Borelian language

Borelian
Borelan, Bolanic
Borεnli - File:BotoBS.png
Ethnic flag of Borelians
Pronunciation	/bɔɾənʟɪ/
Native to	Zhousheng Storvan Autonomy Borelian district Eastern district
Region	Storvan island
Ethnicity	Storvani aboriginals
Native speakers	L1: ~530,000 L2: ~230,000 FL: <50,000
Language family	Bornese Borelian
Early forms	Old Borelian
Standard forms	Great Borelian Corpus
Writing system	Latin alphabet Boto script
Official status
Official language in	Zhousheng Storvan Autonomy
Recognised minority language in	Zhousheng Sekidean Union
Language codes
ISO 639-1	BL
ISO 639-2	BOL
ISO 639-3	BOL
Distribution of the language   Absolute majority   >30% of native speakers

The Borelian language is one of the three Bornese languages, which are language isolate family, spoken by the aboriginals on the island of Storvan, it is recognized as a official language of the Storvan Autonomy and a minority language in Zhousheng.

Alphabet

Alphabetic version:

A a /a/	B b /b/	C c /ʃ/	D d /d/	E e /ɛ/	F f /f/	G g /g/	H h /ɦ/	I i /ɪ/	Î î /ʝ/
J j /ʒ/	K k /k/	Ȝ ȝ /χ/	L l /ʟ ~ l/	M m /m/	N n /n/	O o /ɔ/	P p /p/	Q q /q ~ kv/	R r /ʀ ~ ɾ/
S s /s/	T t /t/	U u /u/	V v /v/	Ƿ ƿ /ʋ/	X x /ks/	Y y /ɨ/	Z z /z/	& ε /ə/	- -Silent-

Boto version:

File:BotoBS.png File:BotoBM.png File:BotoBE.png /b/	File:BotoPS.png File:BotoPM.png File:BotoPE.png /p/	/d/	/t/	/v/	/f/	/g/	/k ~ x/	/ɦ/
/m/	/n/	/ʀ ~ ɾ/	/ʟ ~ l/	/s/	/z/	/ʃ/	/ʒ/	/a/
/ə/	/ɛ/	/ɪ/	/ʝ/	/ɔ/	/u/	-Silent-	-Space-	-Period-

Note: The letter Î/ was very often ignored and written as I/

Detailed table

Alphabetic version Boto version Protopolyash version IPA Symbol Example of a common word with the sound 1 A a Ⲁ ⲁ /a/ After 2 B b File:BotoBS.png File:BotoBM.png File:BotoBE.png Ⲃ ⲃ /b/ Label 3 C c Ϣ ϣ /ʃ/ Show 4 D d Ⲇ ⲇ /d/ Done 5 E e Ⲉ ⲉ /ɛ/ Bed (General American accent) 6 F f Ⲫ ⲫ /f/ Fine 7 G g Ⲅ ⲅ /g/ Game 8 H h Ϩ ϩ /ɦ/ Hello 9 I i Ⲓ ⲓ /ɪ/ Bit (General American) Î î /ʝ/ 10 J j Ϭ ϭ /ʒ/ Pleasure 11 K k Ⲕ ⲕ /k/ Key Ȝ ȝ Ⲭ ⲭ /χ/ Loch Ness 12 L l Ⲗ ⲗ /ʟ/ Middle (Southern US accent) 13 M m Ⲙ ⲙ /m/ Mother 14 N n Ⲛ ⲛ /n/ Month 15 O o Ⲟ ⲟ /ɔ/ Not 16 P p File:BotoPS.png File:BotoPM.png File:BotoPE.png Ⲡ ⲡ /p/ Play 17 Q q — — /q/ ~ /k͡v/ Caught 18 R r Ⲣ ⲣ /ʀ/ Red 19 S s Ⲥ ⲥ /s/ Surprise 20 T t Ⲧ ⲧ /t/ Time 21 U u Ⲩ ⲩ /u/ Boot 22 V v Ⲯ ⲯ /v/ Valve 23 Ƿ ƿ W w — — /ʋ/ Vine (Indian accent) 24 X x — — /k͡s/ A bigram of /k/ and /s/, for example in Maximal 25 Y y — — /ɨ/? Lip (London accent)? 26 Z z Ⲍ ⲍ /z/ Zoo 27 & ε Ⲱ ⲱ /ə/ Bird ?1 - - -Silent symbol- Used for connection between linked words ?2 Symbol for a stop between words ?3 . . Used on the end of the sentence

Controversy about alphabet systems

Yogh (Ȝ)

Ȝ ȝ
Ȝ ȝ

Although the latin alphabet is now the most used alphabet for the Borelian language, some people have criticised the distinction (or lack of, depending on what side of the argument the person supports) between k and ȝ. Although the phonemes /k/ and /χ/ are interchangable in Borelian, they are sometimes distinguished in multiple accents, which lead to the distinction of the two phonemes in the alphabet. As of now, Yogh (Ȝ) is a optional character, you can, but are not required to write (many people replace it with K).

The usage of "K" and "Ȝ" is highly personal as it is differentiates in dialects. The official "literal" Borelian has a distingtion, but many dialects do not.

Ampersand (&)

& ε
& ε

Ampersand has been included in the alphabet as the 27th/28th character, with a miniscule ε (simplified from ɛ̗́), which may make the language visually difficult for non-borelians.

Multiple linguists proposed the change in the writing system, replacing Ampersand (&) with the letter Schwa (Ә), which was already implemented in the Storvani language in 1930's. As of now, the proposal is opposed by the majority of the populace as well as the office for literal language. The support for this movement however still rises, as the Ampersand is visually difficult to write correctly when making quick notes.

There was a ironic movement to replace the mniscule ε with ﹠, however, nobody has taken it seriously due to the complexity of the letter.

Ɛ ɛ
Ɛ ɛ

The most favored change is, however, writing the &-ε pair as a Ɛ-ɛ. Proponents of this view spearhead following reasons:

• Ɛ-ɛ would simplify the language, as there would be one less character to be learned in school
• Ɛ-ɛ would make the writing easier, because & is hard to write in a fast notetaking
• Ɛ-ɛ would better represent the sound, which is closest sound to E-e pair

Wynn (Ƿ)

Ƿ ƿ
Ƿ ƿ

Similar problem exists with the letter for the phoneme /ʋ/, which is not present in Borelian alphabet. While originally, the letter Wynn (Ƿ) was used on all occasions, same as in the Zhoushi language and by proxy by influence from the Storvani language, which in turn took it from Krenyan alphabet, but later, with the rise of the internet, letter "W" became more wide spread because of the adresses starting with "www.". This problem was later solved by auto-redirecting system update, which allowed users to type "ƿƿƿ." and it automatically redirected to "www."

Phonology

Place Manner	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postal-veolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥ ()	m ()							n̥ ()	n ()
Plosive	p (File:BotoPM.png)	b (File:BotoBM.png)							t ()	d ()			ʈ ()	ɖ ()			k ()	g ()	q ()
Sibilant fricative									s ()	z ()	ʃ ()	ʒ ()
Non-sibilant fricative			f ()	v ()												ʝ ()	x ()	ɣ ()	χ ()				h ()	ɦ ()
Approximant				ʋ ()												j ()
Tap/Flap									ɾ̥ ()	ɾ ()									ʀ̥ ()	ʀ ()
Trill									r̥ ()	r ()
Latelar approximant										l ()								ʟ ()

Tongue position	Front		Near-front		Central		Near-back		Back
Close	i ()				ɨ ()					u ()
Near-close			ɪ ()
Close-mid	e ()									o ()
Mid					ə ()
Open-mid	ɛ ()								ʌ ()	ɔ ()
Near-open
Open	a ()								ɑ ()
Diphthong	u͡ɪ
Long vowels	aː ~ ɛː ~ ɪː ~ ɔː ~ əː ~ uː

Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation

Grammar

Main article: Borelian grammar

Predicate-subject complex

While the Borelian language does not have a seperate predicate and subject in sentence, it has one word, which is both a noun phrase and a verb phrase (so called Predicate-subject complex). It is created out of a subjectual prefix, verbal (predicate) root and a optional adjustment suffix.

Subject prefix

Borelian has three grammatical cases for the complex:

• Subjective
• Objective
• Possessive

The predicate-subject complex can be distinguished from other forms of other complexes, as it uses the predicate term in subjective case.

Predicate root

TBA

Suffixes

Predicate-subject complex has three suffixes, that are added to denote tense, mood and situation respectively. The first suffix (the one closest to the root) denotes tense, the middle suffix denotes mood and the last suffix denotes situation.

Tense suffix

Borelian language has 15 tenses, subdivided into 3 groups:

• Past tenses
  • Preterite (Simple past) - Suffix -ba
  • Past progressive - Suffix -base
  • Pluperfect simple - Suffix -bari
  • Pluperfect progressive - Suffix -barε
  • Past repetetive - Suffix -bapo
• Present tenses
  • Simple present - No suffix
  • Present progressive - Suffix -se
  • Present perfect - Suffix -ri
  • Present perfect progressive - Suffix -rε
  • Present repetetive - Suffix -po
• Future tenses
  • Simple future - Suffix -fu
  • Future progressive - Suffix -fuse
  • Future perfect - Suffix -furi
  • Future perfect progressive - Suffix -furε
  • Future repetetive - Suffix -fupo

Only tenses no present in Common are the repetetives, which denote a action, that happened multiple times in the said time horizon. Such as "Zataribapo" means literally "I used to win (a lot)".

Mood suffix

Borelian language has 5 grammatical moods:

• Indicative - No suffix
• Imperative - Suffix -ti
• Conditional - Suffix -bo
• Questional Indicative - Suffix -ȝa
• Questional Conditional - Suffix -boȝa

Situation suffix

Situational suffix can show multiple adjusting information:

• Negation - Suffix -be
• Doubt - Suffix -pε
• Possibility - Suffix -sa
• Passivity - Suffix -mε

(multiple of those can be used at the same time, there is no rule on the sequence in which those must be used)

Nouns

Nouns in Borelian have 2 genders:

• Masculine - End with a vowel
• Feminine - End with a consonant
• Indifferent - Impossible to distinguish a gender (End with I/Î)

It also has five grammatical cases for nouns:

• Subjective
• Objective
• Possessive
• Adjective
• Adverbative

And seven grades for nouns:

Grade	Prefix	Meaning	Example	Example translation
Negative	Be-	Object lacks the said property	Berutu	No friend of mine
Positive	—	Object has the said property	Rutu	A friend of mine
Comparative	Meî-	Object A has the said property more than Object B	Meîrutu rutuî	Better friend than that friend
Diminutive	Mol-	Object has very little of the said property	Molrutu	Bad/unreliable friend
Augmentative	Sti-	Object has a lot of the said property	Stirutu	Good friend
Excessive	Rεk-	Object has too much of the said property	Rεkrutu	Person acting excessively friendly
Superlative	Sul-	Object has the most of the said property	Sulrutu	The best friend

Possessive representation

A word can be "owned" by another word in possessive case, if the filler prefix "&dε-" is included. Nouns are not written with a capital character, unlike the complex, so in most cases, you would see a miniscule version "εdε-".

Example of the language

Sonnet 18 translation into Borelian:

	Common	Borelian (Alphabet)	Borelian (Boto)
Q1	Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?	Zakaviboȝa dati iz-claȝεdime-îuvaci?	File:BotoBM.png
	Thou art more lovely and more temperate:	Deba Fildi meîtulraîno- e meîhmarino-:	File:BotoBE.png
	Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,	Ȝrtiîno-Fucitic &ditεrcε tulratime-budeni εdεdivlini,	File:BotoBM.png
	And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:	E claȝεdi εdεdendu Zamabapo molklertino-îuvaci:	File:BotoBM.pngFile:BotoPE.png	4
Q2	Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,	Moltliknilo rεkclakino pnimadi εdεkukna &dizermε,	File:BotoPS.png
	And often is his gold complexion dimmed;	E stitliknilo Malkedime-canastiîεd &diofzipo;	File:BotoPE.png
	And every fair from fair sometime declines,	E Sul-&-zlit moltliknilo &diofzi,
	By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed:	Ti-flivini lim ti-retnaîni εdε-alenino-fnelȝ, beofzinino:	File:BotoBS.png	8
Q3	But thy eternal summer shall not fade,	Iliî Dama-sultlikino-claȝε &diofzifubobe,	File:BotoBM.pngFile:BotoBE.png
	Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;	Belim Zamat de-cεdi zliti datihεokε &diaȝijafubo;	File:BotoBS.pngFile:BotoBE.png
	Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade
	When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:			12
C	ㅤSo long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
	ㅤSo long lives this, and this gives life to thee.			14