Lozhai language

Qazhshavan Mezhian-Qazhshavan
Маръа Гԙл, Маръашла Mar̈a Gyel, Mar̈aşla
Pronunciation	[ˈma.r̝̊a ɣjæ̝l] [ˈma.r̝̊a.ʃla̽]
Native to	Qazhshava
Region	Southern Thuadia
Native speakers	85 million (2018)
Language family	Mokhaic Khokhta Qazhshavan Mezhian-Qazhshavan
Early form	Middle Qazhshavan
Standard forms	Mezhian (Qazhshava) Nashean/Riamese (Riamo)
Dialects	Meadow Hill Karakach Nashean/Riamese
Writing system	Traditional Qazhshavan (in Qazhshava) Cyrillic (in Qazhshava & Kentalis) Latin (in Qazhshava and abroad) Protopolyash (abroad) Qazhshavan Braile
Official status
Official language in	Qazhshava Riamo Republic of Gomaya City of Nashe
Regulated by	Qazhshavan Council of Languages
Language codes
ISO 639-1	qz
ISO 639-2	qzs
ISO 639-3	qzs
Glottolog	qazh1331
Distribution of the language   Absolute majority   >35% native speakers

Qazhshavan (Qazhshavan: Маръа Гел, Mar̈a Gel [ˈma.r̝̊a ɣɛl] ; Маръашла, Mar̈aşla [ˈma.r̝̊a.ʃla̽] ) is a unique langauge spoken in Southern Thuadia, primarily in the Qazhshavan Federation and adjacent areas. It is the only major language in the Mokhaic language family, and the most spoken.

Qazhshavan is also the main language of some areas of Western Thrismari, being notable the case of Nashe, a former colony of Qazhshava and current federal subject of Riamo where the language constitutes a major part of local culture. It is also an important factor that has contributed towards the pro-independentist movement in the region.

Basic information

Qazhshavan is a Pro-Drop agglutinative SVO language with a moderately complex syllable structure, it puts adjectives before nouns and has postpositions. It has a high number of cases (12~14) compared to its neighbors and shares very little grammar with them. The language is neutorious with its long words.

Writing system

Qazhshavan has 3 official writing systems, of which the Govoric one dominates, it also has an unnoficial verion of it's Latin alphabet which is used mainly by people outside of qazhshava or ones who aren't able to type the special characters. The Traditional Qazhshavan script is used mainly in official documents, not so much in the daily life, but it is kept allive. There is also a Protopolyash version used by people living in areas such as parts of Mustelaria in which the langauges use it.

Govoric alphabet:

А а	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Е е	Ж ж	З з	И и
Й й	К к	Къ къ	Л л	Лъ лъ	М м	Н н	О о	Ө ө
П п	Р р	Ръ ръ	С с	Т т	У у	Ў ў	Ф ф	Х х
Хъ хъ	Ц ц	Дз дз	Ч ч	Дж.дж	Ш ш	Щ щ	Ъ ъ	Ь ь
Ꙑ ꙑ	Ы ы	Ю ю	Я я	Ԙ ԙ

Latin alphabet:

A a	B b	C c	Ç ç	D d	Ḑ ḑ	E e	F f	G g
H h	Hh hh	I i	J j	K k	L l	Ľ ľ	M m	N n
O o	Ö ö	P p	Q q	R r	R̈ r̈	S s	Ş ş	T t
Ț ț	U u	V v	W w	X x	Y y	Ý ý	Ÿ ÿ	Z z

- version	Govoric version	Latin version		Protopolyash version	IPA Symbol	Notes
		Offical	Unofficial
	А а	A a		Ⲁ ⲁ	/a~ɑ/
	Б б	B b		ⲂⲂ ⲃⲃ	/b/
	В в	V v		Ⲃ ⲃ	/v/
	Г г	G g		Ⲅ ⲅ	/ɣ/	It can get pronounced as /g/ in foreing word and/or when its doubled or in a stressed syllable
	Д д	D d		Ⲇ ⲇ	/d/
	Е е	E e		Ⲉ ⲉ	/ɛ/
	Ж ж	J j		Ϧ ϧ	/ʒ/
	З з	Z z		Ⲍ ⲍ	/z/
	И и	I i		Ⲏ ⲏ	/i~ɨ/	When its before a vowel it gets pronounced as /ij/
	Й й	Y y		Ⲓ ⲓ	/j/	Used after vowels and as first letter
	К к	K k		Ⲕ ⲕ	/k/
	Къ къ	Q q		Ⲕⲋ ⲕⲋ	/q/
	Л л	L l		Ⲗ ⲗ	/l/
	Лъ лъ	Ľ ľ	Lh lh	Ⲗⲋ ⲗⲋ	/l̥~ɬ/
	М м	M m		Ⲙ ⲙ	/m/
	Н н	N n		Ⲛ ⲛ	/n/
	О о	O o		Ⲟ ⲟ	/ɔ/
	Ө ө	Ö ö	Oe oe	Ⲱ ⲱ	/ø̞/
	П п	P p		Ⲡ ⲡ	/p/
	Р р	R r		Ⲣ ⲣ	/ɾ/
	Ръ ръ	R̈ r̈	Rh rh	Ⳁ ⳁ	/r̝̊/
	С с	S s		Ⲥ ⲥ	/s/
	Т т	T t		Ⲧ ⲧ	/t/
	У у	U u		Ⲩ ⲩ	/u~ʊ/	It gets pronounsed as /wu~wʊ/ after a vowel
	Ў ў	W w		Ⲯ ⲯ	/w/
	Ф ф	F f		Ⲫ ⲫ	/f/
	Х х	H h		Ⲭ ⲭ	/x/
	Хъ хъ	Hh hh		Ϥ ϥ	/ħ/
	Ц ц	Ț ț	Ts ts	Ϯ ϯ	/t͡s/
	Дз дз	Ḑ ḑ	Dz dz	ϮϮ ϯϯ	/d͡z/
	Ч ч	Ç ç	Ch ch	Ϭ ϭ	/t͡ʃ/
	Дж дж	C c		Ϫ ϫ	/d͡ʒ/
	Ш ш	Ş ş	Sh sh	Ϣ ϣ	/ʃ/
	Щ щ	Şt şt	Sht sht	Ϣⲧ ϣⲧ	//
	Ъ ъ	-		Ⲋ ⲋ	-	Used as an add on character in digraphs
	Ь ь	Y y		Ⲓ ⲓ	/◌ʲ/	Used only after consonants
	Ꙑ ꙑ	Ÿ ÿ	Yh yh	Ⳉ ⳉ	/ɤ~ɯ/
	Ы ы	Ý ý		Ϩ ϩ	/i~ɨ/	Used only in foreign words
	Ю ю	Yu yu	Ü ü *	ⲒⲨ ⲓⲩ	/ju/
	Я я	Ya ya	Ä ä *	ⲒⲀ ⲓⲁ	/ja/
	Ԙ ԙ	Ye ye	Ë ë *	ⲒⲈ ⲓⲉ	/jɛ~jæ̝/ /ɛ~æ̝/	Pronounciation varies thourghout speakers
	Кс кс	X x Ks ks		Ⲝ ⲝ	/ju/	The latin 'X x' is used only in foreign words

Orthography

wip

Phonology

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvelar	Epiglottal
Nasal		m		n
Plosive	voiceless	p	t				k	q
	voiced	b	d				(ɡ)
Affricate	voiceless			t͡s	t͡ʃ
	voiced			d͡z	d͡ʒ
Fricative	voiceless	f		s	ʃ		x		ħ
	voiced	v		z	ʒ		ɣ
Aproximant	voiceless			l̥~ɬ
	voiced	w		l		j
Tap & Trill	voiceless			r̝̊
	voiced			ɾ

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i~ɨ		u~ʊ ɤ~ɯ
Mid	ø̞
Open-Mid	ɛ		ɔ
Open	a~ɑ

Pronouns

Qazhshavan has basic pronouns that one would find in Common, but has 2 forms of "we" (inclusive and exclusive) as well as the 12 cases:

Translation to Common	Person and number		Nom.	Acc.	Dat.	Gen.	Ine.	Ade.	Supe.	Sube.	Ill.	Ela.	Ben.	Voc.
I, Me	First	Singular	Ԙм Yem	Ԙми Yemi	Ԙмити Yemiti	Мей Mey	Ԙмне Yemne	Мꙑԙ Mÿye	Ԙмеми Yememi	Ԙмемөш Yememöş	Ԙмдже Yemce	Ԙмеж Yemej	Ԙмек Yemek
You, Your	Second		Шин Şin	Шини Şini	Шинити Şiniti	Ший Şiy	Шинне Şinne	Шꙑԙ Şÿye	Шинеми Şinemi	Шинемөш Şinemöş	Шиндже Şince	Шинеж Şinej	Шинек Şinek	Ши'! Şi'!
He, him	Third		Ой Oy	Ойꙑ Oyÿ	Ойꙑти Oyÿti	Ойин Oyin	Ойни Oyni	Ойо Oyo	Ойеми Oyemi	Ойемөш Oyemöş	Ойдже Oyce	Ойеж Oyej	Ойек Oyek
She, her			Ай Ay	Айꙑ Ayÿ	Айꙑти Ayÿti	Айин Ayin	Айни Ayni	Ая Aya	Аями Ayami	Аямөш Ayamöş	Айджа Ayca	Аяж Ayaj	Аяк Ayak
It			Лꙑ Lÿ	Ойꙑ Oyÿ	Ойꙑти Oyÿti	Ойин Oyin	Ойни Oyni	Ойо Oyo	Ойеми Oyemi	Ойемөш Oyemöş	Ойдже Oyce	Ойеж Oyej	Ойек Oyek
We, us (Exclusive)	First	Paucal (Formal)	Меԙ Meye	Мейи Meyi	Мейити Meyiti	Меръи Mer̈i	Мейне Meyne	Най Nay	Меԙми Meyemi	Меԙмөш Meyemöş	Мейдже Meyce	Меԙж Meyej	Меԙк Meyek
We, us (Inclusive)			Мейше Meyşe	Мейши Meyşi	Мейшити Meyşiti	Мешеръи Meşer̈i	Мейшне Meyşne	Найш Nayş	Мейшеми Meyşemi	Мейшемөш Meyşemöş	Мейшдже Meyşce	Мейшеж Meyşej	Мейшек Meyşek
You (plr.)	Second		Шеԙ Şeye	Шейи Şeyi	Шейити Şeyiti	Шеръи Şer̈i	Шейне Şeyne	Шай Şay	Шеԙми Şeyemi	Шеԙмөш Şeyemöş	Шейдже Şeyce	Шеԙж Şeyej	Шеԙк Şeyek	Шеԙ! Şeye!
They, them	Third		Але Ale	Али Ali	Алити Aliti	Алеръе Aler̈e	Алени Aleni	Алай Alay	Алеми Alemi	Алемөш Alemöş	Алдже Alce	Алеж Alej	Алек Alek
We, us (exclusive)	First	PLural	Мейде Meyde	Мейди Meydi	Мейдити Meyditi	Меръиди Mer̈idi	Мейдене Meydene	Надай Naday	Мейдеми Meydemi	Мейдемөш Meydemöş	Мейдедже Meydece	Мейдеж Meydej	Мейдек Meydek
We, us (Inclusive)			Мейшде Meyşde	Мейшди Meyşdi	Мейшдити Meyşditi	Мешеръиди Meşer̈idi	Мейшдене Meyşdene	Надайш Nadayş	Мейшдеми Meyşdemi	Мейшдемөш Meyşdemöş	Мейшдедже Meyşdece	Мейшдеж Meyşdej	Мейшдек Meyşdek
You (plr.)	Second		Шейде Şeyde	Шейди Şeydi	Шейдити Şeyditi	Шеръиди Şer̈idi	Шейдене Şeydene	Шадай Şaday	Шейдеми Şeydemi	Шейдемөш Şeydemöş	Шейдедже Şeydece	Шейдеж Şeydej	Шейдек Şeydek	Шейде! Şeyde!
They, them	Third		Аледе Aleде	Алиди Alidi	Алидити Aliditi	Алеръедв Aler̈ede	Алдени Aldeni	Алдай Alday	Алдеми Aldemi	Алдемөш Aldemöş	Алдедже Aldece	Алдеж Aldej	Алдек Aldek

Nouns

Gender and Vowel harmony

3 grammatical genders: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter The gender system in Qazhshavan resepmbles the one found in the Varnolan.

• Maculine are all words ending in: Consonants (including semivowels ⟨ў/w⟩⟨й/y⟩ )
• Feminine are all words ending in: ⟨a⟩ ⟨ꙑ/ÿ⟩ ⟨o⟩ (⟨я/ya⟩)
• Neuter are all words ending in: ⟨и/i⟩ ⟨e⟩ ⟨ө/ö⟩ ⟨y/u⟩ ⟨ы/ý⟩ (⟨ю/yu⟩)

(note: Masculine words still can follow feminine vowel harmony depending on the last vowel)

simple harmony:
Used in most suffixes

words with the last vowel being part of the Feminine vowels (⟨a⟩ ⟨ꙑ/ÿ⟩ ⟨o⟩ ⟨я/ya⟩) get the vowel -a-
words with the last vowel being part of the Neuter vowels (⟨и/i⟩ ⟨e⟩ ⟨ө/ö⟩ ⟨y/u⟩ ⟨ы/ý⟩ ⟨ю/yu⟩) get the vowel -e-

complex harmony:
Used in possessive, question and negation affixes

words with the last vowel being: ⟨а⟩ ⟨ꙑ/ÿ⟩ (⟨я/ya⟩); get the vowel -ꙑ-
words with the last vowel being: ⟨и/i⟩ ⟨е⟩ ⟨ы/ý⟩; get the vowel -и-
words with the last vowel being: ⟨о⟩ ⟨у/u⟩ ⟨ө/ö⟩ (⟨ю/yu⟩); get the vowel -у-

Grammatical Number

Qazhshavan has 3 grammatical numbers:

• Singular: used for when there is exaclty 1 of the object
• Paucal: used for small unspecified numbers of the object (i.e 3~20, depending on the object)
• Plural: used for specified or a lot of unspecified numbers of the object

Examples:

• Singular: Дим (атꙑл) куч - Dim (atÿl) kuç - i have a(/one) dog.
• Paucal: Дим кучел - Dim kuçel - i have a few dog.
• Plural: Дим кучеде - Dim kuçede - i have many dog.

Grammatical Cases

Qazhshavan has 12 grammatical cases.

• Nominative: Subject
• Accusative: Interract with the Subject (hear, hit, harm...)
• Dative: to the Subject
• Genitive: Possesed by the Subject
• Inessive: In/Inside the Subject
• Adessive: Neer by the Subject
• Superessive: On top of the Subject
• Subessive: Under the Subject
• Illative: Moving into the Subject
• Elative: Moving out of / from the Subject
• Benefactial: for the Subject
• Vocative: calling the Subject

It also has the suffixes for making nouns into Adjectives adn Adverbs.

Case	Masculine			Feminine			Neuter
	Куч/Kuç - Dog			Калъа/Кaľa - Young Woman			Жате/Jate - Hat
	Singular	Paucal	Plural	Singular	Paucal	Plural	Singular	Paucal	Plural
Indefinite
Nominative	Куч Kuç	Кучeл Kuçel	Кучeде Kuçede	Калъа Кaľa	Калъал Кaľal	Калъадa Кaľada	Жате Jate	Жател Jatel	Жатедe Jatede
Accusative	Куче Kuçe	Кучeлe Kuçele	Кучeди Kuçeli	Калъат Кaľat	Калъалa Кaľala	Калъадя Кaľadya	Жатет Jatet	Жателe Jatele	Жатеди Jatedi
Dative	Кучeти Kuçeti	Кучлeти Kuçleti	Кучeдeти Kuçedeti	Калъати Кaľati	Калъалaти Кaľalati	Калъадaти Кaľadati	Жатети Jateti	Жателeти Jateleti	Жатедeти Jatedeti
Genitive	Кучeс Kuçes	Кучeлъ Kuçeľ	Кучeздe Kuçezde	Калъас Кaľas	Калъалъ Кaľaľ	Калъаздa Кaľazda	Жатес Jates	Жателъ Jateľ	Жатездe Jatezde
Inessive	Кучeнe Kuçene	Кучeл·нe Kuçel·ne	Кучeдe·нe Kuçede·ne	Калъанa Кaľana	Калъал·нa Кaľal·na	Калъадa·нa Кaľada·na	Жатенe Jatene	Жател·нe Jatel·ne	Жатедe·нe Jatede·ne
Adessive	Кучей Kuçey	Кучeл·ԙ Kuçel·ye	Кучeдe·й Kuçede·y	Калъай Кaľay	Калъал·я Кaľal·ya	Калъадa·я Кaľada·ya	Жатей Jatey	Жател·ԙ Jatel·ye	Жатедe·й Jatede·y
Superessive	Кучeми Kuçemi	Кучeл·ми Kuçel·mi	Кучeдe·ми Kuçede·mi	Калъами Кaľami	Калъал·ми Кaľal·mi	Калъадa·ми Кaľada·mi	Жатеми Jatemi	Жател·ми Jatel·mi	Жатедe·ми Jatede·mi
Subessive	Кучeмөш Kuçemöş	Кучeл·мөш Kuçel·möş	Кучeдe·мөш Kuçede·möş	Калъамөш Кaľamöş	Калъал·мөш Кaľal·möş	Калъадa·мөш Кaľada·möş	Жатемөш Jatemöş	Жател·мөш Jatel·möş	Жатедe·мөш Jatede·möş
Illative	Кучeджe Kuçece	Кучeл·дже Kuçel·ce	Кучeдe·дже Kuçede·ce	Калъаджa Кaľaca	Калъал·джa Кaľal·ca	Калъадa·джa Кaľada·ca	Жатеджe Jatece	Жател·джe Jatel·ce	Жатедe·джe Jatede·ce
Elative	Кучeж Kuçej	Кучeл·eж Kuçel·ej	Кучeдe·ж Kuçede·j	Калъаж Кaľaj	Калъал·aж Кaľal·aj	Калъадa·ж Кaľada·j	Жатеж Jatej	Жател·eж Jatel·ej	Жатедe·ж Jatede·j
Benefactive	Кучeк Kuçek	Кучeл·eк Kuçel·ek	Кучeдe·к Kuçede·k	Калъак Кaľak	Калъал·aк Кaľal·ak	Калъадa·к Кaľada·k	Жатек Jatek	Жател·eк Jatel·ek	Жатедe·к Jatede·k
Vocative	Куче! Kuçe!	Кучел! Kuçel!	Кучеде! Kuçede!	Калъо! Каľao!	Калъал! Кaľal!	Калъада! Кaľada!	Жате! Jate!	Жател! Jatel!	Жатеде! Jatede!
Adjective	Кучeв Kuçev	Кучeл·eв Kuçel·ev	Кучeдe·в Kuçede·v	Калъав Кaľav	Калъал·aв Кaľal·av	Калъадa·в Кaľada·v	Жатев Jatev	Жател·eв Jatel·ev	Жатедe·в Jatede·v
Adverb	Кучeх Kuçeh	Кучeл·eх Kuçel·eh	Кучeдe·х Kuçede·h	Калъах Кaľah	Калъал·aх Кaľal·ah	Калъадa·х Кaľada·h	Жатех Jateh	Жател·eх Jatel·eh	Жатедe·х Jatede·h
Definite
Nominative	Куч’ꙑ Kuç’ÿ	Кучeл’хъe Kuçel’hhe	Кучeдe’хъe Kuçede’hhe	Калъа’га Кaľa’ga	Калъал’хъa Кaľal’hha	Калъадa’хъa Кaľada’hha	Жате’г Jate’g	Жател’хъe Jatel’hhe	Жатедe’хъe Jatede ’hhe
Accusative	Куч’ө Kuç’ö	Кучeлe’хъe Kuçele’hhe	Кучeди’хъe Kuçedi’hhe	Калъата Кaľata	Калъалa’хъa Кaľala’hha	Калъадя’хъa Кaľadya’hha	Жате’т Jate’t	Жателe’хъe Jatele’hhe	Жатеди’хъe Jatedi’hhe
Dative	Кучeти’ꙑ Kuçeti’ÿ	Кучeлти’eхъe Kuçelti’ehhe	Кучeдeти’хъe Kuçedeti’hhe	Калъати’гa Кaľati·ga	Kалъалaти’хъa Кaľalati’hha	Калъадaти’хъa Кaľadati’hha	Жатети’г Jateti’g	Жателeти’eхъe Jateleti’ehhe	Жатедeти’хъe Jatedeti’hhe
Genitive	Кучeс’ꙑ Kuçes’ÿ	Кучeлъ’eхъe Kuçeľ’ehhe	Кучeздe’хъe Kuçezde’hhe	Калъас’га Кaľas·ga	Kалъалъ’aхъa Кaľaľ’ahha	Калъаздa’хъa Кaľazda’hha	Жатес’г Jates’g	Жателъ’eхъe Jateľ’ehhe	Жатездe’хъe Jatezde’hhe
Inessive	Кучeн’ꙑ Kuçen’ÿ	Кучeл·нe’хъe Kuçel·ne’hhe	Кучeдe·нe’хъe Kuçede·ne’hhe	Калъанa’га Кaľana’ga	Калъал·нa’хъa Кaľal·na’hha	Kалъадa·нa’хъa Кaľada·na’hha	Жатенe’г Jatene’g’	Жател·нe’хъe Jatel·ne’hhe	Жатедe·нe’хъe Jatede·ne’hhe
Adessive	Кучeй’ꙑ Kuçey’ÿ	Кучeл·ԙ’хъe Kuçel·ye’hhe	Кучeдe·й’хъe Kuçede·y’hhe	Калъая’га Кaľaya’ga	Калъал·я’хъa Кaľal·ya’hha	Калъадa·я’хъa Кaľada·ya’hha	Жатеԙ’г Jateye’g	Жател·ԙ’хъe Jatel·ye’hhe	Жатедe·й’хъe Jatede·y’hhe
Superessive	Кучeми’ꙑ Kuçemi’ÿ	Кучeл·ми’хъe Kuçel·mi’hhe	Кучeдe·ми’хъe Kuçede·mi’hhe	Калъами’га Кaľami’ga	Калъал·ми’aхъa Кaľal·mi’ahha	Калъадa·ми’aхъa Кaľada·mi’ahha	Жатеми’г Jatemi’g	Жател·ми’хъe Jatel·mi’hhe	Жатедe·ми’хъe Jatede·mi’hhe
Subessive	Кучeмөш’ꙑ Kuçemöş’ÿ	Кучeл·мөш’хъe Kuçel·emöş’hhe	Кучeдe·мөш’хъe Kuçede·möş’hhe	Калъамөш’га Кaľamöş’ga	Калъал·мөш’хъa Кaľal·möş’hha	Калъадa·мөш’хъa Кaľada·möş’hha	Жатемөш’г Jatemöş’g	Жател·мөш’хъe Jatel·möş’hhe	Жатедe·мөш’хъe Jatede·möş’hhe
Illative	Кучeджe’ꙑ Kuçece’ÿ	Кучeл·джe’хъe Kuçel·ce’hhe	Кучeдe·джe’хъe Kuçede·ce’hhe	Калъаджa’га Кaľaca’ga	Калъал·джa’хъa Кaľal·ca’hha	Калъад·aджa’хъa Кaľada·ca’hha	Жатеджe’г Jatece’g	Жател·джe’хъe Jatel·ce’hhe	Жатедe·джe’хъe Jatede·ce’hhe
Elative	Кучeж’ꙑ Kuçej’ÿ	Кучeл·eж’хъe Kuçel·ej’hhe	Кучeде·ж’хъe Kuçede·j’hhe	Калъаж’га Кaľaj’ga	Калъал·aж’хъa Кaľal·aj’hha	Калъадa·ж’хъa Кaľada·j’hha	Жатеж’г Jatej’g	Жател·eж’хъe Jatel·ej’hhe	Жатедe·ж’хъe Jatede·j’hhe
Benefactive	Кучeк’ꙑ Kuçek’ÿ	Кучeл·eк’хъe Kuçel·ek’hhe	Кучeдe·к’хъe Kuçede·k’hhe	Калъак’га Кaľak’ga	Калъал·aк’aхъa Кaľal·ak’ahha	Калъадa·к’aхъa Кaľada·k’ahha	Жатек’г Jatek’g	Жател·eк’хъe Jatel·ek’hhe	Жатедe·к’хъe Jatede·k’hhe
Vocative
Adjective	Кучeв’ꙑ Kuçev’ÿ	Кучeл·eв’хъe Kuçel·ev’hhe	Кучeдe·в’хъe Kuçede·v’hhe	Калъав’га Кaľav’ga	Калъал·aв’хъa Кaľal·av’hha	Калъадa·в’хъa Кaľada·v’hha	Жатев’г Jatev’g	Жател·eв’хъe Jatel·ev’hhe	Жатедe·в’хъe Jatede·v’hhe
Adverb	Кучeх’ꙑ Kuçeh’ÿ	Кучeл·eх’хъe Kuçel·eh’hhe	Кучeдe·х’хъe Kuçede·h’hhe	Калъах’га Кaľah’ga	Калъал·aх’aхъa Кaľal·ah’ahha	Калъадa·х’aхъa Кaľada·h’ahha	Жатех’г Jateh’g	Жател·eх’eхъe Jatel·eh’ehhe	Жатедe·х’eхъe Jatede·h’ehhe

Note: the vowels that follow harmony are highlited in a dark blue color

Qazhshavan uses Comparison forms of Adjectives and Adverbs:

• Positive - Bassic form of the word- happy - шасив / şasiv
• Negative - Negation of the word - unhappy - нөшасив / nöşasiv
• Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something - happier - ю-шасив / yu-şasiv
• Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - happiest - я-шасив / ya-şasiv
• Augmentative - Form showing absolute position without a relative - ultimately happy - я-я-шасив / ya-ya-şasiv

Possesive suffixes

Qazhshavan has a number of Possessive suffixes that show to whom an object belongs too, though one can use the genitive form of a pronoun instead, and by doing so bringing more emphesis on the owner.

Person & number		Suffix	Examples
			Пал/Pal - oven	Енеш/Eneş - Shirt	Корт/Kort - Comb
			-ꙑ/ÿ- harmony	-и/i- harmony	-у/u- harmony
1st	Singular	-(v)м/m	Палꙑм Palÿm	Енешим Eneşim	Кортум Kortum
2nd		-(v)ш/ş	Палꙑш Palÿş	Енешиш Eneşiş	Кортуш Kortuş
3d M		-(v)йо/yo	Палꙑйо Palÿyo	Енешийо Eneşiyo	Кортуйо Kortuyo
3d F		-(v)йо/yo	Палꙑйa Palÿya	Енешийa Eneşiya	Кортуйa Kortuya
3d N		-(v)йо/yo	Палꙑйо Palÿyo	Енешийо Eneşiyo	Кортуйо Kortuyo
1st	Plural	-(v)меԙ/meye	Палꙑмеръ Palÿmer̈	Енешимеръ Eneşimer̈	Кортумеръ Kortumer̈
2nd		-(v)шеԙ/şeye	Палꙑшеръ Palÿşer̈	Енешишеръ Eneşişer̈	Кортушеръ Kortuşer̈
3d		-(v)ле/le	Палꙑлеръ Palÿler̈	Енешилеръ Eneşiler̈	Кортулеръ Kortuler̈

Verbs

Tense-Aspect-Mood

Qazhshavan has 4 tenses and each has 2 aspects, and 2 moods:

Mood	Person	Number	Past		Present		Future		Future in the past
			Simple	Perfect	Simple	Continious	Simple	Perfect	Simple	Perfect
Indicative	1st	Singular	Таиeдꙑ·м Taiedÿ·m	Таиeдꙑ·м’ан Taiedÿ·m’an	Таим Taim		Таиeчe·м Taieçe·m	Таиeчe·м’ан Taieçe·m’an	Таиeчeшꙑ·м Taieçeşÿ·m	Таиeчeшꙑ·м’ан Taieçeşÿ·m’an
		Paucal exclusive	Таиeдꙑ·ме Taiedÿ·me	Таиeдꙑ·ме’ан Taiedÿ·me’an	Таиме Taime		Таиeчe·ме Taieçe·me	Таиeчe·ме’ан Taieçe·me’an	Таиeчeшꙑ·ме Taieçeşÿ·me	Таиeчeшꙑ·ме’ан Taieçeşÿ·me’an
		Paucal inclusive	Таиeдꙑ·мше Taiedÿ·mşe	Таиeдꙑ·мше’ан Taiedÿ·mşe’an	Таимше Taimşe		Таиeчe·мше Taieçe·mşe	Таиeчe·мше’ан Taieçe·mşe’an	Таиeчeшꙑ·мше Taieçeşÿ·mşe	Таиeчeшꙑ·мше’ан Taieçeşÿ·mşe’an
		Plural exclusive	Таиeдꙑ·мде Taiedÿ·mde	Таиeдꙑ·мде’ан Taiedÿ·mde’an	Таимде Taimde		Таиeчe·мде Taieçe·mde·	Таиeчe·мде’ан Taieçe·mde’an	Таиeчeшꙑ·мде Taieçeşÿ·mde	Таиeчeшꙑ·мде’ан Taieçeşÿ·mde’an
		Plural inclusive	Таиeдꙑ·мшеде Taiedÿm·şede	Таиeдꙑ·мшеде’ан Taiedÿ·mşede’an	Таимшеде Taimşede		Таиeчe·мшеде Taieçe·mşede	Таиeчe·мшеде’ан Taieçe·mşede’an	Таиeчeшꙑ·мшеде Taieçeşÿ·mşede	Таиeчeшꙑ·мшеде’ан Taieçeşÿ·mşede’an
	2nd	Singular	Таиeдꙑ·ш Taiedÿ·ş	Таиeдꙑ·ш’ан Taiedÿ·ş’an	Таиш Taiş		Таиeчe·ш Taieçe·ş	Таиeчe·ш’ан Taieçe·ş’an	Таиeчeшꙑ·ш Taieçeşÿ·ş	Таиeчeшꙑ·ш’ан Taieçeşÿ·ş’an
		Paucal	Таиeдꙑ·ше Taiedÿ·şe	Таиeдꙑ·ше’ан Taiedÿ·şe’an	Таише Taişe		Таиeчe·ше Taieçe·şe	Таиeчe·ше’ан Taieçe·şe’an	Таиeчeшꙑ·ше Taieçeşÿ·şe	Таиeчeшꙑ·ше’ан Taieçeşÿ·şe’an
		Plural	Таиeдꙑ·шде Taiedÿ·şde	Таиeдꙑ·шде’ан Taiedÿ·şde’an	Таишде Taişde		Таиeчe·шде Taieçe·şde	Таиeчe·шде’ан Taieçe·şde’an	Таиeчeшꙑшде Taieçeşÿşde	Таиeчeшꙑ·шде’ан Taieçeşÿş·de’an
	3d	Singular	Таиeдꙑ·й Taiedÿ·y	Таиeдꙑ·й’ан Taiedÿ·y’an	Таийи Taiyi		Таиeчe·й Taieçe·y	Таиeчe·й’ан Taieçe·y’an	Таиeчeшꙑ·й Taieçeşÿ·y	Таиeчeшꙑ·й’ан Taieçeşÿ·y’an
		Paucal	Таиeдꙑ·ԙ Taiedÿ·ye	Таиeдꙑ·ԙ’ан Taiedÿ·ye’an	Таиԙ Taiy		Таиeчe·ԙ Taieçe·ye	Таиeчe·ԙ’ан Taieçe·ye’an	Таиeчeшꙑ·ԙ Taieçeşÿ·ye	Таиeчeшꙑ·ԙ’ан Taieçeşÿ·ye’an
		Plural	Таиeдꙑ·дԙ Taiedÿ·dye	Таиeдꙑ·дԙ’ан Taiedÿ·dye’an	Таидԙ Taidye		Таиeчe·дԙ Taieçe·dye	Таиeчe·дԙ’ан Taieçe·dye’an	Таиeчeшꙑ·дԙ Taieçeşÿ·dye	Таиeчeшꙑ·дԙ’ан Taieçeşÿ·dye’an
Imperative	All	Singular			Таиeдзe Taiedze		Таиeдзeтe Taiedzete
		Paucal			Таиeдзeл Taiedzel		Таиeдзeлтe Taiedzelte
		Plural			Таиeдзeдe Taiedzede		Таиeдзeдeтe Taiedzedete

Note: Vowels that follow vowel harmony are highlighted in a dark blue color

Pronouns+Be

Qazhshavan has the feature of pronounse mixed with the verb "be":

Person	Number	+be	+NEG-be	+will-be	+will-NEG-be
1st	Singular	Яме Yame	Нꙑяме Nÿyame	Ямече Yameçe	Нꙑямече Nÿyameçe
	Paucal exclusive	Меирече Meireçe	Нимеирече Nimeireçe	Меирече Meireçe	Нимеирече Nimeireçe
	Paucal inclusive	Мешир Meşir	Нимешир Nimeşir	Меширече Meşireçe	Нимеширече Nimeşireçe
	Plural exclusive	Медир Medir	Нимедир Nimedir	Медирече Medireçe	Нимедирече Nimedireçe
	Plural inclusive	Мешдир Meşdir	Нимешдир Nimeşdir	Мешдирече Meşdireçe	Нимешдирече Nimeşdireçe
2nd	Singular	Шир Şir	Нишир Nişir	Ширече Şireçe	Ниширече Nişireçe
	Paucal	Шеир Şeir	Нишеир Nişeir	Шеирече Şeireçe	Нишеирече Nişeireçe
	Plural	Шедир Şedir	Нишедир Nişedir	Шедирече Şedireçe	Нишедирече Nişedireçe
3d	Singular Masculine & Neuter	Ойир Oyir	Нуйир Nuyir	Ойирече Oyireçe	Нуйирече Nuyireçe
	Singular Feminine	Айир Ayir	Нꙑйир Nÿyir	Айирече Ayireçe	Нꙑйирече Nÿyireçe
	Paucal	Алер Aler	Нꙑлер Nÿler	Алерече Alereçe	Нꙑлерече Nÿlereçe
	Plural	Алдер Alder	Нꙑлдер Nÿlder	Алдерече Aldereçe	Нꙑлдерече Nÿldereçe

Negation

The present and Past tenses get the simpler negation prefix, and the Future tense get the more complex one.

Past & Present	Future & Future in the past
Нө-<word> Nö-<word>	Налъ-<word> Naľ-<word>
Examples
Нөтаим Nötaim	Налътаиечем Naľtaieçem
I'm not running i don't run	I'm not going to run
Нөтаиедꙑш Nötaiadÿş	Налътаиечешꙑш Naľtaieçeşÿş
You didn't run	You weren't going to run
Нөтаиедзе Nötaiedze	Налътаиедзете Naľtaiedzete
Don't run	Don't run later

Note: the past/present negation form is also used for adjectives and adverbs.

Affix order

The order of how words are formed with affixes:

Noun affix order
Word	-Possessive	-Plurality	-Case/Adjective	-Definit	-Question

Verb affix order
Negation-	Word	-Tense	-Person~Number		-Perfective	-Question

Numbers

Qazhshavan is a Decimal language, meaning it has a base 10 number system.

Literally translated "12" is "1 on (top of) 12", and 21 is "1 on (top of) 2-10" and so on.

Number	Number (-)	Number term (Qazhshavan)		Number	Number (-)	Number term (Qazhshavan)		Number	Number (-)	Number term (Qazhshavan)		Number	Number (-)	Number term (Qazhshavan)		Number	Number (-)	Number term (Qazhshavan)		Number	Number (-)	Number term (Qazhshavan)
1		Атꙑл Atÿl		11		Атꙑлнеми Atÿlnemi		10		Ен En		101		Атꙑл-шехеми Atÿl-şehemi		100		Шех Şeh		1000		Огил Ogil
2		Кайꙑ Kayÿ		12		Кайꙑнеми Kayÿnemi		20		Кайꙑен Kayÿen		21		Атꙑл-кайꙑенми Atÿl-kayÿenemi		200		Кайꙑшех Kayÿşeh		2000		Кайꙑогил Kayÿogil
3		Балꙑ Balÿ		13		Балꙑнеми Balÿnemi		30		Балꙑен Balÿen		31		Атꙑл-балꙑенеми Atÿl-balÿenemi		300		Балꙑшех Balÿşeh		3000		Балꙑогил Balÿogil
4		Кулун Kulun		14		Кулуннеми Kulunnemi		40		Кулунен Kulunen		41		Атꙑл-кулунеми Atÿl-kulunemi		400		Кулуншех Kulunşeh		4000		Кулуногил Kulunogil
5		Боўгꙑ Bowgÿ		15		Боўгꙑнеми Bowgÿnemi		50		Боўгꙑeн Bowgÿen		51		Атꙑл-боўгꙑенеми Atÿl-bowgÿenemi		500		Боўгꙑшех Bowgÿşeh		5000		Боўгꙑогил Bowgÿogil
6		Алшꙑ Alşÿ		16		Алшꙑнеми Alşÿnemi		60		Алшꙑен Alşÿ-En		61		Атꙑл-алшꙑенеми Atÿl-alşÿenemi		600		Алшꙑшех Alşÿşeh		6000		Алшꙑогил Alşÿogil
7		Сувун Suvun		17		Сувуннеми Suvunnemi		70		Сувунен Suvunen		71		Атꙑл-сувуненеми Atÿl-Suvunenemmi		700		Сувуншех Suvunşeh		7000		Сувуногил Suvunogil
8		Ненте Nente		18		Нентенеми Nentenemi		80		Нентеен Nenteen		81		Атꙑл-нентенеми Atÿl-nentenemi		800		Нентешех Nenteşeh		8000		Нентеогил Nenteogil
9		Талꙑ Talÿ		19		Талꙑнеми Talÿnemi		90		Талꙑен Talÿen		91		Атꙑл-талꙑенеми Atÿl-talÿenemi		900		Талꙑшех Talÿşeh		9000		Талꙑогил Talÿogil

Questions

Yes-No type

Qazhshavan forms Yes and No questions with a quesiton suffix:

Queastion affix
-ꙑ/ÿ- type Harmony	-и/i- type Harmony	-у/u- tupe Harmony
<word>-кꙑ <word>-kÿ	<word>-ки <word>-ki	<word>-ку <word>-ku
Examples
Гаяшкꙑ Gayaşkÿ	Таишки Taişki	Боўшку Bowşku
Are you Fishing?	Are you Running?	Are you Shooting?
Яген’ꙑкꙑ? Yagen’ÿkÿ?	Кучԙ’хъеки? Kuçeye’hheki?	Көсуку? Kösuku?
Inside the House?	Neer the dogs?	a Cat?
Таиш ягaж’гакꙑ? Taiş yagaj'gakÿ?	Ԙечешки aйꙑ? Yeeçeşki ayÿ?	Шир дуску? Şir dusku?
You're running from/out of the house?	Are you going to see her?	Are you okay/good?

Wh- type

"Wh- type" questions are pretty straight forward, as they just add another word to the mix.

Dialects

Meadow

The meadow dialect, sometimes refered to as Mezhian, is the standart form of the Qazhshavan langauge. It is nativly spoken in the plains of the Mezhia, Nohchat regions in Qazhshava.

Hill

The hill dialect is the dialect spoken by people in the Mingidagh mountains, primarily Lakkathans, Southern Kodins, and Qazhshavans living in the area. It is known for having a harsher speech.

General paterns in the Hill dialect:

• Vowels are more rounded.
• Unstressed vowels get centralized.
• The /j/ in я/ya,ю/yu,ԙ/ye is silent after a consonant.
• /q/ - /kʰ/.
• Vowel+й/y resaults in a long vowel.
• o and у/u become /o/ and /ʊ/ after Velar, Uvilar and Epiglottal consonants.

Sample text
Qazhshavan Cyrillic	Ꙑтайм тꙑ, лакадaнa’хъa, ен киўометꙑрада’хъа Мучанечеж, Тичканяшан.
Qazhshavan Latin	Ÿtaym tý, lakadana’hha, en kiwometÿrada’hha Muçaneçej, Tiçkanyaşan.
Standart IPA	/ɤtɛjm tɤ ˈla.ka.da.na.ħa ɛn ki.wɔ.mɛ.tɤ.ɾa.da.ħa muˈt͡ʃa.nɛ.t͡ʃɛʒ tit͡ʃˈka.nja.ʃan/
Hill IPA	/ɤ̹tɛ̹ːm tʌ ˈla̹.ka̹.da̹.na̹.ħa̹ ɛ̹n ki̹.wɔ.mɛ̹.tɤ̹.ɾa̹.da̹.ħa̹ muˈt͡ʃa̹.nɛ̹.t͡ʃɛ̹ʒ ti̹t͡ʃˈka.na̹.ʃa̹n/
Common	I live there, in the mountains, ten kilometers away from Much'anech, in Tichkanyash

Nashean

Nashean Qazhshavan, commonly just Nashean, is a dialect spoken in and around the region of Nashe, Riamo, it is a resault of settlers left over from colonial times, it's has Phonetic influence from the Riamese langauge spoken there and many loanwords.

Sample text

Poem: Qal-Hhan River - Поема: Лок Къал-Хъан - Poema: Lok Qal-Hhan
-
in Common:	-	in Qazhshavan: (Govoric)	-	in Qazhshavan: (Latin)
The waters of the Qal-Hhan will continue to flow,	-	Къал-Хъанас луада’хъa саяхачадԙ къундед,	-	Qal-Hhanas luada’hha sayahaçadye qunded,
they'll continue to hit the rocks,	-	аледе саяхачадԙ кайедe’хъе бундед,	-	alede sayahаçаdye kayede’hhe bunded,
there will continue to be lots of fish and frogs,	-	саяхачадԙ адав гада е жабада ирдед,	-	sayahаçаdye adav gada e jabada irded,
and the floods will also be filled.	-	е луледе дууречедԙ’ан.	-	e lulede duureçedye’an.
-
		Old Mokhaic script: