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=Adjectives=
Adjectives are also gendered, and come in the 5 cases, but they are more consistent compared to nouns.
{| class="wikitable"{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2";bgcolor=#EAECF0|Common Translation
! bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative_case Nom.]
! bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusative_case Acc.]
! bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetive_case Gen.]
! bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case Loc.]
! bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocative_case Voc.]
|-
! style="align: center; background: #A3B6BF;" colspan="7" | Masculine - all
|-
| style="align: center; background:#EAECF0;" rowspan="4"| '''Strong'''
| bgcolor=#EAECF0| Sin.
| bgcolor=#F5F5F5| СадӀан<br><br>Sadhan
| СадӀан'''ан'''<br><br>Sadhan'''an
| СадӀан'''''о''н'''<br><br>Sadhan'''''o''n
| СадӀан'''ме'''<br><br>Sadha'''me
| ''СадӀан'''е!'''''<br><br>''Sađan'''e!'''
|-
| bgcolor=#EAECF0| Plr.
| bgcolor=#F5F5F5| СадӀан'''аь'''<br><br>Sadhan'''aj'''
| СадӀан''''еь''<br><br>Sadhan'''ej'''
| СадӀан'''''о''ь'''<br><br>Sadhan'''''o''j'''
| СадӀан'''меь'''<br><br>Sadhan'''mej'''
| ''СадӀан'''аь!'''''<br><br>''Sadhan'''aj!'''''
|-
| bgcolor=#EAECF0| Sin.Def.
| bgcolor=#F5F5F5| СадӀан'''те'''<br><br>Sadhan'''te
| СадӀан'''тан'''<br><br>Sadhan'''tan
| СадӀан'''т''о''н'''<br><br>Sadhan'''t''o''n
| СадӀан'''тме'''<br><br>Sadhan'''tme
| Ø
|-
| bgcolor=#EAECF0|Plr.Def.
| bgcolor=#F5F5F5| СадӀан'''тиь'''<br><br>Sadhan'''tij'''
| СадӀан'''теь'''<br><br>Sadhan'''tej'''
| СадӀан'''т''о''ь'''<br><br>Sadhan'''t''o''j
| СадӀан'''тмеь'''<br><br>Sadhan'''tmej
| Ø
|-
! style="align: center; background: #A3B6BF;" colspan="7" | Feminine - all
|-
| style="align: center; background:#EAECF0;" rowspan="4"| '''Beatufull'''
| bgcolor=#EAECF0| Sin.
| bgcolor=#F5F5F5| Вэ́ле<br><br>Völe
| Вэ́ле'''н'''<br><br>Völe'''n
| Вэ́ле'''но'''<br><br>Völe'''no
| Вэ́ле'''ме'''<br><br>Völe'''me
| ''Вэ́ле'''о!'''''<br><br>''Völ'''o!'''''
|-
| bgcolor=#EAECF0| Plr.
| bgcolor=#F5F5F5| Вэ́л'''ье'''<br><br>Völ'''je'''
| Вэ́л'''ьеь'''<br><br>Völ'''jej
| Вэ́л'''ьено'''<br><br>Völ'''jeno
| Вэ́л'''ьемы'''<br><br>Völ'''jemy
| ''Вэ́л'''ье'''<br><br>''''Völ'''je'''''
|-
| bgcolor=#EAECF0| Sin.Def.
| bgcolor=#F5F5F5| Вэ́ле'''т'''е<br><br>Völe'''t'''e
| Вэ́ле'''т'''е'''н'''<br><br>Völe'''t'''e'''n'''
| Вэ́ле'''тно'''<br><br>Völe'''tno
| Вэ́ле'''тме'''<br><br>Völe'''tme
| Ø
|-
| bgcolor=#EAECF0|Plr.Def.
| bgcolor=#F5F5F5| Вэ́ле'''тье'''<br><br>Völ'''tje'''
| Вэ́ле'''тьеь'''<br><br>Völ'''tjej'''
| Вэ́ле'''тьено'''<br><br>Völ'''tjeno'''
| Вэ́ле'''тьемы'''<br><br>Völ'''tjemy'''
| Ø
|-
|}


Qazhshavan uses {{wp|Comparison (grammar)| Comparison}} forms of Adjectives:
Qazhshavan uses {{wp|Comparison (grammar)|Comparison}} forms of Adjectives:


* '''Positive''' - Bassic form of the word- ''happy'' - {{color|#1034A6|''šasin / шасин''}}[[File:Speaker Icon.svg|13px|link=http://ipa-reader.xyz/?text=%CA%83a.sin&voice=Tatyana]]
* '''Positive''' - Bassic form of the word- ''happy'' - {{color|#1034A6|''шасив / şasiv''}}
* '''Negative''' - Negation of the word - '''''un'''happy'' -  {{color|#1034A6|'''''ni'''šasin'' / '''''ни'''шасин''}}[[File:Speaker Icon.svg|13px|link=http://ipa-reader.xyz/?text=ni.%CA%83a.sin&voice=Tatyana]]
* '''Negative''' - Negation of the word - '''''un'''happy'' -  {{color|#1034A6|'''''нө'''шасив'' / ''''''''şasiv''}}
* '''Comparitive''' - Form for comparison relative to something - ''happ'''ier''''' -  {{color|#1034A6|'''''jan-'''šasin'' / '''''ьан-'''шасин''}}[[File:Speaker Icon.svg|13px|link=http://ipa-reader.xyz/?text=ni.%CA%83a.sin&voice=Tatyana]]
* '''Comparitive''' - Form for comparison relative to something - ''happ'''ier''''' -  {{color|#1034A6|'''''ю-'''шасив'' / '''''yu-'''şasiv''}}
* '''Superlative''' - Form showing absolute relative to a group - ''happ'''iest''''' -  {{color|#1034A6|'''''žen-'''šasin'' / '''''жен-'''шасин''}}[[File:Speaker Icon.svg|13px|link=http://ipa-reader.xyz/?text=ni.%CA%83a.sin&voice=Tatyana]]
* '''Superlative''' - Form showing absolute relative to a group - ''happ'''iest''''' -  {{color|#1034A6|'''''я-'''шасив'' / '''''ya-'''şasiv''}}
* '''Augmentative''' - Form showing absolute position without a relative - '''''ultimately''' happy'' - {{color|#1034A6|'''''žen-žen-'''šasin'' / '''''жен-жен-'''шасин''}}[[File:Speaker Icon.svg|13px|link=http://ipa-reader.xyz/?text=%CA%92%C9%9Bn%CB%88%CA%92%C9%9Bn.%CA%83a.sin&voice=Tatyana]]
* '''Augmentative''' - Form showing absolute position without a relative - '''''ultimately''' happy'' - {{color|#1034A6|'''''я-я-'''шасив'' / '''''ya-ya-'''şasiv''}}


=Verbs=
=Verbs=

Revision as of 15:45, 28 March 2021

Qazhshavan
Маръа Гел, Маръашла
Mar̈a Gel, Mar̈aşla
Pronunciation [ˈma.r̠̊a ɣɛl]
[ˈma.r̠̊a.ʃla̽]
Native toQazhshava
RegionSouthern Thuadia
Native speakers
85 million (2018)
Mokhaic
  • Qazhshavan
Early form
Middle Qazhshavan
Standard forms
Mezhian (Qazhshava)
Kental (Kentalis)
Dialects
  • Mezhian (Meadow)
  • Rishic
  • Zalic
  • Lhakian (Mountain)
  • Laurentine
  • Kental
Official status
Official language in
 Qazhshava
 Kentalis
Regulated byQazhshavan Council of Languages
Language codes
ISO 639-1qz
ISO 639-2qzs
ISO 639-3qzs
Glottologqazh1331[1]
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Qazhshavan (Qazhshavan: Маръа Гел, Mar̈a Gel [ˈma.r̠̊a ɣɛl] ; Маръашла, Mar̈aşla [ˈma.r̠̊a.ʃla̽] ) is a unique langauge spoken in Southern Thuadia, primarily in the Qazhshavan Federation and adjacent areas. It is the only major language in the Mokhaic language family, and the most spoken.

Basic information

Qazhshavan is an SVO language with a moderately complex syllable structure, it puts adjectives before nouns and has postpositions.

Writing system

Qazhshavan has 3 official writing systems, of which the Govoric one dominates, it also has an unnoficial verion of it's Latin alphabet which is used mainly by people outside of qazhshava or ones who aren't able to type the special characters. The Traditional Qazhshavan script is used mainly in official documents, not so much in the daily life, but it is kept allive. There is also a Protopolyash version used by people living in areas such as parts of Mustelaria in which the langauges use it.

Govoric alphabet:

А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ж ж З з И и
Й й К к Къ къ Л л Лъ лъ М м Н н О о Ө ө
П п Р р Ръ ръ С с Т т У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х
Хъ хъ Ц ц Дз дз Ч ч Дж.дж Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ь ь
Ꙑ ꙑ Ы ы Ю ю Я я Ԙ ԙ


Latin alphabet:

A a B b C c Ç ç D d Ḑ ḑ E e F f G g
H h Hh hh I i J j K k L l Ľ ľ M m N n
O o Ö ö P p Q q R r R̈ r̈ S s Ş ş T t
Ț ț U u V v W w X x Y y Ý ý Ÿ ÿ Z z


- version Govoric
version
Latin
version
Protopolyash
version
IPA
Symbol
Notes
Offical Unofficial
А а A a Ⲁ ⲁ /a~ɑ/
Б б B b ⲂⲂ ⲃⲃ /b/
В в V v Ⲃ ⲃ /v/
Г г G g Ⲅ ⲅ /ɣ/ It can get pronounced as /g/
in foreing word and/or when
its doubled or in a stressed
syllable
Д д D d Ⲇ ⲇ /d/
Е е E e Ⲉ ⲉ /ɛ/
Ж ж J j Ϧ ϧ /ʒ/
З з Z z Ⲍ ⲍ /z/
И и I i Ⲏ ⲏ /i~ɨ/ When its before a vowel
it gets pronounced as /ij/
Й й Y y Ⲓ ⲓ /j/ Used after vowels and as
first letter
К к K k Ⲕ ⲕ /k/
Къ къ Q q Ⲕⲋ ⲕⲋ /q/
Л л L l Ⲗ ⲗ /l/
Лъ лъ Ľ ľ Lh lh Ⲗⲋ ⲗⲋ /l̥~ɬ/
М м M m Ⲙ ⲙ /m/
Н н N n Ⲛ ⲛ /n/
О о O o Ⲟ ⲟ /ɔ/
Ө ө Ö ö Oe oe Ⲱ ⲱ /ø̞/
П п P p Ⲡ ⲡ /p/
Р р R r Ⲣ ⲣ /ɾ/
Ръ ръ R̈ r̈ Rh rh Ⳁ ⳁ /r̠̊/
С с S s Ⲥ ⲥ /s/
Т т T t Ⲧ ⲧ /t/
У у U u Ⲩ ⲩ /u~ʊ/ It gets pronounsed as
/wu~wʊ/ after a vowel
Ў ў W w Ⲯ ⲯ /w/
Ф ф F f Ⲫ ⲫ /f/
Х х H h Ⲭ ⲭ /x/
Хъ хъ Hh hh Ϥ ϥ /ħ/
Ц ц Ț ț Ts ts Ϯ ϯ /t͡s/
Дз дз Ḑ ḑ Dz dz ϮϮ ϯϯ /d͡z/
Ч ч Ç ç Ch ch Ϭ ϭ /t͡ʃ/
Дж дж C c Ϫ ϫ /d͡ʒ/
Ш ш Ş ş Sh sh Ϣ ϣ /ʃ/
Щ щ Şt şt Sht sht Ϣⲧ ϣⲧ //
Ъ ъ - Ⲋ ⲋ - Used as an add on character
in digraphs
Ь ь Y y Ⲓ ⲓ /◌ʲ/ Used only after consonants
Ꙑ ꙑ Ÿ ÿ Yh yh Ⳉ ⳉ /ɤ~ɯ/
Ы ы Ý ý Ϩ ϩ /i~ɨ/ Used only in foreign words
Ю ю Yu yu Ü ü * ⲒⲨ ⲓⲩ /ju/
Я я Ya ya Ä ä * ⲒⲀ ⲓⲁ /ja/
Ԙ ԙ Ye ye Ë ë * ⲒⲈ ⲓⲉ /jɛ~jæ̝̆ɛ/ Pronounciation varies
thourghout dialects
Кс кс X x
Ks ks
Ⲝ ⲝ /ju/ The latin 'X x' is used only in
foreign words

Orthography

wip

Phonology

Labial Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar
Palatal Velar Uvelar Epiglottal
Nasal m n
Plosive voiceless p t k q
voiced b d (ɡ)
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʃ
voiced d͡z d͡ʒ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ x ħ
voiced v z ʒ ɣ
Aproximant voiceless l̥~ɬ
voiced w l j
Tap & Trill voiceless r̠̊
voiced ɾ
Front Central Back
Close i~ɨ u~ʊ
ɤ~ɯ
Mid ø̞
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a~ɑ

Nouns

Gender and Vowel harmony

3 grammatical genders: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter The gender system in Qazhshavan resepmbles the one found in the Varnolan.

  • Maculine are all words ending in: Consonants (including semivowels ⟨ў/w⟩⟨й/y⟩ )
  • Feminine are all words ending in: ⟨a⟩ ⟨ꙑ/ÿ⟩ ⟨o⟩ (⟨я/ya⟩)
  • Neuter are all words ending in: ⟨и/i⟩ ⟨e⟩ ⟨ө/ö⟩ ⟨y/u⟩ ⟨ы/ý⟩ (⟨ю/yu⟩)

(note: Masculine words still can follow feminine vowel harmony depending on the last vowel)

simple harmony:
Used in most suffixes

words with the last vowel being part of the Feminine vowels (⟨a⟩ ⟨ꙑ/ÿ⟩ ⟨o⟩ ⟨я/ya⟩) get the vowel -a-
words with the last vowel being part of the Neuter vowels (⟨и/i⟩ ⟨e⟩ ⟨ө/ö⟩ ⟨y/u⟩ ⟨ы/ý⟩ ⟨ю/yu⟩) get the vowel -e-
complex harmony:
Used in possessive, question and negation affixes

words with the last vowel being: ⟨а⟩ ⟨ꙑ/ÿ⟩ (⟨я/ya⟩); get the vowel -ꙑ-
words with the last vowel being: ⟨и/i⟩ ⟨е⟩ ⟨ы/ý⟩; get the vowel -и-
words with the last vowel being: ⟨о⟩ ⟨у/u⟩ ⟨ө/ö⟩ (⟨ю/yu⟩); get the vowel -у-

Grammatical Cases

Qazhshavan has 12grammatical cases.

It also has the suffixes for making nouns into Adjectives adn Adverbs.

Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Куч/Kuç - Dog Калъа/Кaľa - Young Woman Жате/Jate - Hat
Singular Paucal Plural Singular Paucal Plural Singular Paucal Plural
Indefinite
Nominative Куч
Kuç
Кучел
Kuçel
Кучеде
Kuçede
Калъа
Кaľa
Калъал
Кaľal
Калъада
Кaľada
Жате
Jate
Жател
Jatel
Жатеде
Jatede
Accusative Куче
Kuçe
Кучеле
Kuçele
Кучеди
Kuçeli
Калъат
Кaľat
Калъала
Кaľala
Калъадя
Кaľadya
Жатет
Jatet
Жателе
Jatele
Жатеди
Jatedi
Dative Кучети
Kuçeti
Кучлети
Kuçleti
Кучедети
Kuçedeti
Калъати
Кaľati
Калъалати
Кaľalati
Калъадати
Кaľaдati
Жатети
Jateti
Жателети
Jateleti
Жатедети
Jatedeti
Genitive Кучес
Kuçes
Кучелъ
Kuç
Кучезде
Kuçezde
Калъас
Кaľas
Калъалъ
Кaľaľ
Калъазда
Кaľazda
Жатес
Jates
Жателъ
Jateľ
Жатезде
Jatezde
Inessive Кучене
Kuçene
Кучел·не
Kuçel·ne
Кучеде·не
Kuçede·ne
Калъана
Кaľana
Калъал·нa
Кaľal·
Калъадa·нa
Кaľa·
Жатене
Jatene
Жател·не
Jatel·ne
Жатеде·не
Jatede·ne
Adessive Кучей
Kuçey
Кучел·ԙ
Kuçel·ye
Кучеде·й
Kuçede·y
Калъай
Кaľay
Калъал·я
Кaľal·ya
Калъад·
Кaľada·ya
Жатей
Jatey
Жател·ԙԙ
Jatel·ye
Жатедe·й
Jatede·y
Superessive Кучеми
Kuçemi
Кучел·ми
Kuçel·mi
Кучеде·ми
Kuçede·mi
Калъами
Кaľami
Калъал·ми
Кaľal·mi
Калъада·ми
Кaľada·mi
Жатеми
Jatemi
Жател·ми
Jatel·mi
Жатедe·ми
Jatede·mi
Subessive Кучемөш
Kuçemöş
Кучел·мөш
Kuçel·möş
Кучеде·мөш
Kuçede·möş
Калъамөш
Кaľamöş
Калъал·мөш
Кaľal·möş
Калъада·мөш
Кaľada·möş
Жатемөш
Jatemöş
Жател·мөш
Jatel·möş
Жатедe·мөш
Jatede·möş
Illative Кучедже
Kuçece
Кучел·дже
Kuçel·ce
Кучеде·дже
Kuçede·ce
Калъаджа
Кaľaca
Калъал·джа
Кaľal·ca
Калъада·джа
Кaľada·ca
Жатедже
Jate
Жател·дже
Jatel·ce
Жатедe·дже
Jatede·ce
Elative Кучеж
Kuçej
Кучел·еж
Kuçel·ej
Кучеде·ж
Kuçede·j
Калъаж
Кaľaj
Калъал·аж
Кaľal·aj
Калъада·ж
Кaľada·j
Жатеж
Jatej
Жател·еж
Jatel·j
Жатедe·ж
Jatede·j
Benefactive Кучек
Kuçek
Кучел·ек
Kuçel·ek
Кучеде·к
Kuçede·k
Калъак
Кaľak
Калъал·ак
Кaľal·ak
Калъада·к
Кaľada·k
Жатек
Jatek
Жател·ек
Jatel·k
Жатедe·к
Jatede·k
Vocative Куче!
Kuçe!
Кучел!
Kuçel!
Кучеде!
Kuçede!
Калъо!
Каľao!
Калъал!
Кaľal!
Калъада!
Кaľada!
Жате!
Jate!
Жател!
Jatel!
Жатеде!
Jatede!
Adjective Кучев
Kuçev
Кучел·ев
Kuçel·ev
Кучеде·в
Kuçede·v
Калъав
Кaľav
Калъал·ав
Кaľal·av
Калъада·в
Кaľada·v
Жатев
Jatev
Жател·ев
Jatel·ev
Жатеде·в
Jatede·v
Adverb Кучех
Kuçeh
Кучел·ех
Kuçel·eh
Кучеде·х
Kuçede·h
Калъах
Кaľah
Калъал·ах
Кaľal·ah
Калъада·х
Кaľada·h
Жатех
Jateh
Жател·ех
Jatel·eh
Жатеде·х
Jatede·h
Definite
Nominative Куч’
Kuç’ÿ
Кучелхъе
Kuçelhhe
Кучедехъе
Kuçedehhe
Калъага
Кaľa
ga
Калъалхъа
Кaľalhha
Калъадахъа
Кaľadahha
Жатег
Jate
g
Жателхъе
Jatelhhe
Жатедехъе
Jatede hhe
Accusative Куч’ө
Kuç’ö
Кучелехъе
Kuçelehhe
Кучедихъе
Kuçelihhe
Калъата
Кaľata
Калъалахъа
Кaľalahha
Калъадяхъа
Кaľadyahha
Жатет
Jate
t
Жателехъе
Jatelehhe
Жатедихъе
Jatedihhe
Dative Кучети
Kuçetiÿ
Кучелтиехъе
Kuçeltiehhe
Кучедетихъе
Kuçedetihhe
Калъатига
Кaľati·ga
Kалъалатиахъа
Кaľalatiahha
Калъадатихъа
Кaľadatihha
Жатетиг
Jatetig
Жателетиехъе
Jateletiehhe
Жатедетихъе
Jatedetihhe
Genitive Кучес
Kuçesÿ
Кучелъехъе
Kuçehhe
Кучездехъе
Kuçezdehhe
Калъасга
Кaľas·ga
Kалъалъахъа
Кaľaľahha
Калъаздахъа
Кaľazdahha
Жатесг
Jatesg
Жателъехъе
Jateľehhe
Жатездехъе
Jatezdehhe
Inessive Кучен
Kuçenÿ
Кучел·нехъе
Kuçel·nehhe
Кучеде·нехъе
Kuçede·nehhe
Калъанага
Кaľanaga
Калъал·нахъа
Кaľal·hha
Kалъада·нахъа
Кaľada·hha
Жатенег
Jateneg
Жател·нехъе
Jatel·nehhe
Жатеде·нехъе
Jatede·nehhe
Adessive Кучей
Kuçeyÿ
Кучел·ԙхъе
Kuçel·yehhe
Кучеде·йхъе
Kuçede·yhhe
Калъаяга
Кaľayaga
Калъал·яхъа
Кaľal·yahha
Калъад·хъа
Кaľada·yahha
Жатеԙг
Jateyeg
Жател·ԙхъе
Jatel·yehhe
Жатедe·йхъе
Jatede·yhhe
Superessive Кучеми
Kuçemiÿ
Кучел·михъе
Kuçel·emihhe
Кучеде·михъе
Kuçede·mihhe
Калъамига
Кaľamiga
Калъал·миахъа
Кaľal·miahha
Калъада·миахъа
Кaľada·miahha
Жатемиг
Jatemig
Жател·михъе
Jatel·mihhe
Жатедe·михъе
Jatede·mihhe
Subessive Кучемөш
Kuçemöşÿ
Кучел·мөшхъе
Kuçel·emöşhhe
Кучеде·мөшхъе
Kuçede·möşhhe
Калъамөшга
Кaľamöşga
Калъал·мөшахъа
Кaľal·möşahha
Калъада·мөшахъа
Кaľada·möşahha
Жатемөшг
Jatemöşg
Жател·мөшхъе
Jatel·möşhhe
Жатедe·мөшхъе
Jatede·möşhhe
Illative Кучедже
Kuçeceÿ
Кучел·джехъе
Kuçel·cehhe
Кучеде·джехъе
Kuçede·cehhe
Калъаджага
Кaľacaga
Калъал·джахъа
Кaľal·cahha
Калъад·аджахъа
Кaľada·cahha
Жатеджег
Jateceg
Жател·джехъе
Jatel·cehhe
Жатедe·джехъе
Jatede·cehhe
Elative Кучеж
Kuçejÿ
Кучел·ежхъе
Kuçel·ejhhe
Кучеде·жхъе
Kuçede·jhhe
Калъажга
Кaľajga
Калъал·ажхъа
Кaľal·ajhha
Калъада·жхъа
Кaľada·jhha
Жатежг
Jatejg
Жател·ежхъе
Jatel·ejhhe
Жатедe·жхъе
Jatede·jhhe
Benefactive Кучек
Kuçekÿ
Кучел·екхъе
Kuçel·ekhhe
Кучеде·кхъе
Kuçede·khhe
Калъакга
Кaľakga
Калъал·акахъа
Кaľal·akahha
Калъада·кахъа
Кaľada·kahha
Жатекг
Jatekg
Жател·екхъе
Jatel·ekhhe
Жатедe·кхъе
Jatede·khhe
Vocative
Adjective Кучв
Kuçvÿ
Кучел·евхъе
Kuçel·evhhe
Кучеде·вхъе
Kuçede·vhhe
Калъавга
Кaľavga
Калъал·авхъа
Кaľal·avhha
Калъада·вхъа
Кaľada·vhha
Жатевг
Jatevg
Жател·евхъе
Jatel·evhhe
Жатеде·вхъе
Jatede·vhhe
Adverb Кучх
Kuçhÿ
Кучел·еххъе
Kuçel·ehhhe
Кучеде·ххъе
Kuçede·hhhe
Калъахга
Кaľahga
Калъал·аххъа
Кaľal·ahhha
Калъада·ххъа
Кaľada·hhha
Жатехг
Jatehg
Жател·еххъе
Jatel·ehhhe
Жатеде·ххъе
Jatede·hhhe


Qazhshavan uses Comparison forms of Adjectives:

  • Positive - Bassic form of the word- happy - шасив / şasiv
  • Negative - Negation of the word - unhappy - нөшасив / şasiv
  • Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something - happier - ю-шасив / yu-şasiv
  • Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - happiest - я-шасив / ya-şasiv
  • Augmentative - Form showing absolute position without a relative - ultimately happy - я-я-шасив / ya-ya-şasiv

Verbs

Tenses

The Lnaguage is 'Pro drop', meaning that using pronouns is optional, usually when used, they add emphasis, for example: " jemë denjamë " - " i am eating ", " Vi denyn " - " you are eating ".

Mood Person Number Past Present Future Future
in the
past
Simple Perfect Simple Perfect Simple Perfect Simple Perfect
Indicative 1 Singular <>(ьа)хэ

<>(ja)hë
<>хре ан

<>hre an
<>(ьа)мэ

<>(ja)më
<>(ьа)хэ

<>(ja)hë
ье <>(ьа)мэ

je <>(ja)më
ьа ан <>мерэ

je an <>merë
ьехэ ьо <>(ьа)мэ

jehë jo <>(ja)më
ьех ьо ан <>мерэ

jehë jo an <>merë
Plural <>(ьа)хме

<>(ja)hme
<>хмерэ ан

<>hmerë an
<>(ьа)мэме

<>(ja)mëme
<>(ьа)хме

<>(ja)hme
ье <>(ьа)мэме

je <>(ja)mëme
ье ан <>мэмерэ

je an <>mëmerë
ьерӏме ьо <>(ьа)мэме

jerhme jo <>(ja)mëme
ьерӏ ьо ан <>мэмерэ

jerhme jo an <>mëmerë
2 Singular <>(е)жэ/а ьедэ

<>(e)žë/a jedë
<>(е)жэ/а ьедэ

<>(e)žë/a jedë
<>(ы)н

<>(y)n
<>(е)жэ/а ьедэ

<>(e)žë/a jedë
ье <>(ы)n

je <>(y)n
ье <>(e)жэ/a

je <>(e)žë/a
ьехе <>(ы)n

jehe jo an <>(y)n
ьехе ьо ан <>(ы)нрe

jehe jo an <>(y)nre
Plural <>жа деь

<>ža dej
<>жарэ деь

<>žarë dej
<>еье

<>eje
<>жа деь

<>ža dej
<>еье

je <>eje
ье <>еьерэ

je <>ejerë
ьерӏе ьо ан <>еье

jerhe jo an <>eje
ьерӏе ьо ан <>еьерэ

jerhe jo an <>ejerë
3 Singular <>(е)шэ

<>(e)šë
<>(е)ше ан

<>(e)še an
<>ьэ

<>jë
<>ещэ

<>ešë
ье <>ьэ

je <>jë
ье ан <>ьерэ

je an <>jerë
ьехе хо <>ьэ

jehe jo <>jë
ьехе ьо ан <>ьерэ

jehe jo an <>jerë
Plural <>(е)ша

<>(e)ša
<>(е)шарэ

<>(e)šarë
<>ьэдэ

<>jëdë
<>ша

<>ša
ье <>ьедэ

je <>jëdë
ье ан <>ьэдерэ

je an <>jëderë
ьерӏэ ьо <>ьэдэ

jerhë jo <>jëdë
ьерӏэ ьо ан <>ьэдерэ

jerhë jo an <>jëderë
Imperative All Singular Ø <>ши

<>ši
<>жи

<>ži
Ø
Plural <>шати

<>šati
<>жати

<>žati

Note: Word Order Can Switch around depending on context.

Pronouns

Translation to Common Person and number Nom. Acc. Gen. Loc. Voc.
I Me First Singular Ьемэ

Jemë
Ме

Me
Ме

Me
Мен

Men
Ø
You
(Singular)
Second Ви

Vi
Вы

Vy
Васы
Вы

Vasy
Vy
Вын

Vyn
Ви!

Vi!
He Him Third Воь

Voj
Го

Go
Его

Ego
Егон

Egon
Ø
She Her Ваь

Vaj
Га

Ga
Ега

Ega
Еган

Egan
Ø
It Во

Vo
Го

Go
Его

Ego
Егон

Egon
Ø
We
Us First Plural Нен

Nen
Мен

Men
Ны

Ny
Насэ

Nasë
Ø
You
(Plural/formal)
Second Вау

Vau
Ваун

Vaun
Ваь

Vaj
Ваьн

Vajn
Вау

Vau!
They Them Third Singular
& Plural
Ажа

Aža
Ажан

Ažan
Ажеь

Ažej
Ажеьн

Ažejn
Ø

Numbers

Qazhshavan is a Decimal language, meaning it has a base 10 number system.

In Qazhshavan the way to construct numbers higher than 10 is generally simple, 11 being 1-on-10, 12 being 2-on-10, and so on, for numbers such as 20, 30 and 40, you drop the '-on-', 20 - 2-10, 30 - 3-10, and so on
Numbers of 100 are literally: 101- 100 & 1 ; 110- 100 & 10 ; 111- 100 & 1-on-10 ; 120- 100 & 2-10 ; 121- 100 2-10 & 1

Number Number term
(Qazhshavan)
IPA Number Number term
(Qazhshavan)
IPA
0 Nulo
Нуло
/ˈnu.ɫɔ/ Speaker Icon.svg 11 Ennëndjetë
Еннэндьетэ
/ˈɛn.ɤ̞n.djɛt/ Speaker Icon.svg
1 En
Ен
/ˈɛn/ Speaker Icon.svg 12 Dinëndjetë
Динэндьетэ
/ˈdi.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg
2 Di
Ди
/ˈdi/ Speaker Icon.svg 13 Terenëndjetë
Теренэндьетэ
/ˈtɛ.ɾɛ.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg
3 Tere
Тере
/ˈtɛ.ɾɛ/ Speaker Icon.svg 14 Ketënëndjetë
Кетэнэндьетэ
/ˈkɛ.tɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg
4 Ketë
Кетэ
/ˈkɛtᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg 15 Pešhënëndjetë
ПешӀэнэндьетэ
/ˈpɛ.ɕɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg
5 Pešhë
ПешӀэ
/ˈpɛ.ɕᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg 16 Šešënëndjetë
Шешэнэндьетэ
/ˈʃɛ.ʃɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg
6 Šešë
Шешэ
/ʃɛʃᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg 17 Šemënëndjetë
Шемэнэндьетэ
/ˈʃɛ.mɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg
7 Šemë
Шемэ
/ˈʃɛmᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg 18 Ašemënëndjetë
Ашемэнэндьетэ
/aˈʃɛ.mɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg
8 Ašemë
Ашемэ
/aˈʃ.ɛmᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg 19 Nentënëndjetë
Нентэнэндйетэ
/ˈnɛn.tɤ̞.nɤ̞n.djɛtᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg
9 Nentë
Нентэ
/ˈnɛntᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg 100 (en)Čhyn
(ен)ЧӀн
/ˈɛn.t͡ɕɨn/Speaker Icon.svg
/t͡ɕɨn/ Speaker Icon.svg
10 Djetë
Дьетэ
/ˈdjɛtᵊ/ Speaker Icon.svg 1000 (en)Mjada
(ен)Мьада
/ˈɛn.mja.da/Speaker Icon.svg
/ˈmja.da/ Speaker Icon.svg

Questions

Yes & No

Qazhshavan forms Yes and No questions with a quesiton suffix, which follows slight vowel harmony

Translation in Common Sentence in Qazhshavan Suffix
words with last vowels: ë, o, u
Did he shoot him? (Voj) Berëško Go?

(Воь) Берэшко Го?
-ko
/vɔj beˈrɤ̞ʃ.kɔ gɔ/ Speaker Icon.svg
words with last vowels: a, e,
Does he like her? (Voj) Čhanajka Ga?

(Воь) ЧӀанаька Га?
-ka
/vɔj t͡ɕa.najˈka ga/ Speaker Icon.svg
words with last vowels: i , y
Do you love me? Šeninki Me?

Шенинки Ме?
-ki
/ˈʃɛn.inˌki ˈmɛ/ Speaker Icon.svg

Wh-

Dialects

The Qazhshavan language consists of 6 dialect groups, which split into their own sub-dialects.

Dialects list
Qash Dialects map.png
 -Zalic Dialect
Located mainly outside the country, its one of the least inteligable to the Standart form of the language, seperatists in the 1960s claimed it as a seperate languages, some still do today.
 -Rishic Dialect
Generally understood by both meadow and Zalic speakers, it is seen as an intermediate.
 -Meadow Dialect
This is the most spoken dialect, and the standerdized form of the language.
 -Hill Dialect
Second most spoken dialect, in the 1910 it competed with the Meadow dialect for title of Standart dialect, but lost.
 -Laurentine Dialect
Also called "the Islander Dialect", its spoken in the few islands owned by Qazhshava and also in oversees diaspora left over from ex-colonies.
 -Kental Dialect
A strongly Ereskan and Kental influenced dialect spoken south of Ereska in Kentalis, and holds a recognized status in the said nation.

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Qazhshavan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.