List of heads of state of Anahuac: Difference between revisions
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| | | PRP | ||
| '''Progressive | | '''Progressive Revolutionary Party''' | ||
| Partido | | Partido Revolucionario Progresista | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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| style="width:30%;" | {{small|He became provisional president following Garza García's exile.}} | | style="width:30%;" | {{small|He became provisional president following Garza García's exile.}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#D50100" | {{color|white|33}} | |||
| [[File:José María Iglesias Oleo (480x600).png|100px]] | |||
| Augusto Gallardo Gil <br />{{small|(1824–1894)}} | |||
| — | |||
| 7 December 1876 | |||
| 25 February 1877 | |||
| {{ayd|1876|12|7|1877|2|25}} | |||
| Liberal Party of Anahuac | |||
| Vacant | |||
| style="width:30%;" | {{small|Appointed as substitute president when Lenoci left office to fight supporters of Garza García.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#D50100" | {{color|white|(32)}} | |||
| [[File:Porfirio Diaz en 1867.png|100px]] | |||
| Ángel Lenoci<br />{{small|(1830–1915)}} | |||
| 1877 | |||
| 26 February 1877 | |||
| 2 September 1880 | |||
| {{ayd|1876|11|28|1876|12|6}} | |||
| Liberal Party of Anahuac | |||
| Vacant | |||
| style="width:30%;" | {{small|He became provisional president following Garza García's exile.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#D50100" | {{color|white|34}} | |||
| [[File:President Manuel Gonzalez.jpg|100px]] | |||
| Ramiro González Flores<br />{{small|(1833–1893)}} | |||
| 1880 | |||
| 3 September 1880 | |||
| 16 December 1884 | |||
| {{ayd|1880|9|3|1884|12|16}} | |||
| Liberal Party of Anahuac | |||
| Ángel Lenoci | |||
| style="width:30%;" | {{small|He became provisional president following Garza García's exile.}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="7" style="background:#0000FF;" | {{color|white|(32)}} | |||
| rowspan="7" | [[File:Porfirio diaz.jpg|100px]] | |||
| rowspan="7" | Ángel Lenoci<br />{{small|(1830–1915)}} | |||
| 1884 | |||
| rowspan="7" | 1 December 1884 | |||
| rowspan="7" | 25 May 1911 | |||
| rowspan="7" | {{ayd|1884|12|1|1911|5|25}} | |||
| rowspan="7" | National Lenocian Party <br> National Unity Party | |||
| rowspan="7" | Rafael Leyva Velázquez (1884-1890) <br /> Lauro Becerra (1892-1898) <br /> Adolfo Paniagua (1900-1906) <br /> Melchor Riva Palacio (1906-1911) | |||
| rowspan="7" | {{small|Lenoci was declared winner of the general election in 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910.<br>He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Anahuacian Revolution.}} | |||
|- | |||
| 1888 | |||
|- | |||
| 1892 | |||
|- | |||
| 1896 | |||
|- | |||
| 1900 | |||
|- | |||
| 1904 | |||
|- | |||
| 1910 | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Revolution (1911-1928) == | == Revolution (1911-1928) == | ||
== | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |Portrait | |||
! rowspan="2" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |Elected | |||
! colspan="3" |Term of office | |||
! rowspan="2" |Political party | |||
! rowspan="2" |Prime Minister | |||
! rowspan="2" |Notes | |||
|- | |||
! Took office | |||
! Left office | |||
! Time in office | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:Lightgray" | {{color|black|35}} | |||
| [[File:José Yves Limantour 1910.jpg|100px]] | |||
| — | |||
| Silvano Woźniak Barrera <br />{{small|(1843–1939)}} | |||
| 25 May 1911 | |||
| 31 October 1911 | |||
| {{ayd|1911|5|25|1911|10|31}} | |||
| Independent | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|According to the Treaty of Gran Zuñiga, he was appointed as interim president. Immediately called for elections.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#ec64a1" | {{color|black|36}} | |||
| [[File:Francisco I Madero (cropped).jpg|100px]] | |||
| 1911 | |||
| Germán Castillejos <br />{{small|(1873–1913)}} | |||
| 1 November 1911 | |||
| 25 December 1911 | |||
| {{ayd|1911|10|1|1911|12|25}} | |||
| Progressive Revolutionary Party | |||
| Abel Ibarrola Schmal | |||
| {{small|He was the winner of the 1911 general election.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#ec64a1" | {{color|black|37}} | |||
| [[File:Jose Maria Pino Suarez (3).jpg|100px]] | |||
| — | |||
| Abel Ibarrola Schmal <br />{{small|(1869-1913)}} | |||
| 1 January 1912 | |||
| 7 June 1912 | |||
| {{ayd|1912|1|1|1912|6|7}} | |||
| Progressive Revolutionary Party | |||
| Javier Rodríguez | |||
| {{small|Named interim president when Castillejos left office to fight pro-Lenoci forces in southeast Anahuac.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:Lightgray" | {{color|black|38}} | |||
| [[File:Pedro Lascurain.jpg|100px]] | |||
| — | |||
| Javier Rodríguez <br />{{small|(1856–1952)}} | |||
| 8 June 1912 | |||
| 11 September 1912 | |||
| {{ayd|1912|6|8|1912|9|11}} | |||
| Independent | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|As Minister of Governance, he took office when Ibarrola Schaml left office due to health issues.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:#ec64a1" | {{color|black|(36)}} | |||
| [[File:Francisco I Madero (cropped).jpg|100px]] | |||
| 1911 | |||
| Germán Castillejos <br />{{small|(1873–1913)}} | |||
| 12 September 1912 | |||
| 22 February 1913 | |||
| {{ayd|1912|9|12|1913|2|22}} | |||
| Progressive Revolutionary Party | |||
| Abel Ibarrola Schmal | |||
| {{small|Reassumed the presidency. He was overthrown by a coup known as the ''Decenio Trágico'' organized by Maximiliano Bontelli, David Lenoci and Riamese ambassador Thomas J. Waternoose. He was murdered three days later along with recovered Prime Minister Ibarrola Schmal.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:Lightgray" | {{color|black|39}} | |||
| [[File:Victoriano Huerta.(cropped).jpg|100px]] | |||
| — | |||
| Maximiliano Bontelli <br />{{small|(1850–1916)}} | |||
| 23 February 1913 | |||
| 15 August 1914 | |||
| {{ayd|1913|2|23|1914|8|15}} | |||
| Independent | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|He assumed office via a coup against Germán Castillejos. He was defeated by the Constitutional Army led by governor of Autlán, Francisco Venegas.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:Lightgray" | {{color|black|40}} | |||
| [[File:Enrique C Creel.jpg|100px]] | |||
| — | |||
| <br />{{small|(1850–1916)}} | |||
| 16 August 1914 | |||
| 15 November 1914 | |||
| {{ayd|1914|8|16|1914|11|15}} | |||
| Independent | |||
| Vacant | |||
| {{small|He assumed office as interim President after the resignation of Bontelli. He resignated following the Treaty of the Planetarium.}} | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Presidents recognized by the Great Lakes Coalition === | |||
''Main Article: [[Convention of the Great Lakes]]'' | |||
The Coalitionists were followers of revolutionary generals Doroteo Pizarro and Alberto Fernandez. They fought a civil war with the followers of revolutionaries under Francisco Venegas. The position of Prime Minsiter was bireflt derrogated under the Coalitionist government. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |Portrait | |||
! rowspan="2" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} | |||
! colspan="3" |Term of office | |||
! rowspan="2" |Notes | |||
|- | |||
! Took office | |||
! Left office | |||
! Time in office | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:Lightgray" | {{color|black|41}} | |||
| [[File:Francisco Sebastián Carvajal (cropped).jpg|100px]] | |||
| Gerardo Reyero <br />{{small|(1830–1915)}} | |||
| 16 November 1914 | |||
| 5 January 1915 | |||
| {{ayd|1914|11|16|1915|1|5}} | |||
| style="width:30%;" | {{small|Appointed as interim president.}} | |||
|- | |||
! style="background:Lightgray" | {{color|black|42}} | |||
| [[File:Hipolito Yrigoyen - NAC.jpg|100px]] | |||
| Diogénes Lonardi <br />{{small|(1830–1915)}} | |||
| 5 January 1915 | |||
| 10 August 1915 | |||
| {{ayd|1915|1|5|1915|8|10}} | |||
| style="width:30%;" | {{small|He was named as provisional president when Reyero was forced to left [[San Jorge Xayacatlán]].}} | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
== Falconazo (1928-1934) == | |||
== Modern Anahuac (1934-present) == | == Modern Anahuac (1934-present) == |
Revision as of 01:42, 2 August 2024
Throughout its history, Anahuac had many different types of heads of state, as well as many different types of government. Under federal constitutions, the title of President was the same as the current one. In addition, there was a period of monarchical rule, during which the executive was controlled by the Emperor of Anahuac.
The chronology of the heads of state of Anahuac is complicated due to the country's political instability during most of the nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century. With few exceptions, most of the Anahuacian presidents elected during this period did not complete their terms. Until the presidency of Videl de la García, each president remained in office an average of fifteen months. Until the presidency of Óscar Vela Cantú, a president would've served a six-year period known as sexenio. Currently, a president now serves a eight-year term, known as a octenio. The current president of Anahuac is Matías Larrázabal Torres, who took office on 17 December 2018.
This list also includes the self-appointed presidents during civil wars and the collegiate bodies that performed executive duties during periods of transition.
Affiliation keys
Abbreviation | Party name (English) | Party name (Spanish) | |
---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Partido Liberal de Anáhuac | |
Conservative | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Partido Conservador de Anáhuac | |
— | Independent politician | Político independiente | |
PLN | National Lenocian Party | Partido Lenocista Nacional | |
PRP | Progressive Revolutionary Party | Partido Revolucionario Progresista | |
Constitutionalist | Constitutionalist Party | Partido Constitutionalista | |
PIF | Federal Institutional Party | Partido Federal Institucional | |
UDN | National Democratic Union | Unión Democrática Nacional | |
RECONA | National Reconciliation Movement | Movimiento de Reconciliación Nacional | |
Military | Federal Armed Forces of Anáhuac | Fuerzas Armadas Federales de Anáhuac |
United States of Anahuac (1811–1824)
After the consumation of Anahuacian independence, a brief transitional council by the National Triumvirate was appointed before reforming the country into the United States of Anahuac.
The Trivumvirate
The National Trivumvirate would govern the United States of Anahuac until the reformation of the country into the Republic of Anahuac.
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
1 | ![]() |
Aramberri Lavín (1783–1817) |
12 April 1813 | 23 April 1817 | 4 years, 11 days | Independent | Historically, the first modern president of Anahuac and the first one appointed by the National Triumvirate. Lavín was also the first president to be assasinated in office. |
2 | ![]() |
Ramón Adaucto (1786–1843) |
10 October 1817 | 10 October 1823 | 6 years, 0 days | Independent | Second in-line of the National Triumvirate, and the first president of Anahuac to serve a full-term. |
3 | ![]() |
Aarón Nuñez (1782–1831) |
10 October 1823 | 17 December 1829 | 6 years, 68 days | Independent | Declared succesor by Adaucto, and last member of the National Triumvirate. Presidency continued during the transition to the Republic of Anahuac. |
Republic of Anahuac (1824-1840)
Political Reforms of 1836
The position of the Prime Minister was established in 1836. Until the 20th century, the president and prime minister did not run jointly and could be from different parties.
Centralist Republic of Anahuac (1840-1855)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Prime Minister | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
10 | Ciro Martínez (1794–1841) |
17 February 1838 | 18 February 1840 | 1 year, 200 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Vacant | He left office in 1840 due to disease. He died a year later. | |
11 | Andrés Ibarra Droualliet (1797-1864) |
19 February 1840 | 20 January 1842 | 1 year, 335 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Justo Sierra Domínguez | He took office as constitutional elected president following Martínez's resignation. During his term, he enacted the Eight Organic Laws. | |
12 | ![]() |
Álvaro Nuñez Torres (1795-1870) |
20 January 1842 | 19 September 1842 | 211 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Manuel Esponceda | Took ofice after Ibarra left office to fight the insurgency of the Southern Confederation. |
13 | Manuel Esponceda (1780–1853) |
20 September 1842 | 1 October 1842 | 11 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Vacant | He was appointed interim president when Nuñez Torres was assasinated by insurgents of Tectetán. Resigned when Salazar launched a rebellion. | |
(9) | Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876) |
2 October 1842 | 13 October 1843 | 1 year, 11 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Daniel Lazarillo | Appointed provisional president by the Senate of the Republic. | |
(7) | Salvador Alducín (1780–1853) |
14 October 1843 | 5 March 1844 | 143 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Vacant | Appointed as substitute president by Salazar when he left the office. | |
(9) | Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876) |
5 March 1844 | 12 November 1844 | 252 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Vacant | Reassumed the presidency as provisional president. | |
14 | ![]() |
Pedro Aguilar Almaguer (1794–1850) |
8 May 1845 | 12 July 1845 | 65 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Rafael Balbuena | He was appointed interim by Salazar when he left office to assist the invasion of Tectetán |
15 | ![]() |
Rafael Balbuena (1792–1854) |
15 July 1845 | 21 October 1846 | 1 year, 98 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Vacant | He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate after Almaguer was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress. |
(9) | Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876) |
25 October 1846 | 12 January 1847 | 79 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Vacant | Assumed office via a coup against Balbuena. | |
15 | ![]() |
Joaquín Ramos Herrera (1797–1867) |
15 January 1847 | 21 September 1849 | 2 years, 249 days | Conservative Party of Anahuac | Santiago Luján | Assumed office after a coup against Salazar. |
16 | ![]() |
Santiago Luján (1789–1860) |
25 September 1849 | 1 January 1850 | 2 years, 98 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Vacant | Appointed as interim president when Ramos Herrera went to fight the rebellion of Plan de San Agustín, the goal of which was to bring Salazar once again to the presidency. |
17 | Cristóbal Alanis de León (1794–1876) |
2 January 1850 | 1 May 1850 | 119 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Sergio Coronado Barrera | He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Luján resigned because of the rebellion of Plan de San Agustín. | |
18 | ![]() |
Rubén Escobedo (1802–1855) |
2 May 1850 | 3 May 1852 | 4 years, 243 days | Liberal Party | Vacant | He resigned when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the Conversative rebellion. |
(9) | Ibrahim Salazar (1794–1876) |
3 May 1852 | 1 January 1855 | 4 years, 243 days | Conservative Party | Andrés Nava | He swore as President following the triumph of the Plan de San Agustín, but ruled as a dictator. The purchase of Isla Roca Roja and the extension of Petén occured during this final term. | |
19 | Francisco Sarabia (1806–1871) |
1 February 1855 | 17 December 1855 | 319 days | Conservative Party | Vacant | He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayala but he took office until 1 February. | |
20 | Desidero Escobedo (1812–1863) |
18 December 1855 | 16 December 1856 | 1 year, 0 days | Conservative Party | Vacant | He became constitutional president on 17 December 1855. Also served a term during the Second Republic and subsequent Reformation War |
Second Republic of Anahuac (1855-1861)
Reformation War 1856-1860
Main Article: Reformation War
There were two rival governments during this civil war, which the liberals won.
President recognized by the Liberals
Presidents recognized by the Conservatives
Kingdom of Anahuac (1862-1869)
While the Kingdom of Anahuac established the Huey tlatoani as a symbolical head of state, Prime Ministers would exercise power in a similar fashion to prior presidents. For historical reasons, the periods of every Prime Minsiter usually are counted as regular presidential terms.
Monarchy of tlatoani Cristobal I
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Reign | Royal house | Coat of arms | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign ended | Duration | ||||
![]() |
Cristobal I (1812–1869) |
17 December 1862 | 19 June 1869 | 6 years, 184 days | House of Cordero |
Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Anahuac
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
26 | Martín Sanchez de Chagollán (1831–1869) |
17 December 1862 | 19 October 1863 | 306 days | Conservative Party | Also appointed governor of the Anahuacian territories by Riamese occupation forces. | |
27 | ![]() |
Rogelio Alarcón (1821–1875) |
1 November 1863 | 20 March 1865 | 1 year, 139 days | Conservative Party | Reformed the relations between the Catholic Church and the government. Named godfather of Cristobal's second son. |
28 | ![]() |
Dédalo Esparza (1830–1866) |
21 March 1865 | 19 December 1865 | 273 days | Conservative Party | Took office after Alarcón's dismissal by the Imperial Courts. Resigned due to illness, dying the following month. |
29 | ![]() |
Vicente Jaumave (1805–1869) |
20 December 1865 | 19 December 1868 | 2 years, 365 days | Conservative Party | As Minister of Governance, he became interim minister after the resignation of Esparza. Declared constitutional minister on March 1866. During his tenure, the 20,000 League Voyage (and by extension, the Great Anahuacian Co-Prosperity Zone) was issued. |
30 | ![]() |
Gregorio Atenógenes (1831–1869) |
20 December 1868 | 19 June 1869 | 211 days | Conservative Party | Took ofice on the personal request of Cristobal. Executed by Republican forces for his role in commandering the Imperial Army and Riamese occupation forces. |
Restored Republic (1869-1876)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Prime Minister | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
(21) | ![]() |
Raymundo Vigil (1806–1872) |
1856 | 17 December 1855 | 1 December 1862 | 16 years, 219 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | José Resendiz (1855-1860) Félix Carvajal Uresti (1860-1862) Jorge Álvarez (1862-1868) Alejandro Canseco (1868-1872) |
The first term he was interim president during the Reformation War. The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1862. His constitutional period began on 17 December. The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion. The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic. |
1862 | 17 December 1862 | 16 December 1865 | |||||||
— | 17 December 1865 | 16 December 1867 | |||||||
1867 | 17 December 1867 | 16 December 1871 | |||||||
1871 | 17 December 1871 | 23 July 1872 | |||||||
31 | ![]() |
Santiago Garza García (1823–1889) |
— | 18 July 1872 | 30 November 1872 | 4 years, 155 days | Liberal Party of Anahuac | Esteban Carvajal (1872-1876) | As Minister of Governance, he became interim president in the aftermath of Vigil's death. While an extraodinary election declared him as the winner, he was overthron by the Lujambio Revolution and left office less than a week before the end of his constitutional term. |
1872 | 17 December 1872 | 10 December 1876 |
Lenociato (1876-1911)
Main Article: Lenociato
Revolution (1911-1928)
Presidents recognized by the Great Lakes Coalition
Main Article: Convention of the Great Lakes
The Coalitionists were followers of revolutionary generals Doroteo Pizarro and Alberto Fernandez. They fought a civil war with the followers of revolutionaries under Francisco Venegas. The position of Prime Minsiter was bireflt derrogated under the Coalitionist government.
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
41 | ![]() |
Gerardo Reyero (1830–1915) |
16 November 1914 | 5 January 1915 | 50 days | Appointed as interim president. |
42 | ![]() |
Diogénes Lonardi (1830–1915) |
5 January 1915 | 10 August 1915 | 217 days | He was named as provisional president when Reyero was forced to left San Jorge Xayacatlán. |
Falconazo (1928-1934)
Modern Anahuac (1934-present)