Morrawia
Republic of Morrawia Morawská republika (Morrawian)
Mährische Republik (German) | |
|---|---|
 Coat of Arms
| |
| Motto: PRAWDA WŻDY WÍTĖZÍ Truth always prevails | |
Anthem: Morawo, Morawo
 | |
   Location of Morrawia (blue or dark green) | |
| Capital and largest city | Králowec |
| Official languages | Morrawian, German |
| Recognised national languages | Morrawian, German, Polish |
| Ethnic groups (2018) | White (77%) Native (6%) Black (5%) Olivacian (4%) Other (8%) |
| Demonym(s) | Morrawian |
| Government | Federal Presidential Republic |
• President of Morrawia | Tomáṡ Slawinský |
• Vice President | Marcel Pelikán |
| Legislature | The Federal Congress |
| The Senate of the Republic | |
| The House of Representatives | |
| Establishment | |
• Empire of Poth | 500 BCE |
• Empire of Ahia | 338 BC |
• Empire of Tilicy | 27th January 705 |
• Duchy of Morrawia | 3rd October 907 |
• Kingdom of Morrawia | 15th April 1131 |
• Empire of Morrawia | 30th May 1645 |
• Republic of Morrawia | 21th August 1852 |
• current Constitution | 1st March 1860 |
| Area | |
• Total | 480,516.63 km2 (185,528.51 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 87 467 105 |
• September 2015 census | 84 234 149 |
• Density | 182.09/km2 (471.6/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | 3,774 TRILLION |
• Per capita | 43 131 ACU |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | ACU 2,941 TRILLION |
• Per capita | ACU 33 611 |
| Gini (2017) |  32.5medium |
| HDI (2018) |  0.902very high |
| Currency | Morrawian Tollar (₮) 1:4.17 conversion with real dollar |
| Time zone | UTC 0, UTC +3 and UTC +6 |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +415 |
| ISO 3166 code | MO |
| Internet TLD | .mo |
Morrawia, officially the Morrawian Republic (Morrawian: Morawská republika), or the Republic of Morrawia, is a country located primarily in Southern Thrismari. It also includes overseas regions and territories in the Sunadic, and Kaldaz oceans. Metropolitan Morrawia shares borders with Wassilia to the south, and Lindstaten to the west. Its metropolitan area extends from the Verisch Sea to the Sunadic Ocean and from the Duryṅ Mountains to the Bay of Morawa; overseas territories include Oomoshi Islands in southern Sunadic, and Adelaide Atoll in the Kaldaz Ocean. Its twenty integral regions (one of which is overseas) span a combined area of 480,516.63 km2 (185,528.51 sq mi) and have a total population of over 87 million as of January 2023. Morrawia is a federal presidential republic with its capital in Králowec F.D., the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre; other major urban areas include Berno, Tatrany, Torín, Kalmary or Veligrad.
Morrawia's ancient history traces back to around 1.3 million years ago, with archaic humans. Neanderthals occupied the region until they were gradually replaced by Homo sapiens around 35,000 BCE. Cave art emerged around 19,000 BC, and after the Last Glacial Period, Germanic tribes of Verno-Kak people from Kakland migrated to the northern area, establishing a presence. The Neolithic era began around 6,500 BC, leading to significant developments in demographics, agriculture, and later metallurgy. The formation of the Poth Empire, the first state in Morrawia's history advanced the region substantially. Subsequent centuries saw the rise and fall of various states and empires until the establishment of the Duchy of Morrawia in 907 AD. The early period of duchy was marked by rapid expansion and relative prosperity. However, internal challenges and decline began during the reign of Rostislaw II. The "Healing Period" from the 11th to 12th centuries witnessed the gradual unification of Morrawia under the Kingdom of Morrawia in 1131. Queen Aneż I's reign in the 16th century brought about reforms, modernization, and the adoption of Protestantism.
The Great Morrawian Revolution erupted in 1852, fueled by dissatisfaction with the imperial system and a push for republican ideals. The conflict ended in 1856 with the republican victory and establishment of the Republic of Morrawia with Tristan Palacký as the first President. In 1860, the Constitution of Morrawia was created and two year later, the Bill of Rights. Morrawia experienced economic, industrial and societal changes during the latter half of the 19th century. The country took part in the Great War on the side of the Alliance and came out victorious. The policy of ''Direktiwa'' skyrocketed the economy for the next 50 years and elevated the country to the world power. In the 1930s, major shake-ups of the political establishments occurred, almost creating the conditions for a domestic conflict. 1964 was marked by the unsuccessful coup attempt and an assassination of President Karl Walmark, making in it the only assassination of the President in Morrawian history.
Morrawia retains its centuries-long status as a one of the global centres of art, science and philosophy. It hosts the many of the world´s Heritage Sites and is the world's leading tourist destination, receiving over 90 million foreign visitors in 2018. Morrawia is a developed country with one of the world´s biggest economies by nominal GDP and by PPP. It remains a great power in global affairs in Thrismari and elsewhere. Morrawia is an original signatory to the Argdan Treaty, as well as a key member of the ANTERPOL, The International Court, and Veligrad Pact.
Etymology
The country's native name origin (Morawa) has several possible explanations, though only one is considered credible and is generally most accepted by the historic community and that is river Morawa, which itself is named after proto-slavic name for this region: Mo´raw (and its iterations), meaning Mother. The Common name Morrawia was formed in the 1600s from the already mentioned name Morrawa and the suffix -ia, denoting a people or nation. The German name for the country became wide-used after the creation of the Common variant, with previous German communities calling it simply Morawa. Country is comprised of 24 states, 3 cities and one unincorporated territory, all with their own names based on rivers, landscape or people, who have been living in the area. Each state or city have their own etymologic historic meaning behind their name.
History
Prehistory (before the 6th century BC)
The oldest traces of archaic humans in what is now Morrawia date from approximately 1.3 million years ago. Neanderthals occupied the region into the Upper Paleolithic era, but were slowly replaced by Homo sapiens around 35,000 BCE. This period also witnessed the emergence of the cave art of the Lażeny and the Rotice, including at the famous Nebelwaldhöhle site, dated to c. 19,000 BC. At the end of the Last Glacial Period (10,000 BC), the climate became milder. It was also around this time, Germanic tribes of Verno-Kak people from Kakland started to migrate to the northern area of Morrawian territory, establishing presence there to this day. From approximately 6,500 BC, this part of southern Thrismari entered the Neolithic era and its inhabitants became sedentary.
After strong demographic and agricultural development between the 4th and 3rd millennia, metallurgy appeared at the end of the 3rd millennium, initially working gold, copper and bronze, as well as later iron. Morrawia has numerous megalithic sites from the Neolithic period, including the exceptionally dense Karnaċ stones site (approximately 4,000 BC).
Antiquity (6th century BC–4th century AD)
The period from the 6th century onwards saw great development in the mostly tribal Morrawia. Due to relative stability and the lack of outside threats, Morrawia developed with countless of tribes scattered around the middle of the country where most fertile lands were located and where today agricultural states of Wallashia, Rhiwennia, Lechowia and Elbennia are located. Around the 5th century BC, in southern Morrawia, a small association of tribes began to form with a single figurehead on the top called Poth, This confederation of tribes was held together by two things: leader Poth and the shared desire to protect themselves against enemy raids from the north and west. There is only one mention of this state and that is the Chronicle of Waaz, who was the famous writer in this time, documenting events from the early 5th century to around 440 BC. Historians nowadays call this state Poth Empire, or Pothian State. It was the first state formation in todays Morrawia. Poth Empire saw further stability and protection of tribes in it. Slowly it began absorbing numerous other tribes. Around the year 450, a massive settlement near today Králowec was established as a major port of the state.
In the same year, Poth died and was succeeded by his son Poth II, thus transforming the tribal confederation into a proper empire. He continued what his father had started, like securing routes etc. During his reign, which lasted from 450-431, new trade routes where created, the empire expanded and treaties with outside tribes and foreign states were made to ensure further stable development and prosperity. The end of the 5th century saw the collapse of the empire, caused by increasing hostility of surrounding tribes and nations.
Early Middle Ages (4th–11th century)
In 383 AD Empire of Ahia conquered weakened Morrawian tribes and for another 250 years, it ruled over all of Morrawia. This period saw relative prosperity and even new technology and methods of agriculture and manufacturing. When the Empire collapsed in 645 AD, Morrawia was back in the tribal era, until the early 8th century, when the Empire of Tilicy formed and established concrete rule over the most of the land of today Morrawia. Most important for the period, apart from the various advancements in life and technology, was the decision of the King Jaromír II to move the capital to a new location, subsequently founding Králowec in 857 on the site of the old tribal settlement, which was by then abandoned.
In 907 Duchy of Morrawia was formed, splitting from the old Tilician kingdom as it became weaker. Its first ruler was Pṙemysl I. Morrawia's population primarily consisted of farmers residing in small villages. The landscape of the region at that time predominantly comprised of forests, some marshlands, and mountains in the north and west.
The early period of Morrawia was marked by a phase of rapid expansion, although it also faced significant instability due to its status as a young nation. The growth and relative prosperity persisted for a number of years. However, during the reign of Rostislaw II, the nation started to face internal challenges and began to decline, largely attributed to Rostislaw's inability to govern effectively. This trend continued up until throughout the years with each new duke having less and less power on the expanse of the nobility and sometimes even mercenaries. For example Duke Mojmír VI was forced to sell most of the ducal property to nobility to avoid political crisis in the country. In this time, major parts of the country were either given to neighbouring countries or seceded on their own. Amongst these were for example cities of Kalmary and Veligrad in 999 and 1007 respectively. This also explains their current status as city-states, not counting other factors.
By 1020, Morrawia was so weak it almost ceased to exist.
High and Late Middle Ages (11th–16th century)
Around 1050, this trend was beginning to reverse as a sequence of strong rulers, who through intimidation, murder and bribes consolidated power starting with the Boṙiwoj II from the House of Pṙemysl. At this time, four separate houses were ruling different parts of Morrawia and surrounding areas: House of Pṙemysl, House of Adlerthal, House of Litinský and House of Slawíkowec. The next 100 years is generally summarized as the "Healing Period" as these and hundreds of other houses and dynasties gradually united the country through conflict, marriage and treaties into a single nation, and the Kingdom of Morrawia was fully declared in 1131 by King Wladislaw I from the House of Pṙemysl.
In 1203, House of Litinský was slaughtered in Waláṡský Hradec under suspicion of them wanting the throne for themselves. The early 13th century saw the biggest expansion and bloom of the country due to mariages orchestrated between Pṙemysls and Adlertahls, effectively uniting massive parts of the country. The whole eastern coast was conquered by 1220 and apart from its western coast, Morrawia was shaped similarly to today´s borders. King Otakar III, also known as the "King Educator" was determined to expand Morrawia influence by establishing Králowec University in 1245, the oldest university in Morrawia. He also created numerous silver and gold mines across Morrawia and created first truly Morrawian currency: Ran. Due to its value, it has been used in various countries across Thrismari. Trade with the countries of the world expanded under Otakar IV as well as establishment of one of the world´s oldest navies in 1277.
Early to mid-14th century saw development of cities around the nation as well as further expansion of the country. Cities like Pilzáṅ, Kalmary and Owary were mostly founded in the early 14th century by Pṙemysl II and his son Pṙemysl III. Historians generally tie at least 150 cities and settlements to these two rulers. Western coast was attached to Morrawia in 1312. This coincided with the founding of two knightly orders: Order of Tatras and the King´s Order of the Golden Lion to help secure these new lands. Though originally, these two orders were in conflict, they forged an alliance in 1347 and even befriended Knights of the Isle of Soe and the City of Banter from Kakland.
The "Crisis of the 15th century" is the the name given to the series of events taking place from the 1432 to around the end of the century, where no direct heir to the throne was born to a royal couple of Jaromír V and Aneżka Rawilská, creating direct infighting in the Pṙemysl dynasty, where several indirect members of the family ruled Morrawia and numerous branches dying in the process. The situation was partialy resolved in the year 1480 by uniting Houses of Pṙemysl with the House of Slawíkowec and fully resolved in 1495 with the publishing of the Dáwa Edict by King Boṙiwoj VII, allowing female to become heirs to the thrown if no direct male descendant is not available. However this would only delay the problem for around a century and the Pṙemysls would have to compromise and merge with other royal houses to survive.
Amongst other things, this situation create political, economic and societal instability, where various waring noble and royal camps were fighting for powers, economic power of Morrawia several diminished and peasantry experienced famines decimating the population and the country as a whole. When the Queen Aneż I/Aneżka I ascended the throne in 1510, the country was lacking behind its neighbours, it was inefficient and had a hungry population on the verge of revolt.
She then fixed the problems in the country, whilst also experiencing extreme pressure from the foreign powers. She executed, bribed and threatened everyone, who was against her. Morrawia was modernized with reforms to economy, tax collection, military, especially navy, which she wanted it to be the most powerful in the Alabaster Gulf.
Aneż I was the first renaissance monarch, with great interest in art, which she collected from all over the world and transported back home. This era saw Morrawian language being standardized and used more widely by the aristocracy, who to that point used mainly German as many royal and noble houses where tied to German speaking states. In 1520, when Protestantism was expanding around the world, Aneż I adopted it instead of Catholicism as she saw it holding the country back, subsequently angering aforementioned German parts of Morrawia, mainly the region of today Elbennia. It is speculated, that it was this decision killed her a year later by the group of assassins. To this day, historians are not sure who ordered the murder and the circumstances remain unsolved to this day.
Mid-16th century saw yet another merger with the House of Adlerthal, despite previous efforts to avoid this, thus creating House of Pṙemysl-Adlerthal. Adlerthals were centuries old noble house, who centuries earlier promised to serve the Pṙemysls in exchange of administration of all German-speaking territories of Morrawia. Immediately seizing the opportunity, Adlerthals began efforts to become dominant of the two dynasties. Throughout the centuries, this became the big point of tension in the country with clashing values and traditions, especially after the formation of the Morrawian Empire.
Early modern period (16th century–1645)
From the 16th to the year 1645, Morrawia was starting to get involved in the increased sea exploration and subsequent importation of slaves from Thrismari, Thuadia or Olivacia. In 1551, the Oomoshi Island where discovered by Jan Mladý of Powaṡowice, a western nobleman serving Queen Ludmila I in the Morrawian Royal Navy. Despite the discovery, the archipelago was not claimed at the time by Morrawia. At this time, practise of slavery began to get a hold in Morrawia. While the state began condoning the practice of slavery with letters patent in the 1550s, Ludmila I only formalized this authorization more generally in 1567 in the last year of her reign with the Veligrad Proclamation. By the early 17th century, Veligrad and Kalmary had become the primary ports involved in the practice.
Pṙemysl V faced fierce resistance with his efforts in the 1630s to centralize the power as a absolutist monarch in the form of "Silk Rebellion". This rebellion was driven by the great feudal lords and sovereign courts as a reaction to the rise of royal absolute power in Morrawia. In the early morning the the 7th of February 1644 many of these feudal lords where arrested or brutally murdered. This is today called "Feudal Purge". By 1645, Pṙemysl V restructured the kingdom and gave himself and his successors the title of Emperor of Morrawia as a final step in his consolidation of power and to facilitate the position of Morrawia on the world stage.
Imperial Morrawia (1645-1856)
After the death of the first Emperor Pṙemysl I in 1650, Adlerthals started their efforts of "German Restitution" starting with the Emperor Francis I. It was a process to prioritize German culture, customs, language and more outside of German-speaking states.
With the first conquest of Wassilia in 1646, this practice was expanded to newly acquired territories as well. Wassilia at that time was poorly equipped and too divided to adequately defend themselves. Despite this, the country was not conquered completely and lost about half of its territory in addition to 3 vassals Morrawia took.
Bay of Morrawia was after that under full control of Morrawia.
In 1655 Francis I then initiated campaign to become a dominant power in the Alabaster Gulf, starting with Kakland's Gotos Islands in the middle of the gulf. This had a strategic advantage for Morrawia and the country became dominant one in the region. The rapid expansion was strictly opposed by the Protestants in the country. Pṙemysl wing of the ruling family felt endangared by the German-centric policies of the Emperor. This culminated on the 19th February 1657 with the "Putsch of 17 Lords", which ended in the defeat and subsequent execution of the leadership of the protestant movement as well as some members of the royal family. From that point until the fall of the Morrawian Empire in 1856, we talk about the "Silent Revolution", which as its strong effect had a preservation of the Protestant faith in Morrawia.
In 1660, Morrawia declared war on on their northern neighbours. This conflict saw Imperial Army's first real defeat, as Morrawia failed overall to capture these territories and only gained small southern portion after two years of conflict.
In the early hours of the 7th July 1666, revolt in these northern areas was suppressed by Morrawian forces.
In 1670, massive war saw almost all of northern's territory annexed just 5 years later and the vassalisation of the western part of the country under the rule of Rudolf I. Other 4 years on in 1679, people north of Duryṅ Mountains revolted again, also unsuccessfully. The rest of the century witnessed start of two other conflicts and an unsuccessful revolt in Wassilia. 1670s and 1680s were marked with the outbreak of the Yellow Wasting, a disease originating from Olivacia, brought to Morrawia through extensive slave trade. When the disease was starting to spread amongst the populace, Emperor Rudolf I ordered a month long quarantine for every ship coming to Morrawia as well as those cities affected. People were regularly executed for not following the guidelines set by the Emperor and many people fled Morrawia because of it. Though not catastrophic, Yellow Wasting managed to kill around 50 000 people, mainly around the ocean coast of Morrawia.
The year 1700 was one of the most significant years in imperial history as this was the year that northern territories broke off from Morrawia entirely, fueled partly by the weakened Morrawia after the pandemic, marking the slow decline of Morrawia in the future ahead.
In 1701, Third Morrawo-Kakish War ended in the Kakish victory and Kakland got all their territory back, excluding the Gotos Islands. Bittered by this, Emperor Ferdinand III ordered today Oomoshi Islands to be claimed in the name of the Empire of Morrawia. Though after arrival and initial inspection, the expeditionary force found out, that Kaldaic Empire lays claims on the island. This however did not stop Emperor Joseph I in his efforts and he declared a war on Kaldaic Empire. Morrawia walked out victorious two year later and fully annexed the islands as part of their territory. The islands hosted several species of animal, small forests, meadows and hundreds of thousands of natives, who were initially traded with. Despite this, archipelago quickly became a penal colony with local natives being used as slave labour and surrounding water used for fishing industries. The policy of assimilation forced local populace and especially children to learn Morrawian language, culture and religion, which at that time was Catholicism.
After 1710, we officially talk about Slow Decline Period as Morrawia simply ran out of money and in combination with weak or uninterested rulers, Morrawian Empire began to crumble. A great shift in politics of the nation occurred at this time as well with bigger emphasis on domestic affairs. This led to yet another wave of modernization of all aspects of the country as even though there was desire to expand the territory, the philosophy of rapid expansion in order to strengthen the economy wasn´t as prevalent and slowly faded away. Systems for everything from taxation, military, royal upkeep, roads, security and more were updated to match more with the neighbouring nations. New schools were built, new road connections were established and later even manufacturing plants.
By 1780s, Morrawia lost all of its territory in the north and starting in 1783, Wassilia was the last nation to slowly but surely liberate itself from imperial overlords. In 1815, amidst growing tensions and instability in the country, Emperor Joseph I published Proclamation to All the Morrawian People, creating first ever constitution, called Summer Constitution. With the publishing of the Proclamation, Imperial Council of Deputies was established in Králowec with a portion of the monarch´s power being transferred to the assembly. The country was subsequently federalized on the lines of ethnic groups into 5 different States and 1 territory (Nowé Zámoṙí). The constitution further expanded civil, religious and political rights. Josephinian Code is the set of laws and statutes created by Emperor Joseph I as the part of the constitutional order in the country. Contemporary Morrawian Legal System is based on the Josephinian Code from this era. Ongoing Silent Revolution took advantage of the federalization of the country and by the Great Morrawian Revolution, Catholicism was present only in German-speaking states and on Oomoshi Islands.
The year 1821 was marked with arrival of Industrial Revolution and with it a wave of stability and advancement for the shrinking nation. New industries flourished, but with it, polluted cities and poor worker conditions came with it. At this time, first unions popped up in major cities too. The Industrial Revolution was one of the defining factors in the initial strength of the Republic.
Almost all bits of territory and vassals were lost to Wassilia by 1830, which by this time was much more united and organized and thus more capable of fighting. The aforementioned Great Morrawian Revolution saw Wassilia gaining last pieces of territory lost centuries ago to Morrawia officially centuries of endless wars and battles in southern Thrismari.
1840s were turbulent decade, due to the increasingly obivous weakness of Morrawia and its monarchs. People became dissatisfied with the system and demanded change, which came about very slowly and was mostly meaningless at this point. During this time, a prominent young lawyer from the city of Polipa, Tristan Palacký, who advocated for the Republican model for Morrawia, which made him both popular amongst the majority of people, especially surfs and also made him be arrested multiple times for inciting violence and organizing anti-government protests. This made him even more popular. In 1849 Palacký gave a speech in the German town of Elbenau in front of a crowd of nearly 130,000 from all German-speaking regions of the country. Here he interceded for republican ideals and tried to persuade the majority of Germans to subscribe to what he called "the common idea of freedom, individual rights and self-determination". Here he also stressed that the German-speaking regions could retain German as their primary language.
This speech worked, and the following year there were huge demonstrations against the Emperor's rule throughout the country, including in the German regions. The gendarmerie tried to suppress these protests, but it was too late. On the 3rd August 1852 the waves of protests continued and in the town of Torín in Turhinia, people protested in Přemysl Square against the mayor Frederik Starý, who was a staunch supporter of the imperial system. Tristan Palacký, recently released from prison, later came to the town and expressed his support for the crowd. Mayor later ordered the soldiers to shoot into the crowd to desperse it. Several hundreds of people were killed and the crowd became agitated. Instead of running away, they started charging soldiers instead. They burst through the gates of the joint complex of the town hall and the local imperial governorate later that day. Here they threw the mayor out of a window and beat up or tied up several soldiers of the imperial army serving there.
This marks the official start of the Great Morrawian Revolution.
Revolutionary Morrawia (1852-1862)
Following this event, in the span of several weeks, center of the country, as well as great population centres were all revolting and demanding change. On 21th August 1852, Legislative Assembly, comprising of townsmen, sympathetic aristocracy and other noblemen, met in Torín to oficially declare the Republic of Morrawia as a way to "ensure stable future for generations to come and freedom, liberty and fair justice for all citizens of Morrawia". This amongst many other agreed upon principles and rules created Articles of the Republic, a blueprint for the future Bill of Rights of 1862. Imperial forces were quickly stationed around Torín to deal with the assembly, however a surprise attack by Wladimír Palacký, brother of Tristan Palacký narrowly defeated the imperials in the Battle of Malwín Hill and liberated the Legislative Assembly. By the mid-1853, every major city was under direct control of Republicans. At this time, Tristan Palacký was appointed as a supreme commander of the revolutionary forces. In early September 1853, an angry mob stormed the Grand Imperial Palace in Králowec and captured Emperor Joseph III and his family. Resulting Battle of Králowec saw Republican Legions and many citizens of Králowec fight against highly organized Imperial Army under the command of General Vašíček. Despite obvious and clear disadvantage, the battle ended in a victory of the revolutionary forces and the biggest casualties of any battle during the revolution at 10,000 casualties on the republican side and 15,000 on the imperial side.
With Králowec being under full control of the Republicans, being important strategic and symbolic place, Tristan Palacký was urged by his closest advisors to stabilize the fronts and focus on minor advances. He instead ordered a joint offensive from every captured town and settlement. This would prove to be a major mistake and resulted in a "Revolutionary Schysm", when part of the republican movement was in great disagreement with the loyal Tristanist wing and threatened to brake off, and the "Night of Tears", which saw surprise attack by the imperial forces on the city of Torín, damaging it greatly and killing important personalities of the republican leadership, nearly crippling the movement.
By this time imperial forces even recaptured parts of Králowec and captured Emperor Joseph III and his family. In the report given to the Emperor by the imperial military leadership, it was said that "rebelious forces and other elements responsible for the destruction and suffering around the Empire will be most definitely dealt with in a matter of weeks, with expected fierce resistance from their side..." This would have been a correct asessment of the situation as the revolutionary movement was on the brink of defeat with only small pockets in the southern and eastern portion of the country and the whole western side losely controlled by them.
Despite a large portion of support coming from the German regions, some refused to join the revolution opting out rather for the neutrality in exchange for a lack of fighting in their region. This was broken by Imperial Army in January 1854, who marched into what is today western part of Elbennia and ordered local dukes to join the war against republicans. This started a chain reaction from now neutral territories across Morrawia, not just those in German speaking areas, subsequently joining the republican cause, citing "betrayal of all royal accords on sovereignty and imperial credibility".
During the next few months, tide of war was slowly turning. On 3rd July 1854, Republicans captured all of Králowec along with southern part of Morrawia, on 15th June 1854, Emperor along with his family was once again captured by the Republicans, now forced to write decrees and laws, diminishing his power in the favour of the Legislative Assembly. Tristan Palacký personally visited a captured sovereign in a prison outside Králowec and personally opposed the wing of the movement who wanted to execute the Emperor and his family.
In February of the next year, majority of German speaking regions as well as the west and the south of the country was under the Republican control. 1855 was the bloodiest year of the conflict with often whole villages and towns being burned to the ground by the imperial forces if there was a suspicion of republican support. It is estimated that around 500,000 and 1 million people lost their lives due to this, more than a double of military casualties in the span of the whole conflict. The Republicans at this time travelled to many neighbouring and other countries and agreed upon non-intervention of these countries in a Morrawian conflict.
Mid-1855 saw the succession of eastern, majority Polish-speaking region regions as well as of Nowé Zámoṙí. These were promptly reannexed shortly after the war in 1857 and 1862 respectively. On the 12th March 1856, last pockets of imperial resistance surrended after the Battle of Faríṙ, which was one of the bloodiest battles in the war, to the republicans and the Great Morrawian Revolution officially ended with the publishing of the Edict for the Republic, published by the Emperor Joseph III, now going by the civilian name, Joseph Adlerthal, seemingly supporting the republican movement and respecting the will of the people. He, along with his family survived the conflict and he himself served as a senior advisor in 3 administrations, improving his reputation by the end of his life. Decree of Liberties and Articles of Federation were published by the Legislative Assembly, now renamed to Federal Congress on the 5th and 6th September 1856, being the founding documents, from which the future constitution and the bill of rights were created from. Tristan Palacký was unanimously elected President of the Republic by the legislative body, the only president to be elected this way. Commission for the Creation of the Constitution was formed by the most senior members of the Council of Ministers and the members of the Federal Congress to draw up and create the constitution for the country. This was subsequently achieved on the 1st March 1860.
The Republic in the early years faced not only economic, but often societal and military hardships with frequent sabotages and raids by imperial sympathizers. These mostly ended by the end of 1860 with the year 1861 being the first year of growth for the country since the start of the revolution.
1862 was a very important year for the country. Bill of Rights, which amended and improved the constitution came into effect and the finalization of all territorial disputes with neighbouring countries and with domestic actors. This year also marks the end of the revolutionary period in Morrawia, strenghtening its positions in southern Thrismari ever since.
Post-revolutionary period (1862-1907)
In the latter half of the 19th century, Morrawia was facing many problems, amongst them economic stagnation, political chaos and unresolved colonial question. First president Tristan Palacký served 3 terms from 1856-1868 was marked by solving of these issues and getting Morrawia back on the world stage. Constitutional Amendments stabilizing and correcting systems put in place in the country greatly helped the nation, which began to increase its global interventions. Palacký's Administration oversaw influx of former colonial subjects to Morrawia, who under Palacký's humanist beliefs "have as much right to live happy and fulfilling life as any white Morrawian man". In 1865, he even ordered 5th Infantry Division to travel to Silesia as a tactic to pressure Silesian governor Plaňka to allow colonial migrants to enter Morrawia. Between 1860-1870, 16 constitutional amendments were passed, by far the greatest rate in all of history. Morrawia normalized relations with the neighbouring nations, reformed the military and between the year 1870-1885, Morrawia saw the biggest economic boom in its history up to that point, almost doubling its GDP. This coincided with the ending Industrial Revolution in the country in the latter half of the 19th century and the ever-growing socialist movement and social changes.
1890s brought many changes to the country, such as the Federal Organization Act of 1890, creating three city-states: Kalmary, Berno and Veligrad. Or National Antitrust Act of 1895, creating first real antitrust legislation in Morrawia, combating business monopolies. Alongside this, in 1896, Constitutional Party was for the first time defeated in the Federal House Election, losing to the newly established Liberal Party. Just four years later, in 1900, the Constitutional Party dissolved and two new parties were born: Republican Party and National Party. Country also adopted the policy of Morrawian Regionalism, which states, that Morrawia and its government will do everything in its power to keep the region of southern Thrismari free from foreign threats and in the state, which is beneficial to the country itself. This policy is more or less used to this day as a justification for more agressive foreign policies of Morrawia.
By the turn of the 20th century, Republic of Morrawia was an established and respected name on the world scene, continuing the waves of democratization and liberalization, either economic or societal led to the country being a popular destination for political, economic and other migrants, further helping the country rise.
Called by some a "Septennial of Reforms", years 1900-1907, leading up Morrawia getting involved in the Great War, Liberal Party expanded its lead in both houses of the Federal Congress and with the 20th Amendment to the Constitution gave all women the right to vote in all elections in 1905. Various social and economic programs were initiated at this time, creating the basis of the social state, which is present in Morrawia to this day (annual leave, eight-hour workdays, women in government).
The controversial decision get involved in the conflict, later known as the Great War is today seen as somewhat unnecesarry, as eventhough it was argued at the time by the Morawċík's Administration, that this move was part the "regionalism doctrine", the conflict was largely not present in the region of southern Thrismari and would almost cost President Morawċík his second term with one of the closest elections up to that point.
Great War Period (1907-1911)
TBA
Half Century of Spring (1911-1964)
The war ended and Morrawia stood on the side of the victors. For more than 20 years after the war, country supplied war-torn countries with basic supplies and as a part of the Lend & Reconstruct Program, Morrawia offered loans to aid allied economies. In 1912, Karel Tusar was elected President and enacted the policy of "Direktiwa", which significantly increased the government involvement in the economy, defining majority of the 20th century and beyond.
In 1915, Morrawia took an advantage of a weakened Anáhuac, and invaded Atolón Adelaida, or Adelajdský/Adélský atol, claimed by Anáhuac. Initially only developed as a strategic point for spreading Morrawian influence, the atoll was quickly turned into hub for scientists, biologists, fishermen and most importantly - guano miners. In the 1950s, the territory became the site of first nuclear tests and just a decade later, a naval base was constructed on the southern most tip of the atoll, which stands there to this day.
The 1920s and 1930s were characterized by political instability and general wealth inequality. Economically, the country was prosperous, though politically, high political division, infighting in the parties and a dissatisfaction of the more conservative wing of voters of the ruling Liberal Party and a number of scandals regarding public financing and tax reform directly caused the victory of the United Morrawia Party. The party went on to dominate the political landscape for more than 20 years. Despite their political, affiliation, popular policy of Direktiwa was kept and even expanded under their leadership. 1925 marked the Morrawian blockade of Cordomonivance, due to their treatment of Slavs on their territory. The intervention ended in 1931 with a Smoke Room Agreement, starting a gradual decline of the right wing support in Morrawia. In 1932, fraudulent presidential election saw a major shift on the political scene, when New Democratic Party, along with other opposition parties, won both House and Senate elections. By the end of the 1930s, Zhiguryian imperial government sought refuge in Morrawia after their civil war, which ended in the leftist victory in Zhiguryia. With them, the result of the conflict saw the influx of almost a million Zhiguryians, coming to Morrawia and settling mainly in the eastern coast. From that point, large communities formed, called Zhigutowns or Żewuly, with a presence of Yakuza-like organizations, emerging as the formidable threat in the latter half of the 20th century in these areas. 1941 saw the complete ban of the United Morrawia Party from both national and local politics, by the Constitutional Tribunal. This was the start of the "Second Progressive Era".
Contemporary Period (1964-present)
20th century (1912-2000)
After the Great War, Morrawia became more and more involved in international politics, mainly as a opponent of authoritarian regimes. In 1903, voting for women was passed. In the whole 20th century, Morrawia experienced its second golden age after The Great War, where Morrawia was supplying democratic states with weapons, military equipment and food against the imperial powers. Thanks to fight never being on its territory and stability after the war, Morrawian economy exploded. During the Era of Civil Wars, Morrawia has seen itself elevated to the status of big power. The year 1915 marked the last time Morrawia expanded its territory as it took advantage of the ongoing civil war in Anáhuac, while also continuing the policy of rapid global expansion after the end of the Great War by seizing the Atolón Adelaida or Adelajdský/Adélský atol as its known in Morrawia. Initially thought to be a useless piece of land, Adelaide Atoll has quickly transformed a hub of scientist, fishermen and guano mining. In the latter half of the century, Atoll became a witness to Morrawia nuclear tests. Today, Atoll holds a Navy base as well as small remnants of guano mines. In 1937, Zhiguryian Civil War ended in the leftist victory and the Federal Government allowed old imperial government to make Morrawia base of its operation until it can reclaim its territory back. Though there was help given by the government in the ways of housing, basic supplies and testing bases, Morrawia has never once provided Zhyguryians with military back up for their invasion and in 1964, there were banished from the country and the military personnell aswell as civilians were allowed to stay or leave the country. Furthermore in 1937, with the waves of Zhiguryian nationals, large communities called Zhigutowns or Žewuly (in Morrawian) were created in mostly coastal or very eastern cities across the eastern coast. With it Yakuza-like organizations gained prevelance in the day-to-day life of people on the eastern coast and became quite a formidable threat in the latter half of the 20th century. Following the capturing of new territories, in 1946, Foreign Intelligence Agency was formed to gather intelligence from all over the world in order to protect Morrawian interests. In 1948, it was one of the original signatories of Argdan Treaty, which guaranteed basic human rights. The country got involved in many conflict over the years, and it was very active on the international stage. Social changes began mainly in the 1950s with many progressive presidents starting to get into office. This for example meant that Tawuii became a full state in 1958. Many policies of segregation and racism were starting to go away, but only very slowly. In the 1950s, construction of highways began across the country, which changed the country forever. Morrawia has seen one unsuccessfull coup attempt in 1964, which was quickly put down right in the beginning, but saw the death of President Walmark in the hands of one of the people responsible for a coup. In the 1980s, changes in immigration policy meant, that great amount of people entered the country. In 1985, Morrawia closely watched the conflict between Salamat and Khirmania as it was rooting for Khirmania and fall of Salamat regime. That same year, almost 5.1 million people immigrated to Morrawia, a historic peak.
Attempted Coup of 1964
From the late 30s to the early 80s, whole world experienced, what is called Era of Civil Wars. From the start, Morrawia largely avoided the instability, by having a really good economy and high living standards. Inspired by many ideological streams from abroad, many groups in the society were starting to turn to more extreme ideologies. This culminated in the attempted Coup d'etat of 1964, when armed man, mostly from the ranks of military and armed militias tried to take over Congress and kill President Walmark and subsequently take over the country. This effort largely failed as there was a heavy resistance in the form of Congress Guard Department, which, although with heavy casulties, managed to hold the attackers until the National Guard came in to help and eliminate them. Sadly, President Walmark was killed, when his motorcade was driving to safety and it was attacked. This marked the first and only time, the head of state was assasinated, while in office. Furthermore, action was not limited to only a capital. In 17 other states, some kind if attack happened, all towards important governmental buildings or military bases. These were also repeled by a combination of National Guard, military and local law enforcement. After everything had cooled down, all people, who helped to organize the attempted coup and were not killed in action were sentenced to life in prison. Coincidentaly, death of President Walmark prompted a debate whether expand death sentences for the bigger variety of crimes. Congress passed many legislations afterwards, which modified existing laws on conspiracy, murder of government officials and more. There was a spike in the following years in the number of police officers and soldiers and the country was, until late 1970s in the state of paranoia. 1980s saw a great relaxing of tensions within the nation. This attitude continued and was a set up for the next decade.
Geography
The vast majority of Morrawia´s territory and population is situated in Southern Thrismari and is called Metropolitan Morrawia, to distinguish it from the country's overseas territories. It is bordered by the Verisch Sea in the northwest, the Bay of Morawa in the south, and Alabaster Gulf together with the southern Sunadic Ocean in the east. Its land borders consist of Lindstaten in the west, and Wassilia in the south. Except for the northwest and southeast, most of Morrawia's land borders are roughly delineated by natural boundaries and geographic features: to the west, north, south and northeast, the Great Tatras Mountains, Duryṅ Mountains, Wáwer Hills and Náwarské Hills, respectively. Due to its shape, Morrawia is often referred to as the "Southern H". Metropolitan Morrawia includes various coastal islands mainly in the east and in the south. Metropolitan Morrawia is situated mostly between latitudes 48° and 51° N, and longitudes 12° W and 19° E, on the southern edge of Thrismari, and thus lies within the southern temperate zone.
Morrawia´s total area, with its overseas territories (Tawuii and Adelaide Atoll), covers 480,516.63 square kilometres (185,528.51 sq mi), the average to below average amongst Southern Thrismari countries. Morrawia possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the south, southeast, east and northwest, and west and north to mountain ranges and the Farská Massif in the south and south-central. The highest point in the country, Mount Owċín is 2501 metres above sea level located in the Duryṅ Mountains.
Morrawia's longest rivers are the Morawa, the Nutra, the Lew, and the Wor. Apart these The other major rivers include the Tatra, the Hron and the Wágh. The country possesses a high density of lakes, numbering around 800 and mostly concentrated in the northern region of Slowannia, within the Slowannian Lake Territory.
Environment
Morrawia was one of the first countries to create an environment ministry, in 1970. Although it is one of the most industrialised countries in the world, Morrawia is ranked lower by carbon dioxide emissions, behind less populous nations such in Anteria. This is due to the country's heavy investment in nuclear power following the 1972 oil crisis, which now accounts for 61 percent of its electricity production and results in less pollution. Morrawia is considered one of the most environmentally catious nations in the world according to numerous ratings and studies.
Forests account for 35 percent of Morrawia's land area representing an increase of 8 percent since 1990. Morrawian forests are some of the most diverse in Southern Thrismari, comprising more than 130 species of trees.
The national parks of Morrawia are a system of 27 national parks, national preserves, natural protected territories, national maritime areas or national wildlife reservations throughout metropolitan Morrawia and its overseas territories, coordinated by National Park Service (Morrawian: Spráwa národních parkú) within the Morrawian Ministry of the Environment. The first national park was established in 1895; the most recent park was established in 2017. National parks and other protected areas are created by Presidential Decree with the signature. Amongst the most famous national parks and other protected areas are Duryṅ Mountains National Park, Modrá Woda Canyon National Park, Great Tatras National Park and Slowannian Lake Territory.
Climate
The climate of Morrawia is generally favourable to cultivation. Most of Morrawia lies in the southern part of the temperate zone, although the subtropical zone encompasses its southern and northeastern fringe. Almost all of Morrawia is considered to be under the effect of oceanic influences, moderated by the currents of Sunadic Ocean on the east, Bay of Morrawa to the south, and the Verisch Sea on the northwest. Average annual temperatures decline to the north, with Králowec on the Pine Coast at 15 °C (59 °F) and Hejná on the northern border at 10 °C (50 °F).
Rainfall is brought mainly by easterly winds from the Sunadic and is characterized by cyclonic depressions. Annual precipitation is more than 1,270 mm (50 inches) at higher elevations in western and northern Morrawia. In winter central and northern Morrawia especially may come under the influence of the continental high-pressure system, which brings extremely cold conditions and temperature inversions over the cities, during which cold air is trapped below warmer air, with consequent fogs and urban pollution. The climate of Morrawia, then, can be discussed according to three major climatic zones — oceanic, continental, and sea, with some variation in the Farská Massif and in the mountains.
Throughout the year, the coldest temperatures are recorded in Tawuii, while the warmest temperatures typically are in the eastern and southern part of the country and on the Adelaide Atoll.
Administrative divisions
The Morrawian Republic is divided into 16 states (located in Thrismari and overseas), 3 city-states, 1 federal district, and one unincorporated territory, an uninhabited island with a Navy base directly under the authority of the Minister of Defense.
Subdivisions
Since 1958, Morrawia is divided into 20 federal subjects: 16 states, 3 city-states, 1 federal district and one unincorporated territory. The states are further subdivided into 206 counties, which are usually named after a figure, place or historical event and are also numbered alphabetically. The county name is used for administrative purposes, postal services or tourism advertisments, while numbers are used voting and elections, for emergency services and statistical analysis.
The 206 counties are subdivided into 5000+ municipalities, which are, in turn, partially subdivided into 510 special designated areas, government districts or military facilities. These special areas, created in 1917, are usually government property used for various purposes like management, defense, agriculture and more and are subject to special laws.
Demographics
With an estimated January 2023 population of 88,052,791 people, Morrawia is considered one of the more populous countries in the world and Thrismari.
Morrawia is an outlier among developed countries, particularly in Thrismari (more specifically the southern part of the continent), for its relatively high rate of natural population growth. Between 2007 and 2017, Morrawia saw one of the highest overall increase in population in the region of southern Thrismari and was one countries where natural births accounted for the most population growth. This was the highest rate since the end of the baby boom in 1975 and helped the country greatly after almost a decade of stagnation and even decline in the early 2000s.
As of January 2021, the fertility rate declined slightly to 1.74 children per woman, below the replacement rate of 2.1, and considerably below the high of 4.41 in 1800. Morrawia's fertility rate and crude birth rate nonetheless remain among the higher ones amongst developed nations. However, like many developed nations, the Morrawian population is aging; the average age is 42.7 years, while about a sixth of Morrawian people are 65 or over. The average life expectancy at birth is 81.6 years.
From 2006 to 2011, population growth averaged 1.2 percent per year; since 2011, annual growth has been between 0.9 to 1.01 percent annually. Immigrants are major contributors to this trend; in 2010, 21 percent of newborns in Morrawia had at least one foreign-born parent.
Ethnic composition of Morrawia (2018)
Ethnic groups
Historically, Morrawian people were mainly of Slavic-Germanic origin, with a significant admixture of Kakish and Native groups reflecting centuries of respective migration and settlement. Through the course of the Middle Ages, Morrawia incorporated various neighbouring ethnic and linguistic groups, as evidenced by Lindstatenian elements in the north and Wassilian in the south.
Large-scale immigration over the last century and a half have led to a more multicultural society; beginning with the Great Morrawian Revolution, and further codified in 1972 with the 40th Amendment, the government is prohibited from collecting data on ethnicity and ancestry; most demographic information is drawn from private sector organizations or academic institutions. In 2020, the Montany Institute estimated that within Metropolitan Morrawia, 67 million people were White (77% of the population), 5 million were Native (6% of the population), 4 million were Black (5% of the population), and 11 million were of other ethnicities, mainly those from Olivacia and Thuadia (8% of the population).
A 2015 poll conducted jointly by the National Veligrad Intitute of Science and Demographics and the Morrawian National Statistics Bureau estimated that the largest ancestry groups were Zhiguryian (5 million), followed by Kakish (4-5 million), Wassilians (2-3 million), and Hylians (800,000). There are also sizeable minorities of other Thrismari ethnic groups, namely Kakish, Foxomexran, and Ahians.
Immigration
It is currently estimated that 40% of the Morrawian population is descended at least partially from the different waves of immigration since the mid-19th century; between 1860 and 1871 alone, about 2.7 million net immigrants came to Morrawia with another large wave coming in the 1930s, where about 1.9 million net immigrants came to the country. The largest wave came in the 1960s and in the 1980s when around 3.1 and 3.5 million immigrants came to the country following the a search for better life or escape from war-torn regions during the Age of Civil Wars. They were joined by numerous former colonial subjects from Western Olivacia and Thuadia, as well as numerous Thrismarian immigrants from Kakland and Meredonne immigrants from Hylia.
Especially in the 1930s, migrant camps and shanty towns sprung out throughout the eastern and southern coast of Morrawia due to mass migration from Zhiguryia after local civil war concluded and over a million Zhiguryian nationals arrived at the shores of Morrawia. These migrant camps stayed well over to 1970s, when they finally disappeared around 1978, after several federal programs to help the immigrants integrate into the society.
Major cities
Morrawia is a highly urbanised country, with its largest cities being Králowec (3,539,961 inh.), Berno (2,729,794), Torín (2,436,865), Kalmary (2,097,162), Veligrad (1,793,766), Elbenau (1,525,973), Latinow (1,192,490), Wratislaw (1,004,917), Tatrany (895,738), and Bulhary (601,648). Rural flight was a perennial political issue throughout most of the 20th century.
Largest Cities in Morrawia
Morrawian 2018 Census | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | State/City-state | Pop. | |||||||
 Králowec  Berno |
1 | Králowec | Federal District of Králowec | 3,539,961 |  Torín  Kalmary | ||||
| 2 | Berno | Great City of Berno | 2,729,794 | ||||||
| 3 | Torín | Turhinia | 2,436,865 | ||||||
| 4 | Kalmary | City of Kalmary | 2,097,162 | ||||||
| 5 | Veligrad | City of Veligrad | 1,793,766 | ||||||
| 6 | Elbenau | Elbennia | 1,525,973 | ||||||
| 7 | Latinow | Wallashia | 1,192,490 | ||||||
| 8 | Wratislaw | Polinia | 1,004,917 | ||||||
| 9 | Tatrany | Slowannia | 895,738 | ||||||
| 10 | Bulhary | Pallawy | 601,648 | ||||||
Language
The official language of Morrawia is Morrawian, a Slavic language derived from Proto-Slavic, and German, a Germanic language derived from ancient Germanic. Since 1515, the Academy of Morrawia has been Morrawia's official authority on the Morrawian language, although its recommendations carry no legal weight. There are also regional languages spoken in Morrawian, such as Turhinian, Sollandish, Pomarian, Slowannian, Rhiwennian (German dialect), and Tawuiiese (Native dialect).
Morrawian alphabet has 39 letters: Aa Áá Bb Cc Ċċ Dd Ee Éé Ėė Ff Gg Hh Ii Íí Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Ṅṅ Oo Óó Pp Qq Rr Ṙṙ Ss Ṡṡ Tt Ṫṫ Uu Úú Vv Ww Xx Yy Ýý Zz Żż. The stress is always on the first syllable. Words can be relatively flexibly move around the sentence. Foreign words are written exactly like they are in that particular language with possible exceptions in pronouns, though this is not a concrete rule. Sounds, the standard alphabet doesn´t have a letter for also exist. The whole language dates back to the 7th century.
The Government of Morrawia does not regulate the choice of language in publications by individuals, but the use of Morrawian language is required by law in commercial and workplace communications. Since 1966, German is also required, but only in majority German speaking states like Rhiwennia and Elbennia. In addition to mandating the use of Morrawia in the territory of the Republic, the Morrawian government tries to promote Morrawian in Southern Thrismari and globally through institutions such as the International Court. The perceived threat, especially in the past, from Germanification has prompted efforts to safeguard the position of the Morrawian language in Morrawia ever since the end of the Great Morrawian Revolution. Besides Morrawian, there exist 37 vernacular minority languages of Morrawia, 12 spoken in Morrawian metropolitan territory and 25 in the Morrawian overseas territories. It is estimated that between 100 million and 200 million people worldwide can speak Morrawian, either as a mother tongue or as a second language.
According to the 2010 survey carried out in Morrawia by the Institute of Linguistics and based on a sample of 15,350 persons, Morrawian was the native language of 76.4% of the total population, or roughly 65 million people, followed by German (12.9%, 11 million), Zhiguryian (3.5%, 960,000), Native dialects (1.0%, 770,000) and Hylian (0.3%, 640,000). Native speakers of other languages made up the remaining 5.9% of the population.
Religion
Religion in Morrawia (2015)
Morrawia is a secular country in which freedom of religion is a constitutional right. Morrawian religious policy is based on the concept of svėtskost, a strict separation of church and state under which public life is kept completely secular. Until 1901, the exception to this were the states of Rhiwennia and Fallaine where Protestantism, Catholicism and Judaism enjoyed official status and state funding and were given these privilages after the revolution as to prevent them from seceding.
According to a survey held in 2015 by Montany Institute and NSB, 67% of the total population of Morrawia was Christian, 19% had no religion (atheism or agnosticism), 2% were followers of native religions and 12% were followers of other faiths. Estimates of the number of Natives in Morrawia vary widely. In 2003, the Morrawian Ministry of the Interior estimated the total number of people of Native background to be between 2 and 3 million. The current Jewish community in Morrawia is one of the largest in Southern Thrismari, ranging between 480,000 and 600,000, about 0.6% of the population as of 2016.
Catholicism has been the predominant religion in Morrawia almost all of its history, though starting with the 1500s and in years leading up to the Great Morrawian Revolution, Protestantism became the dominant religion in the country. However it is not as actively practised today as it was. Among the 50,000 religious buildings in Morrawia, 87% are Protestant. During the Great Morrawian Revolution, activists conducted a campaign of de-Catholisation (part of the Silent Revolution movement), ending the Catholic Church as the state religion. In some cases, clergy and churches were attacked, with iconoclasm stripping the churches of statues and ornaments. Constitution of Morrawia established freedom of religion and official state secularism, strict separation of church and state, which established the principle of svėtskost.
To this day, the government is prohibited from recognising any specific right to a religious community (except for legacy statutes like those of military chaplains and in the past for the local law in Fallaine and Rhiwennia). It recognises religious organisations according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organisations are expected to refrain from intervening in policymaking and are exempt from taxes, if they don´t violate the legal criteria.
Certain groups, such as Capitology, Church of Satan, the Morrawist Church, or the Children of the Trinity are considered cults ("sekty" in Morrawian); therefore they do not have the same status as recognised religions in Morrawia. Sects is considered a pejorative term in Morrawia.
In June 2023, Representative Wáclaw Folina (L) proposed the bill, that would abolish the tax exemption of officially recognized religions.
Health
The Morrawian health care system is one of universal health care largely financed by government national health insurance. In a 2010 assessment of world health care systems, it was found that Morrawia provided the "close to best overall health care" in the world. The Morrawian health care system was ranked consistently one of the best system worldwide for the last 40 years. In 2021, Morrawia spent 10.7% of its GDP on health care, or ACU 3 596 per capita, a figure much higher than the average spent by countries around Southern Thrismari. Approximately 80% of health expenditures are covered by government-funded agencies.
Care is generally free for people affected by chronic diseases such as cancer, AIDS or cystic fibrosis. The life expectancy at birth is 79 years for men and 83 years for women, one of the highest in the the World. There are 3.55 physicians for every 1000 inhabitants in Morrawia. As of 2017, approximately 120,000 inhabitants (0.13%) of Morrawia are living with HIV/AIDS. Emergency services are widely available and can be dialed with the number 717.
Education
Responsibility for educational supervision in Morrawia is primarily organized within the individual states and regulated by the federal government´s Ministry of Education through restrictions on federal grants and basic regulations on educational curriculum and framework with education being widely different between the individual school districts. Optional kindergarten education is provided for all children between three and six years old, with the final year being mandatory in most states, after which school attendance is compulsory for at least nine years depending on the state. Primary education usually lasts for four to six years. Secondary schooling is divided into tracks based on whether students pursue academic or vocational education. A system of apprenticeship called Wzdėláwací program práce leads to a skilled qualification which is almost comparable to an academic degree. It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school. This model is well regarded and reproduced all around the world.
Of Morrawians 25 and older, 90.6% graduated from high school, 47.2% attended some college, 29.7% earned a bachelor's degree, and 9.4% earned graduate degrees. The basic literacy rate is approximately 99%.
Most of the Morrawian universities are public institutions, and students traditionally study without fee payment. The general requirement for attending university is the ''Arbituráṙ''. According to an education report in 2014, Morrawia is one of the world's leading destinations for international study. The established universities in Morrawia include some of the oldest in the world, with Králowec University (established in 1245), Morrawian Royal College (established in 1370) and the University of Tatrany (established in 1419) being the oldest. Other well known universities include Overseas University of Shomooshi, Bohemian State University and Veligrad University. In Morrawia, there exists a number of prestigious and selective Academies, formerly forms of higher education for the aristocracy. The Academies have been criticized for alleged elitism, producing many of Morrawia's high-ranking civil servants, CEOs and politicians. The Günterholt University of Elbenau, founded in 1810 by the liberal educational reformer Kurt von Günterholt, became the academic model for many Thrismarian universities.
Morrawia spent 6.75% of its GDP on education in 2021, and increase of 1.2% from the same time in 2020.
Government
The Republic of Morrawia is a federation whose government is representative, democratic and republican based on a presidential system according to the 1861 Constitution. The constitution establishes three levels of government: the federal government, the state governments and the municipal governments. According to the constitution, all constituent states of the federation must have a republican form of government composed of three branches: the executive, represented by a governor and an appointed cabinet, the legislative branch constituted by a legislature of either bicameral or unicameral character and the judiciary, which will include a state Supreme Court. They also have their own civil and judicial codes.
Furthermore, constitution establishes counties as middle entities between state and municipality and through itself or amendments creates a framework of powers and responsibilities, each county and district have. These changed quite a lot throughout history and are generally under control and administration of state governments.
The federal legislature is the bicameral Federal Congress, composed of the Senate of the Republic and the House of Representatives. The Congress makes federal law, declares war, imposes taxes, approves the national budget and international treaties, and ratifies diplomatic appointments.
The Federal Congress, as well as the state legislatures, are elected by a system that includes plurality and proportional representation for Senate and the House respectively. The House of Representatives has 741 representatives. These are voted every 4 years with multiple parties having a seat in the House. The requirement for the seat is at least 5 percent of the vote. The Senate is made up of 140 senators. Senators are voted for 6 years with elections every two year that replace 1/3 of the total senators. Every state is eligible for exactly 7 senators each.
The executive is the President of the Republic of Morrawia, who is the head of state and government, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Morrawian armed forces. The President also appoints the Cabinet and appoints other officers like Supreme Court justices. The President is responsible for executing and enforcing the law, and has the power to veto bills.
The highest organ of the judicial branch of government is the Supreme Court of the Republic of Morrawia, the national supreme court, which has twelve justices appointed by the President and approved by the Judicial Selection Commission and the Senate. The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeals in the country for civil and other non-governmental matters. Other institutions of the highest judiciary are the Council of State, which serves as the highest court appeals in the matter of public complaints against governmental decisions and power and Constitutional Tribunal ensuring the constitutionality of laws and statutes passed in the country. Judiciary is independent of the government and the appointees by the President for Supreme Court, Constitutional Tribunal and Council of State justice need to be approved by the Judicial Selection Commission, which is also independent. Other federal judges need only the approval of the Senate. These judges are for example in Federal Precinct Courts and Federal District Courts.
Following the fraudulent 1932 Presidential election in hand of the government´s Electoral Administration, an independent institute to oversee the electoral agency was created, National Electoral Office, now the Federal Election Commission. The Electoral Administration, which was seen as highly political was abolished in 1952 and the independent FEC became a primary administrator of federal elections in the country.
For the entirety of the 20th century, leftist parties, like Socialist Party of Morrawia and Morrawian Communist Front were fairly popular amongst the populace with even 2 presidents being elected in 1968 and 1980 for the Socialist Party of Morrawia. While the MSS remained fairly popular to this day, gaining the third biggest share of votes in the 2020 Federal House Election as well as securing 2022 Federal Senate Election, while being prevalent in state and local legislatures, Morrawian Communist Front formerly ceased to exist in 2002 due to various factors like general unpopularity for the extreme ideology in the country, political pressure, political and ideologic similarity to other parties like the Socialist Party of Morrawia, and to certain extent even the Liberal Party and also many corruption and political scandals throughout its history.
Morrawia's right and far-right parties are in the Morrawian political landscape considered "established" parties, as they have been dominating the political landscape for the first 50 years after the revolution. Constitutionalist Party, which later became Republican and National Party have been a dominant force of countries progress up until the early 20th century, when more centre and left-leaning parties started to get elected, partly due to the lowering of electoral threshold from 10% to 5%. Far-right parties were and still are rare, most successful being the United Morrawia Party, which saw huge electoral victories in the 1920s, 30s and early 40s, until their eventual ban from national and local politics by the Constitutional Tribunal after a vote in both the House and the Senate for their "highly dangerous, divisive and un-republican behaviour and actions". Today, only National Unity Alliance, a far-right populist party is present in the Senate with only 3 seats.
| State | Population | Capital | Governor |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELBENNIA | 9 309 915 - 79 seats in House of Representatives | Elbenau | Johaness Engel (Republican Party) |
| POLINIA | 8 805 519 - 74 seats in House of Representatives | Ostrowno | Mateusz Potėpa (Liberal Party) |
| PALLAWY | 7 610 989 - 64 seats in House of Representatives | Bulhary | Wáclaw Kraus (Federalist Party) |
| TURHINIA | 7 012 341 - 59 seats in House of Representatives | Torín | Jana Stránská (Republican Party) |
| CARRIPATIA | 6 389 701 - 54 seats in House of Representatives | Slawiċná | Marta Richterowá (Federalist Party) |
| LECHOWIA | 5 915 412 - 50 seats in House of Representatives | Osterawa | Waldemar Hanuṡ (New Democratic Party) |
| SOLLANDY | 4 866 764 - 42 seats in House of Representatives | Ritáṅ | Tomáṡ Burian (New Democratic Party) |
| SLOWANNIA | 4 641 942 - 39 seats in House of Representatives | Tatrany | Alexandr Zawadzký (Liberal Party) |
| POMARIA | 4 127 823 - 36 seats in House of Representatives | Nowý Targ | Petr Ṙehák (Liberal Party) |
| WALLASHIA | 4 036 644 - 35 seats in House of Representatives | Latinow | Radek Potmėšil (Liberal Party) |
| RHIWENNIA | 3 923 017 - 34 seats in House of Representatives | Strauheim | Gustaw Kowáṙ (National Party) |
| ZAPADOSLAWIA | 3 905 113 - 34 seats in House of Representatives | Pilzáṅ | Alois Horáċek (New Democratic Party) |
| NORTH BANAWIA | 2 000 112 - 18 seats in House of Representatives | Laden | Konstantin Blumberg (Republican Party) |
| PALACIA | 1 555 633 - 14 seats in House of Representatives | Krakowec | Vincent Schlamme (Socialist Party) |
| SOUTH BANAWIA | 728 381 - 7 seats in House of Representatives | Marwany | Oliwer Urbánek (New Democratic Party) |
| TAWUII | 652 352 - 6 seats in House of Representatives | Shimooto | Lulani Makani (Tawuiiese Progressive Party) |
| CITY OF VELIGRAD | 1 753 766 - 16 seats in House of Representatives | Veligrad | Theodor Adamċek (Liberal Party) |
| CITY OF KALMARY | 2 097 162 - 19 seats in House of Representatives | Kalmary | Radim Morawec (Unionist Party) |
| GREAT CITY OF BERNO | 2 729 854 - 24 seats in House of Representatives | Berno | Miroslava Zavadilová (Liberal Party) |
| FEDERAL DISTRICT OF KRÁLOWEC | 4 324 741 - 37 seats in House of Representatives | Králowec | Zdenėk Vídeṅský (Liberal Party) |
Law
Morrawia uses a civil legal system, wherein law arises primarily from written statutes; judges are not to make law, but merely to interpret it (though the amount of judicial interpretation in certain areas makes it equivalent to case law in a common law system). Basic principles of the rule of law were laid in the Josephinian Code. In agreement with the core principles of the Great Morrawian Revolution, summarized in the Almanach of the Power and of the People, written by Tristan Palacký, the law should only prohibit actions detrimental to society. As Alois Sitta, first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court wrote about the management of prisons: "Freedom is the rule, and its restriction is the exception; any restriction of Freedom must be provided for by Law and must follow the principles of necessity and proportionality." That is, Law should lay out prohibitions only if they are needed, and if the inconveniences caused by this restriction do not exceed the inconveniences that the prohibition is supposed to remedy.
Morrawian law is divided into two principal areas: private law and public law. Private law includes, in particular, civil law and criminal law. Public law includes, in particular, administrative law and constitutional law. However, in practical terms, Morrawia law comprises three principal areas of law: civil law, criminal law, and administrative law. Criminal laws can only address the future and not the past (criminal ex post facto laws are prohibited). While administrative law is often a subcategory of civil law in many countries, it is completely separated in Morrawia and each body of law is headed by a specific supreme court: ordinary courts (which handle criminal and civil litigation) are headed by the Supreme Court and administrative courts are headed by the Council of State. The last court is completely separate from the rest and is called Constitutional Tribunal, which monitors governments decisions in order to protect the constitutional order in the country.
Morrawia does not recognize religious law as a motivation for the enactment of prohibitions; it has long abolished blasphemy laws and sodomy laws (the latter in 1862). However, "offences against public decency" (pṙestupky proti weṙejné mrawnosti) or disturbing public order (naruṡowání weṙejného poṙádku) have been used to repress public expressions of homosexuality or street prostitution. Since 1990, civil unions for homosexual couples are permitted, and since 2006 and 2008, same-sex marriage and LGBT adoption are legal respectively. Morrawia generally has a positive reputation regarding LGBT rights. Laws prohibiting discriminatory speech in the press are as old as 1878. Some consider hate speech laws in Morrawia to be too broad or severe, undermining freedom of speech. Morrawia has laws against racism and antisemitism and recently even homophobia, while the 1995 Ṡwehla Act prohibits denial of colonial atrocities.
Freedom of religion is constitutionally guaranteed by the 1856 Articles of Federation and subsequently by the 1860 Constitution of Morrawia, which also defined separation of church and state and a principe of svėtskost (except in North Banawia and Rhiwennia until 1901). The state does not formally recognize any religion. Nonetheless, Morrawia does recognize religious associations. The Federal Congress has listed many religious movements as dangerous cults since 1984 and has banned wearing conspicuous religious symbols in schools since 2006.
In 2023, it tried to ban the wearing of face-covering Islamic veils in public, however the bill didn´t pass the Senate.
Foreign relations
Morrawia has a network of 154 diplomatic missions abroad and maintains relations with majority of nations on Anteria. Since the early 20th century, Morrawia is becoming increasingly connected by being a member in many international organizations. These include for example ANTERPOL. Morrawia is also a founding member of The International Court and Veligrad Pact and Veligrad Space Administration. As a significant hub for international relations, Morrawia has large assembly of diplomatic missions. It also hosts the headquarters of several international organisations, including the The International Bar Association, and Veligrad Pact.
Morrawian foreign policy after the Great War has been largely shaped by the policy of self-determination, cooperation and priority focus on national interest. Since the 1920s, Morrawia has developed close ties with nations around the Alabaster Gulf in order to strengthen the cooperation and the standing of the country. In the 1960s, Morrawia sought closer ties with Kakland specifically in an attempt to break historical rivarly and to bring two nations closer in trade, research and other areas. Apart from that, various intelligence and security agencies operate in and outside of Morrawia to protect it and its citizens, such as Foreign Intelligence Bureau, Federal Investigation Bureau and Federal Aviation Administration.
Morrawia is a founding member of the Veligrad Pact (VP) in 1941, but under President Antonín Beneṡ took a policy stance to disregard any decision passed by the members, that wouldn´t align with Morrawian national interests, and to preserve the independence of Morrawian foreign and security policies.
In 2015, Morrawia was one of the largest aid donors globally. Aid is provided by the governmental Office of Foreign Assistance under Morrawia´s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which finances primarily humanitarian projects in Olivacia and Thuadia, with an emphasis on "developing infrastructure, access to health care and education, the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy".
In 2023, Morrawia declared war on the People´s Republic of Anavero after the country sank Morrawian cargoship and what the report from Ministry of Foreign Affairs said to be "endless string of international law violations, senseless agressive behaviour and endagering Morrawia´s core values". In the same year, Morrawia helped with the relief in Pohnpenesia, after the nation was struck by a tsunami (which also hit Oomoshi Islands), as well as helped the Galeteri with post-earthquake aid.
Military
The Morrawian Armed Forces (Morawské ozbrojené síly) are the military and paramilitary forces of Morrawia, under the President of the Republic as Commander-In-Chief. They consist of the Morrawian Army (Armáda Morawské republiky), the Morrawian Navy (Námoṙnictwo Morawské republiky), the Morrawian Air Force (Vzduṡné síly Morawské republiky), and the Morrawian Marine Corps (Námoṙní pėchota Morawské republiky). Together they are among the largest armed forces in the world. According to a 2018 study, the Morrawian Armed Forces ranked as one of the world's most powerful military. Morrawia's annual military expenditure in 2022 was ACU 91.1 billion, or 3.1% of its GDP, making it one of the biggest military spenders in the world. There has been no national conscription since 1998.
Morrawia has been a recognized nuclear state since 1951. It has yet to join any nuclear regulatory organization or a treaty of similar effect, instead choosing to regulate itself, stating national sovereignty reasons. The Morrawia nuclear force consists of 5 Centurion-class submarines equipped with submarine-launched ballistic missiles. In addition to the submarine fleet, it is estimated that Morrawia has about 105 medium-range and long-range air-to-ground missiles with nuclear warheads; 65 are deployed by the Air Force using the SJN-13 long-range nuclear strike aircraft, 20 are deployed by the Army and 20 are deployed by the Morrawian Navy's F1 Super Bomber attack aircraft, which operate from the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Karl Walmark. The new KONDOR F5 aircraft will gradually replace all SJN-13 in the nuclear strike role with the improved missiles with a nuclear warhead.
Morrawia has major military industries, big aerospace sectors and one of the largest weapon manufacturing businesses in the world. The country has produced such equipment as the KONDOR fighter, the Karl Walmark aircraft carrier, the Excalibur missile and the Kerger tank among others. Morrawia is actively investing in South Thrismaran joint projects such as fighter jets, multipurpose frigates and continental missile bombers. Morrawia is a major arms seller, with most of its arsenal's designs available for the export market, except for nuclear-powered devices.
One Morrawian intelligence unit, the Military Intelligence Agency (Wojenská zprawodajská slużba), is considered to be a component of the Armed Forces under the authority of the Ministry of Defense. The other, the Military Gendarmerie Bureau (Úřad vojenského četnictva) was for a long time a part of the Ministry of the Interior, however in 2001, it has been transferred under authority of the Ministry of Defense as well. Morrawia's cybersecurity capabilities are regularly ranked as some of the most robust of any nation in the world.
Morrawian weapons exports totaled 25 billion ACU in 2022, up from 17 billion ACU the previous year 2021. In 2023, weapon exports have slightly slowed due the conflict in Anavero.
Economy
Morrawia has a mixed market economy, characterised by sizeable government involvement, and economic diversity. For roughly two centuries, the Morrawian economy has consistently ranked among the largest globally and in the southern Thrismari by metrics of purchasing power and GDP per capita. Morrawia is considered an economic power, with membership in many world trade and economic policy organizations.
Morrawia's economy is highly diversified; services represent two-thirds of both the workforce and GDP, while the industrial sector accounts for a fifth of GDP and a similar proportion of employment. Morrawia is one of the biggest manufacturing countries in Thrismari. Less than 2 per cent of GDP is generated by the primary sector, namely agriculture; however, Morrawia's agricultural sector is among the largest in value and leads the Thrismari in terms of overall production.
In 2018, Morrawia was the leading trading nation in the world and one of the largest in Thrismari, with the value of exports representing over a fifth of GDP. Despite protectionist policies over certain industries, particularly in agriculture and sea production, Morrrawia has generally played a leading role in fostering free trade and commercial integration in Thrismari to enhance its economy. In 2019, it ranked in top places in southern Thrismari and the world in foreign direct investment, with Thrismaran countries and Hylia being leading sources. According to the Federal Bank of Morrawia, which conducts country´s monetary policy, the leading recipients of FDI were manufacturing, sea production, finance, luxury goods and insurance. The Králowec and Torín region has one of the highest concentration of multinational firms in southern Thrismari.
Under the doctrine of ''Direktiwa'', the government historically played a major role in the economy; policies such as indicative planning and nationalisation are credited for contributing to five decades of unprecedented postwar economic growth known as Půl století jara, which was followed by what some call Půl století léta, as this rapid growth continued, though not as much as in the previous 50 years. At its peak in 1985, the public sector accounted for one-fifth of industrial employment and over four-fifths of the credit market. Beginning in the mid 20th century, Morrawia experienced minor economic problems continuing into the 1960s, In 1990s onwards, Morrawia loosened regulations and state involvement in the economy, with many leading companies now being privately owned; state ownership now dominates transportation, defense, oil and gas production and broadcasting. Despite this, recent trends show a return to more extensive state involvement. Policies aimed at promoting economic dynamism and privatisation have improved Morrawia's economic standing globally: it is among the world's most innovative countries and one of the most competitive.
The Králowec stock exchange (Morrawia: Králowecká burza) is one of the oldest in the world, created by Joseph I in 1810.
Taxes are collected by Federal Revenue Service led by Federal Treasurer Michael Rosztenjsky as of 2020, though taxes are often part of bought products and other amenities.
Historically Morrawia has been one of the world's major agricultural centres and remains a "global agricultural powerhouse", Morrawia is a leading exporter of agricultural products. Nicknamed "the granary of the southern continent", over half its total land area is farmland, of which 40 per cent is devoted to permanent field crops such as cereals. The country's diverse climate, extensive arable land, modern farming technology, and government subsidies have made it southern Thrismaria's leading agricultural producer and exporter.
| Economic Indicators |
|---|
| Economic Capitals: Králowec, Torín
Currency: Morrawian Tollar (₮) Fiscal Year: 1st March of this year - 27th/28th February of the next year GDP (PPP): 3,774 TRILLION ACU GDP (PPP) per capita: 43 131 ACU GDP (nominal): 2,941 TRILLION ACU GDP (nominal) per capita: 33 611 ACU |
Tourism
With 92 million international tourist arrivals in 2018, Morrawia is one of the world's top tourist destination. However, it ranks lower in tourism-derived income due to the shorter duration of visits. The most popular tourist sites include (annual visitors): Grand Imperial Palace (10.4 million), Gardens of the Founders (6.8 million), Kalmary Promenade (3 million), Arch of the Republic (2.5 million), National Museum of Arts & Sciences (2.2 million), Pine Beach (2 million), Holowec Castle (1.6 million), Old Gertburg Castle (1 million), Joseph I Statue (500,000), Laden Military History Museum (450,000), and Elbenau Bridge (200,000).
Morrawia, especially Králowec, has some of the world's largest and most renowned museums, including the Budín, which is the one of the most visited art museum in the world (6 million visitors in 2022), the National Museum of History (4.3 million), the Sláwa Museum (1.52 million), which is home to extensive natural artifacts and rare botanical exemplars, as well as the National Museum of Arts & Sciences.
With more than 13 million tourists a year, the Lumbardýn Coast (Morrawian: Lumbardýnské pobṙeżí), a name for the whole southern (excluding Králowec area), southeastern and eastern coast of Morrawia, is the second leading tourist destination in the country, after the Králowec region. It benefits from 275 days of sunshine per year, beaches, 25 golf courses, 9 ski resorts and over 5,000 restaurants. Each year the Lumbardýn Coast hosts world's superyacht fleet, which increases in numbers every year.
With 5 million tourists a year, the castles of the Morawa and Nutra Valley and the both valleys itself are the third leading tourist destination in Morrawia; this national heritage site is noteworthy for its architectural heritage, in its historic towns but in particular its castles, such as the Holowec, Báwa, Peṙín, Volná, Ferdoṅ and Stawelburg. The Plew Chateau, Wṙesí and Kolonáda, all three located near Králowec, are also visitor attractions.
Energy
Morrawia is the world's leading producer of electricity. Federal Energy Bureau, a government organization under direct supervision of the Ministry of Energy, is the country's main producer, distributor and regulator of electricity. In 2018, FEB produced most of its energy primarily from nuclear power followed closely by hydropower. As of 2022, Morrawia was one of the biggest energy exporters in southern Thrismari.
Since the 1972 oil crisis, Morrawia has pursued a strong policy of energy security, namely through heavy investment in nuclear energy. Morrawia has 60 nuclear power plants at its disposal with 2 more being in 2025. Consequently, 72% of Morrawia's electricity is generated by nuclear power, one of the highest proportions in the world; Morrawia is considered a world leader in nuclear technology, with reactors and fuel products being major exports.
Due to its overwhelming reliance on nuclear power, renewable energies have seen relatively little growth compared to other countries. Nevertheless, between 2005 and 2020, Morrawia's production capacity from renewable energies rose consistently and nearly tripled. Hydropower is by far the leading source, accounting for over half the country's renewable energy sources and contributing 13% of its electricity. As with nuclear power, most hydroelectric plants, such as Eluzoṅ, Omeṙowice, and Griw, are managed by FEB. Morrawia aims to further expand hydropower into 2040.
Transport
Morrawia's railway network, which stretches 53,732 kilometres (33,387 mi) as of 2012, is one of the most extensive in Thrismari and the world. It is mainly operated National Railways, a state-owned company, and high-speed trains include the Sokol-One, the RWE and Stṙela, which travels at 310 km/h (193 mph). Rail connections exist to all other neighbouring countries in Thrismari. Intra-urban connections are also well developed, with most major cities having underground or tramway services complementing bus services.
There are approximately 927,183 kilometres (576,125 mi) of serviceable roadway in Morrawia, ranking it high on the list in the southern Thrismari.The Králowec and Elbenau region are enveloped with the densest network of roads and highways, which connect it with virtually all parts of the country. Morrawian roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighbouring Wassilia, and Lindstaten. There is an annual registration fee or road tax in some states; however, usage of motorways is mostly through tolls and federal vignettes exist, which can be used for up to one year throughout the whole country. The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as Morrawia, Elben, Tatra, Rewolt, and Accórd. Diesel and petrol-driven cars and busses cause a large part of the country's air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Federal Highway System of Morrawia started construction in 1925 with a passage of National Highway Act of 1925. Since then, hundreds of kilometres of highways were built with federal government giving most of the money to the states, who pay only small share of the price for new infrastructure. By 1956, 41% of all highways were built. In 1990, 91% of highways were built and contruction began in Tawuii. By 2005 all highways were built in Morrawia and its territories. All major cities are connected along with many medium-sized centers. Smaller highways and speedways are further being built to this day to connect less connected parts of the country and Morrawia with the rest of the world.
There are 451 airports in Morrawia. Králowec International Airport, located in the vicinity of Králowec, is the oldest, largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting Králowec with virtually all major cities across the world. Air Morrawia is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services. There are eleven major ports in Morrawia, the largest of which is in Veligrad, which also is the largest port in southern Thrismari. 11,749 kilometres (7,300 mi) of waterways traverse Morrawia including the Pontský kanál, which virtually connects the Alabaster Gulf to the Verisch Sea through the Lew, Morawa, Nutra and Wor rivers.
Science and technology
Since the Middle Ages, Morrawia has been a contributor to scientific and technological achievement. In 11th century, Silwestr Holdowský was a world renowned mathematician, who even appeared on the royal court. The University of Králowec and Veligrad University, founded in the mid-12th and 14th century respectively, are still one of the most important academic institutions in the world. In the 17th century, mathematician and philosopher Filip Wranský and biologist Josef Kohn were two faces of Morrawian scientific community. Both were key figures of the Scientific Revolution, which blossomed in Thrismari during this period. The Morrawia´s National Academy of Sciences, founded in the mid-17th century by Emperor Pṙemysl I to encourage and protect Morrawian scientific research, was one of the earliest national scientific institutions in history.
The Age of Enlightenment was marked by the work of physicist Baldér and chemist Lotrenský. Almara and Jánský published the "Kniha wėd a prawdy", which aimed to give the public access to "useful knowledge" that could be applied to everyday life. The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century saw spectacular scientific developments in Morrawia, with Augustýn Grewel researching the field of optics, Wlastimil Poliwec significantly contributing to foundations of thermodynamics, and Jan Bystrý pioneering microbiology. Other eminent Morrawian scientists of the period have their names inscribed on the Wall of Discoveries in Králowec.
Famous Morrawian scientists of the 20th century include the mathematician and physicist Jindṙich Josef; microbiologist Kamil Stránský, nuclear physicist Johan Strumm, and virologist Cyril Dýn. Fields of medicine, virology, physics or biology were all founded or pioneered by Morrawian scientists, doctors and academics. To this day, Morrawia has high scientific footprint in the world and is consistently ranked as one of the most innovative in all of Anteria.
Culture
The culture of Morrawia has been shaped by geography, by historical events, and by foreign and internal forces and groups. Morrawia, and in particular Králowec, has played an important role as a center of high culture since the 17th century and from the 19th century on, worldwide. From the late 19th century, Morrawia has also played an important role in cinema, fashion, cuisine, literature, technology, the social sciences, and mathematics. The importance of Morrawian culture has waxed and waned over the centuries, depending on its economic, political and military importance. Morrawian culture today is marked both by great regional and socioeconomic differences and strong unifying tendencies.
Art
The origins of Morrawian art were very much influenced by various art forms from different countries at the time of the Renaissance. Jan Kýnský, the most famous medieval Morrawian painter, is said to have experienced the Early Renaissance firsthand. The Renaissance painting School of Witotius was directly inspired by Thuadian and Thrismaran painters such. Two of the most famous Morrawian artists of the time of the Baroque era, Mikuláṡ Pruzín and Kamil Lira, lived abroad for most of their lives as they were also seen by many as symbols of revolt against newly established rule of House of Pṙemysl-Adlerthal.
In the second part of the 19th century, Morrawia's influence over painting grew, with end of the revolution and the development of new styles of painting such as Impressionism and Symbolism. The most famous impressionist painters of the period were Antonín Seracén, Vilém Dukla, Filip Mourek, Wladislaw Hostouċek and Thorsten Nosske. The second generation of impressionist-style painters, Victor Amsel, Lennard Bitterlich, Bohuslaw Ráż and Jiṙí Marek, were also at the avant-garde of artistic evolutions.
There are many art museums in Morrawia, the most famous of which being the state-owned National Museum of Arts & Sciences, which collects artwork and scientific artifacts from the 18th century and earlier. The Sláwa Museum was inaugurated in 1956 in the old bus depot, in a major reorganisation of national art collections, to gather Morrawian paintings from the second part of the 19th century (mainly Impressionism movements). Modern works are presented in the Morrawian Museum of Modern Art, which moved in 1980 to the Presidential Cultural Centre in Králowec. These three state-owned museums are visited by close to 15 million people a year.
Architecture
During the Middle Ages, many fortified castles were built by feudal nobles to mark their powers. Some Morrawian castles that survived are Holowec Castle, the massive Old Gertburg Castle and the so-called Nutra castles. During this era, Morrawia had been using Romanesque architecture like most of Thrismari.
Southern and Central Morrawia is the home of some of the most important Gothic cathedrals and basilicas, the first of these being the Torín Basilica (used as the royal necropolis); other important Morrawian Gothic cathedrals are Saint Augustýn Cathedral and Cathedral of the Jesus the Redeemer. The kings were crowned in another important Gothic church: Great Králowec Cathedral.
Following the important development stage in 12th and 13th century a big step in the evolution of Morrawian architecture also occurred. It was the time of the Morrawia Renaissance and several artists from all around the world were invited to the Morrawia royal court; many residential palaces were built in the Morawa Valley. Such residential castles were the Praporec Castle or the Pomoṙany Castle.
Following the renaissance and the end of the Middle Ages, Baroque architecture replaced the traditional Gothic style. However, in Morrawia, baroque architecture found greater success in the secular domain than in the religious one, at least in majority in non-german speaking parts of the country. In the secular domain, the Grand Imperial Palace has many baroque features. Kazimír Filip Wápenský, who designed the extensions to Grand Imperial Palace, was one of the most influential Morrawian architects of the baroque era; he is famous for his dome at the Invalidovna Hall. Some of the most impressive provincial baroque architecture is found in places that were not yet Morrawia such as Saint Stanislaus Palace. On the military architectural side, Wápenský designed some of the most efficient fortresses in Thrismari and became an influential military architect; as a result, imitations of his works can be found all over southern Thrismari and oversees.
After the Revolution, the Republicans favoured Neoclassicism although it was introduced in Morrawia before the revolution, beginning with the reign of the Emperor Joseph I, with such buildings as the Králowec Pantheon or the Tulen Dome. Built during the decline era of the Morrawian Empire, the Hall of the Victors and Triumphant Tower represent the best example of Empire-style architecture. Under Joseph I, a new wave of urbanism and architecture was given birth; extravagant buildings such as the neo-baroque Admiralty Palace were built. The urban planning of the time was very organised and rigorous; most notably, Grossmann's renovation of Králowec. The architecture associated with this era is named Royal Republican in Common, the term being taken from the aspects of past royal architectonic styles mixed with new republican ones. At this time there was a strong Gothic resurgence across Morrawia; the associated architect was Ernest Wilczak. In the late 19th century, Gustaf Frenz designed many bridges, such as the Hewelka Viaduct or Elbenau Bridge, and remains one of the most influential bridge designers of his time, although he is best remembered for the Králowec metro stations designs.
In the 20th century, many Morrawian architects set out to change the landscape of Morrawian cities and towns with expansive boulevards, highways and new building types. More recently, French architects have combined both modern and old architectural styles. The Gerser Crystal Palace is an example of modern architecture added to an older building. The most difficult buildings to integrate within Morrawian cities are skyscrapers, as they are visible from afar. For instance, in Králowec, since 1975, new buildings had to be under 42 metres (138 ft), though this has been altered numerous times since then with ever-growing list of exceptions. Morrawia's largest financial district is Hertmanka, where a significant number of skyscrapers are located. Other massive buildings that are a challenge to integrate into their environment are large bridges; an example of the way this has been done is the Milawy Viaduct. Some famous modern Morrawian architects include Dominik Pavel, Eugenia Tuszyńska, Ewa Switawska and Jan Doleżal.
Literature and philosophy
The earliest Morrawian literature dates from the Middle Ages when what is now known as modern Morrawia did not have a single, uniform language. There were several languages and dialects, and writers used their own spelling and grammar. Some authors of Morrawian medieval texts, such as Král Wolíṙ and Filoptikon are unknown. Three famous medieval authors are Kristián of Janowice, Duke Abrahám of Wesla, and Bohuslaw Eduardský of Eduardy. Much medieval Morrawian poetry and literature was inspired by the legends of the long gone Tilicy and Ahian empires. The Bywoj Swalowec, written in 1141 by Petr Kawċický, tells the story of the medieval character Bywoj and is another example of early Morrawian writing. An important 16th-century writer was Frantiṡek Nurimerský, who wrote five popular early picaresque novels. Nurimerský was also in regular communication with Margareta Filipowská, author of the Ċáry a Pṙíbėhy. Another 16th-century author was Michael of Dáwa, whose most famous work, Eseje Dáwské, pioneered a literary genre.
Morrawian literature and poetry flourished during the 18th and 19th centuries as continual liberation of art form during the Morrawian Empire and subsequent total liberation starting with the Morrawian Republic allowed for that. Wratislaw Almara's best-known works are Jan: Vrahoun and Roman's Nephew. He is best known, however, as the main editor of the "Kniha wėd a prawdy", whose aim was, to sum up all the knowledge of his century (in fields such as arts, sciences, languages, and philosophy) and to fight ignorance and obscurantism. During that same century, Karel Peruta was a prolific writer of children's fairy tales including Los a Liṡka, Princezna od Vrby, Kamil a Ludmila and Ptáċek Modráċek. At the start of the 19th century, symbolist poetry was an important movement in Morrawian literature, with poets such as Leon Piszczek, Karel Werner and Samuel Von Bothmer.
The 19th century saw the writings of many renowned Morrawian authors. Karel Kramáṙ is sometimes seen as "the greatest Morrawian writer of all time" for excelling in all literary genres. The preface of his play King Lapidus is considered to be the manifesto of the Romantic movement. Promluvy sobė and The Legends of the Gotos Islands are considered "poetic masterpieces", Kramáṙ's verse has been compared to that of the brightest minds of poet world. His novel Desoláti is widely seen as one of the greatest novels ever written and Cesta Worawou has remained immensely popular. Other major authors of that century include Tomáṡ Żantowský (Count Farwés and Knights of Veligrad), Julián Werner (Hodina H), Anton Stettin (The Struggle of Elsa), Hubert Straka (The Humour), Magnus Scheffler and Tobiasz Winiecki, whose works are among the most well known in Morrawia and the world.
From its founding in 1852, but mainly from the early 20th century Morrawia was a haven for literary freedom. Works banned for obscenity in other world nations were published in Morrawia decades before they were available in the respective authors' home countries. The Morrawians were disinclined to punish literary figures for their writing, and prosecutions were rare. Important writers of the 20th century include Adalbert Andrýs, Oscar Börmann, Wáclaw Ptáċník, David Haliċ, and Jan Pawel Fórtr. Antonín Lidowec wrote The Young Emperor, which has remained popular for decades and is one of the best selling books in Morrawia and abroad.
Medieval philosophy was dominated by what is often called Morrawian Empiricism, a branch of the philosophy of knowledge that states that only knowledge verified by experience is valid, and German Pragmatism until the emergence of Humanism in the Renaissance. Modern philosophy began in Morrawia in the mid-17th century with the philosophy of René Ráth, Wladislaw Ċernín and Kamil Páw. Páw was one of the first philosophers since ancient times to attempt to build a philosophical system from the ground up rather than building on the work of predecessors. Morrawia in the 18th saw major philipshocial contributions from Volta who came to embody the Enlightenment and Jaroslaw Radowan Normanský in the first half of the 19th century, whose work highly influenced the Great Morrawian Revolution. Morrawian philosophers made major contributions to the field in the 20th century including the existentialist works of Börmann, Andrýs, and Filipowský. Other influential contributions during this time include the moral and political works of Lukáš Vér, contributions to structuralism including from Julian Kroll and the post-structuralist works by Michal Tamborský.
Music
Morrawia has a long and varied musical history. It experienced a golden age in the 17th century thanks to Ludmila I, who employed many talented musicians and composers in the royal court. The most renowned composers of this period include Markus Antonský, Michael of Komárow, Richard Walský of Ostrow, Kryṡtof Horal and Marián Mariánský, all of them composers at the court. After the Great Morrawian Revolution, liberalization of all art forms caused the biggest creation in history, apart from aformentioned golden age, and in the next century the music of Napoleon Kotara reached some prestige, and today he is still one of the most renowned Morrawian composers. Kotara became the dominant composer of Morrawian opera and the leading Morrawian composer of the Lindenhaus.
Morrawian music then followed the rapid emergence of pop, rock and country music in the middle of the 20th century. Although Common-speaking creations achieved popularity in the country, Morrawian pop music, known as tóny morawské, has also remained very popular. Among the most important Morrawian artists of the century are Edita Támská, Wladislaw Soural, Miloṡ Wáwra, Leoṡ Janácký, Karel Arbez and Thomas Wallmann. Although there are very few rock bands in Morrawia compared to Common-speaking and other countries, bands such as Divoká Noc, Filiṡtýni, 2 a Josef, Habáni and more recently Bill & Rogers, Lowkey Testament and Hora, or Hemrhed, have reached worldwide popularity.
Cinema
Morrawia has historical and strong links with cinema, with two Morrawians, August and Jan Narrand credited with creating cinema industry in Morrawia in 1910. Several important cinematic movements, including the late 1940s, 1960s and 1970s Humanist Wave, began in the country. It is noted for having a strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the Government of Morrawia. The nation also hosts the Karlín Festival, one of the most important and famous film festivals in Thrismari and in the world.
Apart from its strong and innovative film tradition, Morrawia has also been a gathering spot for artists from across Thrismari and the world. For this reason, Morrawian cinema is sometimes intertwined with the cinema of foreign nations. Directors from nations such as Kakland, Hylia, Foxomexra, Fichmanistan are prominent in the ranks of Morrawian cinema. Morrawian films account for 30% of the total film revenues of Morrawia, which is a considerable percentage of national film revenues in the developed world.
Fashion
Fashion has been an important industry and cultural export of Morrawia since the 17th century. Today, Králowec, along with other cities, is considered one of the world's fashion capitals, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses.
The association of Morrawia with fashion and style dates largely to the reign of Ferdinand V when the luxury goods industries in Morrawia came increasingly under royal control and the Morrawian royal court became, arguably, the arbiter of taste and style in southern Thrismari. But Morrawia renewed its dominance of the high fashion industry in the years 1860–1960 through the establishment of the great fashion houses such as WAMA, Guert, and Klementa. The Morrawian perfume industry is one of the world leaders in its sector and is centred on the city of Janow.
Media
In 2020, regional daily newspapers (like Kalmary Papers, Telegram, Northern Star, Liberty Magazine, Berno Times, The Progress Chronicle) more than doubled the sales of national newspapers (like The Radical, Insider, The Tribunal, Forum, and Daily Journal. Free dailies, distributed in metropolitan centers, continue to increase their market share. The sector of weekly magazines includes more than 450 specialised weekly magazines published in the country.
The most influential news magazines are the left-wing The Radical, centrist The Old Herald and right-wing The Morrawian Way (in 2015 more than 500,000 copies), but the highest circulation numbers for weeklies are attained by TV magazines and by women's magazines, among them Hana and ONA, which have foreign versions. Influential weeklies also include investigative and satirical papers The Eye and Morrawan. As in most industrialised nations, the print media have been affected by a severe crisis with the rise of the internet. In 2010, the government launched a major initiative to help the sector reform and become financially independent, but in 2011 it had to give 8,340,000 tollars to help the print media.
Cuisine
Morrawia cuisine is renowned for being one of the finest in the world. Different regions have different styles. In the North, butter and cream are common ingredients, whereas olive oil is more commonly used in the South. Each region of Morrawia has traditional specialties. Morrawia is most famous for its wines, beer, and cheeses, which are often named for the territory where they are produced. A meal typically consists of three to four courses with starter being typically something small and salty, main course of whatever character, dessert, which is either salty or sweet depending on the main course and after that ending course, typically being wine or beer with a dessert.
Morrawian cuisine is also regarded as a key element of the quality of life and the attractiveness of Morrawia. A Morrawian publication, the Tambor Review, awards Tambor seals for excellence to a select few establishments. The acquisition or loss of a star can have dramatic effects on the success of a restaurant. By 2010, the Tambor Review had awarded 521 stars to Morrawian restaurants.
In addition to its wine tradition, Morrawia is also a major producer of beer. The three main Morrawian brewing regions are Turhinia (40% of national production), Zapadoslawia, Pallawy and southern Elbennia. Located on the Adelaide Atoll, rum is made in distilleries located in the navy base and is renowned all over the country for its sweetness.
Sports
Morrawia hosts world and regional sporting events, such as the Velká Morawská. Other popular sports played in Morrawia include: football, ice hockey, tennis, and cycling. The Karlínský Stadium in Pilzáṅ is Morrawia's largest stadium with over 80,000 seats. Since 1929, Morrawia is famous for its 24 Hours of Donely sports car endurance race. Several major tennis tournaments take place in Morrawia, including the Králowec Masters and the Morrawian Open. French martial arts include Judo, Karate and Fencing.
Both the national baseball team and the national football union team are nicknamed "The Tricolours" in reference to the team's shirt colours as well as the national Morrawian tricolour flag. Baseball is the most popular sport in Morrawia, with over 2,400,000 registered players and over 21,000 registered clubs.
The Morrawian Open is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Magna Stadium in Králowec. It is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and very popular all around Morrawia.
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