Louzen language

Louzen language
Louzenish, Nordulevan
Lúzinʆina - Lúzinſký Âzyk
Flag of the Duchy of Louzeni
Pronunciation	/luːzinɕ͡ʧina/
Native to	Gadorien Duchy of Louzeni
Region	Slavic Belt in Thuadia
Ethnicity	Louzeni Slavs
Native speakers	L1: 5,812,000 L2: 2,317,000 FL: 520,000
Language family	Thuado-Thrismaran Zarav-Slavic Slavic Kento-Polyash Mustelarian subgroup Louzen language
Standard forms	Louzen language great wordbook
Dialects	Qash mixed dialects Louzeni Mountainous Haldenian
Writing system	Louzen Latin Alphabet
Official status
Official language in	Gadorien Duchy of Louzeni
Recognised minority language in	Zhousheng Central Region Gadorien Qazhshava Lakkathan Autonomous Rep. Autonomous Rep. of Sredna Gora Karakach Capital Region Mezhia Province Sekidean Union
Language codes
ISO 639-1	LI
ISO 639-2	LOI
ISO 639-3	LOI
Distribution of the language   Absolute majority   >30% of native speakers

The Louzen language is a Slavic language out of Kento-Polyash language group, which is a official language of the autonomous Duchy of Louzeni in Gadorien and is a recognized minority language in Zhousheng, Gadorien and Qazhshava

Introduction

The language has a slavic root and grammar, but has developed along with strong germanic influences, which shaped the grammar of the language. Unlike most of other slavic languages, Louzen maintained use of Dual as a grammatical number.

Orthography and Phonology

Alphabet

Main article: Louzen orthography

Although until the 18th century, Louzeni used Protopolyash script, the strong influence of Gadori germanic tribes using latin pushed it towards Latin script, which eventually became the most used script and eventually gained a linguistic monopoly in the middle of 19th century.

Until the rebirth movement in the end of 19th century, Louzen used only Graphemes to denote multiple sounds, which did not have a standard 26-alphabet letter given to them, but later, a system of diacritic marks was devised, creating a version, where any important phoneme is denoted by a single letter. Louzen, although not officially using it, sometimes used lenghtened marks for vowels and syllabic consonants. Those symbols were used in some historical transcripts, but were eventually faded in eary 1900's.

A a	Á á	Ä ä	Â â	B b	C c	Ċ ċ	D d	Ḋ ḋ	E e
É é	Ê ê	F f	G g	H h	Ḣ ḣ	I i	Í í	J j	K k
L l	Ŀ ŀ	M m	N n	Ṅ ṅ	O o	Ó ó	Ö ö	P p	Q q
R r	S s ſ	Ṡ ṡ ʃ	Ŝ ŝ ʆ	T t	Ṫ ṫ	U u	Ú ú	Ü ü	Û û
V v	Ƿ ƿ	X x	Y y	Ý ý	Z z	Ż ż

Order	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8		9		10		11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24
Majuscule	A	Á	Ä	Â	B	C	Ċ	D		Ḋ		E		É	Ê	F	G	H	Ḣ	I	Í	J	K	L	Ŀ	M	N
Minuscule	a	á	ä	â	b	c	ċ	d		ḋ		e		é	ê	f	g	h	ḣ	i	í	j	k	l	ŀ	m	n
IPA Sound	a	aː	æː	ʲa	b	t͡s	t͡ʃ	d		ɟ		ɛ		ɛː	ʲe	f	g	h	x	i	iː	j	k	l	ʎ	m	n
Order	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32		33		34		35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47
Majuscule	Ṅ	O	Ó	Ö	P	Q	R	S		Ṡ		Ŝ		T	Ṫ	U	Ú	Ü	Û	V	Ƿ	X	Y	Ý	Z	Ż
Minuscule	ṅ	o	ó	ö	p	q	r	s	ſ	ṡ	ʃ	ŝ	ʆ	t	ṫ	u	ú	ü	û	v	ƿ	x	y	ý	z	ż
IPA Sound	ɲ	ɔ	ɔː	œː	p	k͡v	r	s		ʃ		ɕ͡ʧ		t	c	u	uː	y	ʲu	v	w	k͡s	ɪ	ɪː	z	ʒ

Phonology

Place Manner	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postal-veolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥ (m)	m (m)							n̥ (n)	n (n)				ɳ (n)		ɲ (ṅ)
Plosive	p (p)	b (b)							t (t)	d (d)			ʈ (t)	ɖ (d)	c (ṫ)	ɟ (ḋ)	k (k)	g (g)	q (q)
Sibilant affricate									t͡s (c)	d͡z (dz)	t͡ʃ (ċ)	d͡ʒ (dż)	ʈ͡ʂ (ċ)	ɖ͡ʐ (dż)	t͡ɕ (ċ)	d͡ʑ (dż)
Sibilant fricative									s (s)	z (z)	ʃ (ṡ)	ʒ (ż)	ʂ (ṡ)	ʐ (ż)	ɕ (ṡ)	ʑ (ż)
Non-sibilant fricative			f (f)	v (v)												ʝ (j)	x (ḣ)	ɣ (ḣ)	χ (ḣ)				h (h)	ɦ (h)
Approximant				ʋ (ƿ)												j (j)		w (ƿ)
Trill									r̥ (r)	r (r)									ʀ̥ (r)	ʀ (r)
Latelar approximant										l (l)						ʎ (ŀ)

Tongue position	Front		Near-front		Central		Near-back		Back
Close	i (i)	y (ü)			ɨ (ü)					u (u)
Near-close			ɪ (y)
Close-mid	e (e)									o (o)
Mid					ə (e)
Open-mid	ɛ (e)	œ (ö)								ɔ (o)
Near-open	æ (ä)				ɐ (ä)
Open	a (a)								ɑ (a)	ɒ (a)
Diphthong	a͡u (au)
Long vowels	aː (á) ~ ɛː (é) ~ eː (é) ~ iː (í) ~ ɪː (ý) ~ oː (ó) ~ ɔː (ó) ~ œː (ö) ~ uː (ú) ~ ɨː (ü)

Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation

Historical phonetical shifts include:

• Disappearance of /rʲ/ and its replacement with /r/
• Phonetical shift /ɡ/ → /ɦ/
• Phonetical shift /ʲeː/ → /iː/, orthographically briefly denoted as jͤ in the baroque orthography
• Phonetical shift /ʊ͡ɔ/ → /uː/ (Equivalent to Scouse "Ò")
• Phonetical shift /ʊ͡ɔ/ → /œː/ (Equivalent to Sino-Gadori "Ö")
• Phonetical shift /ʃ͡ʧ/ → /ɕ͡ʧ/ (Equivalent to Volgin "Щ")
• Phonetical shift /r̩/ → /ær/, orthographically Ŕ → ÄR
• Phonetical shift /l̩/ → /ol/, orthographically Ĺ → OL
• Phonetical shift /m̩/ → /um/, orthographically Ḿ → UM
• Phonetical shift of any other syllabic consonant /◌̩/ → /e◌/
• Phonetical shift /ja/ → /ʲa/ in according to placement (Previously equivalent to Ꙗ)
• Phonetical shift /je/ → /ʲe/ in according to placement (Previously equivalent to Ѥ)
• Phonetical shift /ju/ → /ʲu/ in according to placement (Previously equivalent to Ю)

Grammar

Nouns

Grammatical gender

Zhoushi languages distinguishes a total of 3 grammatical genders, one being latter subdivided into animate and inanimate forms, although that doesn't change the rules on the usage, only works for listing the inflection patterns:

• Masculine (symbol ♂, letter M)
• Feminine (symbol ♀, letter F)
• Neuter (symbol ⚲, letter N)

Grammatical cases

Louzen langauge works with 3 grammatical numbers (singular, dual and plural) and 6 separate grammatical cases:

• Nominative (Imêník): Subject or a Predicate noun or adjectiv (Shorcut Nom., № 1)
• Genitive (Pridrżník): Possessive or partial direct object, without Subject (Shorcut Gen., № 2)
• Dative (Geŝník): Giving to Subject, phrases linked to certain verbs (Shorcut Dat., № 3)
• Accusative (Jednateŀník): Interract with Subject (see, hear, harass...) (Shorcut Acc., № 4)
• Locative (Míſtník): In Subject, on Subject, past Subject, nearby Subject, about Subject (Shorcut Loc., № 5)
• Instrumentative (Drużník): Using Subject, with Subject (Shorcut Ins., № 6)

Some forms of the Vocative (Zvučník) case still exist, making some of the scholars claim, that Louzen still has 7 cases. However, Vocative has not been generally used since 1910's.

There are 12 Inflection patterns (5 for Masculine, 4 for Feminine and 3 for Neuter)

Grammatical inflection

Translation to Common	Code	Singular						Dual						Plural
		Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Loc.	Ins.	Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Loc.	Ins.	Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Loc.	Ins.
Masculine
Brother	B	Brat	Brata	Bratu	Brata	Bratovi	Bratom	Brata	Brat	Bratám	Brata	Bratáḣ	Bratḣi	Brati	Bratú	Bratúm	Braty	Brateḣ	Bratmi
		∅	-a	-u	-a	-ovi	-om	-a	∅	-ám	-a	-áḣ	-ḣi	-i	-ú	-úm	-y	-eḣ	-mi
House	D	Döm	Dömy	Dömu	Döm	Dömu	Dömom	Dömy	Dömu	Dömoma	Dömê	Dömáḣ	Dömyma	Dömové	Dömú	Dömúm	Dömy	Dömêḣ	Dömami
		∅	-y	-u	∅	-u	-om	-y	-u	-oma	-ê	-áḣ	-yma	-ové	-ú	-úm	-y	-êḣ	-ami
Man	M	Muž	Muže	Muži	Muže	Muži	Mužem	Muža	Muž	Mužoma	Mužém	Mužaḣ	Mužmi	Muži	Mužú	Mužúm	Muže	Mužíḣ	Mužma
		∅	-e	-i	-e	-i	-em	-a	∅	-oma	-ém	-aḣ	-mi	-i	-ú	-úm	-e	-íḣ	-ma
Country	K	Kraj	Kraja	Kraji	Kraja	Kraji	Krajom	Kraja	Kraju	Krajoma	Krajê	Krajaḣ	Krajoma	Kraje	Krajú	Krajom	Kraje	Krajáḣ	Krajmi
		∅	-a	-i	-a	-i	-om	-a	-u	-oma	-ê	-aḣ	-oma	-e	-ú	-om	-e	-áḣ	-mi
Stone	A	Kámen	Kámene	Kámeni	Kámen	Kámeni	Kámenem	Kámena	Kámenu	Kámenama	Kámena	Kámeneḣ	Kámeni	Kámeny	Kámenêv	Kámenúm	Kámeny	Kámeníḣ	Kámeny
		∅	-e	-i	∅	-i	-em	-a	-u	-ama	-a	-eḣ	-i	-y	-êv	-úm	-y	-íḣ	-y
Feminine
Woman	Z	Żena	Żeny	Żenê	Żenu	Żenê	Żenau	Żenê	Żenu	Żenama	Żenê	Żeníḣ	Żenimê	Żeny	Żen	Żenám	Żeny	Żenáḣ	Żenami
		-a	-y	-ê	-u	-ê	-au	-ê	-u	-ama	-ê	-íḣ	-imê	-y	∅	-ám	-y	-áḣ	-ami
Hope	N	Nadêlâ	Nadêlê	Nadêli	Nadêlû	Nadêli	Nadêŀü	Nadêlê	Nadêlû	Nadêlâ	Nadêlê	Nadêlâḣ	Nadêlimê	Nadêlê	Nadêlê	Nadêlâm	Nadêlê	Nadêlíḣ	Nadêŀjáḣ
		-â	-ê	-i	-û	-i	-ü	-ê	-u	-a	-ê	-âḣ	-imê	-ê	-ê	-am	-ê	-íḣ	-jáḣ
Bone	K	Koſṫ	Kosti	Kosti	Koſṫ	Kosti	Kosṫó	Kosti	Kostû	Koſṫma	Kosti	Kostáḣ	Koſṫma	Kosti	Kostí	Kostím	Kosti	Kosteḣ	Kostêmi
		∅	-i	-i	∅	-i	-ó	-i	-û	-ma	-i	-áḣ	-ma	-i	-í	-ím	-i	-eḣ	-êmi
Mother (archaic)	T	Máti	Máti	Máti	Máti	Máti	Máṫ	Mátê	Mátû	Máṫma	Máti	Mátiḣ	Máṫma	Mátije	Mátijí	Mátijím	Mátê	Mátíḣ	Máṫmi
		-i	-i	-i	-i	-i	∅	-ê	-û	-ma	-i	-iḣ	-ma	-ije	-ijí	-ijím	-ê	-íḣ	-mi
Neutrum
Word	S	Slovo	Slova	Slovu	Slovo	Slovu	Slovem	Slovji	Slovû	Slovêma	Slovji	Slovjíḣ	Slovêma	Slova	Slov	Slovám	Slova	Slováḣ	Slovy
		-o	-a	-u	-o	-u	-em	-ji	-û	-êma	-ji	-jíḣ	-êma	-a	∅	-ám	-a	-áḣ	-y
Sea	R	Morê	Morê	Mori	Morê	Mori	Morom	Mora	Mor	Morím	Mora	Morê	Mormi	Morê	Morí	Morím	Morê	Moríḣ	Morami
		-ê	-ê	-i	-ê	-i	-om	-a	∅	-ím	-a	-ê	-mi	-ê	-í	-ím	-ê	-íḣ	-ami
Name	I	Imê	Imênê	Imû	Imê	Imi	Imi	Imê	Imú	Imom	Imê	Imêḣ	Imem	Imê	Imí	Imêm	Imêje	Imíḣ	Imêma
		-ê	-ênê	-û	-ê	-i	-i	-ê	-ú	-om	-ê	-êḣ	-em	-ê	-í	-êm	-êje	-íḣ	-êma

Adjectives

Unlike in Nouns, adjectives have seen some case reduction. This reduction includes:

• Merger of Genitive and Locative in dual and plural numbers
• Merger of Nominative and Accusative in the dual number
• Complete disappearance of the Vocative case, even in archaic terms and stable phrases

Grammatical inflection

Translation to Common	Code	Singular						Dual				Plural					Gender
		Nom.	Gen.	Dat.	Acc.	Loc.	Ins.	Nom.+Acc.	Gen.+Loc.	Dat.	Ins.	Nom.	Gen.+Loc.	Dat.	Acc.	Ins.
Descriptive
Hard	H	Tvärdý	Tvärdóho	Tvärdómu	Tvärdóho	Tvärdém	Tvärdom	Tvärda	Tvärda	Tvärdám	Tvärdámi	Tvärdí	Tvärdýḣ	Tvärdým	Tvärdé	Tvärdömi	Masculine
		Tvärdé			Tvärdé			Tvärdâ	Tvärdâ			Tvärdá	Tvärdéḣ				Neutrum
		Tvärdá	Tvärdé	Tvärdé	Tvärdoju	Tvärdé	Tvärdoju	Tvärdê				Tvärdé					Feminine
		-ý	-óho	-ómu	-óho	-ém	-om	-a	-a	-ám	-ámi	-í	-ýḣ	-ým	-é	-ömi	Masculine
		-é			-é			-â	-â			-á	-éḣ				Neuter
		-á	-é	-é	-oju	-é	-oju	-ê				-é					Feminine
Fresh	G	Svêżí	Svêżího	Svêżímu	Svêżí	Svêżím	Svêżím	Svêża	Svêża	Svêżám	Svêżámi	Svêżí	Svêżíḣ	Svêżím	Svêżí	Svêżími	Masculine
		Svêże			Svêże			Svêże	Svêże			Svêże	Svêże				Neutrum
		Svêżá	Svêżej	Svêżej	Svêżju	Svêżeju	Svêżej	Svêżje				Svêżje					Feminine
		-í	-ího	-ímu	-í	-ím	-ím	-a	-a	-ám	-ámi	-í	-íḣ	-ím	-í	-ími	Masculine
		-e			-e			-e	-e			-e	-e				Neutrum
		-á	-ej	-ej	-ju	-eju	-ej	-je				-je					Feminine
Possessive
Father's	O	Ojcúv	Ojcova	Ojcovu	Ojcúv	Ojcovo	Ojcovo	Ojcova	Ojcovêḣ	Ojcovám	Ojcovámi	Ojcovi	Ojcovýḣ	Ojcovým	Ojcové	Ojcovömi	Mustelaria
		Ojcovo			Ojcovo			Ojcovê	Ojcovê			Ojcova	Ojcova				Neutrum
		Ojcova	Ojcovy	Ojcovê	Ojcovu	Ojcovê	Ojcovê					Ojcovy					Feminine
		-úv	-ova	-ovu	-úv	-ovo	-ovo	-ova	-ovêḣ	-ovám	-ovámi	-ovi	-ovýḣ	-ovým	-ové	-ovömi	Masculine
		-ovo			-ovo			-ovê	-ovê			-ova	-ova				Neutrum
		-ova	-ovy	-ovê	-ovu	-ovê	-ovê					-ovy					Feminine
Mother's	F	Maṫčin	Maṫčiny	Maṫčinê	Maṫčin	Maṫčinê	Maṫčinê	Maṫčina	Maṫčinêḣ	Maṫčinám	Maṫčinámi	Maṫčini	Maṫčinýḣ	Maṫčiným	Maṫčinné	Maṫčinými	Masculine
		Maṫčino			Maṫčino			Maṫčinê	Maṫčinê			Maṫčina	Maṫčina				Neutrum
		Maṫčina	Maṫčiny		Maṫčinu			Maṫčinije				Maṫčinije					Feminine
		∅	-y	-ê	∅	-ê	-ê	-a	-êḣ	-ám	-ámi	-i	-ýḣ	-ým	-né	-ými	Masculine
		-o			-o			-ê	-ê			-a	-a				Neutrum
		-a	-y		-u			-ije				-ije					Feminine