Louzen language

Louzen language
Louzenish, Nordulevan
Lúzinſ̂ina - Lúzinſký Âzyk
Flag of the Duchy of Louzeni
Pronunciation	/luːzinɕʧina/
Native to	Gadorien Duchy of Louzeni
Region	Slavic Belt in Thuadia
Ethnicity	Louzeni Slavs
Native speakers	L1: 5,812,000 L2: 2,317,000 FL: 520,000
Language family	Thuado-Thrismaran Zarav-Slavic Slavic Kento-Polyash Mustelarian subgroup Louzen language
Standard forms	Louzen language great wordbook
Dialects	Qash mixed dialects Louzeni Mountainous Haldenian
Official status
Official language in	Gadorien Duchy of Louzeni
Recognised minority language in	Zhousheng Central Region Gadorien Qazhshava Lakkatha Province Srednogorie Province Lenvuri Capital Province Timanë Province Sekidean Union
Language codes
ISO 639-1	LI
ISO 639-2	LOI
ISO 639-3	LOI
Distribution of the language   Absolute majority   >30% of native speakers

Louzeni language is a Slavic language out of Kento-Polyash language group, which is a official language of the autonomous Duchy of Louzeni in Gadorien and is a recognized minority language in Zhousheng, Gadorien and Qazhshava

Introduction

The language has a slavic root and grammar, but has developed along with strong germanic influences, which shaped the grammar of the language. Unlike most of other slavic languages, Louzen maintained use of Dual as a grammatical number.

Orthography and Phonology

Main article: Louzen orthography

Alphabet

Although until the 18th century, Louzeni used Protopolyash script, the strong influence of Gadori germanic tribes using latin pushed it towards Latin script, which eventually became the most used script and eventually gained a linguistic monopoly in the middle of 19th century.

Until the rebirth movement in the end of 19th century, Louzen used only Graphemes to denote multiple sounds, which did not have a standard 26-alphabet letter given to them, but later, a system of diacritic marks was devised, creating a version, where any important phoneme is denoted by a single letter. Louzen, although not officially using it, sometimes used lenghtened marks for vowels and syllabic consonants. Those symbols were used in some historical transcripts, but were eventually faded in eary 1900's.

A a /a/	Á á /aː/	Ä ä /æː/	Â â /ʲa ~ ja/	B b /b/	C c /ʦ/	Ċ ċ /ʨ ~ ʧ/	D d /ɖ ~ d/	Ḋ ḋ /ɟ/	E e /ɛ/
É é /ɛː/	Ê ê /ʲe ~ je/	F f /f/	G g /g/	H h /ɦ ~ h/	Ḣ ḣ /x/	I i /i/	Í í /iː/	J j /j/	K k /k/
L l /l/	Ŀ ŀ /ʎ ~ lʲ/	M m /m/	N n /n/	Ṅ ṅ /ɲ/	O o /o ~ ɔ/	Ó ó /oː ~ ɔː/	Ö ö /œ ~ œː/	P p /p/	Q q /q ~ kv/
R r /r ~ ʀ/	S s ſ /s/	Ṡ ṡ ẛ /ɕ ~ ʃ/	Ŝ ŝ ſ̂ /ɕʧ/	T t /ʈ ~ t/	Ṫ ṫ /c/	U u /u/	Ú ú /uː/	Ü ü /ɨ ~ y/	Û û /ʲu ~ ju/
V v /v/	Ƿ ƿ /w ~ ʋ/	X x /ks/	Y y /ɪ/	Ý ý /ɪː/	Z z /z/	Ż ż /ʑ ~ ʒ/

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32		33		34		35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47
A	Á	Ä	Â	B	C	Ċ	D	Ḋ	E	É	Ê	F	G	H	Ḣ	I	Í	J	K	L	Ŀ	M	N	Ṅ	O	Ó	Ö	P	Q	R	S		Ṡ		Ŝ		T	Ṫ	U	Ú	Ü	Û	V	Ƿ	X	Y	Ý	Z	Ż
a	á	ä	â	b	c	ċ	d	ḋ	e	é	ê	f	g	h	ḣ	i	í	j	k	l	ŀ	m	n	ṅ	o	ó	ö	p	q	r	s	ſ	ṡ	ẛ	ŝ	ſ̂	t	ṫ	u	ú	ü	û	v	ƿ	x	y	ý	z	ż
a	aː	æː	ʲa	b	t͡s	t͡ʃ	d	ɟ	ɛ	ɛː	ʲe	f	g	h	x	i	iː	j	k	l	ʎ	m	n	ɲ	ɔ	ɔː	œː	p	k͡v	r	s		ʃ		ʃt͡ʃ		t	c	u	uː	y	ʲu	v	w	k͡s	ɪ	ɪː	z	ʒ

Phonology

Place Manner	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postal-veolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m							n̥	n				ɳ		ɲ
Plosive	p	b							t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	g	q
Sibilant affricate									ʦ	ʣ	ʧ	ʤ	ʈʂ	ɖʐ	ʨ	ʥ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative									s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative			f	v												ʝ	x	ɣ	χ				h	ɦ
Approximant				ʋ												j		w
Tap/Flap
Trill									r̥	r									ʀ̥	ʀ
Latelar affricate
Latelar fricative
Latelar approximant										l						ʎ
Latelar tap/flap

Tongue position	Front		Near-front		Central		Near-back		Back
Close	i	y			ɨ					u
Near-close			ɪ
Close-mid	e									o
Mid					ə
Open-mid	ɛ	œ								ɔ
Near-open					ɐ
Open	a								ɑ	ɒ
Diphthong	a͡u
Long vowels	aː ~ ɛː ~ eː ~ iː ~ ɪː ~ oː ~ ɔː ~ œː ~ uː ~ ɨː

Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation

Regulation

Institute for literary Louzen language

Building housing the institutue
Latin: Consortio linguæ emendati Luzenorum
Other name	Institut pro literelný Lúzinſký Âzyk
Motto	„Afferant montes pacem populo“
Motto in English	„May the mountains bring prosperity to the people“
Established	1943
Mission	Maintainment of a literary basis for the Louzen language
President	Vácslav Grüný
Chairman	Âromír Geſ̂inský
Head of senior linguists	Igor Fiṡmil Najmänċ
Staff	~400 employees
Budget	~20M SEK (~25M ACU)
Debt	None
Members	~85
Address	Haldenskégo Märẛe, 430
Location	Lozeng , Duchy of Louzeni , Gadorien

Louzen language has a regulatory organ, named the "Institute for literary Louzen language", AKA "Institut pro literelný Lúzinſký Âzyk" in Louzen. This organ was founded as a regulatory body to the language, stabilizing the grammar, orthography and phonology.

First change was stabilization of the alphabet, changing multiple letters to a more stable form:

• Ǧ → G (/g/)
• G → J (/j/)
• J → Í (/iː/)
• Ƿ → V (/v/)
• Ch → Ḣ (/x/)
• Ṡċ → Ŝ (/ʃ͡ʧ/)
• I͡a → Â (/j͡a ~ ʲa/)
• I͡e → Ê (/j͡e ~ ʲe/)
• I͡u → Û (/j͡u ~ ʲu/)

Another changes include establishment of a Govoric script, which is stabilized on that part, establishment of rules on Rounded S (s) & Long S (ſ), and officially removed Rounded R (ꝛ) from the orthography (It used to be written behind B, D, Ḋ, h (only miniscule), ḣ (only miniscule), O, Ó, Ö, P or Q).

Establishment and removal of Å (A-Ring)

Å å
Å å

For adjectives, the plural accusative suffix -ou shifted to -au (/ɔ͡u/ → /a͡u/). The letter O was temporairly replaced by Å, although the later was later unified with A in the 1970's.

The opposite change can be seen in for example Scouse and Utochise, where the /a͡u/ shifted to /ɔ͡u/. In Scouse, the suffix is denoted as Ą (A-ogoniek), where in Utochise, the letter was replaced by O and is used in the digraph OU.

Currently, the letter Å is not used as is replaced by A in all cases.

Removal of Ŏ (O-Breve)

Ŏ ŏ
Ŏ ŏ

This change also included abolishment of the letter Ŏ, which was denoting a vowel shift from O/Ó/Uo (Equivalent to Ө in Zhoushi) to U/Ú (ɔ → u) in the words such as "Slŏn" (Elephant), "Lŏmên" (Broken cane) or "Sŏlâ" (Salt), replacing it with a letter "U" or "Ú", depending on lenght of the vowel → "Slún", "Lumên", "Súlâ".

Similar change can be seen in Utochise language, where the shift O → Ú is denoted by ringed U (Ů), or in Scouse language, where the same shift is denoted by O-accute (Ó).

Removal of Ø (Slashed O)

Ø ø
Ø ø

Similairly, letter Ø was abolished as a vowel shift from O/Ó/Uo (Equivalent to Ө in Zhoushi) to Ö (ɔ → œ). Those letters were simply replaced by Ö. Example of such word could be "Døm" (House), "Møka" (Flour) or "Løẛe" (Bleach) → "Döm", "Möka", "Löẛe"

Grammar

Nouns

Grammatical gender

Zhoushi languages distinguishes a total of 3 grammatical genders, one being latter subdivided into animate and inanimate forms, although that doesn't change the rules on the usage, only works for listing the inflection patterns:

• Masculine (symbol ♂, letter M)
• Feminine (symbol ♀, letter F)
• Neuter (symbol ⚲, letter N)

Grammatical cases

Louzen langauge works with 3 grammatical numbers (singular, dual and plural) and 6 separate grammatical cases:

• Nominative (Imêník): Subject or a Predicate noun or adjectiv (Shorcut Nom., № 1)
• Genitive (Pridrżník): Possessive or partial direct object, without Subject (Shorcut Gen., № 2)
• Dative (Geŝník): Giving to Subject, phrases linked to certain verbs (Shorcut Dat., № 3)
• Accusative (Jednateŀník): Interract with Subject (see, hear, harass...) (Shorcut Acc., № 4)
• Locative (Míſník): In Subject, on Subject, past Subject, nearby Subject, about Subject (Shorcut Loc., № 5)
• Instrumentative (Drużník): Using Subject, with Subject (Shorcut Ins., № 6)

There are 12 Inflection patterns (5 for Masculine, 4 for Feminine and 3 for Neuter)

Grammatical inflection

Translation to Common	Code	Singular						Dual						Plural
		Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Loc.	Ins.	Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Loc.	Ins.	Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Loc.	Ins.
Masculine
Brother	B	Brat	Brata	Bratu	Brata	Bratovi	Bratom	Brata	Brat	Bratám	Brata	Bratáḣ	Bratḣi	Brati	Bratú	Bratúm	Braty	Brateḣ	Bratmi
		∅	-a	-u	-a	-ovi	-om	-a	∅	-ám	-a	-áḣ	-ḣi	-i	-ú	-úm	-y	-eḣ	-mi
House	D	Döm	Dömy	Dömu	Döm	Dömu	Dömom	Dömy	Dömu	Dömoma	Dömê	Dömáḣ	Dömyma	Dömové	Dömú	Dömúm	Dömy	Dömêḣ	Dömami
		∅	-y	-u	∅	-u	-om	-y	-u	-oma	-ê	-áḣ	-yma	-ové	-ú	-úm	-y	-êḣ	-ami
Man	M	Muž	Muže	Muži	Muže	Muži	Mužem	Muža	Muž	Mužoma	Mužém	Mužaḣ	Mužmi	Muži	Mužú	Mužúm	Muže	Mužíḣ	Mužma
		∅	-e	-i	-e	-i	-em	-a	∅	-oma	-ém	-aḣ	-mi	-i	-ú	-úm	-e	-íḣ	-ma
Country	K	Kraj	Kraja	Kraji	Kraja	Kraji	Krajom	Kraja	Kraju	Krajoma	Krajê	Krajaḣ	Krajoma	Kraje	Krajú	Krajom	Kraje	Krajáḣ	Krajmi
		∅	-a	-i	-a	-i	-om	-a	-u	-oma	-ê	-aḣ	-oma	-e	-ú	-om	-e	-áḣ	-mi
Stone	A	Kámen	Kámene	Kámeni	Kámen	Kámeni	Kámenem	Kámena	Kámenu	Kámenama	Kámena	Kámeneḣ	Kámeni	Kámeny	Kámenêv	Kámenúm	Kámeny	Kámeníḣ	Kámeny
		∅	-e	-i	∅	-i	-em	-a	-u	-ama	-a	-eḣ	-i	-y	-êv	-úm	-y	-íḣ	-y
Feminine
Woman	Z	Żena	Żeny	Żenê	Żenu	Żenê	Żenau	Żenê	Żenu	Żenama	Żenê	Żeníḣ	Żenimê	Żeny	Żen	Żenám	Żeny	Żenáḣ	Żenami
		-a	-y	-ê	-u	-ê	-au	-ê	-u	-ama	-ê	-íḣ	-imê	-y	∅	-ám	-y	-áḣ	-ami
Hope	N	Nadêlâ	Nadêlê	Nadêli	Nadêlû	Nadêli	Nadêŀü	Nadêlê	Nadêlû	Nadêlâ	Nadêlê	Nadêlâḣ	Nadêlimê	Nadêlê	Nadêlê	Nadêlâm	Nadêlê	Nadêlíḣ	Nadêŀjáḣ
		-â	-ê	-i	-û	-i	-ü	-ê	-u	-a	-ê	-âḣ	-imê	-ê	-ê	-am	-ê	-íḣ	-jáḣ
Bone	K	Koſṫ	Kosti	Kosti	Koſṫ	Kosti	Kosṫó	Kosti	Kostû	Koſṫma	Kosti	Kostáḣ	Koſṫma	Kosti	Kostí	Kostím	Kosti	Kosteḣ	Kostêmi
		∅	-i	-i	∅	-i	-ó	-i	-û	-ma	-i	-áḣ	-ma	-i	-í	-ím	-i	-eḣ	-êmi
Mother (archaic)	T	Máti	Máti	Máti	Máti	Máti	Máṫ	Mátê	Mátû	Máṫma	Máti	Mátiḣ	Máṫma	Mátije	Mátijí	Mátijím	Mátê	Mátíḣ	Máṫmi
		-i	-i	-i	-i	-i	∅	-ê	-û	-ma	-i	-iḣ	-ma	-ije	-ijí	-ijím	-ê	-íḣ	-mi
Neutrum
Word	S	Slovo	Slova	Slovu	Slovo	Slovu	Slovem	Slovji	Slovû	Slovêma	Slovji	Slovjíḣ	Slovêma	Slova	Slov	Slovám	Slova	Slováḣ	Slovy
		-o	-a	-u	-o	-u	-em	-ji	-û	-êma	-ji	-jíḣ	-êma	-a	∅	-ám	-a	-áḣ	-y
Sea	R	Morê	Morê	Mori	Morê	Mori	Morom	Mora	Mor	Morím	Mora	Morê	Mormi	Morê	Morí	Morím	Morê	Moríḣ	Morami
		-ê	-ê	-i	-ê	-i	-om	-a	∅	-ím	-a	-ê	-mi	-ê	-í	-ím	-ê	-íḣ	-ami
Name	I	Imê	Imênê	Imû	Imê	Imi	Imi	Imê	Imú	Imom	Imê	Imêḣ	Imem	Imê	Imí	Imêm	Imêje	Imíḣ	Imêma
		-ê	-ênê	-û	-ê	-i	-i	-ê	-ú	-om	-ê	-êḣ	-em	-ê	-í	-êm	-êje	-íḣ	-êma