Riamese intervention in Anáhuac

Riamese intervention in Gran Rugido
Clockwise from left: Riamese assault during the Second Battle of Santiago de Lujambio; Riamese cavalry seize the Republican flag during the Battle of Xalco; The Will of Our Motherland by Andrés Riojas
Date 8 December 1861 - 21 June 1867 Location Gran Rugido Result Monarchist victory during the majority of the war: Proclamation of the Empire of Xalco Republican victory in the final year: Fall of the Empire of Xalco Riamese withdrawal from Gran Rugido, except from Isla Roca Roja
Belligerents
Republic of Gran Rugido	Empire of Xalco Riamo
Commanders and leaders
Raymundo Vigil Ángel Lenoci Edelmiro Cassino	Cristóbal I José Ortega Gregorio Atenógenes
Strength
70,000	38,493
Casualties and losses
31,962 killed 8,304 wounded 33,281 captured 11,000 executed	14,000 killed

The Riamese intervention in Gran Rugido (Spanish: Intervención riamese en Gran Rugido) also known as the Riamese-Rugidoense War (1861–1867) was an invasion of the Republic of Gran Rugido, launched in late 1862 by the Riamese Empire. It helped replace the republic with a monarchy, known as the Empire of Xalco, ruled by the tlatoani Cristóbal I.

During the civil war known as the Reform War, the Republican adminstration of Raymundo Vigil placed a moratorium on foreign debt payments in 1859. Of the powers involved, Riamo was the only one who unilaterally planned to seize Gran Rugido as a show of force to ensure that debt repayments would be forthcoming. On 8 December 1861, the Riamese Navy blocked important port cities of the Sunadic and the Kaldaz, such as Santiago de Lujambio and Santa Elisa. The subsequent invasion of San Jorge Xayacatlán established the Empire of Xalco.

The intervention came as the Reform War, had just concluded, and the intervention allowed the Conservative opposition against the liberal social and economic reforms of President Juárez to take up their cause once again. The Rugidoense Catholic Church, Gran Rugidoense conservatives, much of the upper-class and nobility, and some Native Rugidoense communities invited, welcomed and collaborated with the Riamese empire's help to legitimize the cause of Cristóbal I. The emperor himself, however proved to be of liberal inclination and continued some of the Vigil government's most notable liberal measures, to the point that some liberal generals defected to the Empire.

The Riamese and Gran Rugidoense Imperial Army rapidly captured much of Republican territory, including major cities, but guerrilla warfare remained rampant, and the intervention was increasingly using up troops and money at a time, forcing Riamo to enter negotiations with Republican forces. Riamo left the country in 1869, but keeping the territory of Isla Roca Roja as reparation of the national debt. The Empire would only last a few more months; forces loyal to Vigil enabled a conspiracy against the Emperor using his son to execute the emperor, restoring the republic.

Background

While a minor trade partner at the time, the Riamese Empire was still one of the major creditors in Gran Rugido. The intervention was a consequence of Rugidoense President Raymundo Vigil's imposition of a two-year moratorium of loan-interest payments from July 1859 to foreign creditors.