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Louzen language: Difference between revisions

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m (Suffixes)
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| -eḣ
| -eḣ
| -mi
| -mi
|-
!colspan="21"|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''House'''
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''House'''
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| -êḣ
| -êḣ
| -ami
| -ami
|-
!colspan="21"|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Man'''
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Man'''
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| -íḣ
| -íḣ
| -ma
| -ma
|-
!colspan="21"|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Country'''
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Country'''
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| -áḣ
| -áḣ
| -mi
| -mi
|-
!colspan="21"|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Stone'''
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Stone'''
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| -áḣ
| -áḣ
| -ami
| -ami
|-
!colspan="21"|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Hope'''
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Hope'''
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| -íḣ
| -íḣ
| -jáḣ
| -jáḣ
|-
!colspan="21"|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Bone'''
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Bone'''
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| -eḣ
| -eḣ
| -êmi
| -êmi
|-
!colspan="21"|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Mother''' (archaic)
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Mother''' (archaic)
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| -áḣ
| -áḣ
| -y
| -y
|-
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|-
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Sea'''
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Sea'''
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| -íḣ
| -íḣ
| -ami
| -ami
|-
!colspan="21"|
|-
|-
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Name'''
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Name'''
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| bgcolor=#F5F5F5|-é
| bgcolor=#F5F5F5|-é
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Feminine
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Feminine
|-
!colspan="19"|
|-
|-
|rowspan="6" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Fresh
|rowspan="6" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Fresh
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| bgcolor=#F5F5F5|-ovy
| bgcolor=#F5F5F5|-ovy
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Feminine
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Feminine
|-
!colspan="19"|
|-
|-
|rowspan="6" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Mother's
|rowspan="6" bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Mother's

Revision as of 15:37, 2 June 2021

Louzen language
Louzenish, Nordulevan
Lúzinʆina - Lúzinſký Âzyk
LouzeniFlag.png
Flag of the Duchy of Louzeni
Pronunciation/luːzinɕ͡ʧina/ Speaker Icon.svg
Native to
RegionSlavic Belt in Thuadia
EthnicityLouzeni Slavs
Native speakers
L1: 5,812,000
L2: 2,317,000
FL: 520,000
Standard forms
Louzen language great wordbook
Dialects
  • Qash mixed dialects
  • Louzeni[1]
  • Mountainous Haldenian
Louzen Latin Alphabet
Official status
Official language in
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-1LI
ISO 639-2LOI
ISO 639-3LOI
LouzenLangMap.png
Distribution of the language
  Absolute majority
  >30% of native speakers
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Louzeni language is a Slavic language out of Kento-Polyash language group, which is a official language of the autonomous Duchy of Louzeni in Gadorien and is a recognized minority language in Zhousheng, Gadorien and Qazhshava

Introduction

The language has a slavic root and grammar, but has developed along with strong germanic influences, which shaped the grammar of the language. Unlike most of other slavic languages, Louzen maintained use of Dual as a grammatical number.

Orthography and Phonology

Main article: Louzen orthography

Alphabet

Although until the 18th century, Louzeni used Protopolyash script, the strong influence of Gadori germanic tribes using latin pushed it towards Latin script, which eventually became the most used script and eventually gained a linguistic monopoly in the middle of 19th century.

Until the rebirth movement in the end of 19th century, Louzen used only Graphemes to denote multiple sounds, which did not have a standard 26-alphabet letter given to them, but later, a system of diacritic marks was devised, creating a version, where any important phoneme is denoted by a single letter. Louzen, although not officially using it, sometimes used lenghtened marks for vowels and syllabic consonants. Those symbols were used in some historical transcripts, but were eventually faded in eary 1900's.

A a Á á Ä ä Â â B b C c Ċ ċ D d Ḋ ḋ E e
É é Ê ê F f G g H h Ḣ ḣ I i Í í J j K k
L l Ŀ ŀ M m N n Ṅ ṅ O o Ó ó Ö ö P p Q q
R r S s ſ Ṡ ṡ ʃ Ŝ ŝ ʆ T t Ṫ ṫ U u Ú ú Ü ü Û û
V v Ƿ ƿ X x Y y Ý ý Z z Ż ż
Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Majuscule A Á Ä Â B C Ċ D Ḋ E É Ê F G H Ḣ I Í J K L Ŀ M N
Minuscule a á ä â b c ċ d ḋ e é ê f g h ḣ i í j k l ŀ m n
IPA Sound a aː æː ʲa b t͡s t͡ʃ d ɟ ɛ ɛː ʲe f g h x i iː j k l ʎ m n
Order 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
Majuscule Ṅ O Ó Ö P Q R S Ṡ Ŝ T Ṫ U Ú Ü Û V Ƿ X Y Ý Z Ż
Minuscule ṅ o ó ö p q r s ſ ṡ ʃ ŝ ʆ t ṫ u ú ü û v ƿ x y ý z ż
IPA Sound ɲ ɔ ɔː œː p k͡v r s ʃ ɕ͡ʧ t c u uː y ʲu v w k͡s ɪ ɪː z ʒ

Phonology

Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
Bilabial Labiodental Linguolabial Dental Alveolar Postal-veolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal m̥ m n̥ n ɳ ɲ
Plosive p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k g q
Sibilant affricate ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ ʈʂ ɖʐ ʨ ʥ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative f v ʝ x ɣ χ h ɦ
Approximant ʋ j w
Tap/Flap
Trill r̥ r ʀ̥ ʀ
Latelar affricate
Latelar fricative
Latelar approximant l ʎ
Latelar tap/flap
Tongue position Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close i y ɨ u
Near-close ɪ
Close-mid e o
Mid ə
Open-mid ɛ œ ɔ
Near-open ɐ
Open a ɑ ɒ
Diphthong a͡u
Long vowels aː ~ ɛː ~ eː ~ iː ~ ɪː ~ oː ~ ɔː ~ œː ~ uː ~ ɨː

Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation Historical phonetical shifts include:

  • Disappearance of /rʲ/ and its replacement with /r/
  • Phonetical shift /ɡ/ → /ɦ/
  • Phonetical shift /ʲeː/ → /iː/, orthographically briefly denoted as jͤ in the baroque orthography
  • Phonetical shift /ʊ͡ɔ/ → /uː/ (Equivalent to Scouse "Ò")
  • Phonetical shift /ʊ͡ɔ/ → /œː/ (Equivalent to Sino-Gadori "Ö")
  • Phonetical shift /ʃ͡ʧ/ → /ɕ͡ʧ/ (Equivalent to Volgin "Щ")
  • Phonetical shift /r̩/ → /ær/, orthographically Ŕ → ÄR
  • Phonetical shift /l̩/ → /ol/, orthographically Ĺ → OL
  • Phonetical shift /m̩/ → /um/, orthographically Ḿ → UM
  • Phonetical shift of any other syllabic consonant /◌̩/ → /e◌/
  • Phonetical shift /ja/ → /ʲa/ in according to placement (Previously equivalent to Ꙗ)
  • Phonetical shift /je/ → /ʲe/ in according to placement (Previously equivalent to Ѥ)
  • Phonetical shift /ju/ → /ʲu/ in according to placement (Previously equivalent to Ю)

Grammar

Nouns

Grammatical gender

Zhoushi languages distinguishes a total of 3 grammatical genders, one being latter subdivided into animate and inanimate forms,[2] although that doesn't change the rules on the usage, only works for listing the inflection patterns:

  • Masculine (symbol ♂, letter M)
  • Feminine (symbol ♀, letter F)
  • Neuter (symbol ⚲, letter N)

Grammatical cases

Louzen langauge works with 3 grammatical numbers (singular, dual and plural) and 6 separate grammatical cases:

  • Nominative (Imêník): Subject or a Predicate noun or adjectiv (Shorcut Nom., № 1)
  • Genitive (Pridrżník): Possessive or partial direct object, without Subject (Shorcut Gen., № 2)
  • Dative (Geŝník): Giving to Subject, phrases linked to certain verbs (Shorcut Dat., № 3)
  • Accusative (Jednateŀník): Interract with Subject (see, hear, harass...) (Shorcut Acc., № 4)
  • Locative (Míſtník): In Subject, on Subject, past Subject, nearby Subject, about Subject (Shorcut Loc., № 5)
  • Instrumentative (Drużník): Using Subject, with Subject (Shorcut Ins., № 6)

Some forms of the Vocative (Zvučník) case still exist, making some of the scholars claim, that Louzen still has 7 cases. However, Vocative has not been generally used since 1910's.

There are 12 Inflection patterns (5 for Masculine, 4 for Feminine and 3 for Neuter)

Grammatical inflection

Translation to Common Code Singular Dual Plural
Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Loc. Ins. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Loc. Ins. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Loc. Ins.
Masculine
Brother B Brat Brata Bratu Brata Bratovi Bratom Brata Brat Bratám Brata Bratáḣ Bratḣi Brati Bratú Bratúm Braty Brateḣ Bratmi
∅ -a -u -a -ovi -om -a ∅ -ám -a -áḣ -ḣi -i -ú -úm -y -eḣ -mi
House D Döm Dömy Dömu Döm Dömu Dömom Dömy Dömu Dömoma Dömê Dömáḣ Dömyma Dömové Dömú Dömúm Dömy Dömêḣ Dömami
∅ -y -u ∅ -u -om -y -u -oma -ê -áḣ -yma -ové -ú -úm -y -êḣ -ami
Man M Muž Muže Muži Muže Muži Mužem Muža Muž Mužoma Mužém Mužaḣ Mužmi Muži Mužú Mužúm Muže Mužíḣ Mužma
∅ -e -i -e -i -em -a ∅ -oma -ém -aḣ -mi -i -ú -úm -e -íḣ -ma
Country K Kraj Kraja Kraji Kraja Kraji Krajom Kraja Kraju Krajoma Krajê Krajaḣ Krajoma Kraje Krajú Krajom Kraje Krajáḣ Krajmi
∅ -a -i -a -i -om -a -u -oma -ê -aḣ -oma -e -ú -om -e -áḣ -mi
Stone A Kámen Kámene Kámeni Kámen Kámeni Kámenem Kámena Kámenu Kámenama Kámena Kámeneḣ Kámeni Kámeny Kámenêv Kámenúm Kámeny Kámeníḣ Kámeny
∅ -e -i ∅ -i -em -a -u -ama -a -eḣ -i -y -êv -úm -y -íḣ -y
Feminine
Woman Z Żena Żeny Żenê Żenu Żenê Żenau Żenê Żenu Żenama Żenê Żeníḣ Żenimê Żeny Żen Żenám Żeny Żenáḣ Żenami
-a -y -ê -u -ê -au -ê -u -ama -ê -íḣ -imê -y ∅ -ám -y -áḣ -ami
Hope N Nadêlâ[3] Nadêlê Nadêli Nadêlû Nadêli Nadêŀü Nadêlê Nadêlû Nadêlâ Nadêlê Nadêlâḣ Nadêlimê Nadêlê Nadêlê Nadêlâm Nadêlê Nadêlíḣ Nadêŀjáḣ
-â -ê -i -û -i -ü -ê -u -a -ê -âḣ -imê -ê -ê -am -ê -íḣ -jáḣ
Bone K Koſṫ Kosti Kosti Koſṫ Kosti Kosṫó Kosti Kostû Koſṫma Kosti Kostáḣ Koſṫma Kosti Kostí Kostím Kosti Kosteḣ Kostêmi
∅ -i -i ∅ -i -ó -i -û -ma -i -áḣ -ma -i -í -ím -i -eḣ -êmi
Mother (archaic) T Máti Máti Máti Máti Máti Máṫ Mátê Mátû Máṫma Máti Mátiḣ Máṫma Mátije Mátijí Mátijím Mátê Mátíḣ Máṫmi
-i -i -i -i -i ∅ -ê -û -ma -i -iḣ -ma -ije -ijí -ijím -ê -íḣ -mi
Neutrum
Word S Slovo Slova Slovu Slovo Slovu Slovem Slovji Slovû Slovêma Slovji Slovjíḣ Slovêma Slova Slov Slovám Slova Slováḣ Slovy
-o -a -u -o -u -em -ji -û -êma -ji -jíḣ -êma -a ∅ -ám -a -áḣ -y
Sea R Morê Morê Mori Morê Mori Morom Mora Mor Morím Mora Morê Mormi Morê Morí Morím Morê Moríḣ Morami
-ê -ê -i -ê -i -om -a ∅ -ím -a -ê -mi -ê -í -ím -ê -íḣ -ami
Name I Imê Imênê Imû Imê Imi Imi Imê Imú Imom Imê Imêḣ Imem Imê Imí Imêm Imêje Imíḣ Imêma
-ê -ênê -û -ê -i -i -ê -ú -om -ê -êḣ -em -ê -í -êm -êje -íḣ -êma

Adjectives

TBA

Grammatical inflection

Translation to Common Code Singular Dual Plural Gender
Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Loc. Ins. Nom.+Acc. Gen.+Loc. Dat. Ins. Nom. Gen.+Loc. Dat. Acc. Ins.
Descriptive
Hard H Tvärdý Tvärdóho Tvärdómu Tvärdóho Tvärdém Tvärdom Tvärda Tvärda Tvärdám Tvärdámi Tvärdí Tvärdýḣ Tvärdým Tvärdé Tvärdömi Masculine
Tvärdé Tvärdé Tvärdâ Tvärdâ Tvärdá Tvärdéḣ Neuter
Tvärdá Tvärdé Tvärdé Tvärdoju Tvärdé Tvärdoju Tvärdê Tvärdé Feminine
-ý -óho -ómu -óho -ém -om -a -a -ám -ámi -í -ýḣ -ým -é -ömi Masculine
-é -é -â -â -á -éḣ Neuter
-á -é -é -oju -é -oju -ê -é Feminine
Fresh G Svêżí Svêżího Svêżímu Svêżí Svêżím Svêżím Svêża Svêża Svêżám Svêżámi Svêżí Svêżíḣ Svêżím Svêżí Svêżími Masculine
Svêże Svêże Svêże Svêże Svêże Svêże Neutrum
Svêżá Svêżej Svêżej Svêżju Svêżeju Svêżej Svêżje Svêżje Feminine
-í -ího -ímu -í -ím -ím -a -a -ám -ámi -í -íḣ -ím -í -ími Masculine
-e -e -e -e -e -e Neutrum
-á -ej -ej -ju -eju -ej -je -je Feminine
Possessive
Father's O Ojcúv Ojcova Ojcovu Ojcúv Ojcovo Ojcovo Ojcova Ojcovêḣ Ojcovám Ojcovámi Ojcovi Ojcovýḣ Ojcovým Ojcové Ojcovömi Mustelaria
Ojcovo Ojcovo Ojcovê Ojcovê Ojcova Ojcova Neutrum
Ojcova Ojcovy Ojcovê Ojcovu Ojcovê Ojcovê Ojcovy Feminine
-úv -ova -ovu -úv -ovo -ovo -ova -ovêḣ -ovám -ovámi -ovi -ovýḣ -ovým -ové -ovömi Masculine
-ovo -ovo -ovê -ovê -ova -ova Neutrum
-ova -ovy -ovê -ovu -ovê -ovê -ovy Feminine
Mother's F Maṫčin Maṫčiny Maṫčinê Maṫčin Maṫčinê Maṫčinê Maṫčina Maṫčinêḣ Maṫčinám Maṫčinámi Maṫčini Maṫčinýḣ Maṫčiným Maṫčinné Maṫčinými Masculine
Maṫčino Maṫčino Maṫčinê Maṫčinê Maṫčina Maṫčina Neutrum
Maṫčina Maṫčiny Maṫčinu Maṫčinije Maṫčinije Feminine
∅ -y -ê ∅ -ê -ê -a -êḣ -ám -ámi -i -ýḣ -ým -né -ými Masculine
-o -o -ê -ê -a -a Neutrum
-a -y -u -ije -ije Feminine

  1. ↑ Often referred as "Literary form", as Louzeni accent is the one Louzeni language grammar rules are based on.
  2. ↑ See Wikipedia articles about Grammatical gender and Animacy
  3. ↑ Term Nadêlâ has a root "Nadêŀ", not "Nadêl", which makes the inflection more difficult as ŀa must be written as lâ etc...
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