Louzen language: Difference between revisions
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m (Fixed Spelling in alphabet) |
m (Added fraktur) |
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!colspan="2"|Official diacritic version | !colspan="2"|Official diacritic version | ||
! {{H:title|This version still exists, but is not officially recognized|Digraph version}} | ! {{H:title|This version still exists, but is not officially recognized|Digraph version}} | ||
! [[wikipedia:wikipedia|Fraktur]] | |||
! [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet chart|IPA Symbol]] | ! [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet chart|IPA Symbol]] | ||
! Example of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common] word with the sound | ! Example of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common] word with the sound | ||
| Line 170: | Line 171: | ||
| A a | | A a | ||
| A a | | A a | ||
| 𝔄 𝔞 | |||
|{{Audio|PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/a/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/a/|help=no}} | ||
|rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg '''A'''fter] | |rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg '''A'''fter] | ||
| Line 176: | Line 178: | ||
| Á á | | Á á | ||
| Aa aa | | Aa aa | ||
| 𝔄𝔞 𝔞𝔞 | |||
|{{Audio|PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/aː/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/aː/|help=no}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 181: | Line 184: | ||
| Ä ä | | Ä ä | ||
| Ae ae | | Ae ae | ||
| 𝔄̈ 𝔞̈ | |||
|{{Audio|Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɛ/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɛː/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɛ/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɛː/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''e'''d (General American accent)] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''e'''d (General American accent)] | ||
| Line 187: | Line 191: | ||
| Â â | | Â â | ||
| Ja ja | | Ja ja | ||
| 𝔄❜ 𝔞❜ | |||
| /ʲa/~/j͡a/ | | /ʲa/~/j͡a/ | ||
| ''Not in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common]. Example: "{{Hover title|Apple|Яблоко/Âbloko}}" in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surzhyk Tiskai language]'' | | ''Not in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common]. Example: "{{Hover title|Apple|Яблоко/Âbloko}}" in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surzhyk Tiskai language]'' | ||
| Line 193: | Line 198: | ||
| B b | | B b | ||
| B b | | B b | ||
| 𝔅 𝔟 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiced_bilabial_plosive.ogg|/b/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiced_bilabial_plosive.ogg|/b/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_bilabial_plosive.ogg La'''b'''el] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_bilabial_plosive.ogg La'''b'''el] | ||
| Line 199: | Line 205: | ||
| C c | | C c | ||
| C c | | C c | ||
| ℭ 𝔠 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga|/ʦ/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga|/ʦ/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga I'''ts'''] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga I'''ts'''] | ||
| Line 205: | Line 212: | ||
| Ċ ċ | | Ċ ċ | ||
| Cz cz | | Cz cz | ||
| ℭ𝔷 𝔠𝔷 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg|/ʧ/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg|/ʧ/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg '''Ch'''eck] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg '''Ch'''eck] | ||
| Line 211: | Line 219: | ||
| D d | | D d | ||
| D d | | D d | ||
| 𝔇 𝔡 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiced_retroflex_stop.oga|/ɖ/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiced_retroflex_stop.oga|/ɖ/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_retroflex_stop.oga '''D'''one] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_retroflex_stop.oga '''D'''one] | ||
| Line 217: | Line 226: | ||
| Ḋ ḋ | | Ḋ ḋ | ||
| D' d' | | D' d' | ||
| 𝔇❜ 𝔡❜ | |||
|{{Audio|Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg|/ɟ/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg|/ɟ/|help=no}} | ||
| ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg Voiced palatal plosive] (not in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common])'' | | ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg Voiced palatal plosive] (not in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common])'' | ||
| Line 223: | Line 233: | ||
| E e | | E e | ||
| E e | | E e | ||
| 𝔈 𝔢 | |||
|{{Audio|Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/e/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/e/|help=no}} | ||
|rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''e'''d (Australian accent)] | |rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''e'''d (Australian accent)] | ||
| Line 228: | Line 239: | ||
| 11 | | 11 | ||
| É é | | É é | ||
| | | Ee ee | ||
| 𝔈𝔢 𝔢𝔢 | |||
|{{Audio|Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/eː/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/eː/|help=no}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| Ê ê | | Ê ê | ||
| Je je | | Je je | ||
| 𝔈❜ 𝔢❜ | |||
| /ʲe/~/j͡e/ | | /ʲe/~/j͡e/ | ||
| B'''e'''larus | | B'''e'''larus | ||
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| F f | | F f | ||
| F f | | F f | ||
| 𝔉 𝔣 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiceless_labiodental_fricative.ogg|/f/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiceless_labiodental_fricative.ogg|/f/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative.ogg '''F'''ine] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_labiodental_fricative.ogg '''F'''ine] | ||
| Line 246: | Line 260: | ||
| G g | | G g | ||
| G g | | G g | ||
| 𝔊 𝔤 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg|/g/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg|/g/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg '''G'''ame] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_plosive_02.ogg '''G'''ame] | ||
| Line 252: | Line 267: | ||
| H h | | H h | ||
| H h | | H h | ||
| ℌ 𝔥 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiced_glottal_fricative.ogg|/ɦ/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|Voiceless_glottal_fricative.ogg|/h/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiced_glottal_fricative.ogg|/ɦ/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|Voiceless_glottal_fricative.ogg|/h/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_glottal_fricative.ogg '''H'''ello] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_glottal_fricative.ogg '''H'''ello] | ||
| Line 258: | Line 274: | ||
| Ḣ ḣ | | Ḣ ḣ | ||
| Ch ch | | Ch ch | ||
| 𝔊𝔥 𝔤𝔥 | |||
|<!--{{Audio|Voiceless_velar_fricative.ogg|/ɣ/|help=no}}<br>-->{{Audio|Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg|/x/|help=no}} | |<!--{{Audio|Voiceless_velar_fricative.ogg|/ɣ/|help=no}}<br>-->{{Audio|Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg|/x/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg Lo'''ch''' Ness] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg Lo'''ch''' Ness] | ||
| Line 264: | Line 281: | ||
| I i | | I i | ||
| I i | | I i | ||
| ℑ 𝔦 | |||
|{{Audio|Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/i/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/i/|help=no}} | ||
|rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg Fr'''ee'''] | |rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg Fr'''ee'''] | ||
| Line 269: | Line 287: | ||
| 18 | | 18 | ||
| Í í | | Í í | ||
| ℑ𝔢 𝔦𝔢 | |||
| Ie ie | | Ie ie | ||
|{{Audio|Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/iː/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/iː/|help=no}} | ||
| Line 275: | Line 294: | ||
| J j | | J j | ||
| J j | | J j | ||
| 𝔍 𝔧 | |||
|{{Audio|Palatal_approximant.ogg|/j/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Palatal_approximant.ogg|/j/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palatal_approximant.ogg '''Y'''ou] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palatal_approximant.ogg '''Y'''ou] | ||
| Line 281: | Line 301: | ||
| K k | | K k | ||
| K k | | K k | ||
| 𝔎 𝔨 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg|/k/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg|/k/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg '''K'''ey] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg '''K'''ey] | ||
| Line 287: | Line 308: | ||
| L l | | L l | ||
| L l | | L l | ||
| 𝔏 𝔩 | |||
|{{Audio|Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg|/l/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg|/l/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg '''L'''ater] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg '''L'''ater] | ||
| Line 293: | Line 315: | ||
| Ŀ ŀ | | Ŀ ŀ | ||
| L' l' | | L' l' | ||
| 𝔏❜ 𝔩❜ | |||
|{{Audio|Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg|/lʲ/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg|/lʲ/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg Mi'''ll'''ion] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg Mi'''ll'''ion] | ||
| Line 299: | Line 322: | ||
| M m | | M m | ||
| M m | | M m | ||
| 𝔐 𝔪 | |||
|{{Audio|Bilabial_nasal.ogg|/m/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Bilabial_nasal.ogg|/m/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bilabial_nasal.ogg '''M'''other] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bilabial_nasal.ogg '''M'''other] | ||
| Line 305: | Line 329: | ||
| N n | | N n | ||
| N n | | N n | ||
| 𝔑 𝔫 | |||
|{{Audio|Alveolar_nasal.ogg|/n/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Alveolar_nasal.ogg|/n/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alveolar_nasal.ogg Mo'''n'''th] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alveolar_nasal.ogg Mo'''n'''th] | ||
| Line 311: | Line 336: | ||
| Ṅ ṅ | | Ṅ ṅ | ||
| N' n' | | N' n' | ||
| 𝔑❜ 𝔫❜ | |||
|{{Audio|Palatal_nasal.ogg|/ɲ/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Palatal_nasal.ogg|/ɲ/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palatal_nasal.ogg '''N'''ew] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palatal_nasal.ogg '''N'''ew] | ||
| Line 317: | Line 343: | ||
| O o | | O o | ||
| O o | | O o | ||
| 𝔒 𝔬 | |||
| {{Audio|Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/o/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/ɔ/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/o/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/ɔ/|help=no}} | ||
|rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg Y'''aw'''n] / [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg N'''o'''t] | |rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg Y'''aw'''n] / [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg N'''o'''t] | ||
| Line 323: | Line 350: | ||
| Ó ó | | Ó ó | ||
| Oo oo | | Oo oo | ||
| 𝔒𝔬 𝔬𝔬 | |||
| {{Audio|Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/oː/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/ɔː/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/oː/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|PR-open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/ɔː/|help=no}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 328: | Line 356: | ||
| Ö ö | | Ö ö | ||
| Oe oe | | Oe oe | ||
| 𝔒̈ 𝔬̈ | |||
| {{Audio|Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg|/œ/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg|/œː/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg|/œ/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg|/œː/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg B'''i'''rd] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel.ogg B'''i'''rd] | ||
| Line 334: | Line 363: | ||
| P p | | P p | ||
| P p | | P p | ||
| 𝔓 𝔭 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiceless_bilabial_plosive.ogg|/p/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiceless_bilabial_plosive.ogg|/p/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_bilabial_plosive.ogg '''P'''lay] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_bilabial_plosive.ogg '''P'''lay] | ||
| Line 340: | Line 370: | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|Q q | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|Q q | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|Q q | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|Q q | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|𝔔 𝔮 | |||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|{{Audio|Voiceless_uvular_plosive.ogg|/q/|help=no}} ~ /k͡v/ | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|{{Audio|Voiceless_uvular_plosive.ogg|/q/|help=no}} ~ /k͡v/ | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_uvular_plosive.ogg '''C'''aught] | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_uvular_plosive.ogg '''C'''aught] | ||
| Line 346: | Line 377: | ||
| R r | | R r | ||
| R r | | R r | ||
| ℜ 𝔯 | |||
|{{Audio|Uvular_trill.ogg|/ʀ/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Uvular_trill.ogg|/ʀ/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Uvular_trill.ogg '''R'''ed] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Uvular_trill.ogg '''R'''ed] | ||
| Line 352: | Line 384: | ||
| S s | | S s | ||
| S s | | S s | ||
| 𝔖 𝔰 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg|/s/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg|/s/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg '''S'''urprise] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant.ogg '''S'''urprise] | ||
| Line 358: | Line 391: | ||
| Ṡ ṡ | | Ṡ ṡ | ||
| Sz sz | | Sz sz | ||
| 𝔖𝔷 𝔰𝔷 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative.ogg|/ɕ/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative.ogg|/ɕ/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative.ogg '''Sh'''ow] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative.ogg '''Sh'''ow] | ||
| Line 364: | Line 398: | ||
| Ŝ ŝ | | Ŝ ŝ | ||
| Sx sx | | Sx sx | ||
| 𝔖𝔵 𝔰𝔵 | |||
| /ɕ͡ʧ/ | | /ɕ͡ʧ/ | ||
| ''Not in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common]. Example: "{{Hover title|Puppy|Щенок/Ŝenok}}" in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surzhyk Tiskai language]'' | | ''Not in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common]. Example: "{{Hover title|Puppy|Щенок/Ŝenok}}" in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surzhyk Tiskai language]'' | ||
| Line 370: | Line 405: | ||
| T t | | T t | ||
| T t | | T t | ||
| 𝔗 𝔱 | |||
|{{Audio|Voiceless_retroflex_stop.oga|/ʈ/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiceless_retroflex_stop.oga|/ʈ/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_retroflex_stop.oga '''T'''ime] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_retroflex_stop.oga '''T'''ime] | ||
| Line 376: | Line 412: | ||
| Ṫ ṫ | | Ṫ ṫ | ||
| T' t' | | T' t' | ||
| 𝔗❜ 𝔱❜ | |||
|{{Audio|Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg|/c/|help=no}} | |{{Audio|Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg|/c/|help=no}} | ||
| ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg Voiceless palatal plosive] (not in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common])'' | | ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg Voiceless palatal plosive] (not in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common])'' | ||
| Line 382: | Line 419: | ||
| U u | | U u | ||
| U u | | U u | ||
| 𝔘 𝔲 | |||
| {{Audio|Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/u/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/u/|help=no}} | ||
|rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg B'''oo'''t] | |rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg B'''oo'''t] | ||
| Line 388: | Line 426: | ||
| Ú ú | | Ú ú | ||
| Uu uu | | Uu uu | ||
| 𝔘𝔲 𝔲𝔲 | |||
| {{Audio|Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/uː/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Close_back_rounded_vowel.ogg|/uː/|help=no}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 393: | Line 432: | ||
| Ü ü | | Ü ü | ||
| Ue ue | | Ue ue | ||
| 𝔘̈ 𝔲̈ | |||
| {{Audio|Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɨ/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɨː/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɨ/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɨː/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg L'''i'''p (London accent)] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close_central_unrounded_vowel.ogg L'''i'''p (London accent)] | ||
| Line 399: | Line 439: | ||
| Û û | | Û û | ||
| Ju ju | | Ju ju | ||
| 𝔘❜ 𝔲❜ | |||
| /ʲu/~/j͡u/ | | /ʲu/~/j͡u/ | ||
| ''Not in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common]. Example: "{{Hover title|To love|Любить/Lûbitʹ}}" in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surzhyk Tiskai language]'' | | ''Not in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language common]. Example: "{{Hover title|To love|Любить/Lûbitʹ}}" in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surzhyk Tiskai language]'' | ||
| Line 405: | Line 446: | ||
| V v | | V v | ||
| V v | | V v | ||
| 𝔙 𝔳 | |||
| {{Audio|Voiced_labiodental_fricative.ogg|/v/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Voiced_labiodental_fricative.ogg|/v/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_labiodental_fricative.ogg '''V'''al'''v'''e] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_labiodental_fricative.ogg '''V'''al'''v'''e] | ||
| Line 411: | Line 453: | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|W w | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|W w | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|W w | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|W w | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|𝔚 𝔴 | |||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|{{Audio|Voiced_labio-velar_approximant.ogg|/w/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|Labiodental_approximant.ogg|/ʋ/|help=no}} | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|{{Audio|Voiced_labio-velar_approximant.ogg|/w/|help=no}}<br>{{Audio|Labiodental_approximant.ogg|/ʋ/|help=no}} | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_labio-velar_approximant.ogg '''W'''eep] | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_labio-velar_approximant.ogg '''W'''eep] | ||
| Line 417: | Line 460: | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|X x | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|X x | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|X x | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|X x | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|𝔛 𝔵 | |||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|/k͡s/ | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|/k͡s/ | ||
|bgcolor=#FFEEEE|''A bigram of /k/ and /s/, for example in Ma'''x'''imal'' | |bgcolor=#FFEEEE|''A bigram of /k/ and /s/, for example in Ma'''x'''imal'' | ||
| Line 423: | Line 467: | ||
| Y y | | Y y | ||
| Y y | | Y y | ||
| 𝔜 𝔶 | |||
| {{Audio|Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɪ/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɪ/|help=no}} | ||
|rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''i'''t (General American)] | |rowspan="2"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''i'''t (General American)] | ||
| Line 429: | Line 474: | ||
| Ý ý | | Ý ý | ||
| Ye ye | | Ye ye | ||
| 𝔜𝔢 𝔶𝔢 | |||
| {{Audio|Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɪː/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg|/ɪː/|help=no}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 434: | Line 480: | ||
| Z z | | Z z | ||
| Z z | | Z z | ||
| ℨ 𝔷 | |||
| {{Audio|Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg|/z/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg|/z/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg '''Z'''oo] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg '''Z'''oo] | ||
| Line 440: | Line 487: | ||
| Ż ż | | Ż ż | ||
| Z' z' | | Z' z' | ||
| ℨ❜ 𝔷❜ | |||
| {{Audio|Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg|/ʑ/|help=no}} | | {{Audio|Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg|/ʑ/|help=no}} | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg Vi'''s'''ion] | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant.ogg Vi'''s'''ion] | ||
Revision as of 19:55, 7 March 2021
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| Louzen language | |
|---|---|
| Louzenish, Nordulevan | |
| Lúzinŝina | |
 Flag of the Duchy of Louzeni | |
| Pronunciation | /luːzinɕʧina/  |
| Native to | |
| Region | Slavic Belt in Thuadia |
| Ethnicity | Louzeni Slavs |
Native speakers | L1: 5,812,000 L2: 2,317,000 FL: 520,000 |
Thuado-Thrismaran languages
| |
Standard forms | Louzen language great wordbook
|
| Dialects | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | |
Recognised minority language in |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | LI |
| ISO 639-2 | LOI |
| ISO 639-3 | LOI |
 Distribution of the language Absolute majority >30% of native speakers | |
Central Region
Louzeni language is a Slavic language out of Kento-Polyash language group, which is a official language of the autonomous Duchy of Louzeni in Gadorien and is a recognized minority language in Zhousheng, Gadorien and Qazhshava
Introduction
The language has a slavic root and grammar, but has developed along with strong germanic influences, which shaped the grammar of the language. Unlike most of other slavic languages, Louzen maintained use of Dual as a grammatical number.
Alphabet
Although until the 18th century, Louzeni used Protopolyash script, the strong influence of Gadori germanic tribes using latin pushed it towards Latin script, which eventually became the most used script and eventually gained a linguistic monopoly in the middle of 19th century.
Until the rebirth movement in the end of 19th century, Louzen used only Graphemes to denote multiple sounds, which did not have a standard 26-alphabet letter given to them, but later, a system of diacritic marks was devised, creating a version, where any important phoneme is denoted by a single letter.
Louzen, although not officially using it, sometimes used lenghtened marks for vowels and syllabic consonants. Those symbols were used in some historical transcripts, but were eventually faded in eary 1900's.
| Aa /a/ |
Áá /aː/ |
Ää /ɛ ~ ɛː/ |
Ââ /ʲa ~ ja/ |
Bb /b/ |
Cc /ʦ/ |
Ċċ /ʨ ~ ʧ/ |
Dd /ɖ ~ d/ |
Ḋḋ /ɟ/ |
Ee /e/ |
| Éé /eː/ |
Êê /ʲe ~ je/ |
Ff /f/ |
Gg /g/ |
Hh /ɦ ~ h/ |
Ḣḣ /x/ |
Ii /i/ |
Íí /iː/ |
Jj /j/ |
Kk /k/ |
| Ll /l/ |
Ŀŀ /lʲ/ |
Mm /m/ |
Nn /n/ |
Ṅṅ /ɲ/ |
Oo /o ~ ɔ/ |
Óó /oː ~ ɔː/ |
Öö /œː/ |
Pp /p/ |
Qq /q ~ kv/ |
| Rr /ʀ/ |
Ss /s/ |
Ṡṡ /ɕ ~ ʃ/ |
Ŝŝ /ɕʧ/ |
Tt /ʈ ~ t/ |
Ṫṫ /c/ |
Uu /u/ |
Úú /uː/ |
Üü /ɨ ~ ɨː/ |
Ûû /ʲu ~ ju/ |
| Vv /v/ |
Ww /w ~ ʋ/ |
Xx /ks/ |
Yy /ɪ/ |
Ýý /ɪː/ |
Zz /z/ |
Żż /ʑ ~ ʒ/ |
Detailed table
| Official diacritic version | Digraph version | Fraktur | IPA Symbol | Example of a common word with the sound | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A a | A a | 𝔄 𝔞 |  /a/
|
After |
| 2 | Á á | Aa aa | 𝔄𝔞 𝔞𝔞 | /aː/
| |
| 3 | Ä ä | Ae ae | 𝔄̈ 𝔞̈ | /ɛ//ɛː/
|
Bed (General American accent) |
| 4 | Â â | Ja ja | 𝔄❜ 𝔞❜ | /ʲa/~/j͡a/ | Not in common. Example: "Яблоко/Âbloko" in Tiskai language |
| 5 | B b | B b | 𝔅 𝔟 | /b/
|
Label |
| 6 | C c | C c | ℭ 𝔠 | /ʦ/
|
Its |
| 7 | Ċ ċ | Cz cz | ℭ𝔷 𝔠𝔷 | /ʧ/
|
Check |
| 8 | D d | D d | 𝔇 𝔡 | /ɖ/
|
Done |
| 9 | Ḋ ḋ | D' d' | 𝔇❜ 𝔡❜ | /ɟ/
|
Voiced palatal plosive (not in common) |
| 10 | E e | E e | 𝔈 𝔢 | /e/
|
Bed (Australian accent) |
| 11 | É é | Ee ee | 𝔈𝔢 𝔢𝔢 | /eː/
| |
| 12 | Ê ê | Je je | 𝔈❜ 𝔢❜ | /ʲe/~/j͡e/ | Belarus |
| 13 | F f | F f | 𝔉 𝔣 | /f/
|
Fine |
| 14 | G g | G g | 𝔊 𝔤 | /g/
|
Game |
| 15 | H h | H h | ℌ 𝔥 | /ɦ//h/
|
Hello |
| 16 | Ḣ ḣ | Ch ch | 𝔊𝔥 𝔤𝔥 | /x/
|
Loch Ness |
| 17 | I i | I i | ℑ 𝔦 | /i/
|
Free |
| 18 | Í í | ℑ𝔢 𝔦𝔢 | Ie ie | /iː/
| |
| 19 | J j | J j | 𝔍 𝔧 | /j/
|
You |
| 20 | K k | K k | 𝔎 𝔨 | /k/
|
Key |
| 21 | L l | L l | 𝔏 𝔩 | /l/
|
Later |
| 22 | Ŀ ŀ | L' l' | 𝔏❜ 𝔩❜ | /lʲ/
|
Million |
| 23 | M m | M m | 𝔐 𝔪 | /m/
|
Mother |
| 24 | N n | N n | 𝔑 𝔫 | /n/
|
Month |
| 25 | Ṅ ṅ | N' n' | 𝔑❜ 𝔫❜ | /ɲ/
|
New |
| 26 | O o | O o | 𝔒 𝔬 | /o//ɔ/
|
Yawn / Not |
| 27 | Ó ó | Oo oo | 𝔒𝔬 𝔬𝔬 | /oː//ɔː/
| |
| 28 | Ö ö | Oe oe | 𝔒̈ 𝔬̈ | /œ//œː/
|
Bird |
| 29 | P p | P p | 𝔓 𝔭 | /p/
|
Play |
| 30 | Q q | Q q | 𝔔 𝔮 | /q/ ~ /k͡v/
|
Caught |
| 31 | R r | R r | ℜ 𝔯 | /ʀ/
|
Red |
| 32 | S s | S s | 𝔖 𝔰 | /s/
|
Surprise |
| 33 | Ṡ ṡ | Sz sz | 𝔖𝔷 𝔰𝔷 | /ɕ/
|
Show |
| 34 | Ŝ ŝ | Sx sx | 𝔖𝔵 𝔰𝔵 | /ɕ͡ʧ/ | Not in common. Example: "Щенок/Ŝenok" in Tiskai language |
| 35 | T t | T t | 𝔗 𝔱 | /ʈ/
|
Time |
| 36 | Ṫ ṫ | T' t' | 𝔗❜ 𝔱❜ | /c/
|
Voiceless palatal plosive (not in common) |
| 37 | U u | U u | 𝔘 𝔲 | /u/
|
Boot |
| 38 | Ú ú | Uu uu | 𝔘𝔲 𝔲𝔲 | /uː/
| |
| 39 | Ü ü | Ue ue | 𝔘̈ 𝔲̈ | /ɨ//ɨː/
|
Lip (London accent) |
| 40 | Û û | Ju ju | 𝔘❜ 𝔲❜ | /ʲu/~/j͡u/ | Not in common. Example: "Любить/Lûbitʹ" in Tiskai language |
| 41 | V v | V v | 𝔙 𝔳 | /v/
|
Valve |
| 42 | W w | W w | 𝔚 𝔴 | /w//ʋ/
|
Weep |
| 43 | X x | X x | 𝔛 𝔵 | /k͡s/ | A bigram of /k/ and /s/, for example in Maximal |
| 44 | Y y | Y y | 𝔜 𝔶 | /ɪ/
|
Bit (General American) |
| 45 | Ý ý | Ye ye | 𝔜𝔢 𝔶𝔢 | /ɪː/
| |
| 46 | Z z | Z z | ℨ 𝔷 | /z/
|
Zoo |
| 47 | Ż ż | Z' z' | ℨ❜ 𝔷❜ | /ʑ/
|
Vision |
Phonology
| Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manner ↓ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postal-veolar | Retroflex | Platal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||||||||||
| Nasal | m̥ | m | n̥ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | g | q | |||||||||||||
| Sibilant affricate | ʦ | ʣ | ʧ | ʤ | ʈʂ | ɖʐ | ʨ | ʥ | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sibilant fricative | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ɕ | ʑ | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-sibilant fricative | f | v | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | h | ɦ | ||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | j | w | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Tap/Flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trill | r̥ | r | ʀ̥ | ʀ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Latelar affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latelar fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latelar approximant | l | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latelar tap/flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Front-back → | Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up-down ↓ | ||||||||||
| Close | i | ɨ | u | |||||||
| Near-close | ɪ | |||||||||
| Close-mid | e | o | ||||||||
| Mid | ə | |||||||||
| Open-mid | ɛ | œ | ɔ | |||||||
| Near-open | ɐ | |||||||||
| Open | a | ɑ | ɒ | |||||||
| Diphthong | a͡u | |||||||||
| Long vowels | aː ~ ɛː ~ eː ~ iː ~ ɪː ~ oː ~ ɔː ~ œː ~ uː ~ ɨː | |||||||||
Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation
Softening
Sounds for letters D, L, N, T preceding letters Â, Ê, I, Í, Û are softened/platalized.
| Softening | Regular | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Written | Read | Wrong | Written | Read |
| di | /ɟi/ | ḋi | dy | /ɖɪ/ |
| li | /lʲi/ | ŀi | ly | /lɪ/ |
| ni | /ɲi/ | ṅi | ny | /nɪ/ |
| ti | /ci/ | ṫi | ty | /ʈɪ/ |
Important note is, that in case of softening with Â, Ê, Û, the /j/ sound is not pronounced:
| Softening | Regular | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Written | Read | Wrong | Written | Read |
| dâ | /ɟa/ | ḋa | dja | /ɖja/ |
| lâ | /lʲa/ | ŀa | lja | /lja/ |
| nâ | /ɲa/ | ṅa | nja | /nja/ |
| tâ | /ca/ | ṫa | tja | /ʈja/ |
Nouns
Grammatical gender
Zhoushi languages distinguishes a total of 3 grammatical genders, one being latter subdivided into animate and inanimate forms,[2] although that doesn't change the rules on the usage, only works for listing the inflection patterns:
- Masculine (symbol ♂, letter M)
- Feminine (symbol ♀, letter F)
- Neuter (symbol ⚲, letter N)
Grammatical cases
Louzen langauge works with 3 grammatical numbers (singular, dual and plural) and 5 separate grammatical cases:
- Nominative (Imêník): Subject or a Predicate noun or adjectiv (Shorcut Nom., № 1)
- Genitive (Pridrżník): Possessive or partial direct object, without Subject (Shorcut Gen., № 2)
- Dative (Geŝník): Giving to Subject, phrases linked to certain verbs (Shorcut Dat., № 3)
- Accusative (Jednateŀník): Interract with Subject (see, hear, harass...) (Shorcut Acc., № 4)
- Ablative (Drużník): Part of Subject, compared to Subject, the way (Shorcut Abl., № 5)
There are 12 Inflection patterns (5 for Masculine, 4 for Feminine and 3 for Neuter)
Grammatical inflection
| Translation to Common | Code | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | Gen. | Dat. | Acc. | Abl. | Nom. | Gen. | Dat. | Acc. | Abl. | Nom. | Gen. | Dat. | Acc. | Abl. | |||
| Masculine | |||||||||||||||||
| Brother | B | Brat | Brata | Bratu | Brata | Bratom | Brata | Brat | Bratám | Brata | Bratḣi | Brati | Bratú | Bratúm | Braty | Bratmi | |
| ∅ | -a | -u | -a | -om | -a | ∅ | -ám | -a | -ḣi | -i | -ú | -úm | -y | -mi | |||
| House | D | Döm | Dömy | Dömu | Döm | Dömom | Dömy | Dömu | Dömoma | Dömê | Dömyma | Dömové | Dömú | Dömúm | Dömy | Dömami | |
| ∅ | -y | -u | ∅ | -om | -y | -u | -oma | -ê | -yma | -ové | -ú | -úm | -y | -ami | |||
| Man | M | Muž | Muže | Muži | Muže | Mužum | Muža | Muž | Mužoma | Mužém | Mužmi | Muži | Mužú | Mužúm | Muže | Mužma | |
| ∅ | -e | -i | -e | -um | -a | ∅ | -oma | -ém | -mi | -i | -ú | -úm | -e | -ma | |||
| Country | K | Kraj | Kraja | Kraji | Kraja | Krajom | Kraja | Kraju | Krajoma | Krajê | Krajoma | Kraje | Krajú | Krajom | Kraje | Krajmi | |
| ∅ | -a | -i | -a | -om | -a | -u | -oma | -ê | -oma | -e | -ú | -om | -e | -mi | |||
| Stone | A | Kámen | Kámene | Kámeni | Kámen | Kámenem | Kámena | Kámenu | Kámenama | Kámena | Kámeni | Kámeny | Kámenêv | Kámenúm | Kámeny | Kámeny | |
| ∅ | -e | -i | ∅ | -em | -a | -u | -ama | -a | -i | -y | -êv | -úm | -y | -y | |||
| Feminine | |||||||||||||||||
| Woman | Z | Żena | Żeny | Żenê | Żenu | Żenû | Żenê | Żenu | Żenama | Żenê | Żenimê | Żeny | Żen | Żenám | Żeny | Żenami | |
| -a | -y | -ê | -u | -û | -ê | -u | -ama | -ê | -imê | -y | ∅ | -ám | -y | -ami | |||
| Hope | N | Nadêlâ[3] | Nadêlê | Nadêli | Nadêlû | Nadêŀü | Nadêlê | Nadêlû | Nadêlâ | Nadêlê | Nadêlimê | Nadêlê | Nadêlê | Nadêlâm | Nadêlê | Nadêŀjáḣ | |
| -â | -ê | -i | -û | -ü | -ê | -u | -a | -ê | -imê | -ê | -ê | -am | -ê | -jáḣ | |||
| Bone | K | Kosṫ | Kosti | Kosti | Kosṫ | Kosṫó | Kosti | Kostû | Kosṫma | Kosti | Kosṫma | Kosti | Kostí | Kostím | Kosti | Kostêmi | |
| ∅ | -i | -i | ∅ | -ó | -i | -û | -ma | -i | -ma | -i | -í | -ím | -i | -êmi | |||
| Mother (archaic) | T | Máti | Máti | Máti | Máti | Máṫ | Mátê | Mátû | Máṫma | Máti | Máṫma | Mátije | Mátijí | Mátijím | Mátê | Máṫmi | |
| -i | -i | -i | -i | ∅ | -ê | -û | -ma | -i | -ma | -ije | -ijí | -ijím | -ê | -mi | |||
| Neutrum | |||||||||||||||||
| Word | S | Slovo | Slova | Slovu | Slovo | Slovme | Slovji | Slovû | Slovêma | Slovji | Slovêma | Slova | Slov | Slovám | Slova | Slovy | |
| -o | -a | -u | -o | -me | -ji | -û | -êma | -ji | -êma | -a | ∅ | -ám | -a | -y | |||
| Sea | R | Morê | Morê | Mori | Morê | Mori | Mora | Mor | Morím | Mora | Mormi | Morê | Morí | Morím | Morê | Morami | |
| -ê | -ê | -i | -ê | -i | -a | ∅ | -ím | -a | -mi | -ê | -í | -ím | -ê | -ami | |||
| Name | I | Imê | Imênê | Imû | Imê | Imi | Imê | Imú | Imom | Imê | Imem | Imê | Imí | Imêm | Imêje | Imêma | |
| -ê | -ênê | -û | -ê | -i | -ê | -ú | -om | -ê | -em | -ê | -í | -êm | -êje | -êma | |||
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- ↑ Often referred as "Literary form", as Louzeni accent is the one Louzeni language grammar rules are based on.
- ↑ See Wikipedia articles about Grammatical gender and Animacy
- ↑ Term Nadêlâ has a root "Nadêŀ", not "Nadêl", which makes the inflection more difficult as ŀa must be written as lâ etc...