Bogmian language: Difference between revisions
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The letter Ĥ was later introduced to distinguish the sound of /ɦ/ from foreign words from the sound /x/. Example of the usage may be the word ''ĥistorie'' (history), which is read as /ɦɪstorijɛ/. | The letter Ĥ was later introduced to distinguish the sound of /ɦ/ from foreign words from the sound /x/. Example of the usage may be the word ''ĥistorie'' (history), which is read as /ɦɪstorijɛ/. | ||
Historically, multiple variants were developed, including a [[wikipedia:Cyrillic script|govoric]] one: | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
![[wikipedia:Coptic alphabet|Protopolyash]] !![[wikipedia:Cyrillic script|Govoric]] !![[wikipedia:Latin script|Latin]] !![[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA Sound]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲁ ⲁ ||А а ||A a ||[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲁ ⲁ ||А́ а́ ||Á á ||[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|aː]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲃ ⲃ ||Б б ||B b ||[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲅ ⲅ ||Г г ||G g ||[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲇ ⲇ ||Д д ||D d ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] | |||
|- | |||
|ⲆⲒ ⲇⲓ ||Дь дь ||Dj dj ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal plosive|ɟ]] | |||
|- | |||
|ⲆⲌ ⲇⲍ ||Ѕ ѕ ||Dz dz ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar affricate|d͡z]] | |||
|- | |||
|ⲆϬ ⲇϭ ||Џ џ ||Dž dž ||[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲉ ⲉ ||Е е ||E e ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲓⲉ ⲓⲉ ||Ѣ ѣ ||Ě ě ||[[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]][[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲍ ⲍ ||З з ||Z z ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲓ ⲓ ||И и ||I i ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲓ ⲓ ||И́ и́ ||Í í ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲓ ⲓ ||Й й ||J j ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | |||
|- | |||
|ⲒⲨ ⲓⲩ ||Ы ы ||Y y ||[[wikipedia:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] | |||
|- | |||
|ⲒⲨ ⲓⲩ ||Ы́ ы́ ||Ý ý ||[[wikipedia:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨː]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲕ ⲕ ||К к ||K k ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲗ ⲗ ||Л л ||L l ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]] | |||
|- | |||
|ⲖⲒ ⲗⲓ ||Љ љ ||Ľ ľ ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲙ ⲙ ||М м ||M m ||[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲛ ⲛ ||Н н ||N n ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]] | |||
|- | |||
|ⲚⲒ ⲛⲓ ||Њ њ ||Ň ň ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲟ ⲟ ||О о ||O o ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲟ ⲟ ||О́ о́ ||Ó ó ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔː]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲟ ⲟ ||Ө ө ||Ô ô ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]͡[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲡ ⲡ ||П п ||P p ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲣ ⲣ ||Р р ||R r ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|r]] | |||
|- | |||
|ⲢⲒ ⲣⲓ ||Ҏ ҏ ||Ř ř ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills#Voiced alveolar fricative trill|r̝]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲥ ⲥ ||С с ||S s ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲧ ⲧ ||Т т ||T t ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] | |||
|- | |||
|ⲦⲒ ⲧⲓ ||Ть ть ||Tj tj ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless palatal plosive|c]] | |||
|- | |||
|ⲦⲤ ⲧⲥ ||Ц ц ||C c ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar affricate|t͡s]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲩ ⲩ ||У у ||U u ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲩ ⲩ ||У́ у́ ||ú ú ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲫ ⲫ ||Ф ф ||F f ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲭ ⲭ ||Х х ||H h ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ⲯ ⲯ ||В в ||V v ||[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ϣ ϣ ||Ш ш ||Š š ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ϩ ϩ ||Ґ ґ ||Ĥ ĥ ||[[wikipedia:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ϫ ϫ ||Ч ч ||Č č ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] | |||
|- | |||
|Ϭ ϭ ||Ж ж ||Ž ž ||[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] | |||
|} | |||
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Revision as of 11:05, 13 June 2021
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Bogmian | |
---|---|
Bogmijština | |
![]() Flag of the former Kingdom of Bogmia | |
Pronunciation | /boɡmijʃcina/ |
Region | Slavic Belt in Thuadia |
Ethnicity | Pustogorian Bogmians |
Extinct | 1912 – 1940 in Bogmia[1]
Still alive in Tlhenget: L1: 75,820 L2: 12,500 FL: 45,000 |
Thuado-Thrismaran
| |
Official status | |
Recognised minority language in |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | BG |
ISO 639-2 | PBG |
ISO 639-3 | PBG |
![]() Distribution of the language
Absolute majority >30% of native speakers | |
The Pustogorian Bogmian language (Bogmian: Pustogorská Bogmijština), or simply referred to as Bogmian language (Bogmian: Bogmijština), or by its exile name referred to as the Pustogorian language (Bogmian: Pustogorština), is a language spoken in the Puste Gory (Mokhavian: Тлъенгетав Гаў, Common: Barren Mountains) area of the Nohchat Province of Qazhshava, which developed in a Bogmian community which fled Bogmia shortly after the Empire of Three Kings was formed.
History
The Bogmian language was the slavic language spoken in Bogmia, but after the integration with the Slavic Zhengian, it developed into the present day form of the Zhoushi language.
Alphabet
Although originally using the Protopolyashi script, Bogmian language in exile later developed an alphabet on its own. In an act of defiance, the Bogmians in exile developed a diacritic alphabet, which is in a strong contrast to the Zhoushi grapheme script. This alphabet uses four digraphs (dj, dz, dž and tj) and three diacritic markers: caron for softening (Č, Ě, Ľ, Ň, Ř, Š and Ž), circumflex for phonetic shifts (Ĥ and Ô) and accute for vowel lenghtening (Á, É, Í, Ó, Ú and Ý).
A a | Á á | B b | C c | Č č | D d | Dj dj | Dz dz | Dž dž | E e |
É é | Ě ě | F f | G g | H h | Ĥ ĥ | I i | Í í | J j | K k |
L l | Ľ ľ | M m | N n | Ň ň | O o | Ó ó | Ô ô | P p | Q q |
R r | Ř ř | S s | Š š | T t | Tj tj | U u | Ú ú | V v | Ƿ ƿ |
X x | Y y | Ý ý | Z z | Ž ž |
Order | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | — | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Majuscule | A | Á | B | C | Č | D | Dj | Dz | Dž | E | É | Ě | F | G | H | Ĥ | I | Í | J | K | L | Ľ | M |
Minuscule | a | á | b | c | č | d | dj | dz | dž | e | é | ě | f | g | h | ĥ | i | í | j | k | l | ľ | m |
IPA Sound | a | aː | b | t͡s | t͡ʃ | d | ɟ | d͡z | d͡ʒ | ɛ | ɛː | ʲe | f | g | x | ɦ | i | iː | j | k | l | ʎ | m |
Order | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | |
Majuscule | N | Ň | O | Ó | Ô | P | Q | R | Ř | S | Š | T | Tj | U | Ú | V | Ƿ | X | Y | Ý | Z | Ž | |
Minuscule | n | ň | o | ó | ô | p | q | r | ř | s | š | t | tj | u | ú | v | ƿ | x | y | ý | z | ž | |
IPA Sound | n | ɲ | ɔ | ɔː | u͡o | p | k͡v | r | r̝ | s | ʃ | t | c | u | uː | v | w | k͡s | ɨ | ɨː | z | ʒ |
The letter Ĥ was later introduced to distinguish the sound of /ɦ/ from foreign words from the sound /x/. Example of the usage may be the word ĥistorie (history), which is read as /ɦɪstorijɛ/.
Historically, multiple variants were developed, including a govoric one:
Protopolyash | Govoric | Latin | IPA Sound |
---|---|---|---|
Ⲁ ⲁ | А а | A a | a |
Ⲁ ⲁ | А́ а́ | Á á | aː |
Ⲃ ⲃ | Б б | B b | b |
Ⲅ ⲅ | Г г | G g | ɡ |
Ⲇ ⲇ | Д д | D d | d |
ⲆⲒ ⲇⲓ | Дь дь | Dj dj | ɟ |
ⲆⲌ ⲇⲍ | Ѕ ѕ | Dz dz | d͡z |
ⲆϬ ⲇϭ | Џ џ | Dž dž | d͡ʒ |
Ⲉ ⲉ | Е е | E e | ɛ |
Ⲓⲉ ⲓⲉ | Ѣ ѣ | Ě ě | ʲe |
Ⲍ ⲍ | З з | Z z | z |
Ⲓ ⲓ | И и | I i | i |
Ⲓ ⲓ | И́ и́ | Í í | iː |
Ⲓ ⲓ | Й й | J j | j |
ⲒⲨ ⲓⲩ | Ы ы | Y y | ɨ |
ⲒⲨ ⲓⲩ | Ы́ ы́ | Ý ý | ɨː |
Ⲕ ⲕ | К к | K k | k |
Ⲗ ⲗ | Л л | L l | l |
ⲖⲒ ⲗⲓ | Љ љ | Ľ ľ | ʎ |
Ⲙ ⲙ | М м | M m | m |
Ⲛ ⲛ | Н н | N n | n |
ⲚⲒ ⲛⲓ | Њ њ | Ň ň | ɲ |
Ⲟ ⲟ | О о | O o | ɔ |
Ⲟ ⲟ | О́ о́ | Ó ó | ɔː |
Ⲟ ⲟ | Ө ө | Ô ô | u͡o |
Ⲡ ⲡ | П п | P p | p |
Ⲣ ⲣ | Р р | R r | r |
ⲢⲒ ⲣⲓ | Ҏ ҏ | Ř ř | r̝ |
Ⲥ ⲥ | С с | S s | s |
Ⲧ ⲧ | Т т | T t | t |
ⲦⲒ ⲧⲓ | Ть ть | Tj tj | c |
ⲦⲤ ⲧⲥ | Ц ц | C c | t͡s |
Ⲩ ⲩ | У у | U u | u |
Ⲩ ⲩ | У́ у́ | ú ú | uː |
Ⲫ ⲫ | Ф ф | F f | f |
Ⲭ ⲭ | Х х | H h | x |
Ⲯ ⲯ | В в | V v | v |
Ϣ ϣ | Ш ш | Š š | ʃ |
Ϩ ϩ | Ґ ґ | Ĥ ĥ | ɦ |
Ϫ ϫ | Ч ч | Č č | t͡ʃ |
Ϭ ϭ | Ж ж | Ž ž | ʒ |
- ↑ Bogmian language in Bogmia developed into the Zhoushi language via the merger with Slavic Zhengian language, although some dialects are still linguistically close to the pure Bogmian spoken in the Tlhenget Mountain Range