Amathia

Amathian Democratic Republic Ⱃⰵⱂⱆⰱⰾⰹⰽⰰ Ⰴⰵⰿⱁⰽⱃⰰⱅⱐ Ⰰⰿⰰⱚⰹⰰⱀⱐ (Amathian) Republica Democrată Amathiană 6 other official names Argetian: Ⱃⰵⱂⱆⰱⰾⰹⰽⰰ Ⰴⰵⰿⱁⰽⱃⰰⱅⱐ Ⰰⰿⰰⱚⰹⰰⱀⱐ Republica Democrată Amathiană Malvian: Ⱃⰵⱂⱆⰱⰾⰹⰽⰰ Ⰴⰵⰿⱁⰽⱍⱃⰰⱅⱐ ⰰⰾⰹ Ⰰⰿⰰⱅⰹⰵⰹ Republica Demochratã ali Amatiei Sorian: Ⱃⰵⱂⱆⰱⰾⰹⰽⰰ Ⰴⰵⰿⱁⰽⱃⰰⱅⰹⰽⰰ Ⰰⰿⰰⱚⰹⰰⱀⰰ Republica Democratica Amathiana Marisian: Ⱃⰵⰹⱂⱆⰱⰾⰹⰽⰰ Ⰴⰵⰿⱁⰽⱃⰰⱅⱄⰻ Ⰰⰿⰰⱅⰹⰰⱀⰻ Rejpublica Democratsă Amatiană Zirnarian: Ⱃⰹⰵⱄⱂⱆⰱⰾⰹⰽⰰ Ⰴⰻⰿⱁⰽⱃⰰⱅⰻ Ⰰⰿⰰⱅⰹⰰⱀⰻ Riespublica Dămocrată Amatiană Preidan: Ⱅⰰⱆⱅⱁⰴⰹⱀⰵⱄ Ⱅⰰⱆⱅⱁⰱⰰⰾⰰⱄ Ⰰⰿⰰⱚⰽⰰ Tautodines Tautobalas e Amathke
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Ⰲⰹⱅⰰ ⰹⱀ ⰾⰹⰱⰵⱃⱅⰰⱅⰵ, ⰲⰵⰾ ⰿⱁⱃⱄ!" "Vita in libertate, vel mors!" "Life in freedom, or death!"
Anthem: Awaken thee, Amathian!
National Cockade
Amathia in Kylaris
Amathia in Euclea and in the Euclean Community
Capital and largest city	Arciluco
Official languages	Amathian
Dialects of Amathian	Argetian Sorian Malvian Marisian Zirnian
Recognized regional languages	Preidan Piraean Miruvian Tengarian Bistravian
Ethnic groups (2019)	75% Amathians 8% Preidans 6% Miruvians 4% Piraeans 3% Champanians 2% Tengerians 1% Dezevauni 1% Others
Religion	56% Episemialist 19% Amathian Rite Catholic 14% Irreligious 7% Catholic 4% Other
Demonym(s)	Amathian
Government	Federal semi-presidential directorial republic
• Chairperson of the Presidency	Augustin Valeria
• Members of the Presidency	Augustin Valeria Astrid Garnia Manuela Vercezan Alexandru Iorvel Ioana Savić
• Prime Minister	Maria Marcu
Legislature	Senate
• Upper house	Chamber of the Nation
• Lower house	Chamber of the People
Establishment
• League of the Serpent Wolf	168 BC
• Solarian conquest	106 AC
• Empire of Arciluco	426
• Realm of Thorns	1340
• Unio Trium Nationum	1562
• Amathian Empyreal Republic	1790
• Kingdom of Amathia	1808
• Amathian Council Republic	1935
• Amathian Equalist Republic	1959
• South Euclean People's Republic	1963
• Amathian Democratic Republic	1980
Area
• Total	405,735 km2 (156,655 sq mi)
Population
• 2019 census	35,852,332
• Density	1,119/km2 (2,898.2/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$1,045 trillion
• Per capita	$29,143
Gini (2016)	27.9 low
HDI (2016)	0.854 very high
Currency	Euclo (EUC (€))
Time zone	Euclean Standard Time
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side	right
Internet TLD	.am

Amathia (Amathian: Ⰰⰿⰰⱚⰹⰰ), officially the Amathian Democratic Republic (Ⱃⰵⱂⱆⰱⰾⰹⰽⰰ Ⰴⰵⰿⱁⰽⱃⰰⱅⱐ Ⰰⰿⰰⱚⰹⰰⱀⱐ, tr. Republica Democrată Amathiană), also known as the Amathian DR (ⰓⰄ Ⰰⰿⰰⱚⰹⰰⱀⱐ, RD Amathiană;) or the ADR (ⰓⰄⰀ, RDA), is a is a sovereign nation and a federal semi-presidential directorial republic in Kylaris, located in Southeastern Euclea. Amathia is bordered to the south by the Mazdan Sea, by Piraea to the southeast, Etruria to the east, Gaullica to the northeast, Champania to the north, Bistravia to the northwest and Tengaria to the west.

The current territory of Amathia was inhabited in the Antiquity by the Amathii. Their Odomantian League was a powerful realm on the border of the Solarian Empire for centuries, before being eventually conquered and turned into a province. The region was then heavily colonized by Solarians, becoming closely integrated into their empire. The provincial administration managed to survive the collapse of Solaria, with the last Solarian governor crowning himself Emperor, leading to the creation of the Empire of Arciluco, a Solarian successor state that developed into a unique Amathian entity throughout the Middle Ages. The Arcilucan realm eventually collapsed during the Iconoclast Wars, with multiple smaller states vying for power, but external threats ended their religious conflicts and unified them into the Unio Trium Nationum, a multi-ethnic state in Southern Euclea. This confederation eventually collapsed at the beginning of the Euclean Spring, and the national renaissance that followed led to the establishment of an Amathian Eastern-style monarchy with the Telois-Tresia dynasty holding the throne. The centralized Amathian monarchy aligned itself with Gaullica during the 19th and 20th centuries, and was eventually forced to take part in the Great War, which exposed underlying political, religious, and ethnic tensions that led to the collapse of the monarchy, invasion by Soravian and Etrurian forces, a civil war, and the rise of a Councilist regime through the efforts of a large far-left bloc of political and paramilitary forces.

The Council Republic was initially popular despite the atrocities of the civil war, and managed to secure existence through its participation in the Solarian War. Caught in between the influence spheres of Soravia and Kirenia, and with a difficult internal situation, the new regime became increasingly unstable, with several failed uprising prompting a coup d'etat by the authoritarian Equalist faction and the establishment of a totalitarian one-party state that was isolated by its former allies. The Kirenian-Amathian split that followed led to Amathian attempts to establish a new, divergent socialist bloc, and the alliance with Champania evolved into the creation of the federal South Euclean People's Republic between the two nations. After an initial period of relative prosperity and progress, the SEPR faced instability, an economic crisis and increasing internal resistance. Despite recovering West Arciluco from Soravia, the Equalist regime was removed in Amathia by the Amathian Revolution, leading to the secession and the establishment of an independent democratic regime which oriented the country towards liberalization and modernization.

Today, Amathia maintains high literacy, life expectancy and education levels and is one of the most frequently visited countries in the region. The country is regionally and internationally renowned for its natural beauty and for the cultural heritage that it has inherited from its many historical civilizations, for its cuisine, sports, music, and architecture, while its cultural festivals are some of the largest and most prominent of their kind in Southeastern Euclea. Amathia has a relatively well-developed economy, but it has been affected like many other sectors of the state by a general political instability which has most often led to short-lived governments and constant snap elections.

The country is home to six regional, ethnographic groups or, officially, constituent groups, as specified in the constitution. Five of these groups belong to the family of the Western Solarian peoples, with the Argetians as the largest, followed by the Sorians, the Malvians, the Marisians and the Zirnarians. The sixth group, the Preidans, retain a much stronger Dytikan influence, being descended from the free Amathii federates that were resettled in the east by Arciluco. A native of Amathia, regardless of its regional group, is identified in Estmerish as an Amathian. The region of Amathia is culturally and religiously diverse and fragmented, and as such, Amathia is well known throughout Kylaris for its long record of religious and cultural tolerance, and for the extensive rights granted to its regional groups and other ethnic and religious minorities. The endeavor of the Amathian Government for equality has however led to various internal rivalries, and to many disagreements with the two largest religious bodies of the country, the Episemialist Church and the Amathian Rite Catholic Church.

Amathia is formed by six constituent republics, Argetia, Preida, Soria, Marisia, Zirnaria and Malvia, led from the central capital and the largest city of Arciluco. It has a bicameral legislature, and a six-member Presidency, composed of a member elected from each of Amathia's constituent republics. The Amathian Democratic Republic is a member of the Euclean Community, the Community of Nations, the ICD, the ITO and the GIFA.

Etymology

The exact origin of the country's name is still disputed, but it is known that the region of the present day has Amathia has been bearing this name from ancient times. Most historians and etymologists believe that the Solarian name for the region and for its people, the Amathii, was actually borrowed from the Piraeans, who were the first civilization to extensively write about them. It is unknown how the Amathii called themselves, as they left behind no written records, and as such, the Solarian name for the province resisted the test of time, being used for the region even after the fall of Solaria, even though most of the inhabitants of the region continued to call themselves Solarians up until the end of the Middle Ages.

While the identity and the name of the Amathians as a people had already developed, the name for Amathia as a country was only officially adopted in 1790, at the height of the early Amathian nationalism, which, in the face of disbelief about the Solarianity of the Amathians, sought to distance itself from the legacy of the old empire, long an object of discord among all Solarian peoples. Instead, Amathian nationalism focused on what made the Amathians unique. Their common descent from the Arcilucan realm, the Amathian languages, their religious traditions, and many others. The first Amathian entity to official bear this name was the Amathian Empyreal Republic, and the name was then maintained by the Kingdom of Amathia.

Linguists and historians consider that there are multiple possible meanings of the name "Amathia". The most often used explanation is tied to ancient Piraean philosophy, where the term amathia can be described as a willing ignorance, an unwillingness to learn, a purposeful disknowledge. It is believed that the ancient Piraeans would have chosen this peculiar name for the Amathii due to their religious customs. The Amathii were an advanced civilization, more than able to build cities and beautiful monuments, but as their ancient faith preached, the early Amathii only used stone to create temples and religious monuments. The early modern Amathian national movement dealt with this meaning by considering that the willing ignorance of the Amathian people in their times referred to their refusal to accept the Eastern Euclean concepts that sought to challenge their identity and their history.

There are of course, other more likely and less philosophic meanings of the name. The "amath-" particle can be understood as meaning sand, or dust, which could have been adopted as a name for the region by the early Piraean colonists who explored Amathia's coasts. An alternative explanation of the same meaning, but with an emphasis on dust, quotes an ancient text by a Piraean historian who seems to describe an ancient volcanic eruption somewhere in Amathia, which led to large amounts of ash covering the ground, possibly explaining the historical association of the region with volcanic ash and dust.

History

Main article: History of Amathia

Early history

Preidan monument

The archaeological discoveries throughout the modern territory of Amathia point towards the presence of modern humans in the region from at least 40,000 years ago. Various cultures existed on these territories from the early Neolithic, with many of those developing in coastal areas. Hyndo-Euclean people eventually migrated to the area and conquered the previous inhabitants,assimilating them and forming the people known as the Preidans. The dawn of recorded human history found the Preidans organized into countless tribes, with the Tirii, the Pocurii, the Aktakoi, and the Kalinoi as the strongest. These early Preidan groups left behind no written records, so most of the information that we have on them comes from the Piraean explorers and historians of the same era.

The Piraeans were the first to chart the coasts of today's Amathia, and they created various colonies and city-states on the coastline, interacting with the Preidan tribes, trading with them and sometimes coming into conflict with them. According to the Piraean historians, the Preidans, while barbarians, had a moderately advanced civilization for that period, with an organized system with priests, nobles, and kings, centered around temple-cities of stone and wooden settlements where the people lived. The Preidans and their religion had a sacred oral tradition and ideas of communion with the nature, so the Preidan tribes initially rejected contact with the Piraeans and their civilization, even going so far as to consider the Artiot writing system to be blasphemous, this rejection and hostility leading to occasion conflicts, but the Preidans never tried to destroy the Artiot colonies or to remove the colonists from the coastline, so through the centuries, contacts and relations between the two peoples increased.

This is when the name of "amathia" is first thought to have originated, with the Piraean using this philosophical term it to describe the natives and their refusal to understand and to adopt foreign civilization. From a Piraean perspective, the natives were better than other barbarians - but they refused to evolve, willingly choosing to remain as savages. It is thought that the various Preidan tribes, which lacked a common identity, slowly adopted the name of "Amathii" after prolonged contact with their southern neighbors, which also led to slow but profound changes in the native civilization. The Amathii-Preidan tribes adopted the Piraean alphabet and many foreign cultural customs. The distinction between the temple-cities of stone and the normal settlements was lost, replaced instead with the dava, a city-fortress that normally also contained a temple. The influence of Piraea was stronger in the south and weaker in the north, but it was the strongest influence that the region would see until the Solarian conquests.

Antiquity

Eventually, the tribal organization of the Amathii evolved into a system of alliances between various dava-states and those tribes that still refused to abandon their old ways. Various proto-states were born in the early Antiquity, as the more organized and advanced davae managed to impose their control over more territory. The most powerful davae where those near the mountainous regions, which had access to gold deposits and salt mines. From 700 to 600 BCE, those davae and their alliances managed to develop into small states and fully fledged kingdoms, beginning the era known as "the Age of the Kingdoms of Gold and Salt", the height of the Amathii-Preidan civilization.

Kingdoms of Gold and Salt

Golden coins of the Odomathian kings

The development of the first kingdoms and states in the region also led to a marked increase in trade and cultural exchanges with the Piraean city states. Some of the Amathii states, having evolved beyond their initial tribal origins, began to adopt and to adapt Piraean state institutions to their own purposes. These new kings sought their legitimacy in the religious protection of their gods and in political alliances with the priesthood, but the early Amathii institutions were weak and forced their kings to find their legitimacy through military victories and through plunder. This began an era of almost constant raids organised by the Amathii states, initially against the Piraeans, and later on against the Solarians and other nearby tribes. The raiding of the Piraean city states was not particularly profitable, due to their fortifications and extensive military forces, but many of these city states appreciated the martial qualities of their more barbaric warriors, leading to them being hired as mercenaries. The most important of the states was the Odomanthian kingdom, led by the eponymous tribe, which began to develop an organised military in the style of the Piraeans, and had the backing of the priestly caste of the Temple of Medeka, which might have been situated next to modern day Arciluco. Despite such progress however, the kingdom was never able to truly break the power of the tribes and it had a relatively unstable existence, with a weakened central authority and several civil wars.

Odomanthia became the main opponent of Lasithian expansionism in modern day Amathia, attempting several times to wage wars of conquest against the Piraean colonies on the coast, and allying itself with Aptera in the ill-fated Sitia War, which left it with a succession crisis and over two centuries of division between multiple Odomanthian successor states. The tribe of the Berza finally managed to reunify much of the original territory of the kingdom and temporarily managed to bring the coast under their royal rule by fighting in the War of the League of Maleme, but the successors of King Oroles found it difficult to retain control over the Piraese colonies against the forces of Prassos and other Piraese kingdoms. The conquest of most of Piraea by Solaria allowed the Odomanthians to finally and conclusively bring the coastline of modern Amathia under control, but the childless death of King Verzina brought with it the end of the Odomanthian kingdom as an organised entity, just as the first clashes between the Amathii and the Solarians were recorded. The Odomanthian realm was broken into several successor states, and most of them also subsequently experienced a weakening of centralised power, with several tribes rebelling and a continuation of inter-tribe rivalries and wars.

The League of the Serpent Wolf

The basorelief of a serpent wolf

The expansion of Solaria however had become a much larger threat than the Piraean states had ever been. Unlike the Piraean city states, which had an interest in protecting the coastal areas and their colonies there, and whose interest in conquering larger parts of Amathia was usually negligible, the more militaristic Solarians had already expanded across a considerable portion of Eastern Euclea. The unique relationship that the Amathii had with the Piraeans, including the raiding and the hiring of mercenaries, was permanently broken once the Solarians took control over the region. Raids into Solarian lands were not avoided with the payment of tribute, but were resisted military and punished with Solarian military raids into the Amathii kingdoms. These raids put an increased pressure on the entities and tribes that were closest to the border, and eventually several of them accepted to become clients of the Solarian state. Eventually, the kingdom of the Vraene organized a large raid into the Solarian Piraea, ransacking several cities, which forced the Solarian legions to organize a military expedition into Amathia proper. The Vraene were defeated in the Battle of Zarideva, and the Solarians subsequently ransacked the nearby temple, which was the second most important Amathii religious center after the Temple of Medeka. This act galvanized the priestly castes of Amathii, and turned the Solarians into enemies of their faith. Subsequently, the priests began to militate for an alliance or a league of the tribes and kingdoms and a general peace so that miltiary efforts could be directed towards the Solarians. Their religious influence, combined with the clear example of the destruction of the Vraene, led to the creation of the League of the Serpent Wolf, after its main symbol, also known as the Odomanthian League.

The tribes and realms that formed the new league quickly managed to impose their hegemony over much of modern day Amathia, as the tribes which resisted were overpowered. Leadership of the league was given to the Kroyvoi, one of the Piraean influenced kingdoms which also claimed descent from the ruling tribe of the Odomanthians and had traditionally been supporters of the Temple of Medeka. Under King Dotos, the League defeated a coalition of tribes to the west, potentially proto-Marolevs, although their exact identity has been a point of contention among historians, particularly since this battle and victory is only attested in Amathii monuments. With their western borders secured, the Amathii increased the frequency of their raids and became a dangerous enemy of the Solarians. The power of the league was slowly centralized, and the court of the Kroyvoi was now attracting enemies of Solaria and deserters from it. Solarian historians describe how the Amathii accepted the services of Piraean engineers, leading to a great development of their siege warfare. The Amathian conquest of the city of X, in the Solarian Carinthia, coincided with Solaria facing pressure from the Weranian tribes of the north, and resulted in the Solarians recognizing the kingship of the Kroyvoi. Local governors began to pay tribute in order to avoid raids or other campaigns, which secured the league's position.

Solarian Wars

Basorelief of a battle between the Amathii and the Solarians

• The Solarian Empire is finally able to focus its forces on dealing with the Odomantian League, which leads to four brutal conflicts. The first is a tentative Odomantian defeat, through which the League is forced to stop its policies of raiding and to act like a client state of Solaria. The second war, begun by the Amathii, ends with their victory, the annihilation of a Solarian army sent to fight them, and a raid that gets relatively close to threatening the home provinces of Solaria. In a good display of diplomacy, the war is ended through a treaty in which the League remains a client state in name, but no longer pays any tribute and is de facto independent. The third war is started by the Solarians to avenge their earlier defeat and to ensure the safety of Solaria and their Euclean provinces, it's the longest and bloodiest conflict and it ends with an Odomantian defeat. The League is forced to accept a humiliating treaty that includes the destruction of most of their fortifications. Despite accepting the treaty, the League immediately tries to break it and to make preparations for a new conflict, but the Solarians intervene in force and destroy the League, conquering its territories and directly annexing the Amathii homelands as the Solarian province of Amathia.

Solarian Amathia

Main article: Solarian Amathia

Middle Ages

Main article: Empire of Arciluco

Iconoclasm

Main article: Realm of Thorns (Amathia)

Early modern period

Main article: Unio Trium Nationum

Tresian era

Main article: Kingdom of Amathia

Civil War

Main article: Amathian Civil War

Councilist Period

Main article: Amathian Council Republic

Foundation and the Seven Years of Preparation

See also: Solarian War

The immediate end of the civil war led to a stabilization of councilist rule in western Amathia. The Soravian occupation forces, through a combination of pragmatism and of being spread thin across half of Euclea, continued to cooperate with the councilists, while maintaining their garrisons and their newly built military bases in major cities. Over the next few years, with mediation from the Community of Nations, the Soravians ceded civilian and administrative control over most of the Soravian Occupation Zone in Amathia to the Council Republic, which was also recognized by Kirenia. The initial refusal of the Etrurian occupation forces in the west to cooperate with any sort of civilian administration, their refusal to follow CoN directives and the rising tensions across Euclea facilitated the development of the Council Republic as the solely recognized Amathian state. From its capital in Acmonia, the Republic accepted the peace terms imposed by the Grand Alliance and ratified the Treaty of -, while also temporary agreeing to recognize its new borders with Tengaria and normalizing relations with Amathia's western neighbor. This led to its recognition by most of Eastern Euclea, with Etruria remaining the notable exception. Border clashes alongside the line of division in the middle of Amathia became common once forces of the Liberation Army were allowed by the Soravians to garrison some of the now border towns. Externally, the councilists rapidly submitted to Kirenian influence, while trying to balance demands from Harimisaareke with the practical reality of having to maintain good relations with the Soravians. The newly developed Amathian secret police, the Authority for the Protection of the Republic, cooperated with the Kirenians and began an extensive campaign of infiltration in eastern Amathia, funding rebel groups and promoting civil disobedience and resistance to Eturian attempts to strip the occupation zone of industrial resources and assets. Regular units of the Liberation Army intervened in Champania alongside Kirenian and East Miersan forces in support of the councilist faction there - with the Amathian forces using the pretext of the presence of Amurgist paramilitaries near the border.

Internally, wide-ranging councilist reforms were announced and organized, but their implementation proved to be difficult, something that increased the divisions among the factions of the Amathian Section, however, the leadership of Silvia Rutel managed several times to create compromises that all factions would find acceptable.

Amathian Liberation Army soldiers entering Arciluco

The rising threat of Etrurian militarism and of its National Solarian regime served as a unifying factor in the temporary Amathian capital, with the councils voting an emergency decree that gave the Amathian Liberation Army and the councils of its soldiers great emergency powers in order to combat any "threats to the free regime of the councils of workers and peasants". The modernization and enlargement of the Etrurian forces caused panic the western regions of Amathia, as the Council Republic was uncertain of whether the Soravians or Kirenians would fight in their defense if Etruria was to invade. With an impoverished economy, and limited options, the Amathians nevertheless directed their efforts towards military matters. The increasing international isolation of Etruria and the threat it represented allowed Amathia to renegotiate part of its war reparations towards Soravia, and to instead orient it towards acquiring Soravian military equipment. The political influence over the military was also somewhat lowered, leading to the reenlistment of former Royal Army veterans. The direct annexation of the Etrurian occupation zone in 1943 led to panic and riots, and to the mobilization of the Liberation Army just in time for the war - as the Etrurians invaded in December 1943.

Outnumbered and overwhelmed, the Amathians nevertheless opposed a stiff resistance to the Eturian advance, but most of western Amathia was occupied by November 1944. With the Etrurianization of Amathia beginning, and with mechanized and armored units of the Army retreating into Tengaria and Champania together with the Air Force, the core of the Liberation Army returned to its pre-civil war partisan activities, hiding in the forests and in the mountains or hiding among the civilian population in the cities, carrying out ambushes and reprisal attacks against the occupying forces and the collaborators. By April 1945, with the offensive of the Soravians, the Amathians launched a coordinated, mass uprising towards most of its cities, harassing the Etrurian forces and joining the offensive, with a breakthrough leading to the liberation of most of Amathia by late 1945. The AEA continued to take part in the war effort, advancing into Carinthia along the CN forces.

The end of the Solarian War was perceived as a second Amathian unification, and it granted the Council Republic a legitimacy and a popularity that would have unimaginable before the Great War. The atrocities of the civil war were forgotten, and despite the monarchy retaining a certain degree of popularity, the right wing and the historical parties were in disarray and could form no opposition. The Treaty of Ashcombe firmly established the independence and sovereignty of the Amathian Council Republic, and its borders with Etruria. The Soravians never fully withdrew from Amathia despite being mandated by the CN to do so, instead they continued to occupy and to directly administer West Arciluco for the next few decades, interfering in internal affairs and maintaining a tense relationship with the councilists. The army returned the executive power to the councils, but managed to obtained an amendment which continued to grant political powers to the councils of soldiers, which were from there on considered equal to the other councils of the country.

Silvia Rutel and other councilist officials in 1952

Ten Years of Progress

The period from 1946 to 1956 is known historically as "the Ten Years of Progress", as they were described in councilist history, or as the "Rutelian period", as Silvia Rutel returned to her position as the unofficial leader of the country and of the Amathian Section. A full and extensive implementation of councilist principles began, with Kirenian support and expertise. The early years of this period were marked by the so called "Rutelian directive", which attempted to steer the Council Republic away from the brutality of the civil war and to emphasize the "human nature" of councilism. Conditions in the prison for political prisoners were improved and most of them received pardons and the chance to prove their loyalty to the new councilist system, while others were allowed to go into exile. Censorship, while present, was mellow and targeted, and the actions of the secret police were limited. The concept of a council democracy was fully adopted, with the importation of the Kirenian system and a tiered model of councils, with the Great Assembly of the Republic standing as the highest council. The distinction between types of councils based on membership was slowly phased out, with the exception of the soldiers' councils, which continued to exist and to operate individually. Universal suffrage was adopted, and while so called "reactionaries" were banned from voting or being elected, Amathia experienced its first partial democratic elections in over a decade. People voted for individual candidates, and in theory political parties had no place in a councilist system, but the Amathian Section continued to exist as a parallel structure, and as the only legally recognized party due to its "leading role in the socialist reform and revolution". The Section had limited control over the councils however, as many of them operated autonomously and the party cadres were spread thin, while the leadership of the section relaxed its ideological dogma, leading to the development of multiple political factions that vied for influence throughout the councils. A three member collective secretariat remained in charge of the party, while Rutel announced her resignation from the Section in order to be chosen as the First Speaker of the Great Assembly.

Amathian factory, 1952

Banks and large business were nationalized, rationing was gradually removed, and social welfare programs were created and expanded. A comprehensive land reform was organized, and the estates of the former aristocracy were disbanded. Collectivization was not enforced, but encouraged and funded by the state in many areas. The modernization and expansion of the Amathian industry, which had suffered considerable damage during the wars was also a large objective, with heavy industry, energy production and the military industry being the Republic's main targets. Increased trade with other socialist states and the development of a friendly relationship with some of Eastern Euclea's nations helped the country's economy, which slowly recovered throughout the last few years of the 1940's. The decentralization of however started to create issues in a country that had been used to a strict and centralized power leading from Arciluco. The ability of the capital and of the Great Assembly to supervise what was going on slowly declined as local councils began to gain more and more powers. The inability of the cadres to maintain a strict party line also led to an increase in political confrontations throughout the country, with several of the factions becoming diametrically opposed, as they rushed to develop their own power bases. The vanguardist faction of the Equalists became increasingly dominant in this period due to its close relationship with both the upper ranks of the Liberation Army and with the secret police. A dogmatic and political fissure began to develop between the Equalists and the traditional leadership of the Section as the conciliatory Rutelian approach failed when it came to the secularization of the Amathian Episemialist Church. The councilists clashed with the Ecumenical Patriarch, who fled into exile in Piraea, and the entire affair turned into a scandal as the priests opposed resistance and tried to rouse their believers into supporting the Church. Clashes with the population and priestly opposition to the matter caught the Amathian Section by surprise and ended the policy of mutual toleration that had existed so far, bringing the first serious challenge to councilist rule. In a deeply religious country like Amathia, the Section had tried to implement a policy of cohabitation with the religious authority, which backfired spectacularly. Secularization was eventually enforced, but this polarized the population and the various factions of the Section. It reignited opposition to councilist rule, especially among those former reactionaries which had been freed during the past years. Within the Section and the councils, it emboldened the Equalists to speak against Rutel's rule, and to call for a stricter approach in the face of dissidents. The Equalists, with their strong support in the military councils, already had significant advantages compared to other factions with a weaker power base, and they continued to expand their influence, benefiting from the economical support of the developing military-industrial complex. The Equalists believed that the current policies of the Council Republic put its very existence into danger, and that the military had to step in and to play the role of a revolutionary vanguard in order to protect the Republic. Through their leader, Valentin Apostol, they also argued that the implementation of the Kirenian model in Amathia was a failure - and that each nation had to develop a different model of councilism in order to protect the establishment and evolution of socialism. This put them into a direct conflict with the "internationalists", the faction with direct Kirenian backing. In her last years of power, Rutel tried to balance the influence of the Equalists by backing the internationalists, and to that end she led negotiations with the Champanian Section about the creation of a South Euclean federation of council republics - with the potential for a later inclusion of Miersa and maybe even Kirenia, but the negotiations stalled. Silvia Rutel became increasingly sick, due to cancer, and eventually died in late 1956.

Repression and Reaction

See also: Thistle Uprising (Amathia)

Armored carrier of the Republic Protection Troops on the streets of Arciluco

The death of Rutel marked the end of any sort of control that the leadership of the Section had over its factions, as they became increasingly fragmented, all while the Equalists began to gain power, using a wide assortment of tactics in order to increase the number of their own loyalists in councils across the country and in the Great Assembly. Leading figures of opposition started to be arrested, and the Republic Protection Troops were rearmed and expanded. With Kirenian backing, some of the leading internationalist factions began to prepare a coup d'etat in order to save the Republic, but before their plans could be finalized, events in East Arciluco spiraled out of control. A regular protest against the continued Soravian occupation of West Arciluco erupted into riots after Soravian forces opened fire on the protesters. The attempt by the authorities to forcefully end the protests led to a full uprising beginning in East Arciluco. Having focused solely on their political opponents, the Equalists rapidly lost control of the capital, and the units around the capital, staffed by veterans of the Solarian War - led by former officers of the Royal Army, refused to open fire on the protesters and made common cause with them, defecting. This officially began the Thistle Uprising, the first serious challenge to councilist rule ever since 1946. Attempting to bring a quick end to the uprising, the Equalists in the city requested military assistance from the Soravian forces, and the Soravian Army, alongside the Protection Troops, violently suppressed the rebels, killing thousands of civilians. With the capital secured, the Equalist faction began a massive purge of the Liberation Army and suspended the 1937 Constitution, which forced the internationalists to launch their ill-fated Aster Coup, which also ended in their defeat. With their power secured, the Equalists, led by Valentin Apostol, used the uprising as the coup as the justification for implementing Equalist policies and for military rule. With a rigged referendum, they massively reorganized the state, limited the power of the councils, further increased the power of the Great Assembly and declared the establishment of the Amathian Equalist Republic, with the stated objective of protecting the revolution until the final victory of socialism.

First Equalist period

The Apostol regime and internal reforms

Main article: Amathian Equalist Republic

See also: Valentin Apostol

Valentin Apostol's speech during the meeting of the Internationale

The Equalist regime quickly solidified its control, maintaining and enshrining the emergency powers of the Amathian Liberation Army and of the Authority for the Protection of the Republic, with the aim of "protecting the revolutionary and democratic achivements of the Amathian people against internal and external enemies alike". The arrests increased, and the prison system was expanded alongside an increased use of labor camps. Censorship was amplified, and the Authority quickly expanded its network of informants and created the basis of a surveillance state in order to stamp out all dissent. Several ringleaders of both the Thistle Uprising and the Aster Coup were executed while others were exiled, and the new government sought to quickly reach an agreement with the country's intellectuals, earning their support in exchange for recognition and benefits from the state. Control of religion was also sought, continuing the policies of state atheism promoted by the Council Republic but organizing repressions against any religious organizations which had so far maintained a political neutrality in exchange for autonomy. The Catholic and the Uniate Churches were essentially banned, while a new "Amathian Episemialist Church" was promoted as an alternative structure to the Ecumenical Patriarch, which had remained in exile in Piraea. Priests and churches were allowed to continue their activity as long as they praised the regime and advised the population to support it, which was necessary in a country which still had a considerable rural population with deeply conservative religious views.

Politically, all other factions within the Amathian Section of the Workers' Internationale were banned, and the Equalist leadership prepared its ideological challenge of Kirenian-style councilism. Relations between Kirenia and Amathia had almost completely broken down following the Aster Coup, and Kirenian figures began to attack the Equalist regime in speeches, particularly pointing out their human rights abuses. Amathia responded in the next plenary meeting of the Congress of the Workers' International with what would become known as the "Proposals of Equalism". In a speech in front of the other delegates, the First Secretary of the Amathian Section, Valentin Apostol, launched a scathing attack on Kirenia and on its perceived unofficial leadership of the socialist world, accusing it of trying to interfere in Amathia's internal affairs by supporting the internationalists, and following with a proposed set of Equalist principles that Apostol believed should be adopted by the InterCon. The subsequent arguments between the various delegates ended with the Amathian delegation leaving the meeting and subsequently abandoning the Workers' International, with the Amathian Section being disbanded and replaced with the League of Equalist Unity as the sole legal political organization in the country. Membership was essentially mandatory for all those occupying important positions or jobs, from officers in the army, to teachers, doctors or government workers. Those who refused to join the party were often ostracized and limited in their education and in their professional life. Within the party however, the regime imposed a strict hierarchy and requirements for becoming a party cadre and rising through the ranks, attempting to limit higher rank membership to only true support of the Equalist ideology.

Equalist propaganda

While the new regime maintained the hierarchy of councils, all decentralization of power was stopped. Each council was unofficially mandated to include at least one member of the League of Equalist Unity who would serve as an advisor and who ensured that the council voted along the party line, with those council that would refuse to vote differently being suspected of counterrevolutionary behavior. The rights of individual councils were progressively limited until when with the exception of the military councils, a majority of councils in the country remained with a purely symbolic authority, only rubber-stamping the directives of the party. Even the councils of the main syndicates and workers' unions in the country were brought under control, with the military being sent to brutally break the strike of the miners in early 1959. The role of the Great Assembly of the Republic as the highest council was strengthened, being granted legislative supremacy, and the previous imperative mandate was de facto blocked, as recall elections could only take place with the agreement of the party councils, something that happened very rarely. The right of local councils to approve candidates for the Great Assembly was also hindered, as candidate lists had to be approved by the party in order to root out "suspected counterrevolutionary infiltration", leading to a situation where candidate lists were pre-approved by the League of Equalist Unity. Attempts to maintain the image of the Great Assembly as a grand council of popular consensus continued, with specific percentages of seats being reserved for representatives of the peasants, workers and intellectuals, but the percentage of seats reserved for the military was increased.

Significant authority was also granted to the All-League Council of Equalism, and a new administrative body was founded to serve as the de facto government of the country, the State Council, with Valentin Apostol serving as its Premier. Centralized control reached every section of life and of the state. All youth organizations were centralized in the Sentinel of the Revolution, programs of propaganda were put in place, and a new paramilitary organization, the Liberation Guards, was organized in order to deter a perceived military threat from Eturia or from Kirenia. Economically, the new regime maintained the collective and communal ownership of businesses, but but the largest industries were reorganized under the public ownership of the state. Economic planning was however centralized, with the establishment of the Council for Economic Development and Progress with established the "Guidelines for the Economic Development of the Amathian Equalist Republic", which established the yearly targets and objectives of the national economy.

Foreign affairs and a new Equalist outreach

Externally, the country made great efforts to avoid being isolated on the international stage following what started to be known as the Kirenian-Amathian Split. Most Coian socialist states, particularly Dezevau, did not take a position in the ideological debate and maintained good relations with Amathia, leading to the AER regaining its position as a sponsor in the Association of Emerging Socialist Economies. The collapse of Amathian-Kirenian relations initiated improvsed relations with other Equalist-leaning states like Champania, and with Tretyakist states like Chistovodia. While it was unable to match Kirenia in sheer economic or military aid, Amathia wished to position itself as a leading socialist power and hoped to inspire the developing socialist countries and the various socialist rebel groups of world to shift towards Equalism. In a process which would last for decades, Amathia increased its trade with socialist countries outside of Euclea, sent economic and military advisors abroad, attempted to support socialist regimes in countries like Hacyinia, and organized small programs of economic development. At the same time, the country began accepting foreign students from other socialist regimes in its universities, and tried to attract foreign immigrant workers, enjoying particular success among the Dezevauni, which formed a small but thriving minority in Amathia. Military support for socialist rebellions was mainly given closer to home, as the bad relations between Amathia and Etruria translated into Equalist support for the far-left nationalist and separatist movements in Carinthia and Novalia, with the Novalian People’s Liberation Front, the Combatant Front for Carinthian Liberation and Miruvian organizations all receiving equipment, advisors and financial support from Amathia, while also being granted bases in the country next to the Etrurian border.

A major foreign policy shift however was the rapprochement of Amathian-Soravian relations. The Equalist Republic continued to publicly claim West Arciluco and to request its return to Amathia at least once every year, but Soravia sought to take advantage of the Kirenian-Amathian Split, and Amathia was searching for support for its three main internal objectives: independence in terms of energy production, military expansion and a continued industrialization. The Arciluco-born leader of Soravia, Gabriel Tozulyak, reached a series of agreements with the Equalist leadership of Amathia, which started over a decade of massive Soravian investments in the country. Work began on the first nuclear reactor in Amathia alongside the development of an Amathian civilian nuclear program, the Amathian Liberation Army began to acquire Soravian equipment, and an ambitious continuation of the industrial development of the country was put in place. With the continued presence of Soravian forces in West Arciluco serving as a deterrent for any foreign invasions or for the potential of another Kirenian-led coup attempt.

The major foreign policy success of Amathia in this period was the resuming of the talks between Amathia and Champania regarding a potential unification. Talks had already been initiated in the mid-1950's between the Amathian and Champanian Sections of the Workers' Internationale, as part of a larger notion of creating a Central Euclean People's Republic with the addition of East Miersa. Negotiations were suspended following the internal strife suffered by Amathia, but after the ascension of the Equalist regime in East Arciluco and an Equalist coup in Champania, talks resumed and advanced quickly. An agreement was reached in 1961, with a Proclamation of Unity, and the plans were approved by a majority vote in the Great Assembly. Mirroring the actions in Champania, the Amathian Equalist Republic was symbolically dissolved, and the constituent states of Amathia entered a political union with Orange and Bregalia, creating the South Euclean People's Republic.

Second Equalist period

Main article: South Euclean People's Republic

Couderç and Apostol signing the new constitution of the SEPR

The initial formation of the South Euclean People's Republic was initially well-received by most circles of the Amathian society. Opposition to the project for reasons of nationalism could not be made public, and within Equalist circles, the formation of the new state was viewed as a big achivement. Power in the new state was divided, with the former Premier of Champania, Bastitou Courderç, becoming the General Secretary of the new All-Euclean League of Equalists, while Valentin Apostol became the new Premier of the country, while stepping down from his position as First Secretary of the League of Equalist Unity, which was now divided between federal organizations of the new party in the Amathian republics. Attention was placed on ensuring both Champanian and Amathian participation into the government, and a policy of rotation of cadres was implemented, which involved the sending of party cadres throughout the country, particularly from the Amathian republics to the Champanian republics and vice-versa, in order to promote unity, integration, and cooperation. While power was often thought to be in the hands of Couderç, in practice leadership was collective and decisions were taken through consensus. Great changes were made from Amathia's earlier political system. A ten-member presidency was created, which included the General-Secretary, and the former State Council of Amathia was replaced with a Presidium, of 14 to 18 members. The Great Assembly of Amathia and the National Congress of Champania became the All-Euclean Federal Congress, a new bicameral legislative body. The upper house of the Council of the Republics represented the constituent republics of the SEPR, while the Council of Nationalities was elected in the entire country while respecting the ethnic proportions of the state, an important point of early Equalist thought which believed that nationalities did not need to be destroyed by socialism. The great power accumulated by the Great Assembly of Amathia however was quickly removed, as the new legislative body was de facto placed firmly below the Central Committee of the All-Euclean League of Equalists.

The unification was followed by a surprising period of economic development and prosperity, which combined with policies aimed at improving the living standard of citizens led to a period of popularity and civil relaxation, particularly in Amathia which had experienced a very turbulent decade. Although trade relations with other Euclean socialist states were not stopped, the new country made great efforts to continue to develop its trade relations with socialist states abroad, and its new policies of hostility against Kirenia led to a certain detente with the countries of Eastern Euclea, and the opening of trade relations. The collective management by the workers of state-owned enterprises continued, but a marked increase in state oversight continued, particularly in order to ensure the accomplishment of the two main objectives that Amathian Equalists continued to focus on, industrialization and energy independence. The cooperation with Soravia became even stronger despite a certain opposition from the Champanian members of the All-Euclean League of Equalists, as the results of this policy began to be seen in the development of new industrial complexes and particularly in the successful creation of the first RMBK-type reactor in the SEPR. Fourteen more reactors followed, leading to significant nuclear energy capabilities which further supported the policies of industrialization and urbanization. Successful trade deals with Coian socialist states which ensured that nuclear fuel could be acquired from several different sources led to Couderç and Apostol officially proclaiming that energy autarky had been obtained.

Construction of an RBMK nuclear power plant

A large part of this economic prosperity was directed towards expanding the nation's military forces. The South Euclean People's Liberation Army was expanded with the stated goal of providing a counterbalance for the forces of Kirenia in Euclea, even if the danger of a military conflict between the two socialist states was very low. More serious tensions existed between the SEPR and the military government of Etruria, with Amathia-Champania opposing and protesting the seizing of Tarpeia from Piraea by an Eturian military operation, which heightened the fears in East Arciluco about the possibility of a serious military conflict. Etrurophobia was already widespread throughout the Amathian constituent republics, and the new federal government continued to support and to work with the far-left insurgencies in Etruria. Tensions were extremely high between the two countries in this period, which culminated with border skirmishes due to accusations that the SEPR was hosting separatist camps on its territory. Despite a mobilization of the Liberation Army, a Community of Nations sponsored diplomatic meeting stopped any further action, but anti-Etrurian propaganda continued to be heavily used even after the defeat of the separatist movements, as the SEPR had to deal with an influx of Miruvian, Carinthian and Novalian refugees. The possibility of an Euclean conflict was a very important factor in the decision of the Presidium to approve the X Program, in order to develop nuclear weapons with Chistovodian support. The project made use of nuclear reactors to create plutonium, and it even acquired nuclear bomb and rocket technologies from Chistovodia, but the exact progress of the X Program is unknown to historians today since the sites associated with the Program were all damaged or destroyed in the final year of the SEPR, and archives were either destroyed or hidden in Champania, but it is certain that the SEPR never actually tested a nuclear weapon, so the widespread consensus among researchers is that the Program never actually managed to complete a nuclear bomb.

Tensions however nonetheless continued to persist, particularly in the higher ranks of the All-Euclean League of Equalists. Two separate factions were formed in the Presidium, one around Apostol and one around Courderç. The Apostol faction considered that the Champanians were to easily influenced by Chistovodia, while the Champanian faction repeteadly accused Valentin Apostol and his closest political allies of being pawns of Soravia. This internal political conflict erupted into a meeting of the Presidium in August 1971, which voted to remove Apostol from the position of Premier. Now disgraced, Apostol was rotated into positions of lesser importance, being sent as an ambasssador in various countries of Asteria Interior, while Courderç cemented his control. The following years were marked by an emphasised cult of personality directed at Courderç And at attempts to further unite the two sides of the ruling political party. Although initially successful, these policies merely moved any discontent into the underground, where it continued to fester, particularly among leading Amathian cadres.

Amathian revolutionaries in the city of Cedonia

The centralisation of political power under the first General Secretary stabilised the country, but created insurmountable issues which could no longer be avoided once Bastitou Courderç died in 1976. The All-Euclean League of Equalists failed to select a new General Secretary in several close votes in the Presidium, and the position was held on an ad interim basis, rotating every year between an Amathian and a Champanian. This new system was however unable to deal with the increasing economic, political, and social issues experimented by the country. The deteriorating situation in Soravia, issues in the relationship with Chistovodia and decreased trade with both East Euclea and Coius all aggravated the situation, while the government failed to organise any reforms. 1979 was a brief moment of respite for the beleaguered Equalists regime, as the collapsing regime of Soravia wished to withdraw its forces from the occupied West Arciluco, and signed the Arciluco Accords with the SEPR. The recovery of the western part of the former Amathian capital city was celebrated as a great victory by the regime, but the practical withdrawal of the Soravian occupation forces ended with victims, as civilian protesters attempted to assault Soravian forces, which fired back. Subsequently, the SEPR forces which moved into West Arciluco had great difficulties in pacifying it. The city had become a hotspot of anti-Equalist activity and a safe haven for many opponents of the regime. The beginning of the 1980 economic crisis led to violent unrest in most major cities but particularly in West Arciluco, which the government proved unable to deal with, in part due to the refusal of units of the South Euclean People’s Liberation Army to open fire on protesters. After violent clashes with the Protection Troops of the Authority to Protect the Republic, a mass uprising was organised in Arciluco, which quickly evolved into a revolution. An agreement between opposition forces from West Arciluco and reformist Equalists in East Arciluco under Valentin Apostol signed the Democratization Accords and proclaimed the Front for the Democratic Reform as the new, legitimate government of an independent Amathia, hereby seceding from the SEPR. Amathian units of the military began to desert over to the new regime, while the Equalist government, Amathian loyalists in the party and the military and various other refugees relocated to the new capital of Brigançon. The official proclamation of the Amathian Democratic Republic marked Amathia’s official secession from the SEPR and the end of the Equalist regime in Amathia.

Contemporary period

See also: Amathia

Politics

Main articles: Politics of Amathia and Political divisions of Amathia

Amathia is a a federal semi-presidential directorial republic, organized by the provisions of the Constitution of the Amathian Democratic Republic.

Constituent Republics

In terms of political structuring, Amathia is using a federal system, and it is formed by six constituent republics: the Republic of Odrisia, the Republic of Preida, the Republic of Soria, the Republic of Tiria, the Republic of Tribaria and the Republic of Pocuria. These republics are known as the Republics of Amathia. Each republic has its own state constitution, and is largely autonomous in regards to its internal organization. The federal system was created in order to better deal with the cultural and religious fragmentation of the country, and in order to facilitate the equality and the rights of all the cultural and religious groups of Amathia.

Name	Capital	Flag	Coat of Arms	Location
Republic of Argetia	Sedonia			Template:SFRY map
Republic of Preida	Acmonia
Republic of Soria	Corona
Republic of Marisia	Tirida
Republic of Zirnaria	Oescia
Republic of Malvia	Cutria

Governance

The Executive Branch

The Amathian Democratic Republic is led by a six-member body which is collectively known as the Presidency of Amathia. According to the Constitution of Amathia, each of its six constituent republics has to elect a member for the Presidency once every five years. Each member of the Presidency can be chosen for a maximum of two terms. One of the members randomly becomes the chairperson unless he or she was the incumbent chairperson at the time of the election, but the chairmanship rotates every eight months, to ensure equality. The Presidency collectively serves as the head of state of Amathia, charged with safeguarding the constitution, foreign affairs, and the proper functioning of public authority. The Chairperson of the Presidency acts as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and as the Chairperson of the Supreme Council of National Defense. According to the constitution, the Presidency acts as a mediator among the state's power centers and between the state and society. The Presidency collectively nominates the prime minister after consultation with the party holding an absolute majority in Senate or, if there is no such majority, with all the parties in Senate.

Once nominated, the Prime Minister must pass a vote of confidence in the Senate.

Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of Amathia

Widely considered to be a middle power, Amathia has managed ever since the establishment of the Democratic Republic to overcome the stringent diplomatic isolation that had been caused by the Equalist Regime in its final decade of existence. Diplomacy has been one of the main areas of focus of the governments ever since the reintroduction of a democratic regime, and the country maintains a foreign policy that while being aligned with that of its allies, nevertheless maintains independent relations with other countries and power blocs throughout the world.

As a member of the Euclean Community, Amathia is generally aligned with the common EC foreign policy, and has enjoyed a very good relation with most EC members ever since the Amathian Revolution and the subsequent help that was received by the young republic from the Community. Amathia has maintained a strong pro-EC position ever since it gained the status of an associate state in 1985, and has attempted to use its influence and position in order to support other countries in Central and Southern Euclea on their paths for membership, like Piraea. Among the other members of the Community, Gaullica is considered to be Amathia's closest ally, with Gaullican help immediately after the Revolution having led to a reestablishment of the old Amathian-Gaullican special relation that had existed prior to the Great War. Good relations were also established with Caldia, due to it having hosted important groups of Amathian exiles throughout the latter half of the 20th century, including the Amathian royal family. Influenced by Euclean politics, Amathia has also tried to improve its relations with the smaller members of the Community, portraying itself as an alternative to the EC's "Big Three", and supporting proposals that would award more influence to smaller states in the Euclean Parliament.

The establishment of a pro-Eastern position has however not alienated Amathia from the wider socialist world. With an already existing basis in the efforts of reconciliation made by the Equalist Republic in its final year of existence, the country has maintained or developed good relations with several socialist states. Good relations were maintained with its northern neighbor, Champania, due to Amathia's support for its reforms, culminating with a friendship treaty signed in 1983. Good relations were also promoted with Dezevau especially with the help of the Dezevauni community in Amathia, and relations with Kirenia have been noticeably improved, with the ideological divide that led to the Kirenian-Amathian Split no longer present.

Relations with Western Euclea were however more complicated, mostly due to the large divide in sentiments towards Soravia that exist within Amathia. In the decade following the reestablishment of democracy, the country nearly made a bid to join Samorspi several times, but the level of support for such a move in the wider Amathian society was never enough so as to guarantee its success, and as Amathia became an associated state of the Euclean Community, a pro-Samorspi orientation was no longer possible. Despite that, several Amathian governments throughout the last few decades have attempted to bring the country closer to Soravia, and this has at the very least led to a normalization of the relations that had broken due to the division of Arciluco. Amathia's relations with its neighbor in Tengaria were also notably improved, especially through the mediation of the Ecumenical Patriarch, and the religious and cultural connections to the West have remained an important item on Arciluco's agenda.

Amathia's position has as such led to several situations in which it served as an intermediary between the various blocs on the continent, most importantly when it mediated the ceasefire that led to the end of the Lemovician War through the Arciluco Agreement.

Amathia is a member of the Community of Nations and member in many other notable international associations, like the International Council for Democracy, the Atomic Energy Commission, the Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs and the International Trade Organization. Culturally, it is also a founding member of the Association of Solarian Nations and the Association of Gaullophone States.

Military

Main article: Amathian Armed Forces

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Political divisions

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Political parties

Main article: List of political parties in Amathia

Geography

Topography

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Climate

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Biodiversity

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Economy

Agriculture

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Energy

Main article: Energy in Amathia

Sedonia Nuclear Power Plant

Amathia is a transit country for the transportation of energy resources between Eastern and Western Euclea, and benefits from a well developed if slightly older energy infrastructure, mostly developed through the successive Five Year Plans of the regimes that led the country until 1980. The primary source of electricity production in Amathia is nuclear, generated by its large complex of nuclear power plants. The origins of the country's civilian nuclear program lie in the deteriorating relations with the rest of Euclea after the establishment of the Equalist regime, which prompted plans for energy self-sufficiency. The Equalist Republic embarked on a major program of nuclear development with Soravian support in order to ensure that self-sufficiency, which continued following the establishment of the South Euclean People's Republic. With significant investments by both states, this joint program led to the construction of 15 reactors in the country until in 1980, most of which are Generation II RBMK/RCMP reactors. Although hailed the greatest achivement of the Equalist regime, the focus on nuclear power has become a major issue for the country, as other sources of energy generation were neglected in comparison. Even in the present, 62,8% of all energy production in Amathia is nuclear in nature, and this has become increasingly problematic due to the state of the country's reactors. Most of them are in dire need of modernisation and have required constant upgrades over the years in order to deal with the various flaws of the RBMK reactor type. Various programs aimed at modernizing the reactors have so far failed due to political or economical reasons, while the last attempt, a plan with a majority of funds coming from the Euclean Community, was frustrated by the massive Amatom corruption scandal. Attempts to replace some of the reactors entirely with newer reactors based on modern, East Euclean designs have also faced similar difficulties.

Cutria National Refinery

The last decades have however been marked by attempts to decrease the country's reliance on nuclear power, through diversification attempts by investments into coal and hydroelectric power. Since Amathia hosts one of the main pipelines through which Soravian gas transits towards the east of the continent, several governments have explored the suggestion to increase the usage of Soravian gas in energy production temporarily, either as part of a large modernization program which would require the shutting down of many of the reactors, or as part of a phasing out of said nuclear reactors, in order to facilitate a transition to green and renewable energy sources. While theoretical plans for a larger transition towards renewable energy have been organised in line with larger EC directives, Amathia continues to heavily lag behind other Euclean countries in such aspects, and no Amathian government as of yet has seriously committed to studying the feasibility of such a change.

From a petrochemical perspective, Amathia is an oil and gas producing country, with a production of 514,526 bbl of oil per day, but which is not enough in order to cover its own domestic demand, resulting in a need to import it, mostly from Soravia. Amathia plays an important role in the transit of pipelines between Western and Southeastern Euclea, but political influences have led to attempts to limit the country's oil and gas dependency on foreign countries and to reorient its import demands towards the EC. As a legacy of its past larger production, the country retains a higher refining capability than its domestic production, and as such the development of petrochemical products from imported materials has been developing as an industry in the past decade.

The generation and distribution of electricity in Amathia is mostly under the control of state-owned enteprises, a legacy of its Equalist past, among them Amatom, responsible for nuclear power, Hidroelectricam, for hydroelectric power, and Amelectrica in charge of the electric grid, while Petram is the state owned oil company.

Infrastructure

Main article: Transport in Amathia

Due to its strategic position at the traditional junction between Eastern and Central Euclea, Amathia has consistently been an important transit country and transport for goods and people. Especially due to the massive infrastructure investments of the Equalist regime, the country benefits from a well developed if somewhat aging road network, that connects most rural areas to urban centers and the urban centers to the capital of Arciluco, up to an estimated 441,145 km of public roads.

Amathian electric locomotive

Another problem is that most of these roads are single carriageways, which has consistently been proved to be insufficient, and are not properly organized around urban centers, leading to significant traffic disruption in high traffic hours. The road system is however very well organized, ranging from national roads that connect the country's largest cities, to simple local roads between small villages. Only around half of these roads have been modernized in accordance to EC standards however, which has led to some decay among less circulated segments. The declining quality and maintenance of these roads has led to Amathia receiving EC funds for its Central Reconstruction Program for Road Infrastructure, but funding problems have been present from the start, with successive governments instead prefering to invest more money into the country's developing highway and motorway system. While a limited system existed during the Equalist times, the most important highways were build in the 1990's and 2000's, and are mostly oriented towards connecting the capital and the important port cities to the EC and other Eastern Euclean countries. An important network has as such developed, and Amathia benefits from 3900 km of such highways in use, with further development being planned especially in the country's western and southwestern regions.

Amathian EucloCity high-speed train

Amathia also owns the fourth largest railway network in Euclea, at 17.845 km, owned and managed by the national and state-owned Central Railway Company, known for short as CFA, which is by itself divided into several autonomous companies, CFA Călători for passenger trains, CFA Marfă, for the transport of goods and freight, CFA Infrastructură, in charge of maintaining the railway infrastructure, and CFA Turism, responsible for special tourist lines. The company has been operating with loses ever since its inception, but its financial status has somewhat improved following a restructuring in 2008 and 2010. CFA is a public company but it is owned by the state, which also owns the entire railway network directly.

Despite repeated modernization attempts however, only the sections between the largest cities are considered to be up to standards, with a relatively large percentage of the total railways being inadequately connected and having to deal with voltage issues or a lack of electrification. This has contributed to a large decrease in passenger numbers in the last two decades, which has in turn exacerbated the problem, leading to a marked decay of the quality of the railway lines in rural areas especially. Old equipment also continues to be plagued with issues, despite a switch to electrical locomotives in some areas of the country. A partial privation of some areas has however been highly successful, leading to private operators such as Regiotransam developing their services in areas which the state-owned operator can not adequately cover. The biggest success of the Amathian railway system of the past decades has been the development of the high-speed Intercity and Euclocity railways, which connect Arciluco to Gaullica and to the EC highspeed railway system beyond. Plans to extend the highspeed railway to connect major Amathian cities, and the existence of a potential Arciluco-Lenovo or Arciluco-Povelia lines have been discussed and the former is in an advanced state of negotiations for a cooperative project.

Air travel is somewhat less developed in comparison to other means of travel, but Amathia has 16 international airports on its territory, and its main cities are relatively well connected to other Euclean destinations. The largest is the Arciluco International Airport "Cyriacus the Elder", and Cluzia and Acmonia have significant such airports also. All air traffic in Amathia is under the supervision of the Central Amathian Civil Aeronautical Authority. Amathia's flag carrier is the Central Company of Amathian Air Transports "TAAM", which is a state-owned enterprise, but it has been steadily losing market share to Euclean low cost carriers in the past decade.

Amathia's extensive internet and communications network was mostly built after 1980, especially in the 1990's and the early 2000's, since such investments would have been impossible under the Equalist regime. Ever since the revolution and liberalization, the Amathian internet usage has skyrocketed, and the development of an entirely new network infrastructure in those decades combined with healthy competition has resulted in Amathia having one of the best internet networks in Euclea and in the world, with unmetered high speeds, low cost, and a good broadband penetration, with extensive use of optical fiber cables. Amtelecom is the state-owned telecommunications company, but it has remained somewhat behind private offerings, with such companies controlling most of the market share, often time in agreement with thousands of micro-ISP's which lease their services through those larger companies.

Science and technology

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Space exploration

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Water supply and sanitation

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Demographics

Ethnic groups

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Language

Main article: Languages of Amathia

See also: Western Solarianity and Amathian linguistic debate

Languages of Amathia
Language/Dialect			Percentage
Argetian			20.5%
Sorian			18%
Malvian			14%
Zirnian			13%
Marisian			12.5%
Preidan			6.4%
Serbian			6.1%
Piraean			4.5%
Other			5%

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Religion

Religion in Amathia

  Episemialist Church (56%)

  Amathian Rite Catholic (19%)

  Solarian Catholicism (7%)

  No religion (14%)

  Other (4%)

From a religious perspective, Amathia has an Episemialist majority, but also a divided religious minority that has been profoundly marked by the various historical events which influenced the country and the faith of its people. Officially, Amathia is a secular country, but the Episemialist Church is recognized by the Constitution as the "primary national religion" of the Amathian people, in one of the most controversial amendaments to the constitution, while the Amathian-rite Catholic Church has its regional religious role recognized in the Republic of Soria. Amathia has a long history of both religious conflicts and of religious tolerance, with the Edict of Cluzia in 1565 being one of the first Euclean edicts of religious tolerance ever proclaimed. Other important branches of Sotirianity, like Amendism, are reognized but have a very small presence in the country, while Neo-Amendist groups and their active missionary efforts are legally protected, but looked down upon by a large segment of the population. Badi and other Coian religions have a small presence as well, mostly among groups of Coian immigrants, and the pagan revival movement known as the Faith of the Sixteen gained the right to be officially recognized as a religion after a favorable decision by the High Court of Justice and Cassation.

The Episemialist Church is considered to be the first Sotirian Church in Amathia, being historically founded by Apostle Andrew, who stopped in Arciluco and named the first Archbishop there, before leaving on a missionary mission to the Marolevs, according to tradition. The province of Amathia developed an important Sotirian population during the final period of the Solarian Empire, as many prominent Sotirian figures were exiled in and around the province from Solaria itself. Sotirianity was then chosen as the official faith of the rump state of Arciluco by Cyriacus the Elder, but not before a final struggle between pagans and Sotirians which led to the martyrdom of Saint Aurea and the creation of the Grapevine Cross, which quickly became an important Sotirian symbol and relic. The new Empire of Arciluco then played an important role in the spreading and development of the faith, being responsible for organizing the missionary missions which converted the Tengars and many of the Marolevs, while scholars from the Arcilucan schools developed the Apisinthian and Cyrillic alphabets. Because of this, Arciluco was often considered to be the spiritual leader of the Western Euclean churches, and took a leadership role in the many theological disputes which led to the Episemialist rejection of papal authority. Through its theological schools, the city was at the forefront of Euclean religious debate, and was one of the places where the Iconoclast theology developed. While heavily marked by the Iconoclast Wars and the Realm of Thorns, the region returned to being mainly Episemialist following the end of the wars. This period however marked the beginning of the decline of Arciluco's religious authority, with its position being disputed by Tengaria and later Soravia.

Ecumenical Patriarch Alexander VIII

Episemialism is considered by many Amathian nationalists to be at the core of the Amathian identity, with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Arciluco having traditionally been considered to be the center of Episemialism, even if its religious authority has been fractured throughout the ages. The segment of the population that belongs to the Episemialist Church is also the most actively religious, enjoying the highest rates of regular church attendance. Episemialist religious activity in Amathia is organized under the Metropolitanate of Amathia, which is an autonomous church under Arciluco. Through the Patriarch's position as Archbishop of Arciluco, the Ecumenical Patriarchate is as such often considered to be the primary Amathian church, even if its jurisdiction also extents over Piraea and the Miruvians. Due to its important role in Amathian history, the Episemialist Church has sometimes been accused of being favored by the state, as the clergy's salaries and pensions are partially paid for by the state, but the exact relation between the church and the state often depends on the exact political situation.

Due to the historical influence of the Verliquois Empire and of Gaullica, Catholicism has had a significant role in Amathia's eastern provinces. While Catholicism by itself lost a lot of ground and was nearly exterminated during the Iconoclast Wars, a portion of the orthodox Episemialists in the region of Soria, rejecting the Iconoclast authority at the time, entered into a pact with the Solarian Catholic Church, forming the Amathian Church United with Solaria, also known as the Amathian-rite Catholic Church. They recognized the authority of the Pope and conceded several theological points, but continued to use the Amathian-rite, while forming a sui iuris church in full union with the larger Solarian Catholic Church, being one of the first Western Catholic Churches to be created. Ever since, the Amathian Catholic Church, as it is also sometimes known, has played an important role in the regional identity of Soria, and was sometimes favored by Amathian monarchs, but it was often remained at odds with the Episemialists, due to the Episemialist Church viewing their allegiance as treason. This has led to many religious conflicts between the two groups, the latest being fought during the final years of the Great War, but especially in the latest decades, important steps have been taken in order to achieve reconciliation. Most Amathian Catholics belong to this Church, while a small directly Catholic minority mostly exists due to Eastern Euclean immigrant groups.

Irreligion played almost no role in Amathia during most of its history, as it was against the promotion of Episemialism and an ethnoreligious identity by the state. While some Amathian scholars and philosophers worked with such concepts, especially during the Age of Enlightenment, irreligion was shunned by Amathian society until the development of new political ideologies during the late 19th century. After the end of the Great War, the Councilist and later Equalist regimes actively promoted a policy of state atheism. While the continued existence of the Episemialist Church was permitted, it was placed under the control of the government and heavily monitored, while an active participation in the religious life was discouraged. The state controlled education greatly promoted irreligion in all its forms, while numerous propaganda campaigns against the concept of religion were regularly organized. The Amathian-rite Catholic Church was forcefully disbanded due to its perceived ties to Etruria and Gaullica, and a heavy stigma was placed upon the Episemialists, while their church was purged of Soravian and Tengarian influences, especially during the Equalist regime. This has led to the creation of a significant irreligious minority that continued to exist even after the fall of Equalism. There is however a rather stark contrast between it and the rest of the population, as the irreligious Amathians are mostly clustered in the large cities, while the rural areas are still overwhelmingly heavily religious. Political affiliation and education also have an important effect.

The exact numbers are however disputed. Irreligion still carries a great stigma with it, and as such, it is believed that many people simply mark themselves as religious during censuses due to pressure from the family and the society. Such pressure also influence the number of actively religious people, as the number of those who regularly go to church are also debated, with some regions being more religious than others. Arciluco, as the center of the country, is also often given as a clear example of this division. West Arciluco, due to its many years of Soravian rule and having escaped the persecutions of the Equalist era, remains a hotspot of active religious behavior. East Arciluco, where the seat of the Ecumenical Patriarchate actually lies, is however an area of irreligious concentration, due to its former status as the capital of the Council and later Equalist Republic.

Health

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Education

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Kindergarten (Pre-school)
Age	Grade	Type
3–4	Grupa mică	optional
4–5	Grupa mijlocie	optional
5–6	Grupa mare	compulsory
Primary school (Primary School)
Age	Grade	Type
6–7	Clasa pregătitoare	compulsory
7–8	Clasa I	compulsory
8–9	Clasa II	compulsory
9–10	Clasa III	compulsory
10–11	Clasa IV	compulsory
Gymnasium (Middle school)
Age	Grade	Type
11–12	Clasa V	compulsory
12–13	Clasa VI	compulsory
13–14	Clasa VII	compulsory
14–15	Clasa VIII	compulsory
Lyceum (Secondary School)
Age	Grade	Type
15–16	Clasa IX	compulsory
16–17	Clasa X	compulsory
17–18	Clasa XI	compulsory
18–19	Clasa XII	compulsory
Lyceum (Secondary School)
Age	Grade	Type
15–16	Clasa IX	compulsory
16–17	Clasa X	compulsory
17–18	Clasa XI	compulsory
18–19	Clasa XII	compulsory

Culture

Folk culture and cuisine

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Architecture

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Visual arts

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Music and dance

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Literature and philosophy

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Cinema, animation, and media

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Sports

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National holidays

Date	Name	Holiday	Notes
1 January	New Year's Day
2 January	New Year's Holiday
6 January	Epiphany
movable Friday	Good Friday		The Friday before Easter Sunday
movable Sunday	Easter Sunday
movable Monday	Easter Monday		The Monday after Easter Sunday
movable Sunday	Pentecost		50 Days after Easter
movable Monday	Whit Monday		The Monday after the Pentecost
1 May	Day of Equality and Labor
10 May	Day of the Crown		Celebrating the Coronation of Charles I of Amathia and the Everlasting Union
5 June	Day of the Brotherly Union		Celebrating the Unio Trium Nationum
15 August	Dormition of the Mother of God		Also the day of the Amathian Navy, since the Mother of God is the patron of the Navy
30 November	Day of the Great Apostle		St. Andrew's Day
6 December	St. Nicholas Day
16 December	National Day
24 December	Nativity's Eve		Also known as Template:Wikipedia
25/26 December	Nativity		Also known as Template:Wikipedia
31 December	New Year's Eve

Tourism

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See also

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Notes

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Template:Kylaris