Great War (Kylaris)

The Great War
(clockwise from top) Swetanian soldiers advancing through [TBD] Estmerish planes on a patrol run A Gaullican tank in occupied Catherby Etrurian troops in Badawiya Weranian soldiers during the Battle of TBD The destruction of the TBD ship Senrian soldiers during the First Battle of Ukyou Ajahadyan soldiers at the Battle of Khatan Pass Narozalican cavalry forces marching through [TBD] A Mariranan mortar position near [TBD]
Date 2 February 1927 (1927-02-02) – 12 February 1935 (1935-02-12) (8 years and 10 days) Peace treaties tbd euclean treaty or treaties Signed Month XX, 193X (put age here once we have a date) Treaty of Keisi Signed April 23, 1935 (8 years, 2 months and 21 days) tbd other coian treaty or treaties Signed Month XX, 193X (put age here once we have a date) tbd asterian treaty or treaties Signed Month XX, 193X (put age here once we have a date) Location Kylaris Result Grand Alliance victory Collapse of Functionalist Gaullica Collapse of Sotirian Marirana Fall of the Xiaodongese Empire Creation of the Community of Nations Decline of imperialism Beginning of the Great Game (more...)
Belligerents
Grand Alliance Estmere Werania Etruria Narozalica Senria Nuxica Swetania (1931-1935) and others	Entente Gaullica Xiaodong Poliania Amathia Marirana Rajadom of Ajahadya Galenia (1928-1931) and others
Commanders and leaders
Main Alliance leaders H. H. Arterbury Edmund G. Norcross Leopold IV Fortunato Parlatore Vladislav Pudovkin Katurou Imahara Alaric Romagosa Heinrich Lewenthal	Main Entente leaders Rafael Duclerque Shanrong Ren Xilian Leopold I Kliment Boyadzhiev Ghenadie Isărescu Ottaviano Castello Shahu II

The Great War, sometimes known as the World War, was a global total war originating in Coius that lasted from February 2, 1927 to February 12, 1935. The vast majority of the countries in the world, including all of the world's great powers, ultimately joined the conflict, fighting in either the Grand Alliance or the Entente. Sometimes described as "the war to end all wars" due to its scale and devastation, the conflict led to the mobilization of [tbd] million military personnel, making it the largest war in Kylarite history, and saw its major participants throw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort. The Great War was also one of the deadliest conflicts in Kylarite history, with an estimated [tbd] million combatants and [tbd] million civilians killed during or as a direct result of the war. The war was marked by the introduction of mechanized armies, the development of chemical weaponry, the first usage of large-scale air combat (including the widespread use of strategic bombing), mass starvation and population displacement, and large-scale atrocities such as the Senrian Genocide.

The immediate cause of the Great War was the military repatriation of Sakata from Xiaodong by Senria on November 17, 1926, known as the Second Sakata Incident. Senria refused demands from Xiaodong to return the city to Xiaodongese control; in order to bolster their positions, Senria and Xiaodong brought their allies of Estmere and Gaullica, respectively, into the dispute. An interlocking web of alliances within Euclea - where tensions were already high following the Hennehouwe Crisis - subsequently turned the dispute into a worldwide crisis. By the start of 1927, Euclea and Coius were divided into two main coalitions, the Grand Alliance - consisting of Estmere, Werania, Etruria, Narozalica, and Senria - and the Entente - consisting of Gaullica, Poliania, Amathia, and Xiaodong. As countries moved towards a war footing and began to mobilize, the crisis escalated rapidly, eventually breaking into outright war with the Xiaodongese invasion of Senria, and Xiaodong's and Gaullica's formal declaration of war against Senria, on February 2, 1927. This, in turn, brought the rest of their allies into the conflict.

The conflict expanded into the Asterias with [something involving marirana, satucin, aucuria and nuvania at the minimum] [course of the war worldwide; entente victories mostly from 27 to 30, estmere's collapse]

[the tides turn in 30-31 or 31-32, with swetania joining, senria pushing back, etc.; from 31 on it's the alliance doing the pushing; they win in euclea and the asterias, then force senria to end its war with xiao] The war ended as a conclusive victory for the Grand Alliance over the Entente, with the former largely being able to impose terms upon the latter in the subsequent peace treaties.

The Great War was a significant turning point in the political, economic, cultural, and social climate of the Kylaris. It is considered the end of the tbd 1800s-1920s historiographic period; its end, meanwhile, is held to mark the start of the Great Game and of decolonization in Kylaris. The end of the war saw numerous political and territorial changes, including the collapse of Functionalist Gaullica, Sotirian Marirana, and the Xiaodongese Empire; the devastation of the conflict also led to the collapse of the Kingdom of Estmere shortly after the war's end. Meanwhile, Asteria saw the dominance of nations such as Nuxica and to a lesser extent Halland after the collapse of the Gaullican Empire and Senria emerged as the foremost power in southern Coius after centuries of Xiaodongese preeminence. In spite of the creation of the Community of Nations in order to prevent future conflict, rifts between the Euclean Allies would lead to the Solarian War only a decade later.

Background

Political and military alliances

Estmerish Prime Minister H. H. Arterbury consistently worked to undermine Gaullican authority despite attempts to cool tensions

In the lead up to the Great War, the Euclean powers attempted to maintain a balance of powers. The five leading Euclean powers were Gaullica, Estmere, Werania, Etruria, and Narozalica, with all but the latter being among the foremost global powers. Among these states emerged a complicated network of alliances, between these powers and other states, most often in Euclea. The balance was threatened by Gaullican attempts to establish a global hegemony, the rising tensions between Senria and Xiaodong, and the collapse of the global economic system.

After losing its historical ally Narozalica in the 19th century, Gaullica began to shift its focus to its colonies. It established a colonial hegemony over Bahia and had significant influence in the Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire. Gaullican holdings in Asteria Superior and Inferior allowed it influence political and economic developments across the Vehemens. Tensions with other Euclean nations continued to rise over colonial disputes, with several conflicts erupting over colonial boundaries. Gaullica's status as the leader in global trade was solidified by its large colonial empire. After the collapse of its other main Euclean ally Sunrosia, Gaullica continued to further its colonial agenda during the 1920s. This led Estmere and Etruria to rapprochement, which was facilitated by Werania. In 1923, the three nations established the Tripartite Agreement, an anti-Gaullican defensive alliance. While Narozalica did not officially join the alliance, it maintained close ties with the signatory powers.

• Tensions exasperated by Senria-Xiaodong and how that impacted the alliance webs

As the threat of war between Senria and Xiaodong loomed, Estmere, Etruria, Gaullica and Werania signed the Four Powers Agreement in 1925. The purpose of the agreement was to prevent armed conflict between the the Tripartite nations and the Gaullican Empire. Estmere was still recovering from the Airdale War and was skeptical of a war with Gaullica prior to 1930, viewing such a conflict as inevitable. The Four Powers Agreement aimed to reduce competition between Gaullica and its Euclean rivals. The nations agreed to limit their involvement in disputes between Senria and Xiaodong and to officially drop all conflicting colonial claims in Coius. However, the agreement was never fully implemented and the Estmerish and Gaullican governments continued to interfere in Coius. Estmere withdrew from the Four Powers Agreement in 1926 after Gaullica annexed Kesselbourg and southern Hennehouwe. While war was avoided, it was the first significant act of aggression by Gaullica in Euclea since the agreement was signed. Etruria and Werania also withdrew from the agreement.

Euclean arms race

• everyone, build boats
• !Washington Agreement limits the capacity for the Four Powers
• most everyone ignores it

Political unrest and economic downturn

Main article: Great Collapse

Conflicts in Coius

Main articles: First Sakata Incident and Senrian Revolution

The increased pressure of Euclean imperialism, and the unpopularity of the concessions forced by Euclean powers on Senria and Xiaodong during the mid-1800s, had led to the Baiqiao Revolution in Xiaodong in 1856 and the Keiou Restoration in Senria in 1869. The Baiqiao Revolution and Keiou Restoration saw both Xiaodong and Senria come under absolutist or quasi-absolutist monarchies and initiate substantial modernizing reforms. In Xiaodong, the revolution - against the ethnically Senrian Toki dynasty - was accompanied by a sharp rise in anti-Senrian sentiment. Xiaodong's military and economy modernized substantially as a result of the Zhengfeng reforms undertaken by the Xiyong Emperor; while Senria made progress under the Dragon King Keiou, it was not as fast as Xiaodong's, and these efforts stalled after his death.

Xiaodongese troops landing near Sakata during the First Sakata Incident.

Unable to overturn Euclean concessions in Xiaodong, but nonetheless seeking a victory to underscore the country's growing power and hoping to exploit domestic anti-Senrian sentiment, Xiaodong provoked the First Sakata Incident in 1909. The Xiaodongese landed troops near the Senrian city of Sakata, capturing the city, simultaneously sending the country's navy to blockade Keisi. The Xiaodongese government then demanded that Senria offer Sakata to Xiaodong as a concession; Senria, unable to effectively respond due to its stalled modernization, was forced to concede. The incident provoked outrage in Senria, sparking the 1909 Concession Riots; this, combined with frustration over the lack of power accorded to Senria's Consultative Assembly and, later, the turmoil of the Great Collapse, resulted in a sharp uptick in support for republicanism within Senria; several republican groups united to form the Kyouwakai, under the leadership of Ryuunosuke Miyamoto, in 1910.

The Senrian Revolution began in April 1918 following the massacre of republican protesters by soldiers and police in Keisi. The Kyouwakai established a rival republican government, led by Miyamoto as Speaker, in the city of Ukyou. This republican government was able to seize control of much of Tousuu, Gyousuu, and Yuusuu, with the government retaining control over Senria's main island, Kousuu. Republican forces initially struggled to beat their imperial counterparts, who were better-trained, better-equipped, and better-led; they were able to prevent any substantial imperial advances, however, due to substantial aid from Estmere, which saw the conflict as an opportunity to gain influence in southern Coius. Estmerish support for the republicans, in turn, led to Gaullican support for the Senrian Empire, turning the conflict into a proxy war.

The tide of the conflict began to turn with the assassination of Dragon King Tenmei in 1919. Tenmei's son Souhou squandered the advantages held by the imperial army by interfering in its operations, recalling large numbers of troops from the front to guard Keisi, and ordering those troops who remained on the front into battles they could not win. This happened in spite of Miyamoto's retirement and subsequent death, and a rift between Miyamoto's successor, Isao Isiyama, and Isiyama's rival Yosito Otuzi. The imperial position became wholly untenable with the 1925 Great Kinkeidou Earthquake, which destroyed what public backing the monarchy had retained. In 1922, as the tide of the war turned, Gaullica - fearing the growth in Estmerish influence of a republican victory - asked Xiaodong to lease a section of Sakata for use as a Gaullican coaling station; Xiaodong assented, giving Gaullica a fifty-year lease to a section of Sakata's harbor.

Frustrated with Souhou's mismanagement of the war effort, and aware that a republican victory was now imminent, a group of imperial generals and admirals known as the First Gang of Six and led by Katurou Imahara, launched a military coup d'etat known as the Reaping in January 1926; forces under Imahara's command captured the Dragon King and forced his abdication. Immediately following the Reaping, Isiyama and Imahara agreed to a cessation of hostilities; shortly thereafter, the two agreed to a power-sharing agreement which entailed the creation of a Council of the Senrian State filled evenly with allies of Isiyama and Imahara. This government remained heavily aligned towards Estmere, in part due to the Gaullican naval presence in the Sakata concession, and Senrian-Xiaodongese relations increasingly become a proxy for Estmerish-Gaullican relations as a result.

[Ajahadya as an Afghan-esque buffer between Etrurian Satria and Sangte, occasional wars by both in 1800s; Raja Shahu II coups pro-Etruria elder brother Kaval I in 1903 with Gaullican support, crisis averted after Shahu II promises to respect and maintain Etrurian commercial interests in Ajahadya in addition to concessions made to Gaullica; growth of anti-colonial Azad Fauj movement both within Aja, colonial Satria and Satrian circles in Euclean universities.]

Prelude

Hennehouwe Crisis

Main article: Hennehouwe Crisis

Hennish refugees in Ashcombe, 1927.

The functionalist government of Gaullica used revanchist rhetoric as a means of building and consolidating support among the Gaullican public. Gaullica became more aggressive in Europe. In September 1926, it annexed Kesselbourg and provoked little response from other Euclean powers. Members of the Tripartite Agreement were reluctant to escalate tensions over the small principality. Encouraged by the lack of response, Duclerque began to press Gaullican claims to the ethnically Petois regions in the south of Hennehouwe. Despite requests from the Hennish government, Arterbury declined to defend Hennehouwe in the event of a Gaullican occupation of the Petois regions. He would only commit Estmere to war if all of Hennehouwe was annexed, as it would violate the Congress of Torrazza, which establish Hennish independence. Estmere was not prepared for a war with Gaullica in 1926 and despite his own maneuvering, Arterbury hoped to avoid conflict until 1930. Gaullica annexed southern Hennehouwe in December 1926 with little resistance. Fighting lasted for just two days before the Hennish forces were overrun. Estmere issued a diplomatic protest, warning Ducluerque that he was still bound to the terms of the Congress of Torrazza. After brief negotiations between Estmerish and Gaullican diplomats, Ducluerque promised that no additional territorial demands would be made. A new independent government led by functionalists and Gaullican sympathizers was installed by the Gaullicans in order to uphold the terms of Torrazza. The Hennish government fled s'Holle for the northern counties, bringing the country's gold reserves with them. Later, the government went into exile in Ashcombe after fleeing north into Estmere in January 1927.

Gaullica's annexation of the Petois regions was met with diplomatic resistance by Estmere and the other anti-Gaullican powers. Estmere withdrew from the Four Powers Agreement in protest. Ducluerque was irritated by Estmerish interference in Hennehouwe and felt betrayed by Arterbury's decision to pull out of the Four Powers Agreement after Gaullica promised it would not annex any additional Hennish territory.The Etrurian and Weranian governments also ended their participation in the agreement and Narozalica joined the anti-Gaullican Tripartite Agreement. The collapse of the Four Power Agreement left Gaullica isolated among the main Euclean powers.

The Hennehouwe Crisis had a lasting impact on the Hennish population. The Gaullican occupation in south of the country was brutal. Atrocities were committed against ethnic Hennish and many became displaced after being forced out of their homes. Thousands of Hennish refugees crossed the border and fled to neighboring Estmere. The Estmerish press was outraged by Gaullican treatment of the Hennish and anti-Gaullican sentiments rose significantly.

Second Sakata Incident

Following the end of the Senrian Revolution, the Republic of Senria had been governed by a body known as the Council of the Senrian State, established as a compromise between revolutionary leader Isao Isiyama and General Katurou Imahara. This body was divided evenly between members of Isiyama's Kyouwakai and Imahara's Aikokutou as a power-sharing agreement between the two men; most administrative bodies and local authorities established by the Council had a similar even split, due to politicking between the Kyouwakai and Aikokutou at the national level. These ideological divisions quickly became a serious obstacle for the government, which often found itself paralyzed along party lines on even basic issues. As a result, the government became impotent, and public faith in the young republic began to fall.

In late July 1926, Senrian intelligence forces loyal to Isiyama obtained a Xiaodongese military report which stated that the Xiaodongese regime did not consider the Senrian republic to be a threat, and there was only a skeletal military presence in Sakata as a result, with the city's defense largely handled by the mostly-Senrian municipal police force. Isiyama relayed this information to the other members of the Council, including Imahara. Imahara proposed that Senria launch an operation, under his command, to reclaim the city as a means to restore popular support; Isiyama agreed, on the condition that he or another member of the Kyouwakai would be the one to publicly announce the operation if it succeeded, a demand to which Imahara assented. While there were concerns raised about how Gaullica, which had been leased a part of Sakata harbor by Xiaodong, might react, the Council came to the conclusion that Gaullica would most likely move its naval assets to nearby Jindao rather than further escalate the situation.

Senrian troops during the Second Sakata Incident.

The operation was launched in the pre-dawn hours of November 17, 1926, following several weeks of clandestine troop movements; Senrian forces entered Xiaodongese-controlled territory at 7:22 AM. News of Senrian troops entering Sakata spread quickly among the city's population; as Senrian troops entered the city proper, they were met by crowds of local civilians waving makeshift Senrian flags and assisted by the municipal police. The Xiaodongese garrison in the city attempted to respond, but was vastly outnumbered, and surrendered at 11:12 AM.

Isiyama announced the repatriation of Sakata that afternoon, and proclaimed both the concession of Sakata to Xiaodong and the harbor lease provided to Gaullica null and void, demanding that Gaullican forces vacate the city. [gaullica refuses; senria seizes the base on december 2; senria calls in estmere, negotiations are tried; negotiations break down as gaullica and xiaodong leave, putting the world on the warpath]

Combatants

Grand Alliance

• Aucurian Republic (1928)
  • National Redoubt Government (1928-1934)
• Azmara (1933-1935)
• Amathian Resistance (1932-1935)
  • National Alliance for the Restoration of Democracy
  • Revolutionary Equalist Front
• Celestial Isles (1929-1935)
• Eldmark
• Kingdom of Estmere
  • Buckland
• Etruria (1928-1935)
  • Pardaran
• Gaullican Resistance (1929-1935)
  • Gaullican Free Army
  • Gaullican DR
• Hennehouwe
• Maracao
• Narozalica
  • Chervolesia
• Nuxica
• Senria
  • Senrian Resistance (1927-1932)
• Swetania (1931-1935)
• Tinza (1933-1935)
  • Tinzan Resistance (1927-1933)
• Valentir (1932-1935)
• Werania

Entente

• Rajadom of Ajahadya
• Amurgist Amathia
• Second Aucurian State (1928-1934)
• Azmara (1927-1932)
• Gaullica
  • Empire of Beheira
  • Gaullican Bahia
  • Satucin
  • Sanslumière
• Sotirian State of Marirana
• Nuvania
• Ostric Republic (Alleged; 1930-1931)
• Piraea
• Poliania
• Varienland
• Xiaodong
  • Collaborationist Senria (1927-1932)
  • Tinza (Disputed; 1927-1933)
• Galenia (1928-1931)
  • Galetian Republican Army

Progress of the war

Euclean Theatre

Northern Euclean Front

Azmaran Realignment and General Strike
23 February 1932: Miners in Kyningsmer, Ostlaak go on strike over overworking and bread rationing, put down harshly by government.
1 March 1932: Armament factory workers in Aalmsted strike over similar issues, similarly put down harshly.
5 March 1932: Labour unions, socialist parties and liberal opposition agree on collective action against pro-Entente government.
7-28 March 1932: Industrial workers across the country, from Ostlaak miners to Heuthenberg dockworkers, go on strike and bring industry to a halt, rendering the Azmaran war machine unusable.
29 March 1932: Prime Minister and President both resign from their positions as government MPs defect and defeat the government in a no-confidence motion.
31 March 1932: A transitional coalition of social democrats/Sotirian socialists, council communists, liberals and moderate conservatives comes to power and sues for peace.
27 November 1932: After a period of internal restructuring, reform and new elections, Azmara re-enters the war as part of the Grand Alliance.

Coian theatre

Xiaodongese troops marching through Sakata.

Southern Coian Front

February 2, 1927: Xiaodongese forces land at Sakata, Oue, Urasoe, and Mutumura in a large-scale assault on Senria (and, alongside Gaullican forces, launch an attack on the Far Isotamas in the hopes of crippling any Estmerish response); Senria assumed that any assault would be much smaller, and was vastly overconfident in the ability of terrain to slow a Xiaodongese assault, and ends up in a full-scale retreat; Estmere holds on longer but eventually is pushed out of the Isotamas

March '27: Xiaodong sets up a collaborationist regime in Senria (a senrian prince tries to convince them to let him head it, but they instead pick ex-republican yosito otuzi); the Senrian response remains in deep sh!t because units and officials loyal to Imahara and Isiyama are reticent to cooperate with each other, and the gov't remains gridlocked

Late May/very early June '27: the offensive beginning to slow, Xiao tries to get the front moving again by launching new amphibious assaults on Kurosawa and Kunigami prefectures; the assault on Kunigami freaks Senria the f*ck out because that's only a few short mountain passes away from Keisi, so they're forced to shift resources from Tousuu to Kousuu lest the capital fall

June 10, 1927: with widespread panic and the fall of Senria seemingly imminent, the Council of the Senrian State approves the creation of a "Government of National Preservation", giving Imahara absolute power and relegating Kyouwakai politicians to subsidiary, ministerial, or advisory positions; Imahara coins the term "total war" and unveils his three-point plan

By December 1927: on Tousuu, only parts of Hisakawa and Ukyou remain under Senrian control; Xiaodongese forces on Kousuu begin to push into Iwase prefecture

July-August 1928: Ukyou and Hisakawa fall to Xiaodongese forces; Tousuu is entirely under Xiaodongese control. On Kousuu, Xiaodongese troops push into Koriyama, Hanae, and Ueda prefectures.

By January 1929: Xiaodong controls all of Tousuu, plus part or all of Kunigami, Ueda, Itihara, Simomoto, Koriyama, Iwase, hanae, and Kurosawa prefectures. The front is held to have stagnated by this point, however, as Xiao forces prove unable to take the city of Ueda and to keep the city of Itihara.

During 1929: the Senrian Resistance, with the backing of the Senrian gov't, begins to properly organize into decentralized, larger-scale, well-armed clandestine cells. Senria's terrain now comes in handy, as guerrillas use the rough terrain as a refuge and as a way to capture Xiao convoys in narrow mountain passes.

September to December 1929: First major Senrian offensive. Senria removes the Xiao presence in Kunigawa prefecture (uncovering its first evidence of the Senrian Genocide) and pushes the other Xiaodongese forces in Kousuu back to Koriyama pref. and Sugisima island (part of Kurosawa pref.), also reestablishing a foothold in Tousuu by seizing part of Aisi prefecture.

January to June 1930: Xiao forces launch their second major offensive; guerrilla issues make this one far less effective than the first. Xiaodong pushes, to some effect in the south, but is unable to take Iwase, or Itihara, or Ueda. At the end of this offensive, Xiaodongese generals agree to focus on stamping out resistance and preparing for an April-May 1931 offensive; Senria uses the opportunity to focus on building up militarily, with particular emphasis on the Senrian navy.

Senrian guerrillas during the Ukyou Uprising.

February 1931-March 1932: Ukyou Uprising. Senrian Resistance forces in several prefectures launch a massive joint assault aimed at liberating the city of Ukyou, and for a time succeed vastly as Xiao loses a major general and is caught wholly off-guard; Imahara sends guns and supplies but, controversially, doesn't try to push to meet up with these forces, instead opting for some minor distraction operations in Koriyama and Aisi prefs.; the rebellion is eventually brutally and slowly crushed, with the city destroyed and its population massacred, a pyrrhic victory for Xiaodong.

March 1932-May 1932: with Xiaodongese forces tired, worn down by guerrillas, and cut off from reinforcements and supplies by Senrian sea victories, Senria launches a massive offensive, retaking more and more and more of Tousuu and the Isotamas. On June 10, Senria launches an offense to retake Sakata, the last part of Senria under Xiaodongese control; Xiaodong, desperate, traps civilians in the suburbs as human shields and then *lights the suburbs on fire*, one final massacre of Senrian civilians

June 16, 1932: Senrian forces liberate Sakata. Xiaodong has been fully driven from Senria.

June 1932-May 1933: Senria subjects Xiaodong to a naval blockade and aerial bombardment for months on end, showing no distinction between military and civilian targets, preparing for its invasion of Xiaodong.

May 1933: Senria invades Xiaodong and Gaullican Jindao.

October 1934: Senria hits its high-water point in Xiaodong; from here on the front stagnates.

Late January-Early February 1935: Senria remains dead-set on obtaining the total and unmitigated surrender of Xiaodong, but its Euclean allies- sick of the war- force it to offer a more conditional surrender/cessation of hostilities to Xiaodong. Xiaodong, devasted, accepts. The first, and last, front of the Great War ends.

Satrian Front

March 1927: Siege of Tchandipour

July 1928: Entry of Ajahadya into war, formation of the Azad Fauj in Ajahadya from Satrians living in Gaullica/Sangte + PoWs + pre-war independence, arrival of first Xiaodongese forces on the frontline and arrival of Gaullican forces and officers from Sangte assume command over the Raja’s army

August 1928: Grand Offensive into Subarna by Xiao/Aja/Gaullican forces, initial gains are massively amplified as Estmerish troops rapidly withdrawn to defend the homeland and uprisings from the AF draw forces away from the frontlines across Satria, mass desertions from colonial conscripts bolster the AF’s numbers along with vast quantities of captured weaponry

September 1928: Grand Offensive ends with withdrawal of ‘spearheads’ of Xiaodongese troops to fight on the Senrian Front in anticipation of a planned offensive in 1929, advisors and some second-line Xiaodongese units remain as occupation forces.

November 1928: Etrurian-Estmerish counter-offensive reverses many of the gains achieved in the Grand Offensive, many AF units encircled in pockets behind enemy lines, resort to guerilla warfare

January 1929: Winter Offensive into Subarna, commanded by Gaullican forces, makes limited gains but leaves the Satrian front in a precarious position for Estmere and Etruria

Spring 1929: Gradual withdrawal of Estmerish forces to defend the homeland results in rapid collapse of the front in Satria

Summer 1929: Etrurian forces + Free Estmerish forces stall any further offensive gains, front line stabilises

Winter 1929: Consolidation of forces, probing attacks, last front-line Xiaodongese forces recalled, only garrison troops and advisors remain

Spring 1930: Yearly spring offensive begins, makes some gains into (former) Mathra, unable to push deeper into Etrurian Satria owing to withdrawal of last Gaullican troops, high-water mark of the front line’s advance

Rest of Year 1930: Minimal front-line movement, start of high command disputes between AF and the Raja over the course of action to be taken

Summer 1931: Etrurian offensive to liberate Satria makes brief gains, stalls in the jungle

Winter 1931: Xiao garrison forces and advisors withdrawn to fight in Senria, AF and Raja left to own devices

Spring 1932: Cooperation between AF and Raja starts to break down over differences in preferred courses of action

Summer 1932: Several aborted offensives by both the AF and Raja launched without coordination, easily halted by Etrurians. Occasional fighting between the AF and the Raja’s forces breaks out, but military discipline is maintained and it remains extremely isolated

Autumn 1932: Large-scale Etrurian counter-attack forces AF and Raja to cooperate once again out of desperation, barely halted. Supply line of arms from Xiao ends, forced to use scavenged/captured enemy weaponry + limited domestic production

Summer 1933: Final combined counter-attack by AF and Raja, plan is a compromise that neither is happy with, reverts gains of counter-offensive, halted by monsoon rains. Both sides blame each other for failure of operation

Autumn 1933: All cooperation between AF and Raja’s forces cease, undertake separate defensive planning. Guerilla forces in Etrurian rear areas prevent an offensive until 1934, giving the FHA and Raja’s forces time to recover and re-arm

Spring 1934: Raja gambles everything on a last desperate offensive to reverse the course of the war. Etrurians halt offensive, AF opportunistic follow-up poorly planned and led, also halted

Summer 1934: Etrurian counter-attack throws Raja and AF out of former Mathra completely but for guerilla forces. Civil war between Raja and AF breaks out

Autumn 1934: Etrurian forces reclaim Subarna, attempted offensive into Aja proper stalls

Winter 1934: Raja secretly enters into negotiations for peace terms with Etruria

Spring 1935: Raja signs Peace of Vadavarja, agrees to unconditional surrender to Etruria. Terms never enacted, army mutinies on hearing of signing, Raja and family executed, Aja enters civil war. War de facto over, Ajan factions remain a continual problem for Satrian colonies, launching cross-border raids and funding/supplying post-war nationalist groups + holdout guerilla groups

Asterian theatre

Main article: Asterian Theatre

Asteria Superior Front

-1927 Marirana, with Entente blessing and assistance, declares war on Eldmark. It gives assurances to Nuxica that it only intends to reclaim a small amount of lost territory, peace in our time?
-1928 Eldmark suffers badly in the war, holding out only in a few states. Volunteerism from Nuxica, and aid from the GA, allow it a few victories
-1929 Marirana, occupying most of Eldmark and confident of non-interference, declares war on Moreira. Nuxica, Chervolesia, and Lorcania deliver Marirana an ultimatum to withdraw from both countries. Marirana is given assurances of Entente assistance, and refuses.
-1930 Aftera build-up of Entente forces, Marirana launches an invasion of Nuxica. The invasion is successful, able to encircle and destroy numerous Nuxican divisions. Eldmark is able to stave off defeat, and uses the absence of Mariranan reinforcements to reclaim some lost territory.
-1931 The height of Entente control of Asteria is reached in this year. Entente forces capture Nuxica's capital temporarily (?), but are soon forced to withdraw. War reaches Chervolesia's borders as Moreira is near fully occupied
-1932 Entente offensives begin to decline, as aid and materiel from Gaullica begins to dry up. The GA reclaims some territory, and Chervolesia pushes into Moreira.
-1933 The Entente ends its strategy of offence and attempts to construct a defensive line. The GA break through the line and begin rapidly retaking land as the Mariranan army begins to crumble.
-Early 1934 The GA breaches the second defensive line and begins advancing into Marirana. Moreira and Eldmark are largely liberated in this period -Late 1934 The Mariranan state and army collapses as the GA rapidly press on. Marirana surrenders, and Gaullica's surrender ends the war.

Asteria Inferior Front

-(1927?) Outbreak of war in Euclea sees Vilca declare war on Satucin, intent on reclaiming lost land. A secret alliance between Satucin and Nuvania sees it unexpectedly face war on two fronts, and it is swiftly occupied
-1929 Suspicions of Belmontese assistance to the GA and intentions to join the war are confirmed, the Entente declares war and invades the country, occupying most of it
-Early 1934 Nuvania reaches an agreement with the GA to exit the war. The areas it garrisons are occupied by Satucin.
-Late 1934 Satucin abandons Belmonte and most of Vilca after losing territory to invasions and uprisings, and facing an invasion at home. Chervolesia leads naval operations in the Arucian. Plans for an invasion of Satucin are scrapped after Gaullica surrenders.

The War At Sea

Honghai Sea, Bay of Bashurat and Coral Sea

February 1927-September 1931: Senria actively avoids naval engagement wherever possible, focusing only on defending its core inland seas, and does okay at best when it has to engage navally. Most naval combat is likely Gaullican-Estmerish or Gaullican-Etrurian?

A sinking Xiaodongese destroyer seen from the periscope of a Senrian submarine during the Battle of tbd rename Strait.

October to December 1931: Senria's new modern navy is sent out to challenge Xiaodong, and scores a string of victories. In December 1931, Xiaodong- now seriously struggling to supply its troops in Senria, between the naval issues and the guerrillas- opts on an "all or nothing" gamble, a massive convoy fleet guarded by almost all of the Xiaodongese navy; two Senrian fleets catch the Xiao fleet in transit and score a devastating strategic victory, sinking or capturing every enemy vessel involved in the battle.

December 1931-Feburary 1935: Rule Senria, Senria rules the waves

Lumine Ocean

Men of the 2nd Battalion, Saque Rifles, pose for a photograph with a Nuxican flag taken as a souvenir, March 1930

Aftermath

[peace treaties, decolonization, related subsequent conflicts go here]

Impact

War crimes and genocide

The corpses of Senrian civilians killed by Xiaodongese forces as part of the Senrian Genocide.

Propaganda

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  United, an iconic late Grand Alliance propaganda piece

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  Stop the Spread, an Asterian Alliance propaganda piece

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  A famous Senrian propaganda poster, commonly known as the Samurai

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  All Senria United for Victory, a 1928 Senrian poster.

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  Senria - first to fight!, a Weranian-made Alliance poster

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  On Our Side - the Senrian Soldier, an Estmerish-language Alliance poster.

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  Les Chiennois, a poster encouraging Bahians to revolt against colonial rule

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  Destroy the Barbarians, a Xiaodongese poster made during Operation Grey Viper.

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  To Freedom, a poster produced by Aucuria's National Redoubt Government.