Haydag language: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Featured_Article}} | ||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
| name = | | name = Haydag | ||
| altname = | | altname = Haydag, Qazhshavan | ||
| nativename = | | nativename = Хайдага Вышосы<br>Xajdaga Vyshosy | ||
| acceptance = | | acceptance = | ||
| image = | | image = | ||
| imagesize = <!-- or image_size --> | | imagesize = <!-- or image_size --> | ||
| imagealt = | | imagealt = | ||
Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| imagealt2 = | | imagealt2 = | ||
| imagecaption2 = | | imagecaption2 = | ||
| pronunciation= [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|[ | | pronunciation= [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|[ˈxajdaɣa vɨˈʂɔsɨ] ]] | ||
| states = {{flag|Qazhshava | | states = {{flag|Qazhshava}} | ||
| region = [[Thuadia|Southern Thuadia]] | | region = [[Thuadia|Southern Thuadia]] | ||
| ethnicity = | | ethnicity = Haydags | ||
| speakers = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language L1] ([[Anteria]]): 58,400,000 <br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language L2] ([[Anteria]]): 24,600,000 | | speakers = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language L1] ([[Anteria]]): 58,400,000 <br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language L2] ([[Anteria]]): 24,600,000<br> | ||
| speakers2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language L1] ([[Eurth]]): 4,570,000<br>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language L2] ([[Eurth]]): 630,000 | | speakers2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language L1] ([[Eurth]]): 4,570,000<br>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language L2] ([[Eurth]]): 630,000 | ||
| familycolor = | | familycolor = elmo-adusian | ||
| fam1 = Paleo-Qazhshavan | | fam1 = Paleo-Qazhshavan | ||
| fam2 = | | fam2 = Elmo-Adusian | ||
| fam3 = | | fam3 = Adusian | ||
| fam4 = | | fam4 = Upper | ||
| fam5 = | |||
| protoname = | | protoname = | ||
| ancestor = | | ancestor = | ||
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| ancestor3 = | | ancestor3 = | ||
| standards = | | standards = | ||
| stand1 = | | stand1 = Coastal | ||
| stand2 = <!-- up to stand6 --> | | stand2 = <!-- up to stand6 --> | ||
| dialects = | | dialects = | ||
| listclass = plainlist | | listclass = plainlist | ||
| dia1 = | | dia1 = Coastal | ||
| dia2 = | | dia2 = Inland | ||
| dia3 = | | dia3 = Southern | ||
| dia4 | | dia4 = Nashean | ||
| script = {{wp|Cyrillic script|Govoric}} | | script = {{wp|Cyrillic script|Govoric}} | ||
| sign = | | sign = | ||
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*{{flag|Riamo}} | *{{flag|Riamo}} | ||
**[[Republic of Gomaya]] | **[[Republic of Gomaya]] | ||
**[[Nashe|City of Nashe]]{{Tree list/end | **[[Nashe|City of Nashe]]{{Tree list/end}} | ||
| agency = | | agency = | ||
| iso1 = | | iso1 = hd | ||
| iso1comment = | | iso1comment = | ||
| iso2 = | | iso2 = hdg | ||
| iso2b = | | iso2b = | ||
| iso2t = | | iso2t = | ||
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| notice = IPA | | notice = IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
The | The Haydag language is the widely spoken of it's family, called Adusian, and the official language of the nation of [[Qazhshava]]. It is an ancient [[Thuadia|Thuadian]] tounge with no known ancestral conection to the surrounding [[Thuado-Thrismaran languages]]. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
As of yet, any attempts to link the | As of yet, any attempts to link the Haydag languages to any other languages in the world have failed, altough some still believe its a very old relative to the [[Thuado-Thrismaran languages]]/{{wp|indo-european languages|Indo-European languages}}, which is only backed up by similar features which have been speculated and some proven to have come due to influence from said languages, and some reconstructed-proto words and existign root words that seem to have been borrowod from early forms of the slavic and germanic languages. | ||
==Dialects== | ==Dialects== | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
TBA | TBA | ||
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! Dental | ! Dental | ||
! Alveolar | ! Alveolar | ||
! | ! Retroflex | ||
! Palatal | ! Palatal | ||
! Velar | ! Velar | ||
! Uvular | ! Uvular | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2| Nasal | ! colspan=2| Nasal | ||
| m | | m | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| n | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| colspan="2" |ŋ~ɴ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2| Plosive | ! rowspan=2| Plosive | ||
! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| p | | p | ||
| t | | t | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| k | | k | ||
| q | | q | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| b | | b | ||
| d | | d | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
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| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | t͡s<br>t͡ɬ | ||
| | | t͡ʂ | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
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| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | d͡z | ||
| d͡ʐ | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
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! rowspan=2| Fricative | ! rowspan=2| Fricative | ||
! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| f | | f | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| s | |||
| ʂ (ʂʷ) | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | x | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| v | | v | ||
| ð (ðʷ) | |||
| z | |||
| ʐ | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| ɣ (ɣʷ) | |||
| ɣ | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Aproximant | ! rowspan=2| Aproximant | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| w | | w | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| l | | l | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| j ɥ | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| ʍ | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ɬ | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
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! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| ɾ | |||
| ɾ | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" |Front | |||
! colspan="2" |Central | |||
! colspan="2" |Back | |||
|- | |- | ||
|+ | ! {{small|R-}} | ||
! | ! {{small|R+}} | ||
! | ! {{small|R-}} | ||
! | ! {{small|R+}} | ||
! {{small|R-}} | |||
! {{small|R+}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Close | ||
| i | | i | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ɨ | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ɯ̞ | |||
| u | | u | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Open-Mid | ||
| ɛ | | ɛ | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ɔ | | ɔ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Open | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="6" | a~ɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
Stress in | Stress in Haydag used to fall on the first syllable of the root, and rarely on other syllables, but in the last few decades a ''stress shift'' has occured and currently stress isnt of much importance, mostly depending on the speaker. | ||
==Writing System== | ==Writing System== | ||
Haydag is written using the {{wp|Cyrillic script|Govoric script}}, which was adopted around the 11th century, and used ever sence<br> | |||
[[wikipedia:Cyrillic script|'''Govoric version''']]: | [[wikipedia:Cyrillic script|'''Govoric version''']]: | ||
{| style="font-family:Calibri; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | {| style="font-family:Calibri; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Дз дз | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | З з | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӝ ӝ | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | З з | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ҙ ҙ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӄ ӄ | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӄ ӄ | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ԓ ԓ | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӈ ӈ | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п | ||
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| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Тԓ тԓ | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ў ў | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ў ў | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӱ ӱ | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Хў хў | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Ч ч}} | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӵ ӵ | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ы ы | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӹ ӹ | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю | ||
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| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
[[wikipedia:Latin script|'''Latin version''']]: | |||
[[wikipedia: | |||
{| style="font-family:Calibri; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | {| style="font-family:Calibri; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | A a | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ch ch | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Dh dh | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Dz dz | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Dzh dzh | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|H h}} | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Hw hw | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J̈ j̈ | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Lh hl | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ng ng | |||
|- | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Q q | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Q q | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Sh sh | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Tlh tlh | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | W w | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | X x | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Zh zh | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
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| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
In the late 18th cnetury Lakhian and Lakkathan traders and travlers coming back from the [[Qazhshava|Qazhshavan]] colony in [[Encessia]] brought back the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_scripts#Mkhedruli Mkhedruli script] which was adopted for their languages, due to the area being hard to access at the time, literacy rates in the mountains were low compared to other regions and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_scripts#Mkhedruli Mkhedruli script] started being tought by locals to locals, eventually becoming part of the culture there. | |||
===Detailed table=== | ===Detailed table=== | ||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-family:Calibri; font-size:1.05em" | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-family:Calibri; font-size:1.05em" | ||
Line 385: | Line 368: | ||
| А а | | А а | ||
| а | | а | ||
| /a/ | | /a~ɑ/ | ||
| a | | A a | ||
| ა | | ა | ||
| /ɐ/ when reduced. | | /ɐ/ when reduced. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Б б | | Б б | ||
| | | бӹ | ||
| /b/ | | /b/ | ||
| b | | B b | ||
| ბ | | ბ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| В в | | В в | ||
| | | вӹ | ||
| /v/ | | /v/ | ||
| v | | V v | ||
| ვ | | ვ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Г г | | Г г | ||
| | | гӹ | ||
| /ɣ/ | | /ɣ/ | ||
| g | | G g | ||
| გ/ღ | | გ/ღ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Д д | | Д д | ||
| | | дӹ | ||
| /d/ | | /d/ | ||
| d | | D d | ||
| დ | | დ | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| Дз дз | |||
| дзӹ | |||
| /d͡z/ | |||
| Dz dz | |||
| ძ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 428: | Line 411: | ||
| е | | е | ||
| /ɛ/ | | /ɛ/ | ||
| e | | E e | ||
| ე | | ე | ||
| /e~ɪ/ when reduced. | | /e~ɪ/ when reduced. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ж ж | | Ж ж | ||
| | | жӹ | ||
| / | | /ʐ/ | ||
| | | Zh zh | ||
| ჟ | | ჟ | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| Ӝ ӝ | |||
| жӹ | |||
| /d͡ʐ/ | |||
| Dzh dzh | |||
| ჯ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| З з | | З з | ||
| | | зӹ | ||
| /z/ | | /z/ | ||
| z | | Z z | ||
| ზ | | ზ | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| Ҙ ҙ | |||
| ҙӹ | |||
| /ð/ | |||
| Dh dh | |||
| ზ̭ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 449: | Line 446: | ||
| и | | и | ||
| /i/ | | /i/ | ||
| i | | I i | ||
| ი | | ი | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Й й | | Й й | ||
| | | йӹ | ||
| /j/ | | /j/ | ||
| | | J j | ||
| ი́ | | ი́ | ||
| It | | It appears as a first letter and after a vowel. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| К к | | К к | ||
| | | кӹ | ||
| /k/ | | /k/ | ||
| k | | K k | ||
| ქ | | ქ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ӄ ӄ | | Ӄ ӄ | ||
| | | ӄӹ | ||
| /q/ | | /q/ | ||
| q | | Q q | ||
| ყ | | ყ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Л л | | Л л | ||
| | | лӹ | ||
| /l/ | | /l/ | ||
| l | | L l | ||
| ლ | | ლ | ||
| In | | In words, between vowels gets changed to ⟨ԓ⟩. (aҙы'''л''' -> aҙы'''ԓ'''ым) | ||
|- | |||
| Ԓ ԓ | |||
| ԓӹ | |||
| /ɬ/ | |||
| Lh lh | |||
| ლ᷄ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| Тԓ тԓ | |||
| тԓӹ | |||
| /t͡ɬ/ | |||
| Tlh tlh | |||
| თლ᷄ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| М м | | М м | ||
| | | мӹ | ||
| /m/ | | /m/ | ||
| m | | M m | ||
| მ | | მ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Н н | | Н н | ||
| | | нӹ | ||
| /n/ | | /n/ | ||
| n | | N n | ||
| ნ | | ნ | ||
| In words, between vowels gets changed to ⟨ӈ⟩. (є'''н''' -> є'''ӈ'''ым) | |||
|- | |||
| Ӈ ӈ | |||
| ӈӹ | |||
| /ŋ~ɴ/ | |||
| Ng ng | |||
| ნ̭ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 498: | Line 516: | ||
| о | | о | ||
| /ɔ/ | | /ɔ/ | ||
| | | O | ||
| ო | | ო | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| П п | | П п | ||
| | | пӹ | ||
| /p/ | | /p/ | ||
| p | | P p | ||
| ფ | | ფ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Р р | | Р р | ||
| | | рӹ | ||
| /ɾ/, /r/ | | /ɾ/, /r/ | ||
| r | | R r | ||
| რ | | რ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| С с | | С с | ||
| | | сӹ | ||
| /s/ | | /s/ | ||
| s | | S s | ||
|ს | | ს | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Т т | | Т т | ||
| | | тӹ | ||
| /t/ | | /t/ | ||
| t | | T t | ||
| თ | | თ | ||
| | | | ||
Line 533: | Line 551: | ||
| у | | у | ||
| /u/ | | /u/ | ||
| u | | U u | ||
| უ | | უ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ў ў | | Ў ў | ||
| | | ўӹ | ||
| /w/ | | /w/ | ||
| w | | W w | ||
| ვ́ | | ვ́ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| Ӱ ӱ | |||
| ӱӹ | |||
| /ɥ/ | |||
| J̈ j̈ | |||
| უ́ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Ф ф | | Ф ф | ||
| | | фӹ | ||
| /f/ | | /f/ | ||
| f | | F f | ||
| ჶ | | ჶ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| х х | | х х | ||
| | | хӹ | ||
| /x | | /x/ | ||
| | | X x | ||
| ხ | | ხ | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| Хў хў | |||
| хўӹ | |||
| /ʍ/ | |||
| Hw hw | |||
| ჰ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ц ц | | Ц ц | ||
| | | цӹ | ||
| / | | /t͡s/ | ||
| c | | C c | ||
| წ | | წ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ч ч | | Ч ч | ||
| | | чӹ | ||
| / | | /t͡ʂ/ | ||
| | | Ch ch | ||
| ჩ | |||
| Used only in foreign words. | |||
|- | |||
| Ӵ ӵ | |||
| чӹ | |||
| /t͡ʂ/ | |||
| Ch ch | |||
| ჭ | | ჭ | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Ш ш | | Ш ш | ||
| | | шӹ | ||
| / | | /ʂ/ | ||
| | | Sh sh | ||
| შ | | შ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ы ы | | Ы ы | ||
| | | ы | ||
| / | | /ɨ/ | ||
| | | Y y | ||
| | | ი̈ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| Ӹ ӹ | |||
| ӹ | |||
| /ɯ̞/ | |||
| Ÿ ÿ | |||
| ი̋ | |||
| Usually written as /ɯ/ in phonetic transcriptions.<br>Commonly pronounced as /ɤ/ in casual conversation, /ə/ when reduced. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| Ь ь | | Ь ь | ||
| | | йер бовал | ||
| /◌ʲ/ | | /◌ʲ/ | ||
| | | J j | ||
| ი́ | | ი́ | ||
| Used | | Used after consonants. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ю ю | | Ю ю | ||
| ю | | ю | ||
| /ju/ | | /ju/ | ||
| | | Ju ju | ||
| ი́უ | | ი́უ | ||
| | | | ||
Line 601: | Line 648: | ||
| Я я | | Я я | ||
| я | | я | ||
| /ja | | /ja/ | ||
| | | Ja ja | ||
| ი́ა | | ი́ა | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |} | ||
===Braille=== | |||
TBA | |||
===Keyboard layout=== | |||
TBA | |||
==Grammar== | |||
===Synatx=== | |||
Haydag is a pro-drop SOV-S language where possessees come before possessors, adjectives before nouns and it has postpositions. | |||
<br><br>Example of pro-drop: | |||
*{{highlight|йем|#ffb0ab}} {{highlight|удуб|#a6b2ff}} {{highlight|овал|#c9f075}}{{highlight|ам|#ffb0ab}} - {{highlight|i |#ffb0ab}}{{highlight|love |#c9f075}}{{highlight|you|#a6b2ff}} | |||
*{{highlight|удуб|#a6b2ff}} {{highlight|овал|#c9f075}}{{highlight|ам|#ffb0ab}} - {{highlight|i |#ffb0ab}}{{highlight|love |#c9f075}}{{highlight|you|#a6b2ff}} | |||
===Syllable structure=== | |||
Haydag's syllable structure is classed as fairly complex. | |||
*'''(C)(C)V(C)(C)''' | |||
==Number== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style=" | ! | ||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| | ! Affix | ||
| | | Ø || colspan="2" | -(ⓥ)'''х''' | ||
| | |- style="text-align: center;" | ||
| | ! Examples | ||
| | | пушы (dog)<br>ӵур (tent)<br>машўата (eye)|| пушы'''х''' (dog'''s''')<br>ӵур'''ух''' (tent'''s''')<br>машўата'''х''' (eye'''s''') | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
* ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
| | |||
| | ==Vowel Harmony== | ||
| | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=" | ! rowspan="2" | Haydag Vowel Harmony | ||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | Front || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Central || colspan="3" | Back | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! R- | ||
| | ! colspan="2"| R+ | ||
| / | |- style="text-align: center;" | ||
| | ! Vowel | ||
| style=" | | '''a''' /a/ | ||
| | | style="border-right: 0"| '''е''' /ɛ/ | ||
| style="border-left: 0;" | '''и''' /i/ | |||
| colspan="2" style="border-left: 0;" |'''ы''' /ɨ/ | |||
| style="border-left: 0;" | '''ӹ''' /ɯ̞/ | |||
| style="border-left: 0;" | '''у''' /u/ | |||
| style="border-left: 0;" |'''о''' /ɔ/ | |||
|- style="text-align: center;" | |||
! Simple | |||
| '''a''' || colspan="2" | '''e''' || colspan="3" | '''ӹ''' || colspan="2" | '''у''' | |||
|- style="text-align: center;" | |||
! Complex | |||
| '''ӹ''' || colspan="2" | '''и''' || colspan="2" | '''ы''' || '''ӹ''' || colspan="2" | '''у''' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
*Simple harmony is the common one that apears in the majority suffixes | |||
*Complex harmony apears in a few suffixes, like personal possessive and articles. | |||
==Articles== | |||
{| class="wikitable"; style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Type | |||
! Word | |||
! Аffix | |||
! Example | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Indefinite | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ӄa ((a) rock) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Definite | |||
| | |||
| | | -ⓥӈ | ||
| | | ӄa'''ӈ''' ('''the''' rock) | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Proximal-demonstrative | |||
| гоӈӹй | |||
| -нⓥг | |||
| ӄa'''нӹг''' ('''this''' rock) | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Distal-demonstrative | |||
| гойӹй | |||
| | | -йⓥг | ||
| | | ӄa'''йӹг''' ('''that''' rock) | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Partitive | |||
| докай | |||
| -кⓥй | |||
| ӄa'''kӹй''' ('''some''' rocks) | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Partitive-Collective | |||
| сокай | |||
| | | -сⓥй | ||
| | | ӄa'''сӹй''' ('''most''' rocks) | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! Non-Partitive | ||
| рукӹй | |||
| -рⓥй | |||
| ӄa'''рӹй''' ('''no''' rocks) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
* ⓥ - vowel harmony (complex) | |||
== | ==Cases== | ||
Haydag has 18 grammatical cases: | |||
== | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"" | ||
= | |- | ||
! colspan="7"|I declension - words ending in consonants other than fricatives & aproximants | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| Case Name | |||
! colspan="2"| Indefinite | |||
! colspan="2"| Definite | |||
|- | |||
! Suffix | |||
! Example | |||
! Suffix | |||
! Example | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| -Ø | |||
| гайд (a canoe - NOM) | |||
| -ⓥл | |||
| гайд'''aл''' (the canoe - NOM) | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| -ⓥр | |||
| гайд'''aр''' (of a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥрⓥл | |||
| гайд'''aрaл''' (of the canoe) | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| -ⓥб | |||
| гайд'''aб''' (((giving)to a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥбⓥл | |||
| гайд'''aбaл''' (((giving)to the canoe) | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| -ⓥт | |||
| гайд'''ат''' (a canoe - ACC) | |||
| -ⓥтԓ | |||
| гайд'''атԓ''' (the canoe - ACC) | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| -ⓥӝⓥ | |||
| гайд'''aӝа''' (using a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥӝⓥл | |||
| гайд'''aӝал''' (using the canoe) | |||
|- | |||
! Comitative | |||
| -ⓥў | |||
| гайд'''aў''' (with a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥўⓥл | |||
| гайд'''aўaл''' (with the canoe) | |||
|- | |||
! Comparative | |||
| -ⓥӱⓥ | |||
| гайд'''aӱа''' (than a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥӱⓥл | |||
| гайд'''aӱaл''' (than the canoe) | |||
|- | |||
! Inessive | |||
| -ⓥхўⓥ | |||
| гайд'''ахўа''' (in(side) a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥхўⓥл | |||
| гайд'''ахўaл''' (in(side) the canoe) | |||
|- | |||
! Adessive | |||
| -ⓥӈ | |||
| гайд'''аӈ''' (neer a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥӈⓥл | |||
| гайд'''аӈал''' (neer the canoe) | |||
|- | |||
! Postessive | |||
| -ⓥԓⓥ | |||
| гайд'''aԓa''' (behind a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥԓⓥл | |||
| гайд'''аԓал''' (behind the canoe) | |||
|- | |||
! Superessive | |||
| -ⓥг | |||
| гайд'''аг''' (on top of a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥгⓥл | |||
| гайд'''агал''' (on top of the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Subessive | ||
| -ⓥш | |||
| гайд'''аш''' (under a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥшⓥл | |||
| гайд'''ашал''' (under the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Allative | ||
| - | | -ⓥв | ||
| | | гайд'''ав''' (towards a canoe) | ||
| -ⓥвⓥл | |||
| гайд'''авал''' (towards the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Ablative | ||
| - | | -ⓥй | ||
| | | гайд'''ай''' (from a canoe) | ||
| -ⓥйⓥл | |||
| гайд'''айал''' (from the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! Lative | ||
| -ⓥжⓥ | |||
| гайд'''ажа''' (in(side) a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥжⓥл | |||
| гайд'''ажал''' (in(side) the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Elative | ||
| -ⓥшӄⓥ | |||
| гайд'''ашӄа''' (out of a canoe) | |||
| -ⓥшӄⓥл | |||
| гайд'''ашӄал''' (out of the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Benefactial | ||
| -( | | -ⓥҙⓥ | ||
| - | | гайд'''аҙа''' (for (the benefit of) a canoe) | ||
| -ⓥҙⓥл | |||
| гайд'''аҙал''' (for (the benefit of) the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Vocative | ||
| | | -е | ||
| гайд'''е''' (''canoe!'') | |||
| -ⓥл | |||
| гайд'''ел''' (''(the) canoe!'') | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
* ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"" | ||
|- | |||
! colspan="7"|II declension - words ending in fricatives & aproximants | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| Case Name | |||
! colspan="2"| Indefinite | |||
! colspan="2"| Definite | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Suffix | ! Suffix | ||
! | ! Example | ||
! Suffix | |||
! Example | ! Example | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| - | | -Ø | ||
| | | ԓaй (breath - NOM) | ||
| '' | | -ⓥл | ||
| ԓa'''ял''' (the breath - NOM) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| - | | -ⓥр | ||
| ' | | ԓaй'''яр''' (of a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -рⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''рaл''' (of the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| - | | -ⓥб | ||
| '' | | ԓaй'''aб''' ((giving)to a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -бⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''бaл''' ((giving)to the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| - | | -ⓥт | ||
| '' | | ԓa'''ят''' (a canoe - ACC) | ||
| ' | | -ⓥтԓ | ||
| ԓa'''ятԓ''' (the canoe - ACC) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| - | | -ӝⓥ | ||
| '' | | ԓaй'''ӝа''' (using a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -ӝⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''ӝал''' (using the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Comitative | ! Comitative | ||
| - | | -ⓥў | ||
| '' | | ԓa'''яў''' (with a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -ⓥўⓥл | ||
| ԓa'''яўaл''' (with the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Comparative | ! Comparative | ||
| - | | -ӱⓥ | ||
| '' | | ԓaй'''ӱа''' (than a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -ӱⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''ӱaл''' (than the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Inessive | ! Inessive | ||
| - | | -хўⓥ | ||
| '' | | ԓaй'''хўа''' (in(side) a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -хўⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''хўaл''' (in(side) the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Adessive | ! Adessive | ||
| - | | -ⓥӈ | ||
| '' | | ԓa'''яӈ''' (neer a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -ӈⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''ӈал''' (neer the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Postessive | ! Postessive | ||
| - | | -ԓⓥ | ||
| '' | | ԓaй'''ԓa''' (behind a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -ⓥԓⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''ԓал''' (behind the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Superessive | ! Superessive | ||
| - | | -ⓥг | ||
| '' | | ԓa'''яг''' (on top of a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -гⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''гал''' (on top of the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Subessive | ! Subessive | ||
| - | | -шⓥ | ||
| '' | | ԓa'''яш''' (under a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -шⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''шал''' (under the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Allative | ! Allative | ||
| - | | -ⓥв | ||
| '' | | ԓa'''яв''' (towards a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -вⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''вал''' (towards the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| - | | -ⓥй | ||
| '' | | ԓa'''яй''' (from a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -ⓥйⓥл | ||
| ԓa'''яял''' (from the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Lative | ! Lative | ||
| - | | -жⓥ | ||
| '' | | ԓaй'''жа''' (in(side) a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -жⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''жал''' (in(side) the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Elative | ! Elative | ||
| - | | -ⓥшӄⓥ | ||
| '' | | ԓa'''яшӄа''' (out of a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -ⓥшӄⓥл | ||
| ԓa'''яшӄал''' (out of the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Benefactial | ! Benefactial | ||
| - | | -ҙⓥ | ||
| '' | | ԓaй'''ҙа''' (for (the benefit of) a canoe) | ||
| ' | | -ҙⓥл | ||
| ԓaй'''ҙал''' (for (the benefit of) the canoe) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
| | | -е | ||
| ԓaй'''е''' (''canoe!'') | |||
| '' | | -ⓥл | ||
|- | | ԓa'''ял''' (''(the) canoe!'') | ||
| '' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
* ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
* note that since ⟨й⟩ meets ⟨a⟩, it becomes ⟨я⟩ | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="7"|III declension - words ending in vowels | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| Case Name | |||
! colspan="2"| Indefinite | |||
! colspan="2"| Definite | |||
|- | |||
! Suffix | |||
! | ! Example | ||
! Suffix | |||
! Example | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
! | | -Ø | ||
| тԓешы (a river - NOM) | |||
| -л | |||
| тԓешы'''л''' (the river - NOM) | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| -р | |||
| тԓешы'''р''' (of a river) | |||
| -рⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''рӹл''' (of the river) | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| -б | |||
| тԓешы'''б''' ((giving)to a river) | |||
| -бⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''бӹл''' ((giving)to the river) | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| -т | |||
| тԓешы'''т''' (a river - ACC) | |||
| -тԓ | |||
| тԓешы'''тԓ''' (the river - ACC) | |||
|- | |||
! Instrumental | |||
| -ӝⓥ | |||
| тԓешы'''ӝӹ''' (using a river) | |||
| -ӝⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''ӝӹл''' (using the river) | |||
|- | |||
! Comitative | |||
| -ў | |||
| тԓешы'''ў''' (with a river) | |||
| -ўⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''ўӹл''' (with the river) | |||
|- | |||
! Comparative | |||
| -ӱⓥ | |||
| тԓешы'''ӱӹ''' (than a river) | |||
| -ӱⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''ӱӹл''' (than the river) | |||
|- | |||
! Inessive | |||
| -хўⓥ | |||
| тԓешы'''хўӹ''' (in(side) a river) | |||
| -хўⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''хўӹл''' (in(side) the river) | |||
|- | |||
! Adessive | |||
| -ӈ | |||
| тԓешы'''ӈ''' (neer a river) | |||
| -ӈⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''ӈӹл''' (neer the river) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Postessive | ||
| -ԓⓥ | |||
| '' | | тԓешы'''ԓӹ''' (behind a river) | ||
| -ԓⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''ԓӹл''' (behind the river) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Superessive | ||
| '' | | -г | ||
| тԓешы'''г''' (on top of a river) | |||
| -гⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''гӹл''' (on top of the river) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Subessive | ||
| -ш | |||
| ' | | тԓешы'''ш''' (under a river) | ||
| -шⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''шӹл''' (under the river) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Allative | ||
| | | -в | ||
| тԓешы'''в''' (towards a river) | |||
| -вⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''вӹл''' (towards the river) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Ablative | ||
| -й | |||
| '' | | тԓешы'''й''' (from a river) | ||
| -йⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''йӹл''' (from the river) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Lative | ||
| '' | | -жⓥ | ||
| тԓешы'''жӹ''' (in(side) a river) | |||
| -жⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''жӹл''' (in(side) the river) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Elative | ||
| -шӄⓥ | |||
| | | тԓешы'''шӄӹ''' (out of a river) | ||
| -шӄⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''шӄӹл''' (out of the river) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Benefactial | ||
| | | -ҙⓥ | ||
| тԓешы'''ҙӹ''' (for (the benefit of) a river) | |||
| -ҙⓥл | |||
| тԓешы'''ҙӹл''' (for (the benefit of) the river) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Vocative | ||
| '' | | -/о | ||
| тԓеш'''о''' (''river!'') | |||
| -л | |||
| тԓешы'''л''' (''(the) river!'') | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
< | * ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple) | ||
Two more commonly tought as cases expist, the adjective and adverbial | |||
Adjective - <noun>+(ⓥ)л (plural form <noun>+(ⓥ)ԓ) | |||
Adverbial - <noun>+(ⓥ)выԓы | |||
* '''Positive''' - Bassic form of the word- ''fine'' - '''''жыл'' | |||
* '''Negative''' - Negation of the word - ''"'''un'''fine"'' - '''''йех'''жыл | |||
* '''Comparitive''' - Form for comparison relative to something, used with the Comparative case - ''fin'''ier''''' - '''''быг'''жыл'' | |||
* '''Superlative''' - Form showing absolute relative to a group - ''fin'''iest''''' - '''''рив'''жыл'' | |||
==Pronouns== | |||
Haydag has a high number of inflected pronouns due to the number of cases it has. | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="3" | Person & Number | ||
! | ! NOM | ||
! | ! DAT | ||
! | ! GEN | ||
! | ! ACC | ||
! | ! INS | ||
! | ! COM | ||
! | ! CMPR | ||
! INE | |||
! ADE | |||
! POESS | |||
! SUPESS | |||
! SBESS | |||
! ALL | |||
! ABL | |||
! LAT | |||
! ELA | |||
! BEN | |||
! VOC | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" | Singular | ! rowspan="4" | Singular | ||
! colspan="2" | First | ! colspan="2" | First | ||
| | | йем | ||
| амбӹ | |||
| йемир | |||
| йемит | |||
| йемӝа | |||
| йемўа | |||
| йемиӱа | |||
| йемхўа | |||
| йемиӈ | |||
| йемԓа | |||
| йемга | |||
| йемша | |||
| йемва | |||
| йема | |||
| йемжа | |||
| йемшӄа | |||
| йемҙа | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Second | ! colspan="2" | Second | ||
| | | йед | ||
| удуб | |||
| йедир | |||
| йедит | |||
| йедиӝа | |||
| йедўа | |||
| йедиӱа | |||
| йедхўа | |||
| йедиӈ | |||
| йедԓа | |||
| йедга | |||
| йедша | |||
| йедва | |||
| йеда | |||
| йеджа | |||
| йедшӄа | |||
| йедҙа | |||
| йед! | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Third | ! rowspan="2" | Third | ||
! | ! Proximal | ||
| | | аў | ||
| уԓуб | |||
| аўӹр | |||
| аўԓӹт | |||
| аўӹӝа | |||
| аўӹў | |||
| аўӹӱӹ | |||
| аўхўӹ | |||
| аўӹӈ | |||
| аўԓӹ | |||
| аўгӹ | |||
| аўшӹ | |||
| аўвӹ | |||
| аўӹй | |||
| аўжӹ | |||
| аўшӄӹ | |||
| аўҙӹ | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Distal | ||
| яў | |||
| юԓуб | |||
| яўӹр | |||
| яўԓӹт | |||
| яўӹӝа | |||
| яўӹў | |||
| яўӹӱӹ | |||
| яўхўӹ | |||
| яўӹӈ | |||
| яўԓӹ | |||
| яўгӹ | |||
| яўшӹ | |||
| яўвӹ | |||
| яўӹй | |||
| яўжӹ | |||
| яўшӄӹ | |||
| яўҙӹ | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" | Plural | ! rowspan="4" | Plural | ||
! colspan="2" | First | ! colspan="2" | First | ||
| | | амех | ||
| амехбӹ | |||
| амехир | |||
| амехит | |||
| амехӝа | |||
| амехўа | |||
| амехиӱа | |||
| амеххўа | |||
| амехиӈ | |||
| амехԓа | |||
| амехаг | |||
| амехша | |||
| амехва | |||
| амеха | |||
| амехжа | |||
| амехшӄа | |||
| амехҙа | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Second | ! colspan="2" | Second | ||
| | | адех | ||
| адехуб | |||
| адехир | |||
| адехит | |||
| адехиӝа | |||
| адехўа | |||
| адехиӱа | |||
| адеххўа | |||
| адехиӈ | |||
| адехԓа | |||
| адехаг | |||
| адехша | |||
| адехва | |||
| адеха | |||
| адехжа | |||
| адехшӄа | |||
| адехҙа | |||
| адех! | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Third | ! rowspan="2" | Third | ||
! | ! Proximal | ||
| | | охух | ||
| уԓухтуб | |||
| охухур | |||
| охухԓут | |||
| охухуӝу | |||
| охухуў | |||
| охухӱу | |||
| охухўу | |||
| охухуӈ | |||
| охухԓу | |||
| охухуг | |||
| охухшу | |||
| охухву | |||
| охухуй | |||
| охухжу | |||
| охухшӄу | |||
| охухҙу | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Distal | ||
| йохух | |||
| юԓухтуб | |||
| йохухур | |||
| йохухԓут | |||
| йохухуӝу | |||
| йохухуў | |||
| йохухӱу | |||
| йохухўу | |||
| йохухуӈ | |||
| йохухԓу | |||
| йохухуг | |||
| йохухшу | |||
| йохухву | |||
| йохухуй | |||
| йохухжу | |||
| йохухшӄу | |||
| йохухҙу | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 974: | Line 1,348: | ||
! rowspan="4" | Singular | ! rowspan="4" | Singular | ||
! colspan="2" | First | ! colspan="2" | First | ||
| | | -(й)ⓥм | ||
| | | кива'''йӹм''''' (my hill) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Second | ! colspan="2" | Second | ||
| | | -(й)ⓥд | ||
| '' | | кива'''йӹд''''' (your(sin) hill) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Third | ! rowspan="2" | Third | ||
! Proximal | ! Proximal | ||
| | | -(ⓥ)ў | ||
| | | кива'''ў''''' (his/her hill) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Distal | ! Distal | ||
| | | -(ⓥ)ӱⓥ | ||
| | | кива'''ӱӹ''''' (his/her hill) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" | Plural | ! rowspan="4" | Plural | ||
! colspan="2" | First | ! colspan="2" | First | ||
| | | -(ⓥ)мⓥх | ||
| | | хама'''мӹх''''' (our Chief) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Second | ! colspan="2" | Second | ||
| | | -(ⓥ)дⓥх | ||
| '' | | хама'''дӹх''''' (your(plr) Chief) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Third | ! rowspan="2" | Third | ||
! Proximal | ! Proximal | ||
| | | -(ⓥ)ўⓥх | ||
| | | хама'''ўӹх''''' (their Chief) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Distal | ! Distal | ||
| | | -(ⓥ)ӱⓥх | ||
| | | хама'''ӱӹх''''' (their Chief) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
*ⓥ - vowel harmony (complex) | |||
==Verbs== | |||
=== | ===Tenses=== | ||
=== | ===Conjunctions=== | ||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed""; style="text-align: center;" | |||
!colspan="11" | I conjugation - words starting and ending with consonants other than fricatives & aproximants: ӵeд (ćed) - start | |||
|- | |||
{| class="wikitable"; style="text-align: center; | |||
!rowspan="2"|Mood | !rowspan="2"|Mood | ||
!rowspan="2"|Person | !rowspan="2"|Person | ||
!rowspan="2"|Number | !rowspan="2"|Number | ||
!rowspan="2"|Infinite | |||
!colspan="2"|Past | !colspan="2"|Past | ||
! Present | !Present | ||
!colspan="2"|Future | !colspan="2"|Future | ||
!colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past | !colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past | ||
Line 1,036: | Line 1,413: | ||
!rowspan="2"|1st | !rowspan="2"|1st | ||
!Singular | !Singular | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | ||
| '' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}м''' | ||
| '' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | ||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Plural | !Plural | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| '' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | ||
| '' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| ' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | ||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="10"| | !colspan="10"| | ||
Line 1,057: | Line 1,436: | ||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | !rowspan="2"|2nd | ||
!Singular | !Singular | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | ||
| '' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}д''' | ||
| '' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | ||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Plural | !Plural | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| '' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | ||
| '' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | ||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="10"| | !colspan="10"| | ||
Line 1,078: | Line 1,459: | ||
!rowspan="2"|3d | !rowspan="2"|3d | ||
!Singular | !Singular | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | ||
| '' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}''' | ||
| '' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | ||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Plural | !Plural | ||
| | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| '' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | ||
| '' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| ''' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| ''''' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''' | | '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | ||
| ''''' | | ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | ||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="11"| | !colspan="11"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=" | !rowspan="8"|Capability | ||
!rowspan=" | !rowspan="2"|1st | ||
!Singular | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Imperative | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}хц{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}хц{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}хц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}хц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| Assurative | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="6"| Rhetorical | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | !colspan="1"|Singular | ||
| | | ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | ||
| '' | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | ||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="1"|Plural | !colspan="1"|Plural | ||
| '' | | ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| colspan="2" | '' | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўх | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўх | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўх{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўх{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўхже | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўхж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Hypothetical | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''ўодехж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ж | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan=" | !Plural | ||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="1"| Hortative | |||
!rowspan="1"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ш | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ш | |||
| ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="1"| Dehortative | |||
!rowspan="1"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| '''йех'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ш | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| '''йех'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ш | |||
| '''йех'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''йехвӹ'''ӵeд'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
*{{colorbox|#BB0000}} - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed""; style="text-align: center;" | |||
!colspan="11" | II conjugation - words starting with consonants and ending with fricatives & aproximants: йев (yev) - live | |||
{| class="wikitable"; | |||
! colspan=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | | !rowspan="2"|Mood | ||
! Singular | !rowspan="2"|Person | ||
| rowspan="2" | '' | !rowspan="2"|Number | ||
| rowspan="2" | '' | !rowspan="2"|Infinite | ||
| ''''' | !colspan="2"|Past | ||
| ''''' | !Present | ||
!colspan="2"|Future | |||
!colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past | |||
|- | |||
!Simple | |||
!{{H:title|Past perfect also acts as present perfect|Perfect}} | |||
!Simple | |||
!Simple | |||
!Perfect | |||
!Simple | |||
!Perfect | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Indicative | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}м''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}д''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}дӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''д{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўхӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="11"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Capability | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|##BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|##BB0000|e}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Imperative | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| йев'''ц{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''ц{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| йев'''ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}хц{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}хц{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}хц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}хц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| Assurative | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}ц{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="6"| Rhetorical | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}е | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}ж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Hypothetical | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}мж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}м{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}д{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="10"| | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | | !rowspan="2"|3d | ||
! Singular | !Singular | ||
| '' | | йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў | ||
| '' | | йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ж | ||
| ''''' | | '''вӹ'''йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў | ||
| ''''' | | йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў | ||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Plural | !Plural | ||
| '' | | йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| '' | | йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| ''''' | | '''вӹ'''йев'''дў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| ''''' | | йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | ||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="13"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Plural | !rowspan="1"| Hortative | ||
| ' | !rowspan="1"|1st | ||
| ' | !colspan="1"|Plural | ||
| ''' | | йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ш | ||
| ''''' | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ш | |||
| йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !colspan="13"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Plural | !rowspan="1"| Dehortative | ||
| '' | !rowspan="1"|1st | ||
| '' | !colspan="1"|Plural | ||
| ''''' | | '''йех'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ш | ||
| ''''' | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| '''йех'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}ш | |||
| '''йех'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''йехвӹ'''йев'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
*{{colorbox|#BB0000}} - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
==== | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed""; style="text-align: center;" | ||
!colspan="11" | III conjugation - words starting with consonants and ending with vowels: ка (ka) - hold | |||
|- | |||
==== | !rowspan="2"|Mood | ||
!rowspan="2"|Person | |||
!rowspan="2"|Number | |||
==== | !rowspan="2"|Infinite | ||
!colspan="2"|Past | |||
!Present | |||
=== | !colspan="2"|Future | ||
{| | !colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past | ||
! colspan=" | |- | ||
!Simple | |||
!{{H:title|Past perfect also acts as present perfect|Perfect}} | |||
!Simple | |||
!Simple | |||
!Perfect | |||
!Simple | |||
!Perfect | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Indicative | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| ка'''м | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}м''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| ка'''м | |||
| ка'''мӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''мӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}д''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''ўж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ўж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''ўхӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="11"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Capability | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м | |||
| ка'''длй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''длй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''длй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''длй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|##BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| ка'''длй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''длй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''длй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''длй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''длй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''длй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''длй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х''' | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''длй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''лй{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Imperative | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ка'''ц{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''ц{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}к | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}к | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ка'''хц{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''хц{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''хц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''хц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| Assurative | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ка'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}ц | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}ц | |||
| ка'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ка'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}ц | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}ц | |||
| ка'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="6"| Rhetorical | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}ж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}ж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}ж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}ж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Hypothetical | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў | |||
| ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ж | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="1"| Hortative | |||
!rowspan="1"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ка'''ш | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ка'''ш | |||
| ка'''шӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''ка'''шӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="1"| Dehortative | |||
!rowspan="1"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| '''йех'''ка'''ш | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| '''йех'''ка'''ш | |||
| '''йех'''ка'''шӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''йехвӹ'''ка'''шӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
*{{colorbox|#BB0000}} - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed""; style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="8" | | !colspan="11" | IV conjugation - words starting with vowles and ending with consonants: ор (or) - show | ||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Mood | |||
!rowspan="2"|Person | |||
!rowspan="2"|Number | |||
!rowspan="2"|Infinite | |||
!colspan="2"|Past | |||
!Present | |||
!colspan="2"|Future | |||
!colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past | |||
|- | |||
!Simple | |||
!{{H:title|Past perfect also acts as present perfect|Perfect}} | |||
!Simple | |||
!Simple | |||
!Perfect | |||
!Simple | |||
!Perfect | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Indicative | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}м | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}м''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}м | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}м | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}мж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}мж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}д''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}д | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}х''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="11"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Capability | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}длй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}длй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}мж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}мж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}длй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}длй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|##BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}длй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}длй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}длй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}длй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х''' | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|e}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}х | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}хж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Imperative | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}хц{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}хц{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}хц{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}хц{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| Assurative | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}х{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}х{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}х{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}х{{color|#BB0000|у}}ц{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="6"| Rhetorical | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}м | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}м | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}мж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}мж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}ж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}ж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}ж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}ж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Hypothetical | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}мж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}мж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}м{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}д{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ж | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}дў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}х | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}ў{{color|#BB0000|у}}хж{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="1"| Hortative | |||
!rowspan="1"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ш{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ш{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ш{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''вй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ш{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="1"| Dehortative | |||
!rowspan="1"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| '''йех'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ш{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| '''йех'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ш{{color|#BB0000|у}} | |||
| '''йех'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ш{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| '''йехвй'''ор'''{{color|#BB0000|у}}ш{{color|#BB0000|у}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|у}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
*{{colorbox|#BB0000}} - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
=== | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed""; style="text-align: center;" | ||
!colspan="11" | V conjugation - words starting with vowles and ending with fricatives & aproximants: aҙыл (ađyl) - (be) happy | |||
<br><br> | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"|Mood | |||
!rowspan="2"|Person | |||
!rowspan="2"|Number | |||
=== | !rowspan="2"|Infinite | ||
==== | !colspan="2"|Past | ||
!Present | |||
!colspan="2"|Future | |||
==== | !colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past | ||
{| style=" | |- | ||
! | !Simple | ||
!{{H:title|Past perfect also acts as present perfect|Perfect}} | |||
!Simple | |||
!Simple | |||
!Perfect | |||
!Simple | |||
!Perfect | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Indicative | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| aҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}мж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}мж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д | |||
| aҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}дӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}дӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| aҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўхӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="11"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Capability | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вӹ'''aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}мж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}мж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}}''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|e}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|e}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|e}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х''' | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}длй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|##BB0000|ӹ}}лй{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Imperative | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| aҙыл'''ц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыл'''ц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| aҙыл'''ц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| Assurative | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ц | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ц | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ц | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ц | |||
| aҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыԓ'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ц{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="6"| Rhetorical | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӹмж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}мж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3nd | |||
!colspan="1"|Singular | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="8"|Hypothetical | |||
!rowspan="2"|1st | |||
!Singular | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| aҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}мж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}мж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}м{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | |||
!Singular | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д | |||
| aҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | !Plural | ||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}д{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="10"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | !rowspan="2"|3d | ||
!Singular | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў | |||
| aҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ж | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | !Plural | ||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''дў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}х | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| aҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ў{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}хж{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="13"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | !rowspan="1"| Hortative | ||
!rowspan="1"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| aҙыл'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ш | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| aҙыл'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ш | |||
| aҙыл'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''вя'''ҙыл'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ш{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | !colspan="13"| | ||
|- | |||
!rowspan="1"| Dehortative | |||
!rowspan="1"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| '''йех'''aҙыл'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ш | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| '''йех'''aҙыл'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}ш | |||
| '''йех'''aҙыл'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| '''йехвя'''ҙыл'''{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}шӵ{{color|#BB0000|ӹ}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
*{{colorbox|#BB0000}} - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
* note that since ⟨й⟩ meets ⟨a⟩, it becomes ⟨я⟩ | |||
== | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed""; style="text-align: center;" | ||
!colspan="11" | VI conjugation - words starting and ending with vowels: уса (usa) - become | |||
|- | |||
= | !rowspan="2"|Mood | ||
!rowspan="2"|Person | |||
= | !rowspan="2"|Number | ||
!rowspan="2"|Infinite | |||
! | !colspan="2"|Past | ||
! | !Present | ||
! | !colspan="2"|Future | ||
! | !colspan="2"|Future<br>in the<br>past | ||
! | |- | ||
!Simple | |||
!{{H:title|Past perfect also acts as present perfect|Perfect}} | |||
!Simple | |||
!Simple | |||
!Perfect | |||
!Simple | |||
!Perfect | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="8"|Indicative | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|1st | ||
| | !Singular | ||
| | | уса'''м | ||
| | | уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}м''' | ||
| '''вю'''са'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| уса'''м | |||
| уса'''мӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''мӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Plural | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х''' | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="10"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|2nd | ||
| | !Singular | ||
| | | уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}} | ||
| | | уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}д''' | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | ||
| уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Plural | ||
| | | уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х''' | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="10"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|3d | ||
| | !Singular | ||
| | | уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}} | ||
| | | уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}''' | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}} | ||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| уса'''ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''ўж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ўж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Plural | ||
| | | уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | уса'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х''' | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''д{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| уса'''ўхӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="11"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="8"|Capability | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|1st | ||
| | !Singular | ||
| | | уса'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м | ||
| | | уса'''длй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м''' | ||
| '''вю'''са'''длй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м | |||
| уса'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м | |||
| уса'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| уса'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}мж{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}мж{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Plural | ||
| | | уса'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м{{color|#BB0000|а}}х | ||
| | | уса'''длй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м{{color|#BB0000|а}}х''' | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''длй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м{{color|#BB0000|а}}х | ||
| | | уса'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м{{color|#BB0000|а}}х | ||
| уса'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м{{color|#BB0000|а}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м{{color|#BB0000|а}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| уса'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м{{color|#BB0000|а}}хж{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|##BB0000|а}}м{{color|#BB0000|а}}хж{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="10"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|2nd | ||
| | !Singular | ||
| | | уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д | ||
| | | уса'''длй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д''' | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''длй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д | ||
| уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д | |||
| уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Plural | ||
| | | уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д{{color|#BB0000|а}}х | ||
| | | уса'''длй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д{{color|#BB0000|а}}х''' | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''длй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д{{color|#BB0000|а}}х | ||
| | | уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д{{color|#BB0000|а}}х | ||
| уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д{{color|#BB0000|а}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д{{color|#BB0000|а}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д{{color|#BB0000|а}}хж{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}д{{color|#BB0000|а}}хж{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="10"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|3d | ||
| | !Singular | ||
| | | уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}} | ||
| | | уса'''длй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}}''' | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''длй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}} | ||
| уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
| уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Plural | ||
| | | уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}}х | ||
| | | уса'''длй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}}х''' | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''длй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}}х | ||
| | | уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}}х | ||
| уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|а}}л | |||
| уса'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}}хж{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''лй{{color|#BB0000|а}}ў{{color|#BB0000|а}}хж{{color|#BB0000|а}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="13"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|Imperative | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|2nd | ||
| | !colspan="1"|Singular | ||
| | | уса'''ц{{color|#BB0000|a}} | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| уса'''ц{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| уса'''ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="1"|Plural | ||
| | | уса'''хц{{color|#BB0000|a}} | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | уса'''хц{{color|#BB0000|a}} | ||
| уса'''хц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вю'''са'''хц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="13"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="2"| Assurative | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|1st | ||
| | !colspan="1"|Singular | ||
| | | уса'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}ц | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| уса'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}ц | |||
| уса'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вю'''са'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="1"|Plural | ||
| | | уса'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}ц | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | уса'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}ц | ||
| уса'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вю'''са'''{{color|#BB0000|я}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}ц{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="13"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="6"| Rhetorical | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|1st | ||
| | !colspan="1"|Singular | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="1"|Plural | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|2nd | ||
| | !colspan="1"|Singular | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}} | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}ж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}ж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="1"|Plural | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|3nd | ||
| | !colspan="1"|Singular | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}} | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}ж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}ж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="1"|Plural | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" | | ||
| | | уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="13"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !rowspan="8"|Hypothetical | ||
| | !rowspan="2"|1st | ||
| | !Singular | ||
| | | уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | ||
| | | уса'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | ||
| '''вю'''са'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}мӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}мж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Plural | ||
| | | уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | уса'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | '''вю'''са'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| | | уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | ||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}м{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !colspan="10"| | ||
| | |- | ||
| - | !rowspan="2"|2nd | ||
| - | !Singular | ||
| - | | уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | ||
| уса'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| '''вю'''са'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| уса'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вю'''са'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}д{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="10"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|3d | |||
!Singular | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў | |||
| уса'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ж | |||
| '''вю'''са'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ўж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| уса'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| '''вю'''са'''дў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}х | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л{{color|#BB0000|a}}с{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| уса'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
| '''вю'''са'''ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}ў{{color|#BB0000|a}}хж{{color|#BB0000|a}} | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="1"| Hortative | |||
!rowspan="1"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| уса'''ш | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| уса'''ш | |||
| уса'''шӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''вю'''са'''шӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="13"| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="1"| Dehortative | |||
!rowspan="1"|1st | |||
!colspan="1"|Plural | |||
| '''йех'''уса'''ш | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| '''йех'''уса'''ш | |||
| '''йех'''уса'''шӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| '''йехвю'''са'''шӵ{{color|#BB0000|a}}л | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
*{{colorbox|#BB0000}} - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
* note that since ⟨й⟩ meets ⟨у⟩, it becomes ⟨ю⟩ | |||
===Negatoin=== | |||
As seen in the conjugation tbales, for negation the prefix "йех-" is added in singular | |||
==Copula== | |||
Haydag has integrated copula | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"" | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | ! colspan="11"|I declension, ending in fricatives and aproximant : доў (dow) - desired | ||
| ''' | |- | ||
| ''' | ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | Person & Number | ||
| ''' | ! colspan="4" | Indefinite | ||
| | ! colspan="4" | Definite | ||
|- | |||
! {{wp|Past tense|Past}} | |||
! {{wp|Present tense|Present}} | |||
! | ! {{wp|Future tense|Future}} | ||
! {{wp|Future in the past|Future<br>in the past}} | |||
! {{wp|Past tense|Past}} | |||
! {{wp|Present tense|Present}} | |||
! {{wp|Future tense|Future}} | |||
! {{wp|Future in the past|Future<br>in the past}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="9" | Singular | |||
! Rowspan="3" | First | |||
!Word | |||
| ӵыдым || ӵым || ӵымӵыл || ӵымжы | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |||
!Affix | |||
| -ӵⓥд || -ӵⓥ || -ӵⓥл || -ӵⓥж | |||
| -ⓥлӵⓥд || -ⓥлӵⓥ || -ⓥлӵⓥл || -ⓥлӵⓥж | |||
|- | |||
!Example | |||
| доў'''ӵуд'''<br><small>(i was desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''ӵу'''<br><small>(i am desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''ӵул'''<br><small>(i will be desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''ӵуж'''<br><small>(i was going to be desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улӵуд'''<br><small>(i was the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улӵу'''<br><small>(i am the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улӵул'''<br><small>(i will be the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улӵуж'''<br><small>(i was going to be the desired)</small> | |||
|- | |||
! Rowspan="3" | Second | |||
!Word | |||
| шувуд || шув || шувӵул || шувжу | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |||
!Affix | |||
| -вⓥд || -вⓥ || -вⓥл || -вⓥж | |||
| -ⓥлвⓥд || -ⓥлвⓥ || -ⓥлвⓥл || -ⓥлвⓥж | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| | | доў'''вуд'''<br><small>(you were desired)</small> | ||
| | | доў'''ву'''<br><small>(you are desired)</small> | ||
| | | доў'''вул'''<br><small>(you will be desired)</small> | ||
| | | доў'''вуж'''<br><small>(you were going to be desired)</small> | ||
| доў'''улвуд'''<br><small>(you were the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улву'''<br><small>(you are the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улвул'''<br><small>(you will be the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улвуж'''<br><small>(you were going to be the desired)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! Rowspan="3" | Third | ||
| | !Word | ||
| | | паўад || паў || паўал || паўжу | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Affix | ||
| | | -пⓥд || -пⓥ || -пⓥл || -пⓥж | ||
| - | | -ⓥлпⓥд || -ⓥлпⓥ || -ⓥлпⓥл || -ⓥлпⓥж | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| | | доў'''пуд'''<br><small>(they were desired)</small> | ||
| | | доў'''пу'''<br><small>(they are desired)</small> | ||
| | | доў'''пул'''<br><small>(they will be desired)</small> | ||
| | | доў'''пуж'''<br><small>(they were going to be desired)</small> | ||
| доў'''улпуд'''<br><small>(they were the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улпу'''<br><small>(they are the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улпул'''<br><small>(they will be the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улпуж'''<br><small>(they were going to be the desired)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! rowspan="9" | Plural | ||
| | ! Rowspan="3" | First | ||
| | !Word | ||
| | | хўыдым || хўым || хўымӵыл || хўымжы | ||
| | | style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Affix | ||
| -хўⓥд || -хўⓥ || -хўⓥл || -хўⓥж | |||
| -ⓥлхўⓥд || -ⓥлхўⓥ || -ⓥлхўⓥл || -ⓥлхўⓥж | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| | | доў'''хўуд'''<br><small>(we were desired)</small> | ||
| | | доў'''хўу'''<br><small>(we are desired)</small> | ||
| доў'''хўул'''<br><small>(we will be desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''хўуж'''<br><small>(we were going to be desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улхўуд'''<br><small>(we were the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улхўу'''<br><small>(we are the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улхўул'''<br><small>(we will be the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улхўуж'''<br><small>(we were going to be the desired)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! Rowspan="3" | Second | ||
| | !Word | ||
| йудуш || йуш || йушӵул || йушжу | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Affix | ||
| | | -йⓥд || -йⓥ || -йⓥл || -йⓥж | ||
| -ⓥлйⓥд || -ⓥлйⓥ || -ⓥлйⓥл || -ⓥлйⓥж | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| доў'''йуд'''<br><small>(you were desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''йу'''<br><small>(you are desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''йул'''<br><small>(you will be desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''йуж'''<br><small>(you were going to be desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улйуд'''<br><small>(you were the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улйу'''<br><small>(you are the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улйул'''<br><small>(you will be the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улйуж'''<br><small>(you were going to be the desired)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Rowspan="3" | Third | |||
| | !Word | ||
| садаў || саў || саўӵал || саўжа | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Affix | ||
| -сⓥд || -сⓥ || -сⓥл || -сⓥж | |||
| -ⓥлсⓥд || -ⓥлсⓥ || -ⓥлсⓥл || -ⓥлсⓥж | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| | | доў'''суд'''<br><small>(they were desired)</small> | ||
| доў'''су'''<br><small>(they are desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''сул'''<br><small>(they will be desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''суж'''<br><small>(they were going to be desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улсуд'''<br><small>(they were the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улсу'''<br><small>(they are the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улсул'''<br><small>(they will be the desired)</small> | |||
| доў'''улсуж'''<br><small>(they were going to be the desired)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |} | ||
* ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="11"|II declension, ending in vowels : тԓўосы (tłwosy) - hunter | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | Person & Number | ||
! colspan="4" | Indefinite | |||
! colspan="4" | Definite | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! {{wp|Past tense|Past}} | ||
| | ! {{wp|Present tense|Present}} | ||
! {{wp|Future tense|Future}} | |||
! {{wp|Future in the past|Future<br>in the past}} | |||
! {{wp|Past tense|Past}} | |||
! {{wp|Present tense|Present}} | |||
! {{wp|Future tense|Future}} | |||
! {{wp|Future in the past|Future<br>in the past}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! rowspan="9" | Singular | ||
| | ! Rowspan="3" | First | ||
!Word | |||
| ӵыдым || ӵым || ӵымӵыл || ӵымжы | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Affix | ||
| -ӵⓥд || -ӵⓥ || -ӵⓥл || -ӵⓥж | |||
| -лӵⓥд || -лӵⓥ || -лӵⓥл || -лӵⓥж | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| тԓўосы'''ӵӹд'''<br><small>(i was a hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''ӵӹ'''<br><small>(i am a hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''ӵӹл'''<br><small>(i will be a hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''ӵӹж'''<br><small>(i was going to be a hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лӵӹд'''<br><small>(i was the hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лӵӹ'''<br><small>(i am the hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лӵӹл'''<br><small>(i will be the hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лӵӹж'''<br><small>(i was going to be the hunter)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! Rowspan="3" | Second | ||
!Word | |||
| шувуд || шув || шувӵул || шувжу | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Affix | ||
| | | -вⓥд || -вⓥ || -вⓥл || -вⓥж | ||
| | | -лвⓥд || -лвⓥ || -лвⓥл || -лвⓥж | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| | | тԓўосы'''вӹд'''<br><small>(you were a hunter)</small> | ||
| тԓўосы'''вӹ'''<br><small>(you are a hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''вӹл'''<br><small>(you will be a hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''вӹж'''<br><small>(you were going to be a hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лвӹд'''<br><small>(you were the hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лвӹ'''<br><small>(you are the hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лвӹл'''<br><small>(you will be the hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лвӹж'''<br><small>(you were going to be the hunter)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! Rowspan="3" | Third | ||
| | !Word | ||
| паўад || паў || паўал || паўжу | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Affix | ||
| | | -пⓥд || -пⓥ || -пⓥл || -пⓥж | ||
| -лпⓥд || -лпⓥ || -лпⓥл || -лпⓥж | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| | | тԓўосы'''пӹд'''<br><small>(they were a hunter)</small> | ||
| тԓўосы'''пӹ'''<br><small>(they are a hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''пӹл'''<br><small>(they will be a hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''пӹж'''<br><small>(they were going to be a hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лпӹд'''<br><small>(they were the hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лпӹ'''<br><small>(they are the hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лпӹл'''<br><small>(they will be the hunter)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лпӹж'''<br><small>(they were going to be the hunter)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! rowspan="9" | Plural | ||
| | ! Rowspan="3" | First | ||
!Word | |||
| хўыдым || хўым || хўымӵыл || хўымжы | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Affix | ||
| | | -хўⓥд || -хўⓥ || -хўⓥл || -хўⓥж | ||
| -лхўⓥд || -лхўⓥ || -лхўⓥл || -лхўⓥж | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| | | тԓўосы'''хўӹд'''<br><small>(we were hunters)</small> | ||
| тԓўосы'''хўӹ'''<br><small>(we are huntesr)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''хўӹл'''<br><small>(we will be hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''хўӹж'''<br><small>(we were going to be hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лхўӹд'''<br><small>(we were the hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лхўӹ'''<br><small>(we are the hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лхўӹл'''<br><small>(we will be the hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лхўӹж'''<br><small>(we were going to be the hunters)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! Rowspan="3" | Second | ||
| | !Word | ||
| йудуш || йуш || йушӵул || йушжу | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Affix | ||
| | | -йⓥд || -йⓥ || -йⓥл || -йⓥж | ||
| -лйⓥд || -лйⓥ || -лйⓥл || -лйⓥж | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| | | тԓўосы'''йӹд'''<br><small>(you were hunters)</small> | ||
| | | тԓўосы'''йӹ'''<br><small>(you are huntesr)</small> | ||
| тԓўосы'''йӹл'''<br><small>(you will be hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''йӹж'''<br><small>(you were going to be hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лйӹд'''<br><small>(you were the hunters)</small> | |||
! | | тԓўосы'''лйӹ'''<br><small>(you are the hunters)</small> | ||
| тԓўосы'''лйӹл'''<br><small>(you will be the hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лйӹж'''<br><small>(you were going to be the hunters)</small> | |||
|- | |||
! Rowspan="3" | Third | |||
!Word | |||
| садаў || саў || саўӵал || саўжа | |||
| style="background:#E6E6E6" colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |||
!Affix | |||
| -сⓥд || -сⓥ || -сⓥл || -сⓥж | |||
| -лсⓥд || -лсⓥ || -лсⓥл || -лсⓥж | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | !Example | ||
| | | тԓўосы'''сӹд'''<br><small>(they were hunters)</small> | ||
| | | тԓўосы'''сӹ'''<br><small>(they are huntesr)</small> | ||
| тԓўосы'''сӹл'''<br><small>(they will be hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''сӹж'''<br><small>(they were going to be hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лсӹд'''<br><small>(they were the hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лсӹ'''<br><small>(they are the hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лсӹл'''<br><small>(they will be the hunters)</small> | |||
| тԓўосы'''лсӹж'''<br><small>(they were going to be the hunters)</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
* ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple) | |||
===Questions=== | |||
====Yes or No Questions==== | |||
To form yes or no questions the suffix ''-(а)ка'' is used: for example "did i drink" - ''бцесва'''ка''''' | |||
====Interrogatives==== | |||
WIP | |||
==Vocabulary== | |||
WIP | |||
==Numerals== | |||
==Language examples== | |||
{{ | {{Anteria info pages}} | ||
[[Category:Anteria]] | [[Category:Anteria]] |
Latest revision as of 04:53, 8 November 2022
Haydag | |
---|---|
Haydag, Qazhshavan | |
Хайдага Вышосы Xajdaga Vyshosy | |
Pronunciation | [ˈxajdaɣa vɨˈʂɔsɨ] |
Native to | Qazhshava |
Region | Southern Thuadia |
Ethnicity | Haydags |
Native speakers | L1 (Anteria): 58,400,000 L2 (Anteria): 24,600,000 L1 (Eurth): 4,570,000 L2 (Eurth): 630,000 |
Paleo-Qazhshavan
| |
Standard forms | Coastal
|
Dialects |
|
Govoric | |
Official status | |
Official language in | Qazhshava |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | hd |
ISO 639-2 | hdg |
ISO 639-3 | - |
The Haydag language is the widely spoken of it's family, called Adusian, and the official language of the nation of Qazhshava. It is an ancient Thuadian tounge with no known ancestral conection to the surrounding Thuado-Thrismaran languages.
Classification
As of yet, any attempts to link the Haydag languages to any other languages in the world have failed, altough some still believe its a very old relative to the Thuado-Thrismaran languages/Indo-European languages, which is only backed up by similar features which have been speculated and some proven to have come due to influence from said languages, and some reconstructed-proto words and existign root words that seem to have been borrowod from early forms of the slavic and germanic languages.
Dialects
History
TBA
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ~ɴ | |||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | q | |||
voiced | b | d | ||||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s t͡ɬ |
t͡ʂ | |||||
voiced | d͡z | d͡ʐ | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʂ (ʂʷ) | x | |||
voiced | v | ð (ðʷ) | z | ʐ | ɣ (ɣʷ) | |||
Aproximant | voiced | w | l | j ɥ | ||||
voiceless | ʍ | ɬ | ||||||
Tap & Trill | voiced | ɾ |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R- | R+ | R- | R+ | R- | R+ | |
Close | i | ɨ | ɯ̞ | u | ||
Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||||
Open | a~ɑ |
Stress
Stress in Haydag used to fall on the first syllable of the root, and rarely on other syllables, but in the last few decades a stress shift has occured and currently stress isnt of much importance, mostly depending on the speaker.
Writing System
Haydag is written using the Govoric script, which was adopted around the 11th century, and used ever sence
Govoric version:
А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Дз дз | Е е | Ж ж | Ӝ ӝ | З з | Ҙ ҙ |
И и | Й й | К к | Ӄ ӄ | Л л | Ԓ ԓ | М м | Н н | Ӈ ӈ | О о | П п |
Р р | С с | Т т | Тԓ тԓ | У у | Ў ў | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х | Хў хў | Ц ц |
Ч ч | Ӵ ӵ | Ш ш | Ы ы | Ӹ ӹ | Ь ь | Ю ю | Я я |
A a | B b | C c | Ch ch | D d | Dh dh | Dz dz | Dzh dzh | E e | F f | G g |
H h | Hw hw | I i | J j | J̈ j̈ | K k | L l | Lh hl | M m | N n | Ng ng |
O o | P p | Q q | R r | S s | Sh sh | T t | Tlh tlh | U u | V v | W w |
X x | Y y | Z z | Zh zh |
In the late 18th cnetury Lakhian and Lakkathan traders and travlers coming back from the Qazhshavan colony in Encessia brought back the Mkhedruli script which was adopted for their languages, due to the area being hard to access at the time, literacy rates in the mountains were low compared to other regions and the Mkhedruli script started being tought by locals to locals, eventually becoming part of the culture there.
Detailed table
Govoric | Name | IPA | Rom. | Mkhe. | ExpandNotes |
---|
Braille
TBA
Keyboard layout
TBA
Grammar
Synatx
Haydag is a pro-drop SOV-S language where possessees come before possessors, adjectives before nouns and it has postpositions.
Example of pro-drop:
- йем удуб овалам - i love you
- удуб овалам - i love you
Syllable structure
Haydag's syllable structure is classed as fairly complex.
- (C)(C)V(C)(C)
Number
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
Affix | Ø | -(ⓥ)х | |
Examples | пушы (dog) ӵур (tent) машўата (eye) |
пушых (dogs) ӵурух (tents) машўатах (eyes) |
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
Vowel Harmony
Haydag Vowel Harmony | Front | Central | Back | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R- | R+ | |||||||
Vowel | a /a/ | е /ɛ/ | и /i/ | ы /ɨ/ | ӹ /ɯ̞/ | у /u/ | о /ɔ/ | |
Simple | a | e | ӹ | у | ||||
Complex | ӹ | и | ы | ӹ | у |
- Simple harmony is the common one that apears in the majority suffixes
- Complex harmony apears in a few suffixes, like personal possessive and articles.
Articles
Type | Word | Аffix | Example |
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | ӄa ((a) rock) | ||
Definite | -ⓥӈ | ӄaӈ (the rock) | |
Proximal-demonstrative | гоӈӹй | -нⓥг | ӄaнӹг (this rock) |
Distal-demonstrative | гойӹй | -йⓥг | ӄaйӹг (that rock) |
Partitive | докай | -кⓥй | ӄakӹй (some rocks) |
Partitive-Collective | сокай | -сⓥй | ӄaсӹй (most rocks) |
Non-Partitive | рукӹй | -рⓥй | ӄaрӹй (no rocks) |
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (complex)
Cases
Haydag has 18 grammatical cases:
ExpandI declension - words ending in consonants other than fricatives & aproximants |
---|
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
ExpandII declension - words ending in fricatives & aproximants |
---|
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
- note that since ⟨й⟩ meets ⟨a⟩, it becomes ⟨я⟩
ExpandIII declension - words ending in vowels |
---|
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
Two more commonly tought as cases expist, the adjective and adverbial Adjective - <noun>+(ⓥ)л (plural form <noun>+(ⓥ)ԓ) Adverbial - <noun>+(ⓥ)выԓы
- Positive - Bassic form of the word- fine - жыл
- Negative - Negation of the word - "unfine" - йехжыл
- Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something, used with the Comparative case - finier - быгжыл
- Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - finiest - ривжыл
Pronouns
Haydag has a high number of inflected pronouns due to the number of cases it has.
Person & Number | NOM | DAT | GEN | ACC | INS | COM | CMPR | INE | ADE | POESS | SUPESS | SBESS | ALL | ABL | LAT | ELA | BEN | ExpandVOC |
---|
Suffix | Example | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | -(й)ⓥм | кивайӹм (my hill) | |
Second | -(й)ⓥд | кивайӹд (your(sin) hill) | ||
Third | Proximal | -(ⓥ)ў | киваў (his/her hill) | |
Distal | -(ⓥ)ӱⓥ | киваӱӹ (his/her hill) | ||
Plural | First | -(ⓥ)мⓥх | хамамӹх (our Chief) | |
Second | -(ⓥ)дⓥх | хамадӹх (your(plr) Chief) | ||
Third | Proximal | -(ⓥ)ўⓥх | хамаўӹх (their Chief) | |
Distal | -(ⓥ)ӱⓥх | хамаӱӹх (their Chief) |
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (complex)
Verbs
Tenses
Conjunctions
ExpandI conjugation - words starting and ending with consonants other than fricatives & aproximants: ӵeд (ćed) - start |
---|
- - vowel harmony (simple)
ExpandII conjugation - words starting with consonants and ending with fricatives & aproximants: йев (yev) - live |
---|
- - vowel harmony (simple)
ExpandIII conjugation - words starting with consonants and ending with vowels: ка (ka) - hold |
---|
- - vowel harmony (simple)
ExpandIV conjugation - words starting with vowles and ending with consonants: ор (or) - show |
---|
- - vowel harmony (simple)
ExpandV conjugation - words starting with vowles and ending with fricatives & aproximants: aҙыл (ađyl) - (be) happy |
---|
- - vowel harmony (simple)
- note that since ⟨й⟩ meets ⟨a⟩, it becomes ⟨я⟩
ExpandVI conjugation - words starting and ending with vowels: уса (usa) - become |
---|
- - vowel harmony (simple)
- note that since ⟨й⟩ meets ⟨у⟩, it becomes ⟨ю⟩
Negatoin
As seen in the conjugation tbales, for negation the prefix "йех-" is added in singular
Copula
Haydag has integrated copula
ExpandI declension, ending in fricatives and aproximant : доў (dow) - desired |
---|
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
ExpandII declension, ending in vowels : тԓўосы (tłwosy) - hunter |
---|
- ⓥ - vowel harmony (simple)
Questions
Yes or No Questions
To form yes or no questions the suffix -(а)ка is used: for example "did i drink" - бцесвака
Interrogatives
WIP
Vocabulary
WIP
Numerals
Language examples