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Zhoushi orthography

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The Zhoushi orthography (Zhoushi: Ʒөшinƌka orþografijє; Vealphk: Ʒȣшeŋчi orðografie) is a set of rules, that guide the written form of the Zhoushi language and which was reflected to the literary form of the Vealphk language.

Alphabet

Zhoushi alphabet
Ʒөшinƌka abєceda
WPMZhoushi.png
Type
Alphabet
Languages
Created1910
Published
1912
Parent systems

After the reform of 1912, when Bogmian language officially abandoned Protopolyash script in favor of the new Latin script, hoping to solve the problematic grammar, as multiple phonemes shared one symbol (such as "i" and "j" were both noted as "ⲓ") Three official versions of the new script had been made:

  • Grapheme version: This version was later adopted as the official alphabet of the new Zhoushi language in 1984, uses special symbols for each phoneme
  • Diacritic version: This version uses basic latin alphabet and solves the phonemes by adding diacritic symbols. Although still being recognized as a acceptable version of the language, it is barely used.
  • Digraph version: This version uses digraphs to sign specifical phonemes. It was dropped in early 1950's, as it didn't solve the main reason why Bogmians abandoned the Protopolyash script in the first place.

Zhoushi alphabet

Zhoushi, although not officially using it, sometimes used lenghtened marks for vowels and syllabic consonants. Those symbols were used in some historical transcripts, but were eventually faded in pre-1950's unification proposals and didn't make it into the official grammar of 1984.

A a
/a/
B b
/b/
C c
/ʦ/
Ч ч
/ʧ ~ ʨ/
D d
/d ~ ɖ/
Đ đ
/ɟ/
Ƌ ƌ
/ʣ/
E e
/ɛ/
Є є
/e/
F f
/f/
G g
/g/
Џ џ
/ʤ ~ ʥ/
H h
/ɦ ~ h/
Ȝ ȝ
/x/
I i
/i ~ ɪ/
J j
/j/
K k
/k/
L l
/l/
Λ λ
/ȴ/
M m
/m ~ m̥/
N n
/n ~ ɳ/
Ƞ ƞ
/ɲ/
O o
/o ~ ɔ/
Ө ө
/uo/
P p
/p/
Q q
/kv/
R r
/r ~ r̥/
Ꝛ ꝛ
/r̝ ~ r̝̊/
S s
/s/
Ш ш
/ʃ ~ ɕ/
T t
/t ~ ʈ/
Ꞇ ꞇ
/c/
Þ þ
/ð ~ θ/
U u
/u/
V v
/v/
Ƿ ƿ
/w ~ ʋ/
X x
/ks/
Y y
/ɨ ~ y/
Z z
/z/
Ʒ ʒ
/ʒ ~ ʑ/

Vealphk alphabet

A a
/a ~ ɑ/
B b
/b/
C c
/ʦ/
Ч ч
/ʧ ~ ʨ/
D d
/d/
Ð ð
/θ ~ tʰ/
E e
/ɛ ~ e/
Є є
/ʲe/
F f
/f ~ pʰ/
G g
/g/
H h
/h ~ ɦ/
Ȝ ȝ
/x ~ kʰ/
I i
/i/
J j
/j/
K k
/k/
L l
/l/
M m
/m ~ m̥/
N n
/n ~ ɳ/
Ɲ ɲ
/ɲ/
Ŋ ŋ
/ŋ/
O o
/o/
Ȣ ȣ
/uo/
P p
/p/
Q q
/kv ~ q/
R r
/r ~ r̥/
Ꝛ ꝛ
/r̝ ~ r̝̊/
S s
/s/
Ш ш
/ʃ ~ ɕ/
Ә ә
/ə/
T t
/t/
Ꞇ ꞇ
/c ~ cʰ/
U u
/u/
V v
/v/
Ƿ ƿ
/w ~ ʋ/
X x
/ks/
Y y
/ɨ/
Z z
/z/
Ʒ ʒ
/ʒ ~ ʑ/

/ʔ/
Origin Letters Total
Standard Latin A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, H, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, X, Y, Z 25
Extended Latin Đ (đ), Ð (ð), Ƌ, Ȝ, Ƞ, Ɲ, Ŋ, , , Þ, Ƿ, Ʒ 12
Govoric Ч, Џ, Ө, Ә, Ш 5
Hellenic Ȣ, Λ 2

Detailed table

Latin Protopolyash Glagolitic IPA Symbol Example of a common word with the sound
Official (Grapheme) Diacritic Digraph
1 A a A a A a About this sound/a/ After
Ā ā Aa aa About this sound/aː/ Ask
2 B b B b B b About this sound/b/ Label
3 C c C c C c ⲦⲤ ⲧⲥ About this sound/ʦ/ Its
4 Ч ч Č č Cz cz ⲦϢ ⲧϣ About this sound/ʧ/ Check
5 D d D d D D About this sound/d/ Done
6 Đ đ Ď ď Dj dj ⲆⲒ ⲇⲓ ⰄⰬ ⰴⱜ About this sound/ɟ/ Voiced palatal plosive (not in common)
7 Ƌ ƌ Dz dz ⲆⲌ ⲇⲍ About this sound/ʣ/ Voiced alveolar affricate (not in common)
8 E e E e E e About this sound/ɛ/ Bed (General American accent)
Ѥ ѥ Ē ē Ee ee About this sound/ɛː/ Air
9 Є є Ě ě Je je About this sound/e/ Bed (Australian accent)
Э э Ê ê Jee jee About this sound/eː/ Not in common. Example: "Jemand" in Sino-Gadorien language
10 F f F f F f About this sound/f/ Fine
11 G g G g G g About this sound/g/ Game
12 Џ џ Ǧ ǧ Dzx dzx Ϫ ϫ About this sound/ʤ/ Jam
13 H h H h H h Ϩ ϩ About this sound/ɦ/
About this sound/h/
Hello
14 Ȝ ȝ Ȟ ȟ Ch ch About this sound/x/ Velar fricative (not in common: examples: voiceless / voiced)
15 I i I i I i About this sound/i/
About this sound/ɪ/
Free / Bit (General American)
Ī ī Ii ii About this sound/iː/
About this sound/ɪː/
Wheel
16 J j J j J j About this sound/j/ You
17 K k K k K k About this sound/k/ Key
18 L l L l L l About this sound/l/ Later
Ł ł Ĺ ĺ About this sound/l̩/ Not in common. Example: "Vlk" in Velnotian language
19 Λ λ Ľ ľ Lj lj ⲖⲒ ⲗⲓ ⰎⰬ ⰾⱜ About this sound/ȴ/ Million
Л л About this sound/ȴ̩/ Not in common
20 M m M m M m ⰿ About this sound/m/ Mother
ʍ ʍ ḿ About this sound/m̩/ Impressionism
21 N n N n N n About this sound/n/ Month
22 Ƞ ƞ Ň ň Nj nj ⲚⲒ ⲛⲓ ⰐⰬ ⱀⱜ About this sound/ɲ/ New
23 O o O o O o About this sound/o/
About this sound/ɔ/
Yawn / Not
Ō ō Oo oo About this sound/oː/
About this sound/ɔː/
Alright
24 Ө ө Ǒ ǒ Uo uo /u͡o/ Not in common. Example: "Kôň" in Slovanic language
Ô ô Uoo uoo /u͡oː/ Not in common
25 P p P p P p About this sound/p/ Play
26 Q q Q q Q q ⲔⲮ ⲕⲯ ⰍⰂ ⰽⰲ /k͡v/ A bigram of /k/ and /v/, for example in Question
27 R r R r R r About this sound/r/ Bright
Ԗ ԗ Ŕ ŕ About this sound/r̩/ Not in common. Example: "Krk" in Velnotian language
28 Ř ř Rz rz ⲢⲒ ⲣⲓ ⰓⰬ ⱃⱜ About this sound/r̝/
About this sound/r̝̊/
Voiced and voiceless raised alveolar fricative trills (not in common)
29 S s S s S s About this sound/s/ Surprise
30 Ш ш Š š Sz sz Ϣ ϣ About this sound/ʃ/ Show
31 T t T t T t About this sound/t/ Time
32 Ť ť Tj tj Ϯ ϯ ⰕⰬ ⱅⱜ About this sound/c/ Voiceless palatal plosive (not in common)
33 Þ þ Th th About this sound/ð/
About this sound/θ/
This / Thin
34 U u U u U u About this sound/u/ Boot
Ɯ ɯ Ū ū Uu uu About this sound/uː/ Doom
35 V v V v V v About this sound/v/ Valve
36 Ƿ ƿ W w Ƿ ƿ W w Ϥ ϥ About this sound/w/
About this sound/ʋ/
Weep
37 X x X x X x ⰍⰔ ⰽⱄ /k͡s/ A bigram of /k/ and /s/, for example in Maximal
38 Y y Y y Y y ⲒⲨ ⲓⲩ About this sound/ɨ/ Lip (London accent)
ỿ Ȳ ȳ Yy yy About this sound/ɨː/ Not in common. Example: "Über" in Sino-Gadorien language
39 Z z Z z Z z About this sound/z/ Zoo
40 Ʒ ʒ Ž ž Zx zx Ϭ ϭ About this sound/ʒ/ Pleasure

Proposed changes

Replacement of Ө

U͡O U͡o u͡o
U͡O U͡o u͡o

Some scholars proposed replacing the letter Ө with a digraph U͡O (letters U and O joined with a tie). This change is highly controversial and mostly unsupported, as it would complicate the orthography, as it would introduce a diacritic mark to the language.

Additional symbols

Zhoushi language, however, has multiple characters, that symbolize a concept and are regulairly used in a language:

Symbol Zhoushi term Common translation Note
& / ɛ̗́ / 🙰 Aj And A symbol, that can be used as "and" in sentence
Ӿ Xajλis Xailis Former currency of Zhousheng before adoption of Sekinar
Seꞇien Seten Former subdivision of a currency of Zhousheng before adoption of Sekinar
Sekinar Sekinar Symbol for Sekinar
ֆ Rovaƞ Rovan Symbol for a subdivision of Sekinar
⳩ / ☧ Jeʒiш
Bөg
Jesus
God
Symbol used to depict Jesus or God, which is sometimes used in writing by religious people
Чislo Number Symbol used for denoting cardinal numbers
# Symbol used for denoting ordinal numbers
Meƌimƞena Intercurrency Symbol for ACU (Anterian Currency Unit)
Niч Nothing Symbol for empty set

Punctuation

Following punctuation marks are officially recognized by Zhoushi language:

Symbol Name Meaning Usage Example
. Bodka End of sentence OFTEN I ate a banana.
, Чarka End of a part of a sentence OFTEN I ate a banana, puked afterwards.
! Vykꝛiчƞik Exclamation mark OFTEN Eat that banana!
? Tazaƞik Question mark OFTEN Did you eat that banana?
Obөjƞik Interrobang SOMETIMES You ate all the bananas‽
Retoriчƞik Rhetorical question mark SOMETIMES Can't I stop myself from eating bananas⸮
Point de doute (Hervé Bazin).svg Poȝybƞik Doubt mark RARELY That banana raised my blood pressurePoint de doute (Hervé Bazin).svg
Point de conviction (Hervé Bazin).svg Utoчƞik Conviction mark RARELY That banana intentionally raised my blood pressurePoint de conviction (Hervé Bazin).svg
Ironiezeichen CPNB.svg Vaʒeƞik Irony mark RARELY I love bananas sooo much I could eat them 25 hours a dayIroniezeichen CPNB.svg

Keyboard version (Zhoushi)

They keyboard uses a classical QǷERTY keyboard overlay, but due to the other layer above it, it is sometimes intentionally called ꞆÞЄШЧꝚ.

Keyboard overlay with Shift (⇧) turned on
Þ Є Ш Ч Ʒ Đ Ƌ Ƞ Ȝ %
Q Ƿ E R T Y U I O P Ө Џ (
A S D F G H J K L Λ '
Z X C V B N M ? ! :
Space
Keyboard overlay with Shift (⇧) turned off
þ є ш ч ʒ đ ƌ ƞ ȝ = +
q ƿ e r t y u i o p ө џ )
a s d f g h j k l λ '
z x c v b n m , . -
Space
Keyboard overlay with Alt (⎇) turned on
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
W w ֆ < > ÷ × Ȣ ȣ
ſ [ ]
Ӿ & ε Ә ә
Space

Complete overlay

🖮 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 Fᚴ Fⵒ Fᘐ
G1 þ є ш ч ʒ đ ƌ ƞ ȝ = + -
G2 q ƿ e r t y u i o p ө џ ) 7 8 9 +
G3 a s d f g h j k l λ ' 4 5 6
G4 z x c v b n m , . - 1 2 3
G5 Space 0 ,

Keyboard version (Vealphk)

They keyboard uses a classical QǷERTY keyboard overlay, but due to the other layer above it, it is sometimes intentionally called ꞆÐЄШЧꝚ.

Keyboard overlay with Shift (⇧) turned on
Ð Є Ш Ч Ʒ Ә Ŋ Ɲ Ȝ %
Q Ƿ E R T Y U I O P Ȣ ʔ (
A S D F G H J K L '
Z X C V B N M ? ! :
Space
Keyboard overlay with Shift (⇧) turned off
ð є ш ч ʒ ә ŋ ɲ ȝ = +
q ƿ e r t y u i o p ȣ )
a s d f g h j k l '
z x c v b n m , . -
Space
Keyboard overlay with Alt (⎇) turned on
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
W w ֆ < > ÷ × Ө ө
ſ [ ]
Ӿ & ε Þ þ
Space
F key layer (with Zhoushi numerals)
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 Fᚴ Fⵒ Fᘐ

Study version

Usage of G/H in Ꚕ
Usage of Î a Ĵ
Usage of O/E in Œ
Usage of V/W in Ʋ
Usage of long vowels
Pronunciation of Ą, Ę, Ų

Because of the wideness of the language and a set of different dialects, a special characters have been created for foreign people to learn the Zhoushi language. Those characters will be used in the inflection tables in this article, although in Zhoushi, they are replaced by their respective characters

Symbol Standart IPA Placement
Ā ā A a Macron is added in noun & adjective inflections for suffix vowels
Ą ą A a a ~ ə Ogonek is added in verbs for sounds reducted into Mid central vowel (/ə/)
Ē ē E e ɛː Macron is added in noun & adjective inflections for suffix vowels
Ę ę E e ɛ ~ ə Ogonek is added in verbs for sounds reducted into Mid central vowel (/ə/)
Ê ê E e ɛ ~ ◌ Used for noun & adjective inflections, where j can, but doesn't need to, be included
Є̄ є̄ Є є Macron is added in noun & adjective inflections for suffix vowels
G g H h g ~ ɦ ~ h Used in adjective inflections, as both g and h are grammatically correct
Ī ī I i iː ~ ɪː Macron is added in noun & adjective inflections for suffix vowels
Î î I i i ~ ɪ ~ ◌ Used for noun & adjective inflections, where i can, but doesn't need to, be included
Ĵ ĵ J j j ~ ◌ Used for noun & adjective inflections, where j can, but doesn't need to, be included
Ō ō O o oː ~ ɔː Macron is added in noun & adjective inflections for suffix vowels
Ө̄ ө̄ Ө ө u͡oː Macron is added in noun & adjective inflections for suffix vowels
Œ œ E e O o o ~ ɔ ~ ɛ Used in adjective inflections, as both e and o are grammatically correct
Þ þ ð Used as a modified version of Thorn (Þ) to denote only Voiced version of the sound
Ū ū U u Macron is added in noun & adjective inflections for suffix vowels
Ų ų U u u ~ ə Ogonek is added in verbs for sounds reducted into Mid central vowel (/ə/)
Û û U u u ~ ◌ Used for noun & adjective inflections, where j can, but doesn't need to, be included
Ʋ ʋ V v Ƿ ƿ v ~ w ~ ʋ Used in adjective inflections, as both v and ƿ are grammatically correct
Ȳ ȳ Y y ɨː Macron is added in noun & adjective inflections for suffix vowels
Ŷ ŷ Y y ɨ ~ ◌ Used for noun & adjective inflections, where j can, but doesn't need to, be included
A a
/a/
Ā ā
/aː/
Ą ą
/a ~ ə/
B b
/b/
C c
/ts/
Ч ч
/tʃ/
D d
/d/
Đ đ
/ɟ/
Ƌ ƌ
/dz/
E e
/ɛ/
Ē ē
/ɛː/
Ę ę
/ɛ ~ ə/
Ê ê
/ɛ ~ ◌/
Є є
/e/
Є̄ є̄
/eː/
F f
/f/
G g
/ɡ/
Џ џ
/dʒ/
H h
/h ~ ɦ/
Ꚕ ꚕ
/ɦ ~ ɡ/
Ȝ ȝ
/x/
I i
/i/
Ī ī
/iː/
Î î
/i ~ ◌/
J j
/j/
Ĵ ĵ
/j ~ ◌/
K k
/k/
L l
/l/
Λ λ
/ȴ/
M m
/m/
N n
/n/
Ƞ ƞ
/ɲ/
O o
/o ~ ɔ/
Ō ō
/oː ~ ɔː/
Ө ө
/uo/
Ө̄ ө̄
/uoː/
Œ œ
/ɛ ~ ɔ/
P p
/p/
Q q
/kv/
R r
/r/
Ꝛ ꝛ
/r̝/
S s
/s/
Ш ш
/ʃ/
T t
/t/
Ꞇ ꞇ
/c/
Þ þ
/θ/
Ꝥ ꝥ
/ð/
U u
/u/
Ū ū
/uː/
Ų ų
/u ~ ə/
Û û
/u ~ ◌/
V v
/v/
Ʋ ʋ
/v ~ w/
Ƿ ƿ
/w/
X x
/ks/
Y y
/ɨ/
Ȳ ȳ
/ɨː/
Ŷ ŷ
/ɨ ~ ◌/
Z z
/z/
Ʒ ʒ
/ʒ/


Braille

Zhoushi-Vealphk Braille alphabet
Braille A1.svg
A a
Braille B2.svg
B b
Braille C3.svg
C c
Braille AND.svg
Ч ч
Braille D4.svg
D d
Braille Û.svg
Đ đ
Braille Ï.svg
Ƌ ƌ
Braille E5.svg
E e
Braille Ë.svg
Є є
Braille F6.svg
F f
Braille G7.svg
G g
Braille Å.svg
Џ џ
Braille H8.svg
H h
Braille Ü.svg
Ȝ ȝ
Braille I9.svg
I i
Braille J0.svg
J j
Braille K.svg
K k
Braille L.svg
L l
Braille Ö.svg
Λ λ
Braille M.svg
M m
Braille N.svg
N n
Braille Ù.svg
Ƞ ƞ/Ɲ ɲ
Braille Ò.svg
Ŋ ŋ
Braille O.svg
O o
Braille Ô.svg
Ө ө/Ȣ ȣ
Braille P.svg
P p
Braille Q.svg
Q q
Braille R.svg
R r
Braille É.svg
Ꝛ ꝛ
Braille S.svg
S s
Braille SH.svg
Ш ш
Braille Ê.svg
Ә ә
Braille T.svg
T t
Braille Ä.svg
Ꞇ ꞇ
Braille È.svg
Þ þ
Braille U.svg
U u
Braille V.svg
V v
Braille W.svg
Ƿ ƿ
Braille X.svg
X x
Braille Y.svg
Y y
Braille Z.svg
Z z
Braille ST.svg
Ʒ ʒ
Braille Apostrophe.svg

Zhoushi vs. Vealphk

Despite the similarity, Zhoushi and Vealphk languages have some differences in orthography:

Zhoushi Vealphk IPA Zhoushi Vealphk IPA Zhoushi Vealphk IPA Zhoushi Vealphk IPA
A a A a a ~ ɑ Џ џ d͡ʒ Ŋ ŋ ŋ Ꞇ ꞇ Ꞇ ꞇ c
B b B b b H h H h h ~ ɦ O o O o ɔ ~ o Þ þ Ð ð ð ~ θ
C c C c t͡s Ȝ ȝ Ȝ ȝ x Ө ө Ȣ ȣ u͡o U u U u u
Ч ч Ч ч t͡ʃ I i I i i ~ ɪ P p P p p V v V v v
D d D d d ~ ɖ J j J j j Q q Q q k͡v Ƿ ƿ Ƿ ƿ w
Đ đ ɟ K k K k k R r R r r ~ X x X x k͡s
Ƌ ƌ d͡z L l L l l Ꝛ ꝛ Ꝛ ꝛ ~ r̝̊ Y y Y y ɨ ~ y
E e E e ɛ Λ λ ȴ S s S s s Z z Z z z
Є є Є є e M m M m m Ш ш Ш ш ʃ ~ ɕ Ʒ ʒ Ʒ ʒ ʒ ~ ʑ
F f F f f N n N n n Ә ә ə ʔ
G g G g ɡ Ƞ ƞ Ɲ ɲ ɲ T t T t t ~ ʈ Đđ & Ðð have the same capital

Transliteration

There is a semi-official modern digraph version that ties to the semi-official Common transliteration

Zhoushi Vealphk Digraph Common Zhoushi Vealphk Digraph Common Zhoushi Vealphk Digraph Common Zhoushi Vealphk Digraph Common
A a A a A a A a Џ џ Dzs dzs J j Ŋ ŋ Ng ng Ng ng Ꞇ ꞇ Ꞇ ꞇ Tj tj Ty ty
B b B b B b B b H h H h H h H h O o O o O o O o Þ þ Ð ð Th th Th th
C c C c Ts ts Ts ts Ȝ ȝ Ȝ ȝ Ch ch Gh gh Ө ө Ȣ ȣ Uo uo Uo uo U u U u U u U u
Ч ч Ч ч Cz cz Ch ch I i I i I i I i P p P p P p P p V v V v V v V v
D d D d D d D d J j J j J j Y y Q q Q q Q q Q q Ƿ ƿ Ƿ ƿ W w W w
Đ đ Dj dj Dy dy K k K k K k K k R r R r R r R r X x X x X x X x
Ƌ ƌ Dz dz Dz dz L l L l L l L l Ꝛ ꝛ Ꝛ ꝛ Rz rz Rzh rzh Y y Y y Y y Ue ue
E e E e E e E e Λ λ Lj lj Ly ly S s S s S s S s Z z Z z Z z Z z
Є є Є є Ie ie Ye ye M m M m M m M m Ш ш Ш ш Sz sz Sh sh Ʒ ʒ Ʒ ʒ Zs zs Zh zh
F f F f F f F f N n N n N n N n Ә ә Oe oe Oe oe
G g G g G g G g Ƞ ƞ Ɲ ɲ Nj nj Ny ny T t T t T t T t Đđ & Ðð have the same capital