of office | |||
! rowspan="2" |Political party | |||
! rowspan="2" |Prime Minister | |||
! rowspan="2" |Notes | |||
|- | |||
! Took office | |||
! Left office | |||
! Time in office | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|20}} | |||
| [[File:Ignacio Comonfort.PNG|100px]] | |||
| Desidero Escobedo <br />{{small|(1812–1863)}} | |||
| 18 December 1855 | |||
| 16 December 1856 | |||
| {{ayd|1855|12|16|1856|12|16}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|He became constitutional president on 17 December 1855. Also served a term during the Second Republic and subsequent Reformation War}} | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Reformation War 1856-1860 === | |||
''Main Article: [[Reformation War]]'' | |||
There were two rival governments during this civil war, which the liberals won. | |||
==== President recognized by the Liberals ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |Portrait | |||
! rowspan="2" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} | |||
! colspan="3" |Term of office | |||
! rowspan="2" |Political party | |||
! rowspan="2" |Prime Minister | |||
! rowspan="2" |Notes | |||
|- | |||
! Took office | |||
! Left office | |||
! Time in office | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#D50100;" | {{color|black|21}} | |||
| [[File:Benito Juárez - José Escudero y Espronceda.jpg|100px]] | |||
| Raymundo Vigil <br />{{small|(1806–1872)}} | |||
| 17 December 1856 | |||
| 23 July 1872 <br />{{small|(died)}} | |||
| {{ayd|1855|12|17|1872|7|23}} | |||
| Liberal Party | |||
| José Resendiz (1855-1860) <br /> Félix Carvajal Uresti (1860-1862) <br /> Jorge Álvarez (1862-1868) <br /> Alejandro Canseco (1868-1872) | |||
| {{small| During his tenure, the Constitution of 1858 was drafted and enforced after misuse of the Constitution of 1824. The subsequent struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as Reformation War.}} | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Presidents recognized by the Conservatives ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |Portrait | |||
! rowspan="2" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} | |||
! colspan="3" |Term of office | |||
! rowspan="2" |Political party | |||
! rowspan="2" |Prime Minister | |||
! rowspan="2" |Notes | |||
|- | |||
! Took office | |||
! Left office | |||
! Time in office | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|(20)}} | |||
| [[File:Ignacio Comonfort.PNG|100px]] | |||
| Desidero Escobedo <br />{{small|(1812–1863)}} | |||
| 16 December 1856 | |||
| 20 January 1857 | |||
| {{ayd|1856|12|16|1857|1|20}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|After the proclamation of the Plan of Zaragoza, Senate voided his remaining term, but was recognized by Conservatives as president with absolute powers.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|22}} | |||
| [[File:Félix María Zuloaga Oleo (480x600).png|100px]] | |||
| Ramiro López Tarso <br />{{small|(1817–1862)}} | |||
| 15 January 1857 | |||
| 26 December 1857 | |||
| {{ayd|1857|1|15|1857|12|26}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| Eugenio Tarso Rodríguez | |||
| {{small|After disowning Escobedo, López Tarso was appointed president by the Conservative Party.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|23}} | |||
| [[File:José Ignacio Pavón.PNG|100px]] | |||
| David Garza Sicardo <br />{{small|(1791–1866)}} | |||
| 31 December 1857 | |||
| 26 March 1858 | |||
| {{ayd|1857|12|31|1858|3|26}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|Appointed as conservative president following Eugenio Tarso's exile to the Liberal Party.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|24}} | |||
| [[File:Juan Nepomuceno Almonte LT.jpg|100px]] | |||
| David Garza Sicardo <br />{{small|(1791–1866)}} | |||
| 26 March 1858 | |||
| 8 April 1858 | |||
| {{ayd|1858|3|26|1858|4|8}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|Appointed as conservative president following Sicardo's resignation due to illness}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:{{party color|Conservative Party}};" | {{color|black|25}} | |||
| [[File:Vicente Lopez 1860.jpg|100px]] | |||
| Vicente Tolentino <br />{{small|(1785–1856)}} | |||
| 10 April 1859 | |||
| 7 September 1861 | |||
| {{ayd|1858|4|10|1861|9|7}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| Saul Terba Saucedo | |||
| {{small|Named constitutional Conservative president during the remainder of the Reformation War until deposed by liberal factions during the Battle of Chalma.}} | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
== Kingdom of Anahuac (1862-1869) == | |||
While the [[Kingdom of Anahuac]] established the ''Huey tlatoani'' as a symbolical head of state, Prime Ministers would exercise power in a similar fashion to prior presidents. For historical reasons, the periods of every Prime Minsiter usually are counted as regular presidential terms. | |||
=== Monarchy of ''tlatoani'' Cristobal I === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" |Portrait | |||
! rowspan="2" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} | |||
! colspan="3" |Reign | |||
! rowspan="2" |Royal house | |||
! rowspan="2" |Coat of arms | |||
|- | |||
! Reign start | |||
! Reign ended | |||
! Duration | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:Katholieke Illustratie 1867-1868 - nr 3 p 20 - gravure Maximiliaan van Mexico.jpg|156x156px]] | |||
| Cristobal I<br />{{small|(1812–1869)}} | |||
| 17 December 1862 | |||
| 19 June 1869 | |||
| {{ayd|1862|12|17|1869|6|19}} | |||
| House of Cordero | |||
| [[File:Escudo de San Juan de los Lagos.svg|100px]] | |||
|} | |||
=== Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Anahuac === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |Portrait | |||
! rowspan="2" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} | |||
! colspan="3" |Term of office | |||
! rowspan="2" |Political party | |||
! rowspan="2" |Notes | |||
|- | |||
! Took office | |||
! Left office | |||
! Time in office | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|26}} | |||
| [[File:Manuel de la Peña y Peña.PNG|100px]] | |||
| Martín Sanchez de Chagollán <br />{{small|(1831–1869)}} | |||
| 17 December 1862 | |||
| 19 October 1863 | |||
| {{ayd|1862|12|17|1863|10|19}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| {{small|Also appointed governor of the Anahuacian territories by [[Riamese Empire|Riamese]] occupation forces.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|27}} | |||
| [[File:Juan Bautista de Ormaechea.jpg|100px]] | |||
| Rogelio Alarcón <br />{{small|(1821–1875)}} | |||
| 1 November 1863 | |||
| 20 March 1865 | |||
| {{ayd|1863|11|1|1865|3|20}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| {{small|Reformed the relations between the Catholic Church and the government. Named godfather of Cristobal's second son.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|28}} | |||
| [[File:Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos.jpg|100px]] | |||
| Dédalo Esparza <br />{{small|(1830–1866)}} | |||
| 21 March 1865 | |||
| 19 December 1865 | |||
| {{ayd|1865|3|21|1865|12|19}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| {{small|Took office after Alarcón's dismissal by the Imperial Courts. Resigned due to illness, dying the following month.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|29}} | |||
| [[File:Santiago Vidaurri 1867.png|100px]] | |||
| Vicente Jaumave <br />{{small|(1805–1869)}} | |||
| 20 December 1865 | |||
| 19 December 1868 | |||
| {{ayd|1865|12|20|1868|12|19}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| {{small|As Minister of Governance, he became interim minister after the resignation of Esparza. Declared constitutional minister on March 1866. During his tenure, the 20,000 League Voyage (and by extension, the [[Great Anahuacian Co-Prosperity Zone]]) was issued.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|black|30}} | |||
| [[File:General Miguel Miramón.jpg|100px]] | |||
| Gregorio Atenógenes <br />{{small|(1831–1869)}} | |||
| 20 December 1868 | |||
| 19 June 1869 | |||
| {{ayd|1868|12|20|1869|7|19}} | |||
| Conservative Party | |||
| {{small|Took ofice on the personal request of Cristobal. Executed by Republican forces for his role in commandering the Imperial Army and Riamese occupation forces.}} | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
== Restored Republic (1869-1876) == | == Restored Republic (1869-1876) == | ||
Line 305: | Line 703: | ||
== Revolution (1911-1928) == | == Revolution (1911-1928) == | ||
== Third Republic (1928- | == Third Republic (1928-1934) == | ||
== Modern Anahuac ( | == Modern Anahuac (1934-present) == | ||
[[Category:Anteria]] | [[Category:Anteria]] | ||
[[Category: Anáhuac]] | [[Category: Anáhuac]] | ||
{{Template:Anteria info pages}} | {{Template:Anteria info pages}} |
Latest revision as of 09:12, 1 August 2024
Throughout its history, Anahuac had many different types of heads of state, as well as many different types of government. Under federal constitutions, the title of President was the same as the current one. In addition, there was a period of monarchical rule, during which the executive was controlled by the Emperor of Anahuac.
The chronology of the heads of state of Anahuac is complicated due to the country's political instability during most of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century. With few exceptions, most of the Anahuacian presidents elected during this period did not complete their terms. Until the presidency of Videl de la García, each president remained in office an average of fifteen months. Until the presidency of Óscar Vela Cantú, a president would've served a six-year period known as sexenio. Currently, a president now serves a eight-year term, known as a octenio. The current president of Anahuac is Matías Larrázabal Torres, who took office on 17 December 2018.
This list also includes the self-appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed executive duties during periods of transition.
Affiliation keys
Abbreviation | Party name (English) | Party name (Spanish) | |
---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Partido Liberal de Anáhuac | |
Conservative | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Partido Conservador de Anáhuac | |
— | Independent politician | Político independiente | |
PLN | National Lenocian Party | Partido Lenocista Nacional | |
PCP | Progressive Constitutionalist Party | Partido Constitucionalista Progresista | |
Constitutionalist | Constitutionalist Party | Partido Constitutionalista | |
PIF | Federal Institutional Party | Partido Federal Institucional | |
UDN | National Democratic Union | Unión Democrática Nacional | |
RECONA | National Reconciliation Movement | Movimiento de Reconciliación Nacional | |
Military | Federal Armed Forces of Anáhuac | Fuerzas Armadas Federales de Anáhuac |
United States of Anahuac (1811–1824)
After the consumation of Anahuacian independence, a brief transitional council by the National Triumvirate was appointed before reforming the country into the United States of Anahuac.
The Trivumvirate
The National Trivumvirate would govern the United States of Anahuac until the reformation of the country into the Republic of Anahuac.
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
1 | Aramberri Lavín (1783–1817) |
12 April 1813 | 23 April 1817 | 4 years, 11 days | Independent | Historically, the first modern president of Anahuac and the first one appointed by the National Triumvirate. Lavín was also the first president to be assasinated in office. | |
2 | Ramón Adaucto (1786–1843) |
10 October 1817 | 10 October 1823 | 6 years, 0 days | Independent | Second in-line of the National Triumvirate, and the first president of Anahuac to serve a full-term. | |
3 | Aarón Nuñez (1782–1831) |
10 October 1823 | 17 December 1829 | 6 years, 68 days | Independent | Declared succesor by Adaucto, and last member of the National Triumvirate. Presidency continued during the transition to the Republic of Anahuac. |
Republic of Anahuac (1824-1840)
Political Reforms of 1836
The position of the Prime Minister was established in 1836. Until the 20th century, the president and prime minister did not run jointly and could be from different parties.
Centralist Republic of Anahuac (1840-1855)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Prime Minister | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
10 | Ciro Martínez (1794–1841) |
17 February 1838 | 18 February 1840 | 1 year, 200 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Vacant | He left office in 1840 due to disease. He died a year later. | |
11 | Andrés Ibarra Droualliet (1797-1864) |
19 February 1840 | 20 January 1842 | 1 year, 335 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Justo Sierra Domínguez | He took office as constitutional elected president following Martínez's resignation. During his term, he enacted the Eight Organic Laws. | |
12 | Álvaro Nuñez Torres (1795-1870) |
20 January 1842 | 19 September 1842 | 211 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Manuel Esponceda | Took ofice after Ibarra left office to fight the insurgency of the Southern Confederation. | |
13 | Manuel Esponceda (1780–1853) |
20 September 1842 | 1 October 1842 | 11 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Vacant | He was appointed interim president when Nuñez Torres was assasinated by insurgents of Tectetán. Resigned when Salazar launched a rebellion. | |
(9) | Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876) |
2 October 1842 | 13 October 1843 | 1 year, 11 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Daniel Lazarillo | Appointed provisional president by the Senate of the Republic. | |
(7) | Salvador Alducín (1780–1853) |
14 October 1843 | 5 March 1844 | 143 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Vacant | Appointed as substitute president by Salazar when he left the office. | |
(9) | Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876) |
5 March 1844 | 12 November 1844 | 252 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Vacant | Reassumed the presidency as provisional president. | |
14 | Pedro Aguilar Almaguer (1794–1850) |
8 May 1845 | 12 July 1845 | 65 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Rafael Balbuena | He was appointed interim by Salazar when he left office to assist the invasion of Tectetán | |
15 | Rafael Balbuena (1792–1854) |
15 July 1845 | 21 October 1846 | 1 year, 98 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Vacant | He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate after Almaguer was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress. | |
(9) | Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876) |
25 October 1846 | 12 January 1847 | 79 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Vacant | Assumed office via a coup against Balbuena. | |
15 | Joaquín Ramos Herrera (1797–1867) |
15 January 1847 | 21 September 1849 | 2 years, 249 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Santiago Luján | Assumed office after a coup against Salazar. | |
16 | Santiago Luján (1789–1860) |
25 September 1849 | 1 January 1850 | 2 years, 98 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Vacant | Appointed as interim president when Ramos Herrera went to fight the rebellion of Plan de San Agustín, the goal of which was to bring Salazar once again to the presidency. | |
17 | Cristóbal Alanis de León (1794–1876) |
2 January 1850 | 1 May 1850 | 119 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Sergio Coronado Barrera | He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Luján resigned because of the rebellion of Plan de San Agustín. | |
18 | Rubén Escobedo (1802–1855) |
2 May 1850 | 3 May 1852 | 4 years, 243 days | Liberal Party | Vacant | He resigned when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the Conversative rebellion. | |
(9) | Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876) |
3 May 1852 | 1 January 1855 | 4 years, 243 days | Conservative Party | Andrés Nava | He swore as President following the triumph of the Plan de San Agustín, but ruled as a dictator. The purchase of Isla Roca Roja and the extension of Petén occured during this final term. | |
19 | Francisco Sarabia (1806–1871) |
1 February 1855 | 17 December 1855 | 319 days | Conservative Party | Vacant | He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayala but he took office until 1 February. | |
20 | Desidero Escobedo (1812–1863) |
18 December 1855 | 16 December 1856 | 1 year, 0 days | Conservative Party | Vacant | He became constitutional president on 17 December 1855. Also served a term during the Second Republic and subsequent Reformation War |
Second Republic of Anahuac (1855-1861)
Reformation War 1856-1860
Main Article: Reformation War
There were two rival governments during this civil war, which the liberals won.
President recognized by the Liberals
Presidents recognized by the Conservatives
Kingdom of Anahuac (1862-1869)
While the Kingdom of Anahuac established the Huey tlatoani as a symbolical head of state, Prime Ministers would exercise power in a similar fashion to prior presidents. For historical reasons, the periods of every Prime Minsiter usually are counted as regular presidential terms.
Monarchy of tlatoani Cristobal I
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Reign | Royal house | Coat of arms | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign ended | Duration | ||||
Cristobal I (1812–1869) |
17 December 1862 | 19 June 1869 | 6 years, 184 days | House of Cordero |
Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Anahuac
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
26 | Martín Sanchez de Chagollán (1831–1869) |
17 December 1862 | 19 October 1863 | 306 days | Conservative Party | Also appointed governor of the Anahuacian territories by Riamese occupation forces. | |
27 | Rogelio Alarcón (1821–1875) |
1 November 1863 | 20 March 1865 | 1 year, 139 days | Conservative Party | Reformed the relations between the Catholic Church and the government. Named godfather of Cristobal's second son. | |
28 | Dédalo Esparza (1830–1866) |
21 March 1865 | 19 December 1865 | 273 days | Conservative Party | Took office after Alarcón's dismissal by the Imperial Courts. Resigned due to illness, dying the following month. | |
29 | Vicente Jaumave (1805–1869) |
20 December 1865 | 19 December 1868 | 2 years, 365 days | Conservative Party | As Minister of Governance, he became interim minister after the resignation of Esparza. Declared constitutional minister on March 1866. During his tenure, the 20,000 League Voyage (and by extension, the Great Anahuacian Co-Prosperity Zone) was issued. | |
30 | Gregorio Atenógenes (1831–1869) |
20 December 1868 | 19 June 1869 | 211 days | Conservative Party | Took ofice on the personal request of Cristobal. Executed by Republican forces for his role in commandering the Imperial Army and Riamese occupation forces. |
Restored Republic (1869-1876)
Lenociato (1876-1911)
Revolution (1911-1928)
Third Republic (1928-1934)
Modern Anahuac (1934-present)