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m (retnaîni)
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|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left;  font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed:
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left;  font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed:
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left;  font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|Ti-flivini lim ti-retnaîni εdε-alenino-fnelȝ, beofzinino:
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left;  font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|Ti-flivini lim ti-retnaîni εdε-alenino-fnelȝ, beofzinino:
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left;  font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|[[File:BotoTS.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLine.png|link=|18px]][[File:BotoFM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoLM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoVM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoNE.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIA.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoSkip.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLS.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoME.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoSkip.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoTS.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLine.png|link=|18px]][[File:BotoRS.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoEL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoTM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoNM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoAL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoYL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoNE.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIA.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoSkip.png|link=|6px]][[File:Boto&A.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoDS.png|link=|12px]][[File:Boto&L.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLine.png|link=|18px]][[File:BotoAL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoEL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoNM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoNM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoOL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLine.png|link=|18px]][[File:BotoFM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoNM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoEL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoKE.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoSkip.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoBS.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoEL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoOL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoFM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoZM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoNM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoNE.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoOA.png|link=|6px]]
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left;  font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|[[File:BotoTS.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLine.png|link=|18px]][[File:BotoFM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoLM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoVM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoNE.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIA.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoSkip.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLS.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoME.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoSkip.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoTS.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLine.png|link=|18px]][[File:BotoRM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoEL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoTM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoNM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoAL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoYL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoNE.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIA.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoSkip.png|link=|6px]][[File:Boto&A.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoDS.png|link=|12px]][[File:Boto&L.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLine.png|link=|18px]][[File:BotoAL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoEL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoNM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoNM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoOL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLine.png|link=|18px]][[File:BotoFM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoNM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoEL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoLM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoKE.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoSkip.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoBS.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoEL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoOL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoFM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoZM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoNM.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoIL.png|link=|6px]][[File:BotoNE.png|link=|12px]][[File:BotoOA.png|link=|6px]]
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|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:right; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color:#453402;"|<small>8</small>
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Revision as of 13:14, 15 April 2021

Borelian
Borelan, Bolanic
Borεnli - File:BotoBS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoRM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoNM.pngBotoLE.pngBotoIA.png
BorelianFlag.png
Ethnic flag of Borelians
Pronunciation/bɔɾənʟɪ/ Speaker Icon.svg
Native to
RegionStorvan island
EthnicityStorvani aboriginals
Native speakers
L1: ~530,000
L2: ~230,000
FL: <50,000
Bornese
  • Borelian
Early forms
  • Old Borelian
Standard forms
Great Borelian Corpus
Latin alphabet
Boto script
Official status
Official language in
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-1BL
ISO 639-2BOL
ISO 639-3BOL
BorelianLangMap.png
Distribution of the language
  Absolute majority
  >30% of native speakers
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Borelian is a language isolate, spoken by the aboriginals on the island of Storvan, it is recognized as a official language of the Storvan Autonomy and a minority language in Zhousheng.

Alphabet

Alphabetic version:

A a
/a/ 		B b
/b/ 		C c
/ʃ/ 		D d
/d/ 		E e
/ɛ/ 		F f
/f/ 		G g
/g/ 		H h
/ɦ/ 		I i
/ɪ/ 		Î î
/ʝ/
J j
/ʒ/ 		K k
/k/ 		Ȝ ȝ
/x/ 		L l
/ʟ ~ l/ 		M m
/m/ 		N n
/n/ 		O o
/ɔ/ 		P p
/p/ 		Q q
/q ~ kv/ 		R r
/ʀ ~ ɾ/
S s
/s/ 		T t
/t/ 		U u
/u/ 		V v
/v/ 		Ƿ ƿ
/ʋ/ 		X x
/ks/ 		Y y
/ɨ/ 		Z z
/z/ 		& ε
/ə/ 		-
-Silent-

Boto version:

File:BotoBS.pngFile:BotoBM.pngFile:BotoBE.png
/b/ 		File:BotoPS.pngFile:BotoPM.pngFile:BotoPE.png
/p/ 		BotoDS.pngBotoDM.pngBotoDE.png
/d/ 		BotoTS.pngBotoTM.pngBotoTE.png
/t/ 		BotoVS.pngBotoVM.pngBotoVE.png
/v/ 		BotoFS.pngBotoFM.pngBotoFE.png
/f/ 		BotoGS.pngBotoGM.pngBotoGE.png
/g/ 		BotoKS.pngBotoKM.pngBotoKE.png
/k ~ x/ 		BotoHS.pngBotoHM.pngBotoHE.png
/ɦ/
BotoMS.pngBotoMM.pngBotoME.png
/m/ 		BotoNS.pngBotoNM.pngBotoNE.png
/n/ 		BotoRS.pngBotoRM.pngBotoRE.png
/ʀ ~ ɾ/ 		BotoLS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoLE.png
/ʟ ~ l/ 		BotoSS.pngBotoSM.pngBotoSE.png
/s/ 		BotoZS.pngBotoZM.pngBotoZE.png
/z/ 		BotoCS.pngBotoCM.pngBotoCE.png
/ʃ/ 		BotoJS.pngBotoJM.pngBotoJE.png
/ʒ/ 		BotoAL.pngBotoAA.png
/a/
Boto&L.pngBoto&A.png
/ə/ 		BotoEL.pngBotoEA.png
/ɛ/ 		BotoIL.pngBotoIA.png
/ɪ/ 		BotoYLGrey.pngBotoYAGrey.png
/ʝ/ 		BotoOL.pngBotoOA.png
/ɔ/ 		BotoUL.pngBotoUA.png
/u/ 		BotoLine.png
-Silent- 		BotoSkip.png
-Space- 		BotoDot.png
-Period-

Note: The letter Î/BotoYA.png was very often ignored and written as I/BotoIA.png

Detailed table

Alphabetic version Boto version Protopolyash version IPA Symbol Example of a common word with the sound
1 A a BotoAL.png BotoAA.png Ⲁ ⲁ About this sound/a/ After
2 B b File:BotoBS.png File:BotoBM.png File:BotoBE.png Ⲃ ⲃ About this sound/b/ Label
3 C c BotoCS.png BotoCM.png BotoCE.png Ϣ ϣ About this sound/ʃ/ Show
4 D d BotoDS.png BotoDM.png BotoDE.png Ⲇ ⲇ About this sound/d/ Done
5 E e BotoEL.png BotoEA.png Ⲉ ⲉ About this sound/ɛ/ Bed (General American accent)
6 F f BotoFS.png BotoFM.png BotoFE.png Ⲫ ⲫ About this sound/f/ Fine
7 G g BotoGS.png BotoGM.png BotoGE.png Ⲅ ⲅ About this sound/g/ Game
8 H h BotoHS.png BotoHM.png BotoHE.png Ϩ ϩ About this sound/ɦ/ Hello
9 I i BotoIL.png BotoIA.png Ⲓ ⲓ About this sound/ɪ/ Bit (General American)
Î î BotoYL.png BotoYA.png About this sound/ʝ/
10 J j BotoJS.png BotoJM.png BotoJE.png Ϭ ϭ About this sound/ʒ/ Pleasure
11 K k BotoKS.png BotoKM.png BotoKE.png Ⲕ ⲕ About this sound/k/ Key
Ȝ ȝ Ⲭ ⲭ About this sound/x/ Loch Ness
12 L l BotoLS.png BotoLM.png BotoLE.png Ⲗ ⲗ About this sound/ʟ/ Middle (Southern US accent)
13 M m BotoMS.png BotoMM.png BotoME.png Ⲙ ⲙ About this sound/m/ Mother
14 N n BotoNS.png BotoNM.png BotoNE.png Ⲛ ⲛ About this sound/n/ Month
15 O o BotoOL.png BotoOA.png Ⲟ ⲟ About this sound/ɔ/ Not
16 P p File:BotoPS.png File:BotoPM.png File:BotoPE.png Ⲡ ⲡ About this sound/p/ Play
17 Q q — — About this sound/q/ ~ /k͡v/ Caught
18 R r BotoRS.png BotoRM.png BotoRE.png Ⲣ ⲣ About this sound/ʀ/ Red
19 S s BotoSS.png BotoSM.png BotoSE.png Ⲥ ⲥ About this sound/s/ Surprise
20 T t BotoTS.png BotoTM.png BotoTE.png Ⲧ ⲧ About this sound/t/ Time
21 U u BotoUL.png BotoUA.png Ⲩ ⲩ About this sound/u/ Boot
22 V v BotoVS.png BotoVM.png BotoVE.png Ⲯ ⲯ About this sound/v/ Valve
23 Ƿ ƿ W w — — About this sound/ʋ/ Vine (Indian accent)
24 X x — — /k͡s/ A bigram of /k/ and /s/, for example in Maximal
25 Y y — — About this sound/ɨ/? Lip (London accent)?
26 Z z BotoZS.png BotoZM.png BotoZE.png Ⲍ ⲍ About this sound/z/ Zoo
27 & ε Boto&L.png Boto&A.png Ⲱ ⲱ About this sound/ə/ Bird
?1 - BotoLine.png - -Silent symbol- Used for connection between linked words
?2 BotoSkip.png Symbol for a stop between words
?3 . BotoDot.png . Used on the end of the sentence

Controversy about alphabet systems

Although the latin alphabet is now the most used alphabet for the Borelian language, some people have criticised the distinction (or lack of, depending on what side of the argument the person supports) between k and ȝ. Although the phonemes /k/ and /x/ are interchangable in Borelian, they are sometimes distinguished in multiple accents, which lead to the distinction of the two phonemes in the alphabet. As of now, Yogh (Ȝ) is a optional character, you can, but are not required to write (many people replace it with K).

Ampersand has been included in the alphabet as the 27th/28th character, with a miniscule ε (simplified from ɛ̗́), which may make the language visually difficult for non-borelians.

Multiple linguists proposed the change in the writing system, replacing Ampersand (&) with the letter Schwa (Ә), which was already implemented in the Storvani language in 1930's. As of now, the proposal is opposed by the majority of the populace as well as the office for literal language. The support for this movement however still rises, as the Ampersand is visually difficult to write correctly when making quick notes.

Similar problem exists with the letter for the phoneme /ʋ/, which is not present in Borelian alphabet. While originally, the letter Wynn (Ƿ) was used on all occasions, same as in the Zhoushi language and by proxy by influence from the Storvani language, which in turn took it from Krenyan alphabet,[1] but later, with the rise of the internet, letter "W" became more wide spread because of the adresses starting with "www.". This problem was later solved by auto-redirecting system update, which allowed users to type "ƿƿƿ." and it automatically redirected to "www."

Phonology

Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
Bilabial Labiodental Linguolabial Dental Alveolar Postal-veolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal m̥ m n̥ n
Plosive p b t d ʈ ɖ k g q
Sibilant affricate
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ
Non-sibilant fricative f v ʝ x ɣ χ h ɦ
Approximant ʋ j
Tap/Flap ɾ̥ ɾ ʀ̥ ʀ
Trill r̥ r
Latelar affricate
Latelar fricative
Latelar approximant l ʟ
Latelar tap/flap
Tongue position Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close i ɨ u
Near-close ɪ
Close-mid e o
Mid ə
Open-mid ɛ ʌ ɔ
Near-open
Open a ɑ
Diphthong u͡ɪ
Long vowels aː ~ ɛː ~ ɪː ~ ɔː ~ əː ~ uː

Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation

Predicate-subject complex

While the Borelian language does not have a seperate predicate and subject in sentence, it has one word, which is both a noun phrase and a verb phrase (so called Predicate-subject complex). It is created out of a subjectual prefix, verbal (predicate) root and a optional adjustment suffix.

Subject prefix

Borelian has three grammatical cases for the complex:

The predicate-subject complex can be distinguished from other forms of other complexes, as it uses the predicate term in subjective case.

Common term Borelian term (Alphabet) Borelian term (Boto) Person
Subjective Objective Possessive Subjective Objective Possessive Subjective Objective Possessive
Singular
I Me My Za- Zati- Zama- BotoZS.pngBotoAL.png BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.png BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png First
You You Your Da- Dati- Dama- BotoDS.pngBotoAL.png BotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.png BotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png Second
He Him His Ca- Cati- Cana- BotoCS.pngBotoAL.png BotoCS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.png BotoCS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoAL.png Third
She Her Hers Cε- Cεdi- Cεni- BotoCS.pngBoto&L.png BotoCS.pngBoto&L.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.png BotoCS.pngBoto&L.pngBotoNM.pngBotoIL.png
It
They 		It
Them 		Its
Their 		Catε- Catoci- Catεcε- BotoCS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBoto&L.png BotoCS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoCM.pngBotoIL.png BotoCS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoCM.pngBoto&L.png
Dual
We (inclusive) Us Our Zata- Zati- Zoma- BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.png BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.png BotoZS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png First
You You Your Dali- Daloti- Daloma- BotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.png BotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.png BotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png Second
They Them Their Coma- Comasi- Comosi- BotoCS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png BotoCS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoSM.pngBotoIL.png BotoCS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoSM.pngBotoIL.png Third
We (exclusive) Us Our Pala- Pali- Ponla- File:BotoPS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoAL.png File:BotoPS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.png File:BotoPS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoAL.png Fourth
Plural
We (inclusive) Us Our Fata- Fati- Foma- BotoFS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.png BotoFS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.png BotoFS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png First
You You Your Dapi- Dapεti- Dapεma- BotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoPM.pngBotoIL.png BotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoPM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.png BotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoPM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png Second
They Them Their Soma- Somaci- Somoci- BotoSS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png BotoSS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoCM.pngBotoIL.png BotoSS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoCM.pngBotoIL.png Third
We (exclusive) Us Our Vala- Vali- Vonla- BotoVS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoAL.png BotoVS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.png BotoVS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoAL.png Fourth
Other
Who
Somebody 		Whom
Somebody 		Whose
Somebody's 		Ju- Juta- Juma- BotoJS.pngBotoUL.png BotoJS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.png BotoJS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png Question
Whoever
Anybody 		Whomever
Anybody 		Whosever
Anybody's 		Juko- Jukota- Jukoma- BotoJS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoOL.png BotoJS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.png BotoJS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png
— -self — Se- Seta- Sema- BotoSS.pngBotoEL.png BotoSS.pngBotoEL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.png BotoSS.pngBotoEL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.png Reflexive
— — — &di-[a] &da-[b] &dε-[c] Boto&A.pngBotoDS.pngBotoIL.png Boto&A.pngBotoDS.pngBotoAL.png Boto&A.pngBotoDS.pngBoto&L.png Filler
  1. ↑ Filler literally meaning "search for a closest word in subjective"
  2. ↑ Filler literally meaning "search for a closest word in objective or in adjective"
  3. ↑ Filler literally meaning "search for a closest word in possessive

Predicate root

TBA

Suffixes

Predicate-subject complex has three suffixes, that are added to denote tense, mood and situation respectively. The first suffix (the one closest to the root) denotes tense, the middle suffix denotes mood and the last suffix denotes situation.

Tense suffix

Borelian language has 15 tenses, subdivided into 3 groups:

Only tenses no present in Common are the repetetives, which denote a action, that happened multiple times in the said time horizon. Such as "Zataribapo" means literally "I used to win (a lot)".

Mood suffix

Borelian language has 5 grammatical moods:

Situation suffix

Situational suffix can show multiple adjusting information:

  • Negation - Suffix -be
  • Doubt - Suffix -pε
  • Possibility - Suffix -sa
  • Passivity - Suffix -mε

(multiple of those can be used at the same time, there is no rule on the sequence in which those must be used)

Examples

Following table shows example of the complex with verbal root "-tari-" (root for "to win") and a subject "rutu" (term for "friend").

Borelian term (Alphabet) Borelian term (Boto) Borelian parts Common term
Zatari. BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRE.pngBotoIA.png Za-tari. I win.
Zatariȝa? BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoKE.pngBotoAA.png Za-tari-ȝa? Do I win?
Zatariȝabe? BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBE.pngBotoEA.png Za-tari-ȝa-be? Do I not win?
Zataribaȝabe? BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBE.pngBotoEA.png Za-tari-ba-ȝa-be? Didn't I win?
Zataribaboȝabe? BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBE.pngBotoEA.png Za-tari-ba-boȝa-be? Wouldn't I have won?
Jutaribabobe. BotoJS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoOL.pngFile:BotoBE.pngBotoEA.png Ju-tari-ba-bo-be. Somebody wouldn't have won.
Jutaribaboȝabe? BotoJS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBE.pngBotoEA.png Ju-tari-ba-boȝa-be? Who wouldn't have won?
Rutu &ditaribaboȝabe? BotoRS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoTE.pngBotoUA.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDS.pngBoto&L.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBE.pngBotoEA.png Rutuㅤ&di-tari-ba-boȝa-be? Friend wouldn't have won?
Rutu &ditaribaboȝabepε? BotoRS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoTE.pngBotoUA.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDS.pngBoto&L.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoEL.pngFile:BotoPE.pngBoto&A.png Rutuㅤ&di-tari-ba-boȝa-be-pε? Friend wouldn't have won, would he?
Zamarutu &ditaribaboȝabepε? BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoTE.pngBotoUA.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDS.pngBoto&L.pngBotoTM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoEL.pngFile:BotoPE.pngBoto&A.png Zama-rutuㅤ&di-tari-ba-boȝa-be-pε? My friend wouldn't have won, would he?

The complex is always written with a first capital letter.

Nouns

Nouns in Borelian have 2 genders:

  • Masculine - End with a vowel
  • Feminine - End with a consonant
  • Indifferent - Impossible to distinguish a gender (End with I/Î)

It also has five grammatical cases for nouns:

And seven grades for nouns:

  • Negative - Object lacks the said property - Prefix Be-
  • Positive - Object has the said property - No prefix
  • Comparative - Object A has the said property more than Object B - Prefix Meî-
  • Superlative - Object has the most of the said property - Prefix Sul-
  • Diminutive - Object has very little of the said property - Prefix Mol-
  • Augmentative - Object has a lot of the said property - Prefix Sti-
  • Excessive - Object has too much of the said property - Prefix Rεk-

Each of the nouns can be created by adding suffix to the Noun root, which can also serve in creating a adjective out of the word:

Gender Number Common term Borelian term
Subjective Objective Possessive Adjective Adverb form Verbal form Subjective Objective Possessive Adjective Adverbative Verbal form
Masculines (Root ending with a vowel)
Masculine Singular Friend Friend Friend's Friendly Friendly To befriend
To be a friend 		Rutu[a] Rutuî Rutudi Rutudime- Rutumile Rutu
∅ -î BotoYA.png -di BotoDE.pngBotoIA.png -dime- BotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoEL.png -mile BotoMM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoEA.png
Dual Friends Friends Friends' Rutul Rutuli Rutuledi Rutulime- Rutulipe
-l BotoLE.png -li BotoLE.pngBotoIA.png -ledi BotoLM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoDE.pngBotoIA.png -lime- BotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoEL.png -lipe BotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoPE.pngBotoEA.png
Plural Rutus Rutusi Rutusedi Rutusime- Rutumile
-s BotoSE.png -si BotoSE.pngBotoIA.png -sedi BotoSM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoDE.pngBotoIA.png -sime- BotoSM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoEL.png -mile BotoMM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoEA.png
Feminines (Root ending with a consonant)
Feminine Singular Cooperation Cooperation Cooperation's Cooperative Cooperatively To cooperate Unolot Unoloti Unolotili Unolotino- Unolotnilo Unolo[b]
∅ -i BotoIA.png -ili BotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoIA.png -ino- BotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.png -nilo BotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoOA.png
Dual Cooperations Cooperations Cooperations' Unolotil Unolotlil Unolotlimi Unolotlino- Unolotlipo
-il BotoIL.pngBotoLE.png -lil BotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.png -limi BotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoME.pngBotoIA.png -lino- BotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.png -lipo BotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoPE.pngBotoOA.png
Plural Unolotic Unolotcij Unolotjili Unolotjino- Unolotnilo
-ic BotoIL.pngBotoCE.png -cij BotoCM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoJE.png -jili BotoJM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoIA.png -jino- BotoJM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.png -nilo BotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoOA.png
Indifferents (Root ending with I/Î)
Indifferent Singular Love Love Love's Loving Lovely To love Tulraî Tulraîn Tulraîni Tulraîno- Tulraînino Tulraîi[c]
∅ -n BotoNE.png -ni BotoNE.pngBotoIA.png -no- BotoNM.pngBotoOL.png -nilo BotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNE.pngBotoOA.png
Dual Loves Loves Loves' Tulraînil Tulraînin Tulraînimi Tulraîrino- Tulraîribo
-il BotoIL.pngBotoLE.png -nin BotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNE.png -nimi BotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoME.pngBotoIA.png -rino- BotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.png -ribo BotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoBE.pngBotoOA.png
Plural Tulraîj Tulraîciî Tulraîmili Tulraîporo- Tulraînilo
-j BotoYA.png -ciî BotoCE.pngBotoIA.pngBotoYA.png -mili BotoMM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoIA.png -poro- File:BotoPM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoOL.png -nilo BotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoOA.png
  1. ↑ Note: If the last letter is "I" read as /ʝ/, it is considered to be a feminine word and should follow the feminine declension rules
  2. ↑ Rules on the formation of the verbal form:
    1) It is created by removing all the consonants behind the last vowel in the root, unless:
    2) The last letter is a L, R, M or N, but:
    3) The letter "Î" read as /ʝ/ counts as a consonant and should be removed as well, unless:
    4) The root is monosyllabic. In that case the letter should be read as /ɪ/ in the verbal form and be symbolized by "I"
    Or if the root is monosyllabic but with no "Î" on the end, "&" is added
  3. ↑ If the root ends with a "Î", "I" is added. If the root ends with "I", nothing changes

Words in adjective are always tied with a "-" to a nounal form or to a suffix linking it to a couse:
Note: Words are "zlit" (goodness), "rutu" (friend), "cukleî" (help)/"cukle" (to help)

Borelian term (Alphabet) Borelian term (Boto) Borelian parts Common term
Zlit BotoZS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTE.png Zlit Goodness
Zlitino BotoZS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNE.pngBotoOA.png Zlit-ino The Good
Zlitino-rutu BotoZS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoRM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoTE.pngBotoUA.png Zlit-ino–rutu Good friend
Zlitino-rutu &dicukle zati BotoZS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoRM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoTE.pngBotoUA.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDS.pngBotoIL.pngBotoCM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoLE.pngBotoEA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTE.pngBotoIA.png Zlit-ino–rutuㅤ&di-cukleㅤzati Good friend helps me
Zamacukle Zliti BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoCM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoLE.pngBotoEA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoZS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoLine.pngBotoIL.png Zama-cukleㅤZlit-i I help the good (concept)
Zamacukle Zlitino-î BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoCM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoLE.pngBotoEA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoZS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoYL.png Zama-cukleㅤZlit-ino–î I help the good (person)
Zamacukle Juzlitino-î BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoCM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoLE.pngBotoEA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoJS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoZM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoYL.png Zama-cukleㅤJu-zlit-ino–î I help somebody good
Zamacukle zlitnilo BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoCM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoLE.pngBotoEA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoZS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoOA.png Zama-cukleㅤZlit-nilo I help well
Zamacukle Juzlitino-î zlitnilo BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoCM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoLE.pngBotoEA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoJS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoZM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoYL.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoZS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoOA.png Zama-cukleㅤJu-zlit-ino–îㅤZlit-nilo I help well somebody good

Possessive representation

A word can be "owned" by another word in possessive case, if the filler prefix "&dε-" is included. Nouns are not written with a capital character, unlike the complex, so in most cases, you would see a miniscule version "εdε-".

Examples of nouns

Here are some examples of sentences using multiple noun's:
Note: term Unolot can represent both Clan and a Cooperation as a action, as well as it was taken as a term for "Federation", term "unolo" is a verb for cooperate.

Borelian term Borelian parts Common term
Zamarutu &ditariba ubi unolotili. Zama-rutuㅤ&di-tari-baㅤubiㅤunolotili. My friend won thanks to the cooperation.
Unolot &ditariba ubi zamarutuî. Unolotㅤ&di-tari-baㅤubiㅤzama-rutuî. The clan won thanks to my friend.
Rutudime-unolot &ditariba ubi zamarutuî. Rutudime–unolotㅤ&di-tari-baㅤubiㅤzama-rutuî. The friendly clan won thanks to my friend.
Rutudime-unolot &ditariba ubi zamarutudi εdεrutuî. Rutudime–unolotㅤ&di-tari-baㅤubiㅤzama-rutudiㅤεdε-rutuî. The friendly clan won thanks to my friend's friend.
Rutudime-unolot &ditaribabopε ubi zamarutudi εdεrutuî, jda Caunolobaribobe. Rutudime–unolotㅤ&di-tari-ba-bo-pεㅤubiㅤzama-rutudiㅤεdε-rutuî, jdaㅤCa-unolo-bari-bo-be. I doubt the friendly clan would have won thanks to my friend's friend, had he not cooperated.

Example of the language

Sonnet 18 translation into Borelian:

Common Borelian (latin) Borelian (boto)
Q1 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Zakaviboȝa dati iz-claȝεdime-îuvaci? BotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoVM.pngBotoIL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoKE.pngBotoAA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTE.pngBotoIA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoIA.pngBotoZM.pngBotoLine.pngBotoCM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoKM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoYL.pngBotoUL.pngBotoVM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoCE.pngBotoIA.png
Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Deba Fildi meîtulraîno- e meîhmarino-: BotoDS.pngBotoEL.pngFile:BotoBE.pngBotoAA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoFS.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoDE.pngBotoIA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoMS.pngBotoEL.pngBotoYL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoRM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoYL.pngBotoNS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoEA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoMS.pngBotoEL.pngBotoYL.pngBotoHM.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.png
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, Ȝrtiîno-Fucitic &ditεrcε tulratime-budeni εdεdivlini,[a] BotoKS.pngBotoRM.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoYL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoFM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoCM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoCE.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoRM.pngBotoCE.pngBoto&A.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoTS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoRM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoLine.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoDM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoNE.pngBotoIA.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoVM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNE.pngBotoIA.png
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: E claȝεdi εdεdendu Zamabapo molklertino-îuvaci: BotoEA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoCS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoKM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDS.pngBoto&L.pngBotoDM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoDE.pngBotoUA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoAL.pngFile:BotoPE.pngBotoOA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoMS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoKM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoYL.pngBotoUL.pngBotoVM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoCE.pngBotoIA.png 4
Q2 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, Moltliknilo rεkclakino pnimadi εdεkukna &dizermε, BotoMS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoTM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoOA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoRM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoKM.pngBotoCM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNE.pngBotoOA.pngBotoSkip.pngFile:BotoPS.pngBotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoDE.pngBotoIA.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDS.pngBoto&L.pngBotoKM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoNM.pngBotoNE.pngBotoAA.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoZM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoRM.pngBotoME.pngBoto&A.png
And often is his gold complexion dimmed; E stitliknilo Malkedime-canastiîεd &diofzipo; BotoEA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoSS.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoOA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoMS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoKM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoCM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoSM.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoYL.pngBoto&L.pngBotoDE.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoFM.pngBotoZM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngFile:BotoPE.pngBotoOA.png
And every fair from fair sometime declines, E Sul-&-zlit moltliknilo &diofzi, BotoEA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoSS.pngBotoUL.pngBotoLE.pngBoto&A.pngBotoZS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTE.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoMS.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoTM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLE.pngBotoOA.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoFM.pngBotoZM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNE.png
By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed: Ti-flivini lim ti-retnaîni εdε-alenino-fnelȝ, beofzinino: BotoTS.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoFM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoVM.pngBotoNE.pngBotoIA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoLS.pngBotoIL.pngBotoME.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoTS.pngBotoIL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoRM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoNM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoYL.pngBotoNE.pngBotoIA.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDS.pngBoto&L.pngBotoLine.pngBotoAL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoFM.pngBotoNM.pngBotoEL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoKE.pngBotoSkip.pngFile:BotoBS.pngBotoEL.pngBotoOL.pngBotoFM.pngBotoZM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoNE.pngBotoOA.png 8
Q3 But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Iliî Dama-sultlikino-claȝε &diofzifubobe, BotoIA.pngBotoLS.pngBotoIL.pngBotoJE.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoSM.pngBotoUL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoTM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoNM.pngBotoOL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoCM.pngBotoLM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoKE.pngBoto&A.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoOL.pngBotoFM.pngBotoZM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoFM.pngBotoUL.pngFile:BotoBM.pngBotoOL.pngFile:BotoBE.pngBotoEA.png
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Belim Zamat, de-cεdi Zliti Datihεokε, &diaȝijafubo File:BotoBS.pngBotoEL.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoME.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoZS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoMM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTE.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoDS.pngBotoEL.pngBotoLine.pngBotoCM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoDE.pngBotoIA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoZS.pngBotoLM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoTE.pngBotoIA.pngBotoSkip.pngBotoDS.pngBotoAL.pngBotoTM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoHM.pngBoto&L.pngBotoOL.pngBotoKE.pngBoto&A.pngBotoSkip.pngBoto&A.pngBotoDM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoAL.pngBotoKM.pngBotoIL.pngBotoJM.pngBotoAL.pngBotoFM.pngBotoUL.pngFile:BotoBE.pngBotoOA.png
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: 12
C ㅤSo long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
ㅤSo long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 14
  1. ↑ Divlin is the 2nd traditional month out of 8-month cycle of the Borelian calendar, that corresponds to first half of April and all of May. Alternative term may be "Maî", taken from Common

  1. ↑ Krenyan language developed as a branch from Gadori germanic language mixture with Common. Dictionary: Common-Krenyan; Krenyan-Common
    Alphabet: Aa Ææ Bb Cc Dd Ðð Ee Ff Gg Ȝȝ Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Ŋŋ Oo Pp Qq Rr Ssſ Tt Þþ Uu Vv Ƿƿ Xx Yy Zz
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