Lozhai language
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Qazhshavan Mezhian-Qazhshavan | |
---|---|
Маръа Гԙл, Маръашла Mar̈a Gyel, Mar̈aşla | |
Pronunciation | [ˈma.r̝̊a ɣjæ̝l] [ˈma.r̝̊a.ʃla̽] |
Native to | Qazhshava |
Region | Southern Thuadia |
Native speakers | 85 million (2018) |
Mokhaic
| |
Early form | Middle Qazhshavan
|
Standard forms | Mezhian (Qazhshava)
Nashean/Riamese (Riamo)
|
Dialects |
|
Official status | |
Official language in | Qazhshava |
Regulated by | Qazhshavan Council of Languages |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | qz |
ISO 639-2 | qzs |
ISO 639-3 | qzs |
Glottolog | qazh1331 [1] |
Distribution of the language Absolute majority >35% native speakers | |
Qazhshavan (Qazhshavan: Маръа Гел, Mar̈a Gel [ˈma.r̝̊a ɣɛl] ; Маръашла, Mar̈aşla [ˈma.r̝̊a.ʃla̽] ) is a unique langauge spoken in Southern Thuadia, primarily in the Qazhshavan Federation and adjacent areas. It is the only major language in the Mokhaic language family, and the most spoken.
Qazhshavan is also the main language of some areas of Western Thrismari, being notable the case of Nashe, a former colony of Qazhshava and current federal subject of Riamo where the language constitutes a major part of local culture. It is also an important factor that has contributed towards the pro-independentist movement in the region.
Basic information
Qazhshavan is a Pro-Drop agglutinative SVO language with a moderately complex syllable structure, it puts adjectives before nouns and has postpositions. It has a high number of cases (12~14) compared to its neighbors and shares very little grammar with them. The language is neutorious with its long words.
Writing system
Qazhshavan has 3 official writing systems, of which the Govoric one dominates, it also has an unnoficial verion of it's Latin alphabet which is used mainly by people outside of qazhshava or ones who aren't able to type the special characters. The Traditional Qazhshavan script is used mainly in official documents, not so much in the daily life, but it is kept allive. There is also a Protopolyash version used by people living in areas such as parts of Mustelaria in which the langauges use it.
А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ж ж | З з | И и |
Й й | К к | Къ къ | Л л | Лъ лъ | М м | Н н | О о | Ө ө |
П п | Р р | Ръ ръ | С с | Т т | У у | Ў ў | Ф ф | Х х |
Хъ хъ | Ц ц | Дз дз | Ч ч | Дж.дж | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ь ь |
Ꙑ ꙑ | Ы ы | Ю ю | Я я | Ԙ ԙ |
A a | B b | C c | Ç ç | D d | Ḑ ḑ | E e | F f | G g |
H h | Hh hh | I i | J j | K k | L l | Ľ ľ | M m | N n |
O o | Ö ö | P p | Q q | R r | R̈ r̈ | S s | Ş ş | T t |
Ț ț | U u | V v | W w | X x | Y y | Ý ý | Ÿ ÿ | Z z |
- version | Govoric version |
Latin version |
Protopolyash version |
IPA Symbol |
Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Offical | Unofficial | |||||
А а | A a | Ⲁ ⲁ | /a~ɑ/ | |||
Б б | B b | ⲂⲂ ⲃⲃ | /b/ | |||
В в | V v | Ⲃ ⲃ | /v/ | |||
Г г | G g | Ⲅ ⲅ | /ɣ/ | It can get pronounced as /g/ in foreing word and/or when its doubled or in a stressed syllable | ||
Д д | D d | Ⲇ ⲇ | /d/ | |||
Е е | E e | Ⲉ ⲉ | /ɛ/ | |||
Ж ж | J j | Ϧ ϧ | /ʒ/ | |||
З з | Z z | Ⲍ ⲍ | /z/ | |||
И и | I i | Ⲏ ⲏ | /i~ɨ/ | When its before a vowel it gets pronounced as /ij/ | ||
Й й | Y y | Ⲓ ⲓ | /j/ | Used after vowels and as first letter | ||
К к | K k | Ⲕ ⲕ | /k/ | |||
Къ къ | Q q | Ⲕⲋ ⲕⲋ | /q/ | |||
Л л | L l | Ⲗ ⲗ | /l/ | |||
Лъ лъ | Ľ ľ | Lh lh | Ⲗⲋ ⲗⲋ | /l̥~ɬ/ | ||
М м | M m | Ⲙ ⲙ | /m/ | |||
Н н | N n | Ⲛ ⲛ | /n(ŋ)/ | it gets pronounced as /ŋ/ when its followed by a velar or uvelar consonant | ||
О о | O o | Ⲟ ⲟ | /ɔ/ | |||
Ө ө | Ö ö | Oe oe | Ⲱ ⲱ | /ø̞/ | ||
П п | P p | Ⲡ ⲡ | /p/ | |||
Р р | R r | Ⲣ ⲣ | /ɾ/ | |||
Ръ ръ | R̈ r̈ | Rh rh | Ⳁ ⳁ | /r̝̊/ | ||
С с | S s | Ⲥ ⲥ | /s/ | |||
Т т | T t | Ⲧ ⲧ | /t/ | |||
У у | U u | Ⲩ ⲩ | /u~ʊ/ | It gets pronounsed as /wu~wʊ/ after a vowel | ||
Ў ў | W w | Ⲯ ⲯ | /w/ | |||
Ф ф | F f | Ⲫ ⲫ | /f/ | |||
Х х | H h | Ⲭ ⲭ | /x/ | |||
Хъ хъ | Hh hh | Ϥ ϥ | /ħ/ | |||
Ц ц | Ț ț | Ts ts | Ϯ ϯ | /t͡s/ | ||
Дз дз | Ḑ ḑ | Dz dz | ϮϮ ϯϯ | /d͡z/ | ||
Ч ч | Ç ç | Ch ch | Ϭ ϭ | /t͡ʃ/ | ||
Дж дж | C c | Ϫ ϫ | /d͡ʒ/ | |||
Ш ш | Ş ş | Sh sh | Ϣ ϣ | /ʃ/ | ||
Щ щ | Şt şt | Sht sht | Ϣⲧ ϣⲧ | // | ||
Ъ ъ | - | Ⲋ ⲋ | - | Used as an add on character in digraphs | ||
Ь ь | Y y | Ⲓ ⲓ | /◌ʲ/ | Used only after consonants | ||
Ꙑ ꙑ | Ÿ ÿ | Yh yh | Ⳉ ⳉ | /ɤ~ɯ/ | ||
Ы ы | Ý ý | Ϩ ϩ | /i~ɨ/ | Used only in foreign words | ||
Ю ю | Yu yu | Ü ü * | ⲒⲨ ⲓⲩ | /ju/ | ||
Я я | Ya ya | Ä ä * | ⲒⲀ ⲓⲁ | /ja/ | ||
Ԙ ԙ | Ye ye | Ë ë * | ⲒⲈ ⲓⲉ | /jɛ~jæ̝/ /ɛ~æ̝/ |
Pronounciation varies thourghout speakers | |
Кс кс | X x Ks ks |
Ⲝ ⲝ | /ju/ | The latin 'X x' is used only in foreign words |
Orthography
wip
Phonology
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Uvelar | Epiglottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ŋ) | ||||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | q | ||||
voiced | b | d | (ɡ) | ||||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||||
voiced | d͡z | d͡ʒ | |||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x | ħ | |||
voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ | |||||
Aproximant | voiceless | l̥~ɬ | |||||||
voiced | w | l | j | ||||||
Tap & Trill | voiceless | r̝̊ | |||||||
voiced | ɾ |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i~ɨ | u~ʊ ɤ~ɯ | |
Mid | ø̞ | ||
Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a~ɑ |
Pronouns
Qazhshavan has basic pronouns that one would find in Common, but has 2 forms of "we" (inclusive and exclusive) as well as the 12 cases:
Translation to Common | Person and number | Nom. | Acc. | Dat. | Gen. | Ine. | Ade. | Supe. | Sube. | Ill. | Ela. | Ben. | Voc. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I, Me | First | Singular | Ԙм Yem |
Ԙми Yemi |
Ԙмити Yemiti |
Мей Mey |
Ԙмне Yemne |
Мꙑԙ Mÿye |
Ԙмеми Yememi |
Ԙмемөш Yememöş |
Ԙмдже Yemce |
Ԙмеж Yemej |
Ԙмек Yemek |
|
You, Your | Second | Шин Şin |
Шини Şini |
Шинити Şiniti |
Ший Şiy |
Шинне Şinne |
Шꙑԙ Şÿye |
Шинеми Şinemi |
Шинемөш Şinemöş |
Шиндже Şince |
Шинеж Şinej |
Шинек Şinek |
Ши'! Şi'! | |
He, him | Third | Ой Oy |
Ойꙑ Oyÿ |
Ойꙑти Oyÿti |
Ойин Oyin |
Ойни Oyni |
Ойо Oyo |
Ойеми Oyemi |
Ойемөш Oyemöş |
Ойдже Oyce |
Ойеж Oyej |
Ойек Oyek |
||
She, her | Ай Ay |
Айꙑ Ayÿ |
Айꙑти Ayÿti |
Айин Ayin |
Айни Ayni |
Ая Aya |
Аями Ayami |
Аямөш Ayamöş |
Айджа Ayca |
Аяж Ayaj |
Аяк Ayak |
|||
It | Лꙑ Lÿ |
Ойꙑ Oyÿ |
Ойꙑти Oyÿti |
Ойин Oyin |
Ойни Oyni |
Ойо Oyo |
Ойеми Oyemi |
Ойемөш Oyemöş |
Ойдже Oyce |
Ойеж Oyej |
Ойек Oyek |
|||
Myself | First | Ԙмлꙑл Yemlÿl |
Ԙмлꙑли Yemlÿli |
Ԙмлꙑлити Yemlÿliti |
Мейлꙑл Meylÿl |
Ԙмлꙑлне Yemlÿlne |
Мꙑлꙑлԙ Mÿlÿlye |
Ԙмлꙑлеми Yemlÿlemi |
Ԙмлꙑлемөш Yemlÿlemöş |
Ԙмлꙑлдже Yemlÿlce |
Ԙмлꙑлеж Yemlÿlej |
Ԙмлꙑлек Yemlÿlek |
||
Yourselves | Second | Шинлꙑл Şinlÿl |
Шинлꙑли Şinlÿli |
Шинлꙑлити Şinlÿliti |
Шийлꙑл Şiylÿl |
Шинлꙑлне Şinlÿlne |
Шꙑлꙑлԙ Şÿlÿlye |
Шинлꙑлеми Şinlÿlemi |
Шинлꙑлемөш Şinlÿlemöş |
Шинлꙑлдже Şinlÿlce |
Шинлꙑлеж Şinlÿlej |
Шинлꙑлек Şinlÿlek |
||
Himself | Thirds | Ойлꙑл Oylÿl |
Ойлꙑлꙑ Oylÿlÿ |
Ойлꙑлꙑти Oylÿlÿti |
Ойлꙑлин Oylÿlin |
Ойлꙑлни Oylÿlni |
Ойлꙑло Oylÿlo |
Ойлꙑлеми Oylÿlemi |
Ойлꙑлемөш Oylÿlemöş |
Ойлꙑлдже Oylÿlce |
Ойлꙑлеж Oylÿlej |
Ойлꙑлек Oylÿlek |
||
Herself | Thirds | Айлꙑл Aylÿl |
Айлꙑлꙑ Aylÿlÿ |
Айлꙑлꙑти Aylÿlÿti |
Айлꙑлин Aylÿlin |
Айлꙑлни Aylÿlni |
Айлꙑлаа Aylÿla |
Айлꙑлами Aylÿlami |
Айлꙑламөш Aylÿlamöş |
Айлꙑлджа Aylÿlca |
Айлꙑлаж Aylÿlaj |
Айлꙑлак Aylÿlak |
||
Itself | Thirds | Лꙑлꙑл Lÿlÿl |
Ойлꙑлꙑ Oylÿlÿ |
Ойлꙑлꙑти Oylÿlÿti |
Ойлꙑлин Oylÿlin |
Ойлꙑлни Oylÿlni |
Ойлꙑло Oylÿlo |
Ойлꙑлеми Oylÿlemi |
Ойлꙑлемөш Oylÿlemöş |
Ойлꙑлдже Oylÿlce |
Ойлꙑлеж Oylÿlej |
Ойлꙑлек Oylÿlek |
||
We, us (Exclusive) |
First | Paucal (Formal) |
Меԙ Meye |
Мейи Meyi |
Мейити Meyiti |
Меръи Mer̈i |
Мейне Meyne |
Най Nay |
Меԙми Meyemi |
Меԙмөш Meyemöş |
Мейдже Meyce |
Меԙж Meyej |
Меԙк Meyek |
|
We, us (Inclusive) |
Мейше Meyşe |
Мейши Meyşi |
Мейшити Meyşiti |
Мешеръи Meşer̈i |
Мейшне Meyşne |
Найш Nayş |
Мейшеми Meyşemi |
Мейшемөш Meyşemöş |
Мейшдже Meyşce |
Мейшеж Meyşej |
Мейшек Meyşek |
|||
You (plr.) | Second | Шеԙ Şeye |
Шейи Şeyi |
Шейити Şeyiti |
Шеръи Şer̈i |
Шейне Şeyne |
Шай Şay |
Шеԙми Şeyemi |
Шеԙмөш Şeyemöş |
Шейдже Şeyce |
Шеԙж Şeyej |
Шеԙк Şeyek |
Шеԙ! Şeye! | |
They, them | Third | Але Ale |
Али Ali |
Алити Aliti |
Алеръе Aler̈e |
Алени Aleni |
Алай Alay |
Алеми Alemi |
Алемөш Alemöş |
Алдже Alce |
Алеж Alej |
Алек Alek |
||
Ourselves (exclusive) |
First | Меԙлꙑл Meyelÿl |
Мейлꙑли Meylÿli |
Мейлꙑлити Meylÿliti |
Мелꙑлръи Melÿlr̈i |
Мейлꙑлне Meylÿlne |
Найлꙑл Naylÿl |
Мейлꙑлеми Meylÿlemi |
Мейлꙑлемөш Meylÿlemöş |
Мейлꙑлдже Meylÿlce |
Мейлꙑлеж Meylÿlej |
Мейлꙑлек Meylÿlek |
||
Ourselves (inclusive) |
First | Мейшелꙑл Meyşelÿl |
Мейшлꙑли Meyşlÿli |
Мейшлꙑлити Meyşlÿliti |
Мешлꙑлеръи Meşlÿler̈i |
Мейшлꙑлне Meyşlÿlne |
Найшлꙑл Nayşlÿl |
Мейшлꙑлеми Meyşlÿlemi |
Мейшлꙑлемөш Meyşlÿlemöş |
Мейшлꙑлдже Meyşlÿlce |
Мейшлꙑлеж Meyşlÿlej |
Мейшлꙑлек Meyşlÿlek |
||
Yourselves | Second | Шеԙлꙑл Şeyelÿl |
Шейлꙑли Şeylÿli |
Шейлꙑлити Şeylÿliti |
Шелꙑлръи Şelÿlr̈i |
Шейлꙑлне Şeylÿlne |
Шайлꙑл Şaylÿl |
Шейлꙑлеми Şeylÿlemi |
Шейлꙑлемөш Şeylÿlemöş |
Шейлꙑлдже Şeylÿlce |
Шейлꙑлеж Şeylÿlej |
Шейлꙑлек Şeylÿlek |
||
Themselves | Thirds | Алелꙑл Alelÿl |
Аллꙑли Allÿli |
Аллꙑлити Allÿliti |
Алелꙑлръе Alelÿlr̈e |
Алелꙑлни Alelÿlni |
Алалꙑлй Alalÿly |
Алелꙑлми Alelÿlmi |
Алелꙑлмөш Alelÿlmöş |
Аллꙑлдже Allÿlce |
Аллꙑлеж Allÿlej |
Аллꙑлек Allÿlek |
||
We, us (exclusive) |
First | PLural | Мейде Meyde |
Мейди Meydi |
Мейдити Meyditi |
Меръиди Mer̈idi |
Мейдене Meydene |
Надай Naday |
Мейдеми Meydemi |
Мейдемөш Meydemöş |
Мейдедже Meydece |
Мейдеж Meydej |
Мейдек Meydek |
|
We, us (Inclusive) |
Мейшде Meyşde |
Мейшди Meyşdi |
Мейшдити Meyşditi |
Мешеръиди Meşer̈idi |
Мейшдене Meyşdene |
Надайш Nadayş |
Мейшдеми Meyşdemi |
Мейшдемөш Meyşdemöş |
Мейшдедже Meyşdece |
Мейшдеж Meyşdej |
Мейшдек Meyşdek |
|||
You (plr.) | Second | Шейде Şeyde |
Шейди Şeydi |
Шейдити Şeyditi |
Шеръиди Şer̈idi |
Шейдене Şeydene |
Шадай Şaday |
Шейдеми Şeydemi |
Шейдемөш Şeydemöş |
Шейдедже Şeydece |
Шейдеж Şeydej |
Шейдек Şeydek |
Шейде! Şeyde! | |
They, them | Third | Аледе Aledе |
Алиди Alidi |
Алидити Aliditi |
Алеръедв Aler̈ede |
Алдени Aldeni |
Алдай Alday |
Алдеми Aldemi |
Алдемөш Aldemöş |
Алдедже Aldece |
Алдеж Aldej |
Алдек Aldek |
||
Ourselves (exclusive) |
First | Мейделꙑл Meydlÿle |
Мейдлꙑли Meydlÿli |
Мейдлꙑлити Meydlÿliti |
Мелꙑлръиди Melÿlr̈idi |
Мейдлꙑлене Meydlÿlene |
Надлꙑлай Nadlÿlay |
Мейдлꙑлеми Meydlÿlemi |
Мейдлꙑлемөш Meydlÿlemöş |
Мейдлꙑледже Meydlÿlece |
Мейдлꙑлеж Meydlÿlej |
Мейдлꙑлек Meydlÿlek |
||
Ourselves (inclusive) |
First | Мейшделꙑл Meyşdelÿl |
Мейшдлꙑли Meyşdlÿli |
Мейшдлꙑлити Meyşdlÿliti |
Мешелꙑлръиди Meşelÿlr̈idi |
Мейшдлꙑлене Meyşdlÿlene |
Надлꙑлайш Nadlÿlayş |
Мейшдлꙑлеми Meyşdlÿlemi |
Мейшдлꙑлемөш Meyşdlÿlemöş |
Мейшдлꙑледже Meyşdlÿlece |
Мейшдлꙑлеж Meyşdlÿlej |
Мейшдлꙑлек Meyşdlÿlek |
||
Yourselves | Second | Шейделꙑл Şeydelÿl |
Шейдлꙑли Şeydlÿli |
Шейдлꙑлити Şeydlÿliti |
Шелꙑлръиди Şelÿlr̈idi |
Шейдлꙑлене Şeydlÿlene |
Шадлꙑлай Şadlÿlay |
Шейдлꙑлеми Şeydlÿlemi |
Шейдлꙑлемөш Şeydlÿlemöş |
Шейдлꙑледже Şeydlÿlece |
Шейдлꙑлеж Şeydlÿlej |
Шейдлꙑлек Şeydlÿlek |
||
Themselves | Thirds | Аледелꙑл Aledеlÿl |
Алидлꙑли Alidlÿli |
Алидлꙑлити Alidlÿliti |
Алелꙑлръедв Alelÿlr̈ede |
Алдлꙑлени Aldlÿleni |
Алдлꙑлай Aldlÿlay |
Алдлꙑлеми Aldlÿlemi |
Алдлꙑлемөш Aldlÿlemöş |
Алдлꙑледже Aldlÿlece |
Алдлꙑлеж Aldlÿlej |
Алдлꙑлек Aldlÿlek |
Nouns
Gender and Vowel harmony
3 grammatical genders: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter The gender system in Qazhshavan resepmbles the one found in the Varnolan.
- Maculine are all words ending in: Consonants (including semivowels ⟨ў/w⟩⟨й/y⟩ )
- Feminine are all words ending in: ⟨a⟩ ⟨ꙑ/ÿ⟩ ⟨o⟩ (⟨я/ya⟩)
- Neuter are all words ending in: ⟨и/i⟩ ⟨e⟩ ⟨ө/ö⟩ ⟨y/u⟩ ⟨ы/ý⟩ (⟨ю/yu⟩)
(note: Masculine words still can follow feminine vowel harmony depending on the last vowel)
simple harmony: Used in most suffixes words with the last vowel being part of the Feminine vowels (⟨a⟩ ⟨ꙑ/ÿ⟩ ⟨o⟩ ⟨я/ya⟩) get the vowel -a- words with the last vowel being part of the Neuter vowels (⟨и/i⟩ ⟨e⟩ ⟨ө/ö⟩ ⟨y/u⟩ ⟨ы/ý⟩ ⟨ю/yu⟩) get the vowel -e-
complex harmony: Used in possessive, question and negation affixes words with the last vowel being: ⟨а⟩ ⟨ꙑ/ÿ⟩ (⟨я/ya⟩); get the vowel -ꙑ- words with the last vowel being: ⟨и/i⟩ ⟨е⟩ ⟨ы/ý⟩; get the vowel -и- words with the last vowel being: ⟨о⟩ ⟨у/u⟩ ⟨ө/ö⟩ (⟨ю/yu⟩); get the vowel -у-
Grammatical Number
Qazhshavan has 3 grammatical numbers:
- Singular: used for when there is exaclty 1 of the object
- Paucal: used for small unspecified numbers of the object (i.e 3~20, depending on the object)
- Plural: used for specified or a lot of unspecified numbers of the object
Examples:
- Singular: Дим (атꙑл) куч - Dim (atÿl) kuç - i have a(/one) dog.
- Paucal: Дим кучел - Dim kuçel - i have a few dog.
- Plural: Дим кучеде - Dim kuçede - i have many dog.
Grammatical Cases
Qazhshavan has 12 grammatical cases.
- Nominative: Subject
- Accusative: Interract with the Subject (hear, hit, harm...)
- Dative: to the Subject
- Genitive: Possesed by the Subject
- Inessive: In/Inside the Subject
- Adessive: Neer by the Subject
- Superessive: On top of the Subject
- Subessive: Under the Subject
- Illative: Moving into the Subject
- Elative: Moving out of / from the Subject
- Benefactial: for the Subject
- Vocative: calling the Subject
It also has the suffixes for making nouns into Adjectives adn Adverbs.
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Куч/Kuç - Dog | Калъа/Кaľa - Young Woman | Жате/Jate - Hat | |||||||
Singular | Paucal | Plural | Singular | Paucal | Plural | Singular | Paucal | Plural | |
Indefinite | |||||||||
Nominative | Куч Kuç |
Кучeл Kuçel |
Кучeде Kuçede |
Калъа Кaľa |
Калъал Кaľal |
Калъадa Кaľada |
Жате Jate |
Жател Jatel |
Жатедe Jatede |
Accusative | Куче Kuçe |
Кучeлe Kuçele |
Кучeди Kuçeli |
Калъат Кaľat |
Калъалa Кaľala |
Калъадя Кaľadya |
Жатет Jatet |
Жателe Jatele |
Жатеди Jatedi |
Dative | Кучeти Kuçeti |
Кучлeти Kuçleti |
Кучeдeти Kuçedeti |
Калъати Кaľati |
Калъалaти Кaľalati |
Калъадaти Кaľadati |
Жатети Jateti |
Жателeти Jateleti |
Жатедeти Jatedeti |
Genitive | Кучeс Kuçes |
Кучeлъ Kuçeľ |
Кучeздe Kuçezde |
Калъас Кaľas |
Калъалъ Кaľaľ |
Калъаздa Кaľazda |
Жатес Jates |
Жателъ Jateľ |
Жатездe Jatezde |
Inessive | Кучeнe Kuçene |
Кучeл·нe Kuçel·ne |
Кучeдe·нe Kuçede·ne |
Калъанa Кaľana |
Калъал·нa Кaľal·na |
Калъадa·нa Кaľada·na |
Жатенe Jatene |
Жател·нe Jatel·ne |
Жатедe·нe Jatede·ne |
Adessive | Кучей Kuçey |
Кучeл·ԙ Kuçel·ye |
Кучeдe·й Kuçede·y |
Калъай Кaľay |
Калъал·я Кaľal·ya |
Калъадa·я Кaľada·ya |
Жатей Jatey |
Жател·ԙ Jatel·ye |
Жатедe·й Jatede·y |
Superessive | Кучeми Kuçemi |
Кучeл·ми Kuçel·mi |
Кучeдe·ми Kuçede·mi |
Калъами Кaľami |
Калъал·ми Кaľal·mi |
Калъадa·ми Кaľada·mi |
Жатеми Jatemi |
Жател·ми Jatel·mi |
Жатедe·ми Jatede·mi |
Subessive | Кучeмөш Kuçemöş |
Кучeл·мөш Kuçel·möş |
Кучeдe·мөш Kuçede·möş |
Калъамөш Кaľamöş |
Калъал·мөш Кaľal·möş |
Калъадa·мөш Кaľada·möş |
Жатемөш Jatemöş |
Жател·мөш Jatel·möş |
Жатедe·мөш Jatede·möş |
Illative | Кучeджe Kuçece |
Кучeл·дже Kuçel·ce |
Кучeдe·дже Kuçede·ce |
Калъаджa Кaľaca |
Калъал·джa Кaľal·ca |
Калъадa·джa Кaľada·ca |
Жатеджe Jatece |
Жател·джe Jatel·ce |
Жатедe·джe Jatede·ce |
Elative | Кучeж Kuçej |
Кучeл·eж Kuçel·ej |
Кучeдe·ж Kuçede·j |
Калъаж Кaľaj |
Калъал·aж Кaľal·aj |
Калъадa·ж Кaľada·j |
Жатеж Jatej |
Жател·eж Jatel·ej |
Жатедe·ж Jatede·j |
Benefactive | Кучeк Kuçek |
Кучeл·eк Kuçel·ek |
Кучeдe·к Kuçede·k |
Калъак Кaľak |
Калъал·aк Кaľal·ak |
Калъадa·к Кaľada·k |
Жатек Jatek |
Жател·eк Jatel·ek |
Жатедe·к Jatede·k |
Vocative | Куче! Kuçe! |
Кучел! Kuçel! |
Кучеде! Kuçede! |
Калъо! Каľao! |
Калъал! Кaľal! |
Калъада! Кaľada! |
Жате! Jate! |
Жател! Jatel! |
Жатеде! Jatede! |
Adjective | Кучeв Kuçev |
Кучeл·eв Kuçel·ev |
Кучeдe·в Kuçede·v |
Калъав Кaľav |
Калъал·aв Кaľal·av |
Калъадa·в Кaľada·v |
Жатев Jatev |
Жател·eв Jatel·ev |
Жатедe·в Jatede·v |
Adverb | Кучeх Kuçeh |
Кучeл·eх Kuçel·eh |
Кучeдe·х Kuçede·h |
Калъах Кaľah |
Калъал·aх Кaľal·ah |
Калъадa·х Кaľada·h |
Жатех Jateh |
Жател·eх Jatel·eh |
Жатедe·х Jatede·h |
Definite | |||||||||
Nominative | Куч’ꙑ Kuç’ÿ |
Кучeл’хъe Kuçel’hhe |
Кучeдe’хъe Kuçede’hhe |
Калъа’га Кaľa’ga |
Калъал’хъa Кaľal’hha |
Калъадa’хъa Кaľada’hha |
Жате’г Jate’g |
Жател’хъe Jatel’hhe |
Жатедe’хъe Jatede ’hhe |
Accusative | Куч’ө Kuç’ö |
Кучeлe’хъe Kuçele’hhe |
Кучeди’хъe Kuçedi’hhe |
Калъата Кaľata |
Калъалa’хъa Кaľala’hha |
Калъадя’хъa Кaľadya’hha |
Жате’т Jate’t |
Жателe’хъe Jatele’hhe |
Жатеди’хъe Jatedi’hhe |
Dative | Кучeти’ꙑ Kuçeti’ÿ |
Кучeлти’eхъe Kuçelti’ehhe |
Кучeдeти’хъe Kuçedeti’hhe |
Калъати’гa Кaľati·ga |
Kалъалaти’хъa Кaľalati’hha |
Калъадaти’хъa Кaľadati’hha |
Жатети’г Jateti’g |
Жателeти’eхъe Jateleti’ehhe |
Жатедeти’хъe Jatedeti’hhe |
Genitive | Кучeс’ꙑ Kuçes’ÿ |
Кучeлъ’eхъe Kuçeľ’ehhe |
Кучeздe’хъe Kuçezde’hhe |
Калъас’га Кaľas·ga |
Kалъалъ’aхъa Кaľaľ’ahha |
Калъаздa’хъa Кaľazda’hha |
Жатес’г Jates’g |
Жателъ’eхъe Jateľ’ehhe |
Жатездe’хъe Jatezde’hhe |
Inessive | Кучeн’ꙑ Kuçen’ÿ |
Кучeл·нe’хъe Kuçel·ne’hhe |
Кучeдe·нe’хъe Kuçede·ne’hhe |
Калъанa’га Кaľana’ga |
Калъал·нa’хъa Кaľal·na’hha |
Kалъадa·нa’хъa Кaľada·na’hha |
Жатенe’г Jatene’g’ |
Жател·нe’хъe Jatel·ne’hhe |
Жатедe·нe’хъe Jatede·ne’hhe |
Adessive | Кучeй’ꙑ Kuçey’ÿ |
Кучeл·ԙ’хъe Kuçel·ye’hhe |
Кучeдe·й’хъe Kuçede·y’hhe |
Калъая’га Кaľaya’ga |
Калъал·я’хъa Кaľal·ya’hha |
Калъадa·я’хъa Кaľada·ya’hha |
Жатеԙ’г Jateye’g |
Жател·ԙ’хъe Jatel·ye’hhe |
Жатедe·й’хъe Jatede·y’hhe |
Superessive | Кучeми’ꙑ Kuçemi’ÿ |
Кучeл·ми’хъe Kuçel·mi’hhe |
Кучeдe·ми’хъe Kuçede·mi’hhe |
Калъами’га Кaľami’ga |
Калъал·ми’aхъa Кaľal·mi’ahha |
Калъадa·ми’aхъa Кaľada·mi’ahha |
Жатеми’г Jatemi’g |
Жател·ми’хъe Jatel·mi’hhe |
Жатедe·ми’хъe Jatede·mi’hhe |
Subessive | Кучeмөш’ꙑ Kuçemöş’ÿ |
Кучeл·мөш’хъe Kuçel·emöş’hhe |
Кучeдe·мөш’хъe Kuçede·möş’hhe |
Калъамөш’га Кaľamöş’ga |
Калъал·мөш’хъa Кaľal·möş’hha |
Калъадa·мөш’хъa Кaľada·möş’hha |
Жатемөш’г Jatemöş’g |
Жател·мөш’хъe Jatel·möş’hhe |
Жатедe·мөш’хъe Jatede·möş’hhe |
Illative | Кучeджe’ꙑ Kuçece’ÿ |
Кучeл·джe’хъe Kuçel·ce’hhe |
Кучeдe·джe’хъe Kuçede·ce’hhe |
Калъаджa’га Кaľaca’ga |
Калъал·джa’хъa Кaľal·ca’hha |
Калъад·aджa’хъa Кaľada·ca’hha |
Жатеджe’г Jatece’g |
Жател·джe’хъe Jatel·ce’hhe |
Жатедe·джe’хъe Jatede·ce’hhe |
Elative | Кучeж’ꙑ Kuçej’ÿ |
Кучeл·eж’хъe Kuçel·ej’hhe |
Кучeде·ж’хъe Kuçede·j’hhe |
Калъаж’га Кaľaj’ga |
Калъал·aж’хъa Кaľal·aj’hha |
Калъадa·ж’хъa Кaľada·j’hha |
Жатеж’г Jatej’g |
Жател·eж’хъe Jatel·ej’hhe |
Жатедe·ж’хъe Jatede·j’hhe |
Benefactive | Кучeк’ꙑ Kuçek’ÿ |
Кучeл·eк’хъe Kuçel·ek’hhe |
Кучeдe·к’хъe Kuçede·k’hhe |
Калъак’га Кaľak’ga |
Калъал·aк’aхъa Кaľal·ak’ahha |
Калъадa·к’aхъa Кaľada·k’ahha |
Жатек’г Jatek’g |
Жател·eк’хъe Jatel·ek’hhe |
Жатедe·к’хъe Jatede·k’hhe |
Vocative | |||||||||
Adjective | Кучeв’ꙑ Kuçev’ÿ |
Кучeл·eв’хъe Kuçel·ev’hhe |
Кучeдe·в’хъe Kuçede·v’hhe |
Калъав’га Кaľav’ga |
Калъал·aв’хъa Кaľal·av’hha |
Калъадa·в’хъa Кaľada·v’hha |
Жатев’г Jatev’g |
Жател·eв’хъe Jatel·ev’hhe |
Жатедe·в’хъe Jatede·v’hhe |
Adverb | Кучeх’ꙑ Kuçeh’ÿ |
Кучeл·eх’хъe Kuçel·eh’hhe |
Кучeдe·х’хъe Kuçede·h’hhe |
Калъах’га Кaľah’ga |
Калъал·aх’aхъa Кaľal·ah’ahha |
Калъадa·х’aхъa Кaľada·h’ahha |
Жатех’г Jateh’g |
Жател·eх’eхъe Jatel·eh’ehhe |
Жатедe·х’eхъe Jatede·h’ehhe |
Note: the vowels that follow harmony are highlited in a dark blue color
Qazhshavan uses Comparison forms of Adjectives and Adverbs:
- Positive - Bassic form of the word- happy - шасив / şasiv
- Negative - Negation of the word - unhappy - нөшасив / nöşasiv
- Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something - happier - ю-шасив / yu-şasiv
- Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - happiest - я-шасив / ya-şasiv
- Augmentative - Form showing absolute position without a relative - ultimately happy - я-я-шасив / ya-ya-şasiv
Possesive suffixes
Qazhshavan has a number of Possessive suffixes that show to whom an object belongs too, though one can use the genitive form of a pronoun instead, and by doing so bringing more emphesis on the owner.
Person & number | Suffix | Examples | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Пал/Pal - oven | Енеш/Eneş - Shirt | Корт/Kort - Comb | |||
-ꙑ/ÿ- harmony | -и/i- harmony | -у/u- harmony | |||
1st | Singular | -(v)м/m | Палꙑм Palÿm |
Енешим Eneşim |
Кортум Kortum |
2nd | -(v)ш/ş | Палꙑш Palÿş |
Енешиш Eneşiş |
Кортуш Kortuş | |
3d M | -(v)йо/yo | Палꙑйо Palÿyo |
Енешийо Eneşiyo |
Кортуйо Kortuyo | |
3d F | -(v)йо/yo | Палꙑйa Palÿya |
Енешийa Eneşiya |
Кортуйa Kortuya | |
3d N | -(v)йо/yo | Палꙑйо Palÿyo |
Енешийо Eneşiyo |
Кортуйо Kortuyo | |
1st | Plural | -(v)меԙ/meye | Палꙑмеръ Palÿmer̈ |
Енешимеръ Eneşimer̈ |
Кортумеръ Kortumer̈ |
2nd | -(v)шеԙ/şeye | Палꙑшеръ Palÿşer̈ |
Енешишеръ Eneşişer̈ |
Кортушеръ Kortuşer̈ | |
3d | -(v)ле/le | Палꙑлеръ Palÿler̈ |
Енешилеръ Eneşiler̈ |
Кортулеръ Kortuler̈ |
Verbs
Tense-Aspect-Mood
Qazhshavan has 4 tenses and each has 2 aspects, and 2 moods:
Mood | Person | Number | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple | Perfect | Simple | Continious | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | |||
Indicative | 1st | Singular | Таиeдꙑ·м Taiedÿ·m |
Таиeдꙑ·м’ан Taiedÿ·m’an |
Таим Taim |
Таиeчe·м Taieçe·m |
Таиeчe·м’ан Taieçe·m’an |
Таиeчeшꙑ·м Taieçeşÿ·m |
Таиeчeшꙑ·м’ан Taieçeşÿ·m’an | |
Paucal exclusive |
Таиeдꙑ·ме Taiedÿ·me |
Таиeдꙑ·ме’ан Taiedÿ·me’an |
Таиме Taime |
Таиeчe·ме Taieçe·me |
Таиeчe·ме’ан Taieçe·me’an |
Таиeчeшꙑ·ме Taieçeşÿ·me |
Таиeчeшꙑ·ме’ан Taieçeşÿ·me’an | |||
Paucal inclusive |
Таиeдꙑ·мше Taiedÿ·mşe |
Таиeдꙑ·мше’ан Taiedÿ·mşe’an |
Таимше Taimşe |
Таиeчe·мше Taieçe·mşe |
Таиeчe·мше’ан Taieçe·mşe’an |
Таиeчeшꙑ·мше Taieçeşÿ·mşe |
Таиeчeшꙑ·мше’ан Taieçeşÿ·mşe’an | |||
Plural exclusive |
Таиeдꙑ·мде Taiedÿ·mde |
Таиeдꙑ·мде’ан Taiedÿ·mde’an |
Таимде Taimde |
Таиeчe·мде Taieçe·mde· |
Таиeчe·мде’ан Taieçe·mde’an |
Таиeчeшꙑ·мде Taieçeşÿ·mde |
Таиeчeшꙑ·мде’ан Taieçeşÿ·mde’an | |||
Plural inclusive |
Таиeдꙑ·мшеде Taiedÿm·şede |
Таиeдꙑ·мшеде’ан Taiedÿ·mşede’an |
Таимшеде Taimşede |
Таиeчe·мшеде Taieçe·mşede |
Таиeчe·мшеде’ан Taieçe·mşede’an |
Таиeчeшꙑ·мшеде Taieçeşÿ·mşede |
Таиeчeшꙑ·мшеде’ан Taieçeşÿ·mşede’an | |||
2nd | Singular | Таиeдꙑ·ш Taiedÿ·ş |
Таиeдꙑ·ш’ан Taiedÿ·ş’an |
Таиш Taiş |
Таиeчe·ш Taieçe·ş |
Таиeчe·ш’ан Taieçe·ş’an |
Таиeчeшꙑ·ш Taieçeşÿ·ş |
Таиeчeшꙑ·ш’ан Taieçeşÿ·ş’an | ||
Paucal | Таиeдꙑ·ше Taiedÿ·şe |
Таиeдꙑ·ше’ан Taiedÿ·şe’an |
Таише Taişe |
Таиeчe·ше Taieçe·şe |
Таиeчe·ше’ан Taieçe·şe’an |
Таиeчeшꙑ·ше Taieçeşÿ·şe |
Таиeчeшꙑ·ше’ан Taieçeşÿ·şe’an | |||
Plural | Таиeдꙑ·шде Taiedÿ·şde |
Таиeдꙑ·шде’ан Taiedÿ·şde’an |
Таишде Taişde |
Таиeчe·шде Taieçe·şde |
Таиeчe·шде’ан Taieçe·şde’an |
Таиeчeшꙑшде Taieçeşÿşde |
Таиeчeшꙑ·шде’ан Taieçeşÿş·de’an | |||
3d | Singular | Таиeдꙑ·й Taiedÿ·y |
Таиeдꙑ·й’ан Taiedÿ·y’an |
Таийи Taiyi |
Таиeчe·й Taieçe·y |
Таиeчe·й’ан Taieçe·y’an |
Таиeчeшꙑ·й Taieçeşÿ·y |
Таиeчeшꙑ·й’ан Taieçeşÿ·y’an | ||
Paucal | Таиeдꙑ·ԙ Taiedÿ·ye |
Таиeдꙑ·ԙ’ан Taiedÿ·ye’an |
Таиԙ Taiy |
Таиeчe·ԙ Taieçe·ye |
Таиeчe·ԙ’ан Taieçe·ye’an |
Таиeчeшꙑ·ԙ Taieçeşÿ·ye |
Таиeчeшꙑ·ԙ’ан Taieçeşÿ·ye’an | |||
Plural | Таиeдꙑ·дԙ Taiedÿ·dye |
Таиeдꙑ·дԙ’ан Taiedÿ·dye’an |
Таидԙ Taidye |
Таиeчe·дԙ Taieçe·dye |
Таиeчe·дԙ’ан Taieçe·dye’an |
Таиeчeшꙑ·дԙ Taieçeşÿ·dye |
Таиeчeшꙑ·дԙ’ан Taieçeşÿ·dye’an | |||
Imperative | All | Singular | Таиeдзe Taiedze |
Таиeдзeтe Taiedzete |
||||||
Paucal | Таиeдзeл Taiedzel |
Таиeдзeлтe Taiedzelte | ||||||||
Plural | Таиeдзeдe Taiedzede |
Таиeдзeдeтe Taiedzedete |
Note: Vowels that follow vowel harmony are highlighted in a dark blue color
Pronouns+Be
Qazhshavan has the feature of pronounse mixed with the verb "be":
Person | Number | +be | +NEG-be | +will-be | +will-NEG-be | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Singular | Яме Yame |
Нꙑяме Nÿyame |
Ямече Yameçe |
Нꙑямече Nÿyameçe | ||||
Paucal exclusive |
Меирече Meireçe |
Нимеирече Nimeireçe |
Меирече Meireçe |
Нимеирече Nimeireçe | |||||
Paucal inclusive |
Мешир Meşir |
Нимешир Nimeşir |
Меширече Meşireçe |
Нимеширече Nimeşireçe | |||||
Plural exclusive |
Медир Medir |
Нимедир Nimedir |
Медирече Medireçe |
Нимедирече Nimedireçe | |||||
Plural inclusive |
Мешдир Meşdir |
Нимешдир Nimeşdir |
Мешдирече Meşdireçe |
Нимешдирече Nimeşdireçe | |||||
2nd |
Singular | Шир Şir |
Нишир Nişir |
Ширече Şireçe |
Ниширече Nişireçe | ||||
Paucal | Шеир Şeir |
Нишеир Nişeir |
Шеирече Şeireçe |
Нишеирече Nişeireçe | |||||
Plural | Шедир Şedir |
Нишедир Nişedir |
Шедирече Şedireçe |
Нишедирече Nişedireçe | |||||
3d |
Singular Masculine & Neuter |
Ойир Oyir |
Нуйир Nuyir |
Ойирече Oyireçe |
Нуйирече Nuyireçe | ||||
Singular Feminine |
Айир Ayir |
Нꙑйир Nÿyir |
Айирече Ayireçe |
Нꙑйирече Nÿyireçe | |||||
Paucal | Алер Aler |
Нꙑлер Nÿler |
Алерече Alereçe |
Нꙑлерече Nÿlereçe | |||||
Plural | Алдер Alder |
Нꙑлдер Nÿlder |
Алдерече Aldereçe |
Нꙑлдерече Nÿldereçe | |||||
Negation
The present and Past tenses get the simpler negation prefix, and the Future tense get the more complex one.
Past & Present | Future & Future in the past |
---|---|
Нө-<word> Nö-<word> |
Налъ-<word> Naľ-<word> |
Examples | |
Нөтаим Nötaim |
Налътаиечем Naľtaieçem |
I'm not running i don't run |
I'm not going to run |
Нөтаиедꙑш Nötaiadÿş |
Налътаиечешꙑш Naľtaieçeşÿş |
You didn't run | You weren't going to run |
Нөтаиедзе Nötaiedze |
Налътаиедзете Naľtaiedzete |
Don't run | Don't run later |
Note: the past/present negation form is also used for adjectives and adverbs.
Affix order
The order of how words are formed with affixes:
Noun affix order | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | -Possessive | -Plurality | -Case/Adjective | -Definit | -Question |
Verb affix order | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negation- | Word | -Tense | -Person~Number | -Perfective | -Question |
Numbers
Qazhshavan is a Decimal language, meaning it has a base 10 number system.
Literally translated "12" is "1 on (top of) 12", and 21 is "1 on (top of) 2-10" and so on.
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) |
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) |
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) |
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) |
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) |
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Атꙑл Atÿl |
11 | Атꙑлнеми Atÿlnemi |
10 | Ен En |
101 | Атꙑл-шехеми Atÿl-şehemi |
100 | Шех Şeh |
1000 | Огил Ogil | ||||||
2 | Кайꙑ Kayÿ |
12 | Кайꙑнеми Kayÿnemi |
20 | Кайꙑен Kayÿen |
21 | Атꙑл-кайꙑенми Atÿl-kayÿenemi |
200 | Кайꙑшех Kayÿşeh |
2000 | Кайꙑогил Kayÿogil | ||||||
3 | Балꙑ Balÿ |
13 | Балꙑнеми Balÿnemi |
30 | Балꙑен Balÿen |
31 | Атꙑл-балꙑенеми Atÿl-balÿenemi |
300 | Балꙑшех Balÿşeh |
3000 | Балꙑогил Balÿogil | ||||||
4 | Кулун Kulun |
14 | Кулуннеми Kulunnemi |
40 | Кулунен Kulunen |
41 | Атꙑл-кулунеми Atÿl-kulunemi |
400 | Кулуншех Kulunşeh |
4000 | Кулуногил Kulunogil | ||||||
5 | Боўгꙑ Bowgÿ |
15 | Боўгꙑнеми Bowgÿnemi |
50 | Боўгꙑeн Bowgÿen |
51 | Атꙑл-боўгꙑенеми Atÿl-bowgÿenemi |
500 | Боўгꙑшех Bowgÿşeh |
5000 | Боўгꙑогил Bowgÿogil | ||||||
6 | Алшꙑ Alşÿ |
16 | Алшꙑнеми Alşÿnemi |
60 | Алшꙑен Alşÿ-En |
61 | Атꙑл-алшꙑенеми Atÿl-alşÿenemi |
600 | Алшꙑшех Alşÿşeh |
6000 | Алшꙑогил Alşÿogil | ||||||
7 | Сувун Suvun |
17 | Сувуннеми Suvunnemi |
70 | Сувунен Suvunen |
71 | Атꙑл-сувуненеми Atÿl-Suvunenemmi |
700 | Сувуншех Suvunşeh |
7000 | Сувуногил Suvunogil | ||||||
8 | Ненте Nente |
18 | Нентенеми Nentenemi |
80 | Нентеен Nenteen |
81 | Атꙑл-нентенеми Atÿl-nentenemi |
800 | Нентешех Nenteşeh |
8000 | Нентеогил Nenteogil | ||||||
9 | Талꙑ Talÿ |
19 | Талꙑнеми Talÿnemi |
90 | Талꙑен Talÿen |
91 | Атꙑл-талꙑенеми Atÿl-talÿenemi |
900 | Талꙑшех Talÿşeh |
9000 | Талꙑогил Talÿogil |
Questions
Yes-No type
Qazhshavan forms Yes and No questions with a quesiton suffix:
Queastion affix | ||
---|---|---|
-ꙑ/ÿ- type Harmony |
-и/i- type Harmony |
-у/u- tupe Harmony |
<word>-кꙑ <word>-kÿ |
<word>-ки <word>-ki |
<word>-ку <word>-ku |
Examples | ||
Гаяшкꙑ Gayaşkÿ |
Таишки Taişki |
Боўшку Bowşku |
Are you Fishing? | Are you Running? | Are you Shooting? |
Яген’ꙑкꙑ? Yagen’ÿkÿ? |
Кучԙ’хъеки? Kuçeye’hheki? |
Көсуку? Kösuku? |
Inside the House? | Neer the dogs? | a Cat? |
Таиш ягaж’гакꙑ? Taiş yagaj'gakÿ? |
Ԙечешки aйꙑ? Yeeçeşki ayÿ? |
Шир дуску? Şir dusku? |
You're running from/out of the house? | Are you going to see her? | Are you okay/good? |
Wh- type
"Wh- type" questions are pretty straight forward, as they just add another word to the mix.
Dialects
Meadow
The meadow dialect, sometimes refered to as Mezhian, is the standart form of the Qazhshavan langauge. It is nativly spoken in the plains of the Mezhia, Nohchat regions in Qazhshava.
Hill
The hill dialect is the dialect spoken by people in the Mingidagh mountains, primarily Lakkathans, Southern Kodins, and Qazhshavans living in the area. It is known for having a harsher speech.
General paterns in the Hill dialect:
- Vowels are more rounded.
- Unstressed vowels get centralized.
- The /j/ in я/ya,ю/yu,ԙ/ye is silent after a consonant.
- /q/ - /kʰ/.
- Vowel+й/y resaults in a long vowel.
- o and у/u become /o/ and /ʊ/ after Velar, Uvilar and Epiglottal consonants.
Sample text | |
---|---|
Qazhshavan Cyrillic |
Ꙑтайм тꙑ, лакадaнa’хъa, ен киўометꙑрада’хъа Мучанечеж, Тичканяшан. |
Qazhshavan Latin |
Ÿtaym tý, lakadana’hha, en kiwometÿrada’hha Muçaneçej, Tiçkanyaşan. |
Standart IPA | /ɤtɛjm tɤ ˈla.ka.da.na.ħa ɛn ki.wɔ.mɛ.tɤ.ɾa.da.ħa muˈt͡ʃa.nɛ.t͡ʃɛʒ tit͡ʃˈka.nja.ʃan/ |
Hill IPA | /ɤ̹tɛ̹ːm tʌ ˈla̹.ka̹.da̹.na̹.ħa̹ ɛ̹n ki̹.wɔ.mɛ̹.tɤ̹.ɾa̹.da̹.ħa̹ muˈt͡ʃa̹.nɛ̹.t͡ʃɛ̹ʒ ti̹t͡ʃˈka.na̹.ʃa̹n/ |
Common | I live there, in the mountains, ten kilometers away from Much'anech, in Tichkanyash |
Karakach
Nashean
Nashean Qazhshavan, commonly just Nashean, is a dialect spoken in and around the region of Nashe, Riamo, it is a resault of settlers left over from colonial times, it's has Phonetic influence from the Riamese langauge spoken there and many loanwords.
Lnaguage examples
Common words and sentances | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Qazhshavan Govoric |
Qazhshavan Latin |
Common | Gloss Literal meaning |
IPA |
Хялдза / Хял. | Hyaldzа / Hyal. | Hello / Hi (singular) |
health-2S-IMP health |
/ˈxʲal.dza/ /xʲal/ |
Хялдзада / Хял. | Hyaldzаdа / Hyal. | Hello / Hi (plr. & pauc.) |
health-2P-IMP health |
/xʲalˈdza.da/ /xʲal/ |
Нԙлав шагю. | Nyelаv şagyu. | Good morning. | good.adj morning | /ɲæ̝lˈʃa ɣju/ |
Нԙлав ичин. | Nyelаv için. | Good afternoon/day | good.adj day | /ɲæ̝ˈli t͡ʃin/ |
Нԙлав хачи. | Nyelаv haçi. | Good evening | good.adj night | /ɲæ̝l ˈxa.t͡ʃi/ |
Иишав хачи. | Iişаv haçi. | Good night | Soft.adj night | /i.jiʃ ˈxa.t͡ʃi/ |
Сиджа ԙeй / Сам | Sica yeey / Sam | Goodbye / Bye | next see-ADE bye |
/ˈsa.d͡ʒa jæ̝j/ /sam/ |
Лъан руш шинлꙑл? | Ľan ruş şinlÿl? | What's your name? | how say-2S yourself | l̥an ɾuʃ ˈʃin.lɤl |
Рум ԙмлꙑл ___ | Rum yemlÿl ___ | My name is ___ | say-1S myself ___ | /ɾum ˈjæ̝m.lɤl/ |
Шир алъаж? | Şir aľaj? | Where are you from? | 2S.be where-ELA | /ʃiɾ ˈa.l̥aʒ/ |
Яме ___(-е/а)ж | Yamе ___(-е/а)j | I'm from ___ | 1S.be ___-ELA | /ja.mɛ ___-ɛ/aʒ/ |
Лъан шир? | Ľan şir? | How are you? | how 2S.be | /l̥an ʃiɾ/ |
Яме нԙлав | Yame nyelаv | I'm good/alright/okay | 1S.be good-adj | /ja.mɛ ˈɲæ̝.lav/ |
Яме нөнԙлав | Yame nönyelаv | I'm not good/okay/alright | 1S.be NEG-good-adj |
Sample text
Poem: Qal-Hhan River - Поема: Лок Къал-Хъан - Poema: Lok Qal-Hhan[2] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
- | ||||
in Common: | - | in Qazhshavan: (Govoric) |
- | in Qazhshavan: (Latin) |
The waters of the Qal-Hhan will continue to flow, | - | Къал-Хъанас луада’хъa саяхачадԙ къундед, | - | Qal-Hhanas luada’hha sayahaçadye qunded, |
they'll continue to hit the rocks, | - | аледе саяхачадԙ кайедe’хъе бундед, | - | alede sayahаçаdye kayede’hhe bunded, |
there will continue to be lots of fish and frogs, | - | саяхачадԙ адав гада е жабада ирдед, | - | sayahаçаdye adav gada e jabada irded, |
and the floods will also be filled. | - | е луледе дууречедԙ’ан. | - | e lulede duureçedye’an. |
- | ||||
Old Mokhaic script: | ||||
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Qazhshavan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ A piece of old Qazhshavan literature from the 15th century