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'''Euclea''' is a continent located entirely in the {{wp|Northern Hemisphere|Northern}} and {{wp|Western Hemisphere|Western}} Hemispheres of [[Kylaris]]. It is bordered to the north by the [[Pervovo Sea]], [[Boreal Sea]], [[Ghaillish Sea]], and [[North Sea]], to the east by the [[Florian Ocean]] and [[Gulf of Assonaire]], to the south by the [[Solarian Sea]] and [[Mazdan Sea]], and to the west by the [[Lumine Ocean]]. [[Coius]] lies to the south and east.
'''Euclea''' is a continent located entirely in the {{wp|Northern Hemisphere|Northern}} and {{wp|Western Hemisphere|Western}} Hemispheres of [[Kylaris]]. It is bordered to the north by the [[Pervovo Sea]], [[Avanaric Sea]], and [[Boreal Ocean]], to the northeast by the [[Ghaillish Sea]] and [[North Sea]], to the east by the [[Florian Ocean]] and [[Gulf of Assonaire]], to the south by the [[Solarian Sea]] and [[Acheloian Sea]], and to the west by the [[Lumine Ocean]]. [[Coius]] lies to the south and east.


Euclea covers approximately one sixteenth of Kylaris's surface and is home to slightly over one fifth of its population. It is the world's second-most populous continent after Coius and is its richest on a gross GDP basis; nearly 40% of the world's aggregate GDP is generated in Euclea. Politically, Euclea is divided into approximately thirty states, twelve of which comprise  the [[Euclean Community]]. [[Soravia]] is the largest and most populous country in Euclea.
Euclea covers approximately one sixteenth of Kylaris's surface and is home to slightly over one fifth of its population. It is the world's second-most populous continent after Coius and is its richest on a gross GDP basis; nearly 40% of the world's aggregate GDP is generated in Euclea. Politically, Euclea is divided into approximately thirty states, twelve of which comprise  the [[Euclean Community]]. [[Soravia]] is the largest and most populous country in Euclea.
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===Prehistory===
===Prehistory===
[[File:Thomas-dowson-lascaux.jpg|thumb|Animal {{wp|cave art}} from [[Gennefort]], [[Gaullica]], dated to 16,000 BC]]
[[File:Thomas-dowson-lascaux.jpg|thumb|Animal {{wp|cave art}} from [[Gennefort]], [[Gaullica]], dated to 16,000 BC]]
Various species of {{wp|hominids}} lived in Euclea as early as 1.3 million years ago. The oldest attested Euclean inhabitants that belonged to the {{wp|genus}} ''{{wp|Homo}}'' is the {{wp|archaic humans|archaic}} ''{{wp|Homo antecessor}}'', whose fossils have been found in [[Carvagna]], [[Eturia]] and other trace regions around the [[Solarian Sea]]. ''{{wp|Homo erectus}}'' migrated into Euclea from [[Rahelia]] or [[Bahia]]. Sometime around 150,000 BC, ''{{wp|Homo neanderthalensis}}'' (Neanderthals) appeared around [[Cislania]] in [[Werania]]. The Neanderthals disapeared sometime around 28,000 BC. Contemporainously, the first {{wp|Early modern human|anatomically modern humans}} emerged on the Euclean continent around 35,000 BC. These first {{wp|humans}} also migrated from [[Coius]] and supplanted the Neanderthals. {{wp|DNA}} evidence suggests that {{wp|Cro-Magnon|early Euclean humans}} may have {{wp|Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans|interbred with the Neaderthals}}, as well as other hominids. The earliest habitats of early Euclean humans are recorded around [[Palestrina]] (Eturia), [[Llerta]] ([[Auratia]]) and Monroial ([[Gaullica]]). These first people were {{wp|hunter-gatherer|hunter-gatherers}} and {{wp|nomads}} reliant on {{wp|stone tools}}. Humans spread across Euclea and reached the western reaches of [[Soravia]] by 10,000 BC.  
Various species of {{wp|hominids}} lived in Euclea as early as 1.3 million years ago. The oldest attested Euclean inhabitants that belonged to the {{wp|genus}} ''{{wp|Homo}}'' is the {{wp|archaic humans|archaic}} ''{{wp|Homo antecessor}}'', whose fossils have been found in [[Carvagna]], [[Etruria]] and other sites around the [[Solarian Sea]]. ''{{wp|Homo erectus}}'' migrated into Euclea from [[Rahelia]] or [[Bahia]]. Sometime around 150,000 BC, ''{{wp|Homo neanderthalensis}}'' (Neanderthals) appeared around [[Cislania]] in [[Werania]]. The Neanderthals disapeared sometime around 28,000 BC. Contemporaneously, the first {{wp|Early modern human|anatomically modern humans}} emerged on the Euclean continent around 35,000 BC. These first {{wp|humans}} also migrated from [[Coius]] and supplanted the Neanderthals. {{wp|DNA}} evidence suggests that {{wp|Cro-Magnon|early Euclean humans}} may have {{wp|Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans|interbred with the Neaderthals}} as well as other hominids. The earliest habitations of early Euclean humans are recorded around [[Palestrina]] (Etruria), [[Llerta]] ([[Paretia]]) and Monroial ([[Gaullica]]). These first people were {{wp|hunter-gatherer|hunter-gatherers}} and {{wp|nomads}} reliant on {{wp|stone tools}}. Humans spread across Euclea and reached the western parts of [[Soravia]] by 10,000 BC.  


[[File:Orkney_Skara_Brae.jpg|thumb|A preserved neolithic settlement in [[Estmere]]]]
[[File:Orkney_Skara_Brae.jpg|thumb|A preserved neolithic settlement in [[Estmere]]]]


The {{wp|Neolithic Revolution}} began in Euclea around the {{wp|8th millennium BC}} around [[Piraea]] and Etruria, influenced by {{wp|agriculture}}'s spread from Coius. During this time, many of Euclea's hunter-gatherer peoples became sedentary. Their lifestyles revolved around sowing and reaping crops as well as rearing {{wp|domestication|domesticated}} animals. Around this time, Eucleans developed early {{wp|social stratification}} and produced {{wp|pottery}}. Large caches of {{wp|Neolithic pottery}} dating to as late as 7,000 BC has been found in Werania and [[Azmara]]. This period also saw the development of primitive shipcraft that permitted the habitation of the [[Line Islands]] around 6,500 BC. Early Eucleans also built {{wp|Tumulus|burial mounds}} (also known as kurgans) and {{wp|megaliths}} (like {{wp|dolmens}}).  
The {{wp|Neolithic Revolution}} began in Euclea around the {{wp|8th millennium BC}} in [[Piraea]] and Etruria, prompted by the spread of {{wp|agriculture}} spread from Coius. During this time, many of Euclea's hunter-gatherer peoples became sedentary. Their lifestyles revolved around sowing and reaping crops as well as rearing {{wp|domestication|domesticated}} animals. Around this time, Eucleans developed early {{wp|social stratification}} and produced {{wp|pottery}}. Large caches of {{wp|Neolithic pottery}} dating to as late as 7000 BC has been found in Werania and [[Azmara]]. This period also saw the development of primitive shipbuilding, which enabled the settlement of the [[Line Islands]] around 6500 BC. Early Eucleans also built {{wp|Tumulus|burial mounds}} (also known as kurgans) and {{wp|megaliths}} like {{wp|dolmens}}.  


The {{wp|5th century BC}} saw the migration of various peoples. The {{wp|Proto-Indo-Europeans|Satro-Euclean peoples}} migrated into Euclea around 4,000 BC and supplanted many indigenous peoples. {{wp|Finno-Ugric peoples}} migrated into Caldia around 3,300 BC. They would later be supplanted by the Satro-Euclean {{wp|Celts|Tenics}} around 1,000 BC. The last major expansion of prehistoric Euclean peoples occurred in 1,500 BC, when humans made landfall on the [[Geatish Islands]].  
The {{wp|5th century BC}} saw the migration of various peoples. The {{wp|Proto-Indo-Europeans|Satro-Euclean peoples}} migrated into Euclea around 4000 BC and supplanted many indigenous peoples. {{wp|Finno-Ugric peoples}} migrated into Caldia around 3300 BC. They would later be supplanted by the Satro-Euclean {{wp|Celts|Tenics}} around 1000 BC. The last major expansion of prehistoric Euclean peoples occurred in 1500 BC, when humans made landfall on the [[Geatish Islands]].  


Around 3,200 BC, {{wp|bronze}} tools were spread from Coius to Euclea, beginning the {{wp|European Bronze Age|Euclean bronze Age}}. The Euclean Bronze Age saw the rise of the {{wp|Minoan civilization|Esorian civilization}} on the island of [[Emessa]], described as the first true civilization of Euclean history. The Esorians developed an extensive trade network that linked Coius with Euclea. Merchants and traders would often make traitorous journeys as far north as the {{wp|Tin mining|tin mines}} in [[Werania]] to trade in the precious metal. The Minoans developed a heretofore undecifered {{wp|Linear A|writing system}}, a ''{{wp|Sui generis|sui generis}}'' {{wp|syllabary}} that was the first documented in Euclea. In Piraea, the {{wp|Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean civilization}} developed as an important trade route to West Euclea. Southern Euclea saw social stratification comparable with that of the {{wp|Ancient Near East}}, characterized by the development of primitive kingdoms with tribal, warrior, merchant and peasant {{wp|caste|castes}}. The Bronze Age of development and prosperity ended suddenly when {{wp|Sea Peoples|mysterious seafaring peoples}} attacked various [[Aurean Straits|Aurean civilizations]]. The resultant {{wp|Late Bronze Age collapse|collapse}} led to the {{wp|Greek Dark Ages|Piraean Dark Ages}} and the cessation of international trade.
Around 3200 BC, {{wp|bronze}} tools were spread from Coius to Euclea, beginning the {{wp|European Bronze Age|Euclean bronze Age}}. The Euclean Bronze Age saw the rise of the {{wp|Minoan civilization|Esorian civilization}} on the island of [[Emessa]], described as the first true civilization in Euclean history. The Esorians developed an extensive trade network that linked Coius with Euclea. Traders made treacherous journeys as far north as the {{wp|Tin mining|tin mines}} of present-day [[Werania]] to acquire the precious metal. The Esorians developed a still-undeciphered {{wp|Linear A|writing system}}, a ''{{wp|Sui generis|sui generis}}'' {{wp|syllabary}} that was the first documented in Euclea. In Piraea, the {{wp|Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean civilization}} developed as an important trade route to Western Euclea. Southern Euclea saw social stratification comparable with that of the {{wp|Ancient Near East}}, characterized by the development of primitive kingdoms with tribal, warrior, merchant and peasant {{wp|caste|castes}}. The Bronze Age of development and prosperity ended suddenly when {{wp|Sea Peoples|mysterious seafaring peoples}} attacked various [[Aurean Straits|Aurean civilizations]]. The resultant {{wp|Late Bronze Age collapse|collapse}} led to the {{wp|Greek Dark Ages|Piraean Dark Ages}} and the cessation of international trade.


===Classical antiquity===
===Classical antiquity===
[[File:Piraean_colonization_classical_period.PNG|thumb|Peak extent of Piraean territories and colonies from 750 - 200 BC]]
[[File:Piraean_colonization_classical_period.PNG|thumb|Peak extent of Piraean territories and colonies from 750 to 200 BC]]
The Classical Age in Euclea began in the 8th century BC, when various city-states in modern-day [[Piraea]] were established and consolidated political power. This era is considered extremely formative in the development of {{wp|democracy}} and {{wp|political culture}}. The first democracy was established in the city-state of [[Lasithi]], where all male citizens were permitted to vote and in the {{wp|Agora}}. Furthermore, this period in Piraean history was formative in the foundation of {{wp|philosophy}}, {{wp|humanism}}, {{wp|historiography}}, {{wp|epic poetry}} and {{wp|drama|dramatic theater}}, all of which trace their origins to Piraean authors. Furthermore, Piraean authors were among the first to document {{wp|astronomy|the stars}} and {{wp|medicine}}. Piraea also saw extensive political expansion. Lasithi emerged as a {{wp|hegemon}}, presiding over the expansion of Piraean territory from Gaullica to [[Satria]] in [[Coius]]. At the same time, this period saw great infighting among the Piraean city-states. Extensive civil wars and feuding tore apart Piraean cities and relocated power among various city-states. The collapse of [[Prassa|Prassan]] hegemony in  217 BC marked the end of a cohesive Piraea.
The Classical Age in Euclea began in the 8th century BC, when city-states were established in [[Piraea]], consolidating political power. This era is considered formative in the development of {{wp|democracy}} and {{wp|political culture}}. The first democracy was established in the city-state of [[Lasithi]], where all adult male citizens were permitted to vote in the {{wp|Ecclesia (ancient Greece)|Assembly}}. Furthermore, this period in Piraean history was formative in the foundation of {{wp|philosophy}}, {{wp|humanism}}, {{wp|historiography}}, {{wp|epic poetry}} and {{wp|drama|dramatic theater}}, all of which trace their origins to Piraean authors. Furthermore, Piraean authors were among the first to document {{wp|astronomy|the stars}} and {{wp|medicine}}. Piraea also saw extensive political expansion. Lasithi emerged as a {{wp|hegemon}}, presiding over the expansion of Piraean territory from Gaullica to [[Satria]] in [[Coius]]. At the same time, this period saw great infighting among the Piraean city-states. Extensive civil wars and feuding tore apart Piraean cities and relocated power among various city-states. The collapse of [[Prassa|Prassan]] hegemony in  217 BC marked the end of a cohesive Piraea.


In the wake of Piraea, Solaria rose, continuing or altering many of Piraea's age-old traditions. [[Solaria]] was founded in 757 BC, originally as a {{wp|monarchy}}. Inspired Piraean democracy, the Solarians overthrew their monarchical system and established an {{wp|oligarchy|oligarchic}} {{wp|republic}} in  511 BC. Contemporaneously with the rise of Solaria, the ancient city-state of Tyrrenhus rapidly grew in size. Solaria and Tyrrenheus were soon at loggerheads and fought numerous wars against each other. This period of aggression, known as the [[Wars of the Two Cities]], ended in Solarian victory and the subjugation of Tyrrhenius in 256 BC. Solaria became the dominant power of of the [[Aurean Straits|Aurean region]], though it often came under the sack of {{wp|Celts|Tenics}}. By 200 BC, Solaria expanded across Southern Euclea and forayed into Gaullica.  
In the wake of Piraea, Solaria rose, continuing or altering many of Piraea's age-old traditions. [[Solaria]] was founded in 757 BC, originally as a {{wp|monarchy}}. Inspired Piraean democracy, the Solarians overthrew their monarchical system and established an {{wp|oligarchy|oligarchic}} {{wp|republic}} in  511 BC. Contemporaneously with the rise of Solaria, the ancient city-state of Tyrrenhus rapidly grew in size. Solaria and Tyrrenheus were soon at loggerheads and fought numerous wars against each other. This period of aggression, known as the [[Wars of the Two Cities]], ended in Solarian victory and the subjugation of Tyrrhenius in 256 BC. Solaria became the dominant power of of the [[Aurean Straits|Aurean region]], though it often came under the sack of {{wp|Celts|Tenics}}. By 200 BC, Solaria expanded across Southern Euclea and forayed into Gaullica.  
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In North Euclea, [[Ghailles]] from [[Caldia]] known as Marauders or ''Lochlananch'' began a period of widespread raiding and conquest starting from 8th century and ending in the 11th century AD. These raiders, who had been motivated by [[Marauder Age#Probable causes of Ghaillish raiding|sundry factors]], birthed the [[Maurader Age]] of Euclean history and conquered lands in [[Borland]], [[Estmere]], [[Geatland]], [[Solstiana]], and [[Werania]]. In addition, there are records of Ghaillish pirates travelling as far south as [[Rahelia]]. The Marauders precipitated various political changes in North Euclea, and they were overrrun in many of the places they established a foothold. The [[First North Sea Empire]] was formed in 847 and frequently clashed with the raiders. In modern-day [[Geatland]], [[Gorm the Elder]] united the {{wp|Geats|Ancient Geatish tribes}} against the raiders in 944. The Kingdom of Embria, the predecessor state to Estmere, was establisehd in the 11th century. This mass movement of peoples expanded {{wp|Christianity|Sotirianity}} to Euclea's northern reaches. Almost all of Euclea practiced Sotirianity by the 14th century.  
In North Euclea, [[Ghailles]] from [[Caldia]] known as Marauders or ''Lochlananch'' began a period of widespread raiding and conquest starting from 8th century and ending in the 11th century AD. These raiders, who had been motivated by [[Marauder Age#Probable causes of Ghaillish raiding|sundry factors]], birthed the [[Maurader Age]] of Euclean history and conquered lands in [[Borland]], [[Estmere]], [[Geatland]], [[Solstiana]], and [[Werania]]. In addition, there are records of Ghaillish pirates travelling as far south as [[Rahelia]]. The Marauders precipitated various political changes in North Euclea, and they were overrrun in many of the places they established a foothold. The [[First North Sea Empire]] was formed in 847 and frequently clashed with the raiders. In modern-day [[Geatland]], [[Gorm the Elder]] united the {{wp|Geats|Ancient Geatish tribes}} against the raiders in 944. The Kingdom of Embria, the predecessor state to Estmere, was establisehd in the 11th century. This mass movement of peoples expanded {{wp|Christianity|Sotirianity}} to Euclea's northern reaches. Almost all of Euclea practiced Sotirianity by the 14th century.  


The later periods of the {{wp|Middle Ages}} was characterized by the growing and expanding influence of the [[Sotirian Catholic Church]], as well as its clashes with the [[Episemialist Church]]. This period also saw clashes between Euclean Sotirians and [[Irfan]], the most prevalent of these clashes being the [[War of the Crescent and the Cross]]. The {{wp|Medieval Warm Period}} allowed for greater crop yields that resulted in a population boom on Euclea. {{wp|Feudalism}} and {{wp|manorialism}} were the two most prevalent economic systems, and society was structured along a rigid heirarchy separating nobility from the peasantry. The system of {{wp|Knight|knighthood}} was created, whereby knights would swear fealty of arms to a {{wp|monarch}} or other ruler in exchange of lands. Consequently, this period saw many clashes between feuding lords eager to snatch up land and expand their wealth. Although this period has been stereotyped as a {{wp|Dark Age (historiography)|dark age}} in {{wp|historiography}} and folk history, it saw many advances in {{wp|theology}}, {{wp|poetry}}, and {{wp|philosophy}}. [[Montecara]] and other surrounding islands grew very wealthy off of trade between Euclea and Coius, much of which involved the importation and sale of {{wp|slaves}} from the latter. Excess wealth from commerce was used to patronize authors, musicians artisans and painters as well as many architectural works.
The later periods of the {{wp|Middle Ages}} was characterized by the growing and expanding influence of the [[Sotirian Catholic Church]], as well as its clashes with the [[Episemialist Church]], culminating in a schism in the year 1385. The rise of {{wp|Iconoclasm}} in Western Eculea would also see the outbreak of the [[Iconoclast Wars]] in 1408. This period also saw clashes between Euclean Sotirians and [[Irfan]], the most prevalent of these clashes being the [[War of the Crescent and the Cross]]. The {{wp|Medieval Warm Period}} allowed for greater crop yields that resulted in a population boom on Euclea. {{wp|Feudalism}} and {{wp|manorialism}} were the two most prevalent economic systems, and society was structured along a rigid heirarchy separating nobility from the peasantry. The system of {{wp|Knight|knighthood}} was created, whereby knights would swear fealty of arms to a {{wp|monarch}} or other ruler in exchange of lands. Consequently, this period saw many clashes between feuding lords eager to snatch up land and expand their wealth. Although this period has been stereotyped as a {{wp|Dark Age (historiography)|dark age}} in {{wp|historiography}} and folk history, it saw many advances in {{wp|theology}}, {{wp|poetry}}, and {{wp|philosophy}}. [[Montecara]] and other surrounding islands grew very wealthy off of trade between Euclea and Coius, much of which involved the importation and sale of {{wp|slaves}} from the latter. Excess wealth from commerce was used to patronize authors, musicians artisans and painters as well as many architectural works.


===Early modern period===
===Early modern period===
{{Main|History of early modern Euclea (1488-1783)}}
{{Main|History of early modern Euclea (1488-1783)}}
[[File:Asteria_1740.png|thumb|Euclean colonial possessions in the Asterias, 1740]]
[[File:Asteria_1740.png|thumb|Euclean colonial possessions in the Asterias, 1740]]
In 1488, a Caldish expiditionary force led by [[Assim Asteris]] discovered the Asterias for Eucleans. This "Age of Discovery" and Euclean exploration in the Asterias prompted the {{wp|Columbian exchange|widespread transfer of plants , crops and animals}} between Euclea and the newly-found territories. These exchanges, which also brought Euclean diseases to the Asterias, grew Euclean trade and brought great wealth to the continent that marked the beginning of {{wp|modernity}}. Contemporaneously with the discovery and exploitation of the Asterias, [[Etruria]] experienced [[Etruria#Early Modern|a renaissance]] of new art styles, literature, architecture, and philosophy. The knowledge of {{wp|Classical Greece|classical Piraean}} texts, which had previously been lost, was revived and led to the development of {{wp|humanism}}. This period also marked the expansion of large multinational empires in Euclea, such as the [[Soravian Empire]] founded in 1567 or the Gaullican Empire which began consolidating within central eastern Euclea. During this period, various Euclean powers established colonial administrations on the Asterias and trafficed [[Bahia|Bahian]] {{wp|slaves}} into the continent in the {{wp|Atlantic slave trade|Transvehemens slave trade}}. The 16th century saw a reckoning with traditional religious thought in East Euclea when {{wp|Protestantism|Amendism}} was formed as a protest move against the [[Solarian Catholic Church]]. Religious conflicts and violence culminated in the [[Amendist Wars]] from 1582 to 1607. The war guaranteed Amendists religious freedoms and territories of their own but led to the decline of previously cohesive Solarian Catholic entities such as the [[Rudolphine Confederation]].  
In 1488, a Caldish expiditionary force led by [[Assim Asteris]] discovered the Asterias for Eucleans. This event marked the beginning of the "Age of Discovery," a period of intensive Euclean exploration that prompted the {{wp|Columbian exchange|widespread transfer of plants and animals}} between Euclea and the Asterias. These exchanges encouraged Euclean trade and brought great wealth to the continent, marking the birth of {{wp|modernity}}. They also brought diseases to the Asterias, devastating native populations.  


Euclean colonial possessions in the Asterias became concentrated around imperial [[Gaullica]]. Disagreements over colonial and territorial possessions bred many wars between various Euclean nations during a drawn-out {{wp|The General Crisis|period of crisis}}, most prominently the [[Ten Years' War]] between 1711 and 1721. In 1737, the [[Estmerish Civil War]] ended in 1737, establishing a [[Kingdom of Estmere|constitutional monarchy]] and the rise of {{wp|liberalism}}. This period coincided with the {{wp|Age of Enlightenment}}, which placed value on reason, {{wp|empiricism}} and the {{wp|scientific method}}. Discontent between the colonists and the home countries culminated in the [[Asterian War of Secession]], which saw many states in [[Asteria Superior]] and [[Asteria Inferior|Inferior]] declare and win their independence from various Euclean powers by the end of the 18th century. The loss of Euclean colonies in the Asterias ended the {{wp|mercantilism|merchantist model}} and led to the rise of {{wp|capitalism|capitalist economies}}. The {{wp|Industrialization|industrialization of Euclea}} in the 18th and 19th centuries transformed most of Euclea's nations from {{wp|agrarian society|agrarian societies}} to those based on {{wp|Secondary sector of the economy|manufacturing}}. The industrialization of Euclea saw the development of {{wp|machine technology}} and the rapid advance of {{wp|technology|technological}} {{wp|innovation}}.
Contemporaneously with the discovery and exploitation of the Asterias, [[Etruria]] experienced [[Etruria#Early Modern|a renaissance]] of new art styles, literature, architecture, and philosophy. The knowledge of {{wp|Classical Greece|classical Piraean}} texts, which had previously been lost, was revived and led to the development of {{wp|humanism}}.
 
Euclean powers established colonies in the Asterias and trafficked [[Bahia|Bahian]] {{wp|slaves}} there in the {{wp|Atlantic slave trade|Transvehemens slave trade}}.
 
This period also saw the expansion of multinational empires in Euclea, such as the [[Soravian Empire]] and the [[Gaullican Empire]].
 
The 16th century saw a reckoning with traditional religion in eastern Euclea when {{wp|Protestantism|Amendism}} coalesced as a protest against the [[Solarian Catholic Church]]. Religious conflicts and violence culminated in the [[Amendist Wars]] from 1582 to 1607. Amendists won territories of their own and consequently religious liberty, but the wars led to the decline of previously cohesive Solarian Catholic entities such as the [[Rudolphine Confederation]].
 
Conflicts over colonial and territorial possessions fueled wars among Euclean nations during a drawn-out {{wp|The General Crisis|period of crisis}}. The most devastating was the [[Ten Years' War]] of 1711 to 1721, which drew in every major Euclean power and was fought by millions of troops in both Euclea and the Asterias, resulting in hundreds of thousands of civilians killed by war and famine.  
 
In 1737, the [[Estmerish Civil War]] ended with the establishment of a [[Kingdom of Estmere|constitutional monarchy]] and the rise of {{wp|liberalism}}. This period coincided with the {{wp|Age of Enlightenment}}, which placed value on reason, {{wp|empiricism}} and the {{wp|scientific method}}.  
 
Discontent between colonists and the home countries culminated in the [[Asterian War of Secession]], which saw many states in [[Asteria Superior]] and [[Asteria Inferior|Inferior]] declare and win their independence from various Euclean powers by the end of the 18th century. The loss of Euclean colonies in the Asterias ended the {{wp|mercantilism|merchantist model}} of economics and led to the rise of {{wp|capitalism|capitalist economies}}. The {{wp|Industrialization|industrialization of Euclea}} in the 18th and 19th centuries transformed most of Euclea's nations from {{wp|agrarian society|agrarian societies}} to those based on {{wp|Secondary sector of the economy|manufacturing}}. Euclean industrialization saw the development of {{wp|machine technology}} and the rapid advance of {{wp|technology|technological}} {{wp|innovation}}.


===Modern period===
===Modern period===
{{Main|History of modern Euclea (1783-present)}}
{{Main|History of modern Euclea (1783-present)}}
Industrialization and the liberalization of wealth precipated profound social, political and technological changes. The 1783 Rayenne Revolution started a chain of events that led to concurrent successful republican revolutions in modern day [[Etruria]] (the latter unifying for the first time) and [[Werania]] that started the [[Euclean Revolution Wars]]. Whilst the defeat of the [[Etrurian First Republic]] in 1810 saw the defeat of radical republican forces, it had started the [[Euclean Spring]] which saw a general trend towards the creation of the {{wp|nation-state}} over multinational empires, {{wp|democratisation}} and the beginning of the end of {{wp|Autocracy|political absolutism}}. The spring was motivated by {{wp|liberalism}} and {{wp|nationalism}}, being most dramatically expressed during [[Weranian Unification]]. Weranian unification in turn led to the [[War of the Triple Alliance]] which saw a realignment in the {{wp|balance of power}} in Euclea away from Gaullica-Kirenia towards Werania-Estmere. The war also directly led to the [[First Soravian Civil War]] from 1857 to 1861 which resulted in the abolition of the Soravian monarchy and the creation of modern Soravia under [[Eduard Olsov]]. The Euclean Spring ended after the [[Engström Revolt]] was defeated in 1866, although some persist it continued onto the {{wp|Abolition of monarchy|abolition}} of the Etrurian monarchy in 1888.
Industrialization and liberalization precipated profound social, political and technological changes. The 1783 [[Rayenne Revolution]] started a chain of events that led to concurrent successful republican revolutions in modern-day [[Etruria]], which unified for the first time, and [[Werania]], starting the [[Euclean Revolution Wars]]. While the defeat of the [[Etrurian First Republic]] in 1810 halted radical republicanism, a {{wp|Revolutionary wave|revolutionary wave}} that came to be known as the [[Euclean Spring]] had begun, igniting struggles for {{wp|Nation state|nation-states}} over multinational empires, {{wp|Democratization|democratization}}, and the beginning of the end of {{wp|Autocracy|political absolutism}}. The Euclean Spring was motivated by {{wp|liberalism}} and {{wp|nationalism}}, and was expressed most dramatically during [[Weranian Unification]]. Weranian unification in turn led to the [[War of the Triple Alliance]], which saw a realignment in the {{wp|balance of power}} in Euclea away from Gaullica-Kirenia towards Werania-Estmere. The war also directly led to the [[First Soravian Civil War]] from 1857 to 1861, which resulted in the abolition of the Soravian monarchy and the creation of modern Soravia under [[Eduard Olsov]]. Some scholars say that the Euclean Spring ended after the [[Green Revolution]] was defeated in 1868, although some maintain that it continued until the [[Vallmo Revolt]] of 1887 or the {{wp|Abolition of monarchy|abolition}} of the Etrurian monarchy in 1888.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-08810, Koblenz, Französische Soldaten am Deutsche Eck.jpg|left|thumb|Gaullican troops overlooking Frankendorf during [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-08810, Koblenz, Französische Soldaten am Deutsche Eck.jpg|left|thumb|Gaullican troops overlooking Frankendorf during [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]]]]
These events alongside the development of industrial capitalism facilitated a new wave of {{wp|imperialism}}. Euclean colonies were established in [[Coius]] during the {{wp|Scramble for Africa|Scramble for Coius}} primarily in [[Bahia]] and [[Southeast Coius]]. In 1813, [[Baséland]] was created as a protectorate of Gaullica. Colonialism in Bahia and [[Rahelia]] established the [[Toubacterie]], which was often met by [[Sougoulie|unsuccessful resistance]] from the indigenous peoples. The new political landscape involved a tenuous {{wp|balance of power}} between [[Gaullica]], [[Kingdom of Estmere|Estmere]], [[Werania]], [[Etrurian Second Republic|Etruria]], and [[Soravia]]. This balance of power was significantly upset both internally and externally following the [[Great Collapse]] in 1913. The rise of [[Functionalist Gaullica|functionalism in Gaullica]] under [[Rafael Duclerque]] and the {{wp|socialism|socialist}} April Revolution in [[Kirenia]] as well as massive shifts in {{wp|geopolitics|geopolitical headwinds}} culminated in the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] starting in 1927. The war pitted the [[Grand Alliance]] against the Gaullican-led [[Entente]]. It was the deadliest in the history of [[Kylaris|the world]] and saw the innovation of new military technologies and strategies, such as {{wp|chemical weapons}}, {{wp|trench warfare}}, {{Wp|Blitzkrieg|tank warfare}} and {{wp|aerial warfare}}. Despite early successes by the Entente most notably the total defeat of Estmere early during the war eventually Entente forces in Euclea were defeated with Gaullica surrendering in 1934.  
These events, alongside the development of industrial capitalism, facilitated a new wave of {{wp|imperialism}}. Euclean colonies were established in [[Coius]] during the {{wp|Scramble for Africa|Scramble for Coius}}, primarily in [[Bahia]] and [[Southeast Coius]]. In 1813, [[Baséland]] was created as a protectorate of Gaullica. Colonialism in Bahia and [[Rahelia]] established the [[Toubacterie]], which was often met by [[Sougoulie|unsuccessful resistance]] by indigenous peoples. The new political landscape was based on a tenuous {{wp|balance of power}} between [[Gaullica]], [[Kingdom of Estmere|Estmere]], [[Werania]], [[Etrurian Second Republic|Etruria]], and [[Soravia]]. This balance of power was upset by the [[Great Collapse]] in 1913. The rise of [[Functionalist Gaullica|functionalism in Gaullica]] under [[Rafael Duclerque]] and the {{wp|Socialism|socialist}} [[April Revolution]] in [[Kirenia]], as well as massive shifts in {{wp|Geopolitics|geopolitics}}, culminated in the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], which began in 1927. The war pitted the [[Grand Alliance]] against the Gaullican-led [[Entente]]. It was the deadliest conflict in world history, and saw the innovation of new military technologies and strategies such as {{wp|chemical weapons}}, {{wp|trench warfare}}, {{Wp|Blitzkrieg|tank warfare}}, and {{wp|aerial warfare}}. Despite early successes by the Entente, most notably the total defeat of Estmere early during the war, Entente forces in Euclea were eventually defeated, with Gaullica surrendering in 1934.  


The defeat of Gaullica ended its position as a {{wp|superpower}} globally with the dismantling of its empire, but divisions within the Grand Alliance quickly saw its members fracture post-war into a system of {{wp|Polarity (international relations)#Multipolarity|mutual rivalries}}. The Great War destroyed much of Euclea's industry and killed millions of its people. In response to the violence, various {{wp|supranational organizations}} were established in Euclea, most notably the [[Euclean Community#United Nations of Euclea|United Nations of Euclea]] in 1936. The Great War also resulted in the abolition of the Estmerish and Gaullican monarchies with the latter ungoing intense de-functionalisation and a transition into a liberal democracy whilst Etruria embraced neo-functionalism with the creation of the [[Etrurian Revolutionary Republic]]. Post-war tensions led to the partition of [[Miersa]] into [[East Miersa|East]] and [[West Miersa|West]] under the [[Godfredson Plan]] in 1936. Despite attempts at maintaining peace, a local conflict between Etruria and [[Piraea]] ballooned into the [[Solarian War]] from 1943 to 1946. Etruria's invasion of various colonial territories and a [[Piraean Genocide|genocide against ethnic Piraeans]] resulted in [[Community of Nations]] intervention against it that hastened its defeat. The [[Kirenian-Weranian War]] from 1949 to 1950 was the last war in Euclea fought between great powers when Weranian forces were decisively defeated by their Kirenian counterparts. The aftermath of the Solarian War combined with the economic recovery of Gaullica saw the formation of [[Euclean Community]] that replaced the moribund UNE, with the EC orchestrating economic recovery and the establishment of the {{wp|postwar consensus}}.
The defeat of Gaullica ended its position as a global {{wp|superpower}} with the dismantling of its empire, but divisions within the Grand Alliance quickly saw its members fracture into a system of {{wp|Polarity (international relations)#Multipolarity|mutual rivalries}}. The Great War destroyed much of Euclea's industry and killed millions of its people. In response to the violence, various {{wp|International organization|international organizations}} were established in Euclea, most notably the [[Euclean Community#United Nations of Euclea|United Nations of Euclea]] in 1936. The Great War also resulted in the abolition of the Estmerish and Gaullican monarchies, with the latter ungoing intense de-functionalisation and a transition to liberal democracy, while Etruria embraced neo-functionalism with the creation of the [[Etrurian Revolutionary Republic]]. Post-war tensions led to the partition of [[Miersa]] into [[East Miersa|East]] and [[West Miersa|West]] under the [[Godfredson Plan]] in 1936. Despite attempts at maintaining peace, a local conflict between Etruria and [[Piraea]] ballooned into the [[Solarian War]] from 1943 to 1946. Etruria's invasion of various colonial territories and a [[Piraean Genocide|genocide against ethnic Piraeans]] resulted in [[Community of Nations]] intervention against it that hastened its defeat. The [[Kirenian-Weranian War]] from 1949 to 1950 was the last war in Euclea fought between great powers, with Weranian forces decisively defeated by their Kirenian counterparts. The aftermath of the Solarian War combined with the economic recovery of Gaullica saw the formation of [[Euclean Community]] that replaced the moribund UNE, with the EC orchestrating economic recovery and the establishment of the {{wp|postwar consensus}}.
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F075760-0010, Brüssel, Sitzung des Europarates.jpg|thumb|The signing of the [[Euclean Community#Treaty of Vesalla|Treaty of Vesalla]] in 1983 established the {{wp|euro|euclo}} as the official currency of the [[Euclean Community|EC]]]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F075760-0010, Brüssel, Sitzung des Europarates.jpg|thumb|The signing of the [[Euclean Community#Treaty of Vesalla|Treaty of Vesalla]] in 1983 established the {{wp|euro|euclo}} as the official currency of the [[Euclean Community|EC]]]]
The 1940s and 50s were marked by a wave of [[Pan-Bahianism|Pan-Bahist]] and other anti-colonialist movements that demanded {{wp|home rule}}. This resulted in the {{wp|delonization}} of Bahia and [[Southeast Coius]] - this process was sometimes peaceful as was mostly the case for Estmerish colonies whilst others such as Weranian and Etrurian colonies often saw more violence. Scientific advancement led to the creation of the {{wp|nuclear bomb}} by Kirenia in the early 1950's, whose {{wp|nuclear proliferation|proliferation}} was curbed by the [[Treaty of Shanbally]] in 1965. For the second half of the 20th century northerneast Euclea remained largely democratic whilst southern and western Euclea were authoritarian.  
The 1940s and ’50s were marked by a wave of [[Pan-Bahianism|Pan-Bahian]] and other anti-colonialist movements demanding {{wp|home rule}}. This resulted in the {{wp|decolonization}} of Bahia and [[Southeast Coius]], a process that was sometimes peaceful, as was the case for Estmerish colonies, but violent in the case of Weranian and Etrurian colonies.  
 
Scientific advancement led to the creation of the {{wp|Atomic bomb|atomic bomb}} by Kirenia in 1955. Six more states developed nuclear weapons before the [[Treaty of Shanbally]] came into effect in  1968, limiting {{wp|Nuclear proliferation|nuclear proliferation}}.  


A civil war in Soravia known as the [[Sostava War]] that lasted from 1979 to 1983 resulted in the collapse of the previous Soravian government and the emergence of several new states such as [[Radushia]], [[Vedmed]] and [[Velzemia]] as well as the 1979-1982 [[Miersan War]]. The same period saw the fall of several authoritarian regimes primarily in south Euclea such as in [[military dictatorship in Etruria|Etruria]] [[Amathian Equalist Republic|Amathia]], [[Piraea]] and [[Slirnia]]. Many Euclean nations restructered their economies following the 1980 recession, one consequence of which was the rise of {{wp|globalism}}. Soravia loosened its control over its former territories and established [[Samorspi]] whilst socialist states in northern Euclea created the [[Mutual Assistance Organisation]] in 1999. Meanwhile, the Euclean community established its [[Euclean Parliament|parliament]] in 1964, a common {{wp|monetary policy|monetary system}} in 1983 and directly-elected president in 2007. The 2005 financial crisis heavily affected the EC, whose status as the most preeminent geopolitical organisation has been questioned due to the continued rise of Coian and Asterian nations and consolidation of organisations such as Samorspi and MAO.
For the second half of the twentieth century, northerneast Euclea remained largely democratic, while southern and western Euclea were authoritarian. The [[Sostava War]], a civil war fought in Soravia from 1979 to 1983, resulted in the collapse of the government and the emergence of the new states of [[Radushia]], [[Vedmed]] and [[Velzemia]], as well as the parallel 1979-1982 [[Miersan War]]. The same period saw the fall of authoritarian regimes in south Euclea, notably in [[military dictatorship in Etruria|Etruria]], [[Amathian Equalist Republic|Amathia]], [[Piraea]] and [[Slirnia]]. Many Euclean nations restructured their economies following the 1980 recession, one consequence of which was the rise of {{wp|globalism}}. Soravia loosened its grip on its former territories and established [[Samorspi]], while socialist states in northern Euclea created the [[Mutual Assistance Organisation]] (MASSOR) in 1999. Meanwhile, the Euclean Community established the [[Euclean Parliament]] in 1964, a common {{wp|monetary policy|monetary system}} in 1983, and a directly elected [[President of the Euclean Community|president]] in 2007. The 2005 financial crisis gravely affected the EC, whose status as the preeminent geopolitical organization has been challenged by the continued rise of Coius and Asteria and the growing strength of Samorspi and MASSOR.


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Euclea-climate.png|thumb|A climate map of Euclea]]
[[File:Euclea-climate.png|thumb|A climate map of Euclea]]
The Euclean climate is affected by warm currents that temper winters and summers for most of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate elsewhere is severe. Seasonal differences are more noticeable farther inland than close to the coast.  
The Euclean climate is affected by warm currents that temper winters and summers for most of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate elsewhere is severe. Seasonal differences are more noticeable farther inland than in coastal areas.


==Politics==
==Politics==
Euclea is home to a number of regional organizations, most prominently the [[Euclean Community]], which is currently the world's most fully realized {{wp|supranational organization}}. Its member states have agreed to the free movement of goods, people, capital, and services, and have adopted a common currency, the [[euclo]]. Other major regional organizations include [[Samorspi]], which brings together states that once comprised the [[Soravian Empire]], the [[Mutual Assiestence Organisation]] which consists of the socialist states of northeast Euclea, the [[Aurean Forum]], and the [[Northern Forum]]. The [[Community of Nations]] is headquartered in the Euclean country of [[Kesselbourg]].
[[File:Supranational Euclean Bodies.svg|thumb|right|An {{wp|Euler diagram}} showing relationships between Euclean supranational organizations]]
Euclea is home to a number of regional organizations, most prominently the [[Euclean Community]], which is currently the world's most fully realized {{wp|supranational organization}}. Its member states have agreed to the free movement of goods, people, capital, and services, and have adopted a common currency, the [[euclo]]. Other major regional organizations include [[Samorspi]], which brings together states that once comprised the [[Soravian Empire]]; the [[Mutual Assistance Organisation]] (MASSOR), which consists of the socialist states of northeast Euclea; the [[Aurean Forum]]; and the [[Northern Forum]]. The [[Community of Nations]] is headquartered in the Euclean country of [[Kesselbourg]].


===List of states and territories===
===List of states and territories===
Line 104: Line 120:
| 11,384,499
| 11,384,499
| 46,789
| 46,789
| [[President of Alsland|Hepke Veltman]]
| [[Reedik Kaljurand]]
| [[Ottila Möller]]
| [[Ottila Möller]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic
|-
| {{flagicon image|AimiliaFlag.png}} [[Aimilia]]
| {{flagicon image|AimiliaFlag.png}} [[Kakzazna]]
| 6,708,921
| 100,000
| [[Kabentim Teguzboded]]
| [[Manham Batsatindim]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
|-
| {{flagicon image|AmathiaBe.png}} [[Amathia]]
| {{flagicon image|AmathiaBe.png}} [[Amathia]]
Line 123: Line 131:
| [[Ramona Veleșean]]
| [[Ramona Veleșean]]
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic
|-
| {{flag|Auzance}}
| {{flagicon image|AuzanceFlag.png}} [[Cestiène]]
| 11,461,365
| 57,953
| [[Houbêrt Louxhî]]
| [[Catrene Burnot]]
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic
|-
|-
| {{flagicon image|Azmaran Flag.png}} [[Azmara]]
| {{flagicon image|Azmaran Flag.png}} [[Azmara]]
Line 128: Line 144:
| 10,029,100
| 10,029,100
| 43,018
| 43,018
| [[Maarija Ryginsdohter]]
| [[Harald Alekssun]]
| [[Sofija Anasdohter]]
| [[Freidrik Aleksaanderssun]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
|-
Line 139: Line 155:
| [[Bistravia|Martina Ovoječka]]
| [[Bistravia|Martina Ovoječka]]
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic
|-
| {{flag|Blostland}}
| {{flagicon image|FlagofRaudrena.jpg}} [[Raudrena]]
| 6,192,106
| 90,819
| [[Ravel Backström]]
| [[Tomas Lundberg]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
|-
| {{flagicon image|GlytterFlag.png}} [[Caldia]]
| {{flagicon image|GlytterFlag.png}} [[Caldia]]
Line 152: Line 176:
| 21,740,000
| 21,740,000
| 197,568
| 197,568
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Anna Wlodarska]]
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Iwo Kłosek]]
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic
|-  
|-  
| {{flag|Geatland}}
| {{flagicon image|BlastadFlag.png}} [[Blåstad]]
| 6,192,106
| 90,819
| [[Brunhild]]
| [[Karl Nilsson Jung]]
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
|-
| {{flag|Emessa}}{{efn|Emessa can be considered part of Rahelia or Southern Euclea; it has historical and sociopolitical connections with both.}}
| {{flag|Emessa}}{{efn|Emessa can be considered part of Rahelia or Southern Euclea; it has historical and sociopolitical connections with both.}}
| {{flagdeco|Emessa}} [[Lyria]]
| {{flagdeco|Emessa}} [[Himera]]
| 6,369,584
| 5,681,900
| 22,487
| 22,487
| [[Lisandrina Orunesu]]
| [[Lisandrina Orunesu]]
Line 196: Line 212:
| {{flag|Hennehouwe}}
| {{flag|Hennehouwe}}
| {{flagicon image|Enkhuizen vlag.svg}} [[s'Holle]]
| {{flagicon image|Enkhuizen vlag.svg}} [[s'Holle]]
| 11,424,398
| 15,424,398
| 75,828
| 75,828
| [[Adriaan Wilhelm Paulus]]
| [[Adriaan Wilhelm Paulus]]
Line 202: Line 218:
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Limburg (Belgium).svg}} [[Kesselbourg]]
| {{flag|Kesselbourg}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Brussels-Capital Region Variant 2.svg}} [[Kesselbourg City]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Brussels-Capital Region Variant 2.svg}} [[Kesselbourg City]]
| 1,424,500
| 1,424,500
Line 210: Line 226:
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
|-
|-
| {{flag|Lemovicia}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Laudania.png}} [[Laudania]]
| {{flagicon|Lemovicia}} [[Topagunea]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Laudania.png}} [[Turau]]
| 2,502,577
| 11,214,367
| 41,834
| 149,023
| [[Presidency of Lemovicia|Presidency]]
| [[Uladzislau Likhtarovich]]
| [[Sergiusz Galecki]]
| [[Barys Trafimau]]
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
|-  
| {{flag|Montecara}}
| {{flag|Montecara}}
| {{flag|Montecara}}
| {{flag|Montecara}}
| {{MC-pop}}
| {{MC-pop}}
| {{MC-area-total}}
| {{MC-area-land}}
| colspan=2| <center>[[Colegio]]</center>
| colspan=2| <center>[[College of State (Montecara)|College of State]]</center>
| style="background:#b3ffff; color:black"| Directorial republic
| style="background:#b3ffff; color:black"| Directorial republic
|-
|-
| {{flagicon image|ParetiaFlag.png}} [[Paretia]]
| {{flag|Paretia}}
| {{flagicon image|PreceaFlagNew.png}} [[Precea]]
| {{flagicon image|PreceaFlagNew.png}} [[Precea]]
| 31,203,301
| 31,203,301
| 240,886
| 240,886
| [[Erasmo of |Erasmo]]
| [[Erasmo]]
| [[Isilda Cerqueira]]
| [[Isilda Cerqueira]]
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Line 241: Line 257:
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
| style="background:#ffbf80; color:black"| Parliamentary republic
|-
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Radushia.png}} [[Radushia]]
| {{flag|Salikhia}}
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Radushia.png}} [[Chrivotovo]]
| {{flagicon image|MtavarangeloziFlag.png}} [[Mtavarangelozi]]
| 4,193,694
| 9,964,740
| 8,646
| 96,965
| [[Macarius II, Patriarch of Radushia|Macarius II]]
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Miku Datunashvili]]
| [[Raman Yarmoshyn]]
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic
| style="background:#437df3; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional theocracy
|-
|-  
| {{flag|Scovern}}
| {{flag|Scovern}}
| {{flagicon|Scovern}} [[Rimso]]
| {{flagicon|Scovern}} [[Rimso]]
Line 265: Line 280:
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic
| style="background:#ffeb99; color:black"| Semi-presidential republic
|-
|-
| {{flagicon_image|TengariaFlag.png}} [[Tengaria]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Narnia_(New_Dynasty).svg}} [[Lenovo]]
| 22,350,000
| 305,981
| colspan=2 align="center" | [[Teodora Kovacheva]]
| style="background:#5c5ecc; color:black"| Presidential republic
|- 
| {{flag|Valduvia}}
| {{flagicon|Valduvia}} [[Priedīši]]
| 55,279,300
| 423,489
| [[Presidium of Valduvia|Presidium]]
| [[Janis Vilks]]
| style="background:#ff0000; color:black"| Council republic
|- 
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Tbilisi.svg}} [[Vedmed]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Tbilisi.svg}} [[Vedmed]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Tbilisi.svg}} [[Tsivebi]]
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Tbilisi.svg}} [[Tsivebi]]
Line 278: Line 308:
| Area
| Area
| [[Charlotte of Werania|Charlotte]]
| [[Charlotte of Werania|Charlotte]]
| [[Otto von Hößlin]]
| [[Anton Raicevich]]
| style="background:#c141ca; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional elective monarchy
| style="background:#b3ccff; color:black"| Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
|-
| {{flag|West Miersa}}
| {{flagicon|West Miersa}} [[West Żobrodź]]
| 16,419,000
| 203,965
| [[Sylwester Wrzesiński]]
| [[Adrian Rozak]]
| style="background:#aa6f33; color:black"| Authoritarian republic
|-
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 05:13, 18 January 2024

Template:Region icon Kylaris Template:KylarisRecognitionArticle

Euclea
Euclea orthographic.png
Area9,511,739 km²
PopulationTemplate:Euclea-pop
Density77 people per km²
GDP (nominal, millions)$22,469,614
GDP per capita$30,800
Time zonesUTC +2 to –4

Euclea is a continent located entirely in the Northern and Western Hemispheres of Kylaris. It is bordered to the north by the Pervovo Sea, Avanaric Sea, and Boreal Ocean, to the northeast by the Ghaillish Sea and North Sea, to the east by the Florian Ocean and Gulf of Assonaire, to the south by the Solarian Sea and Acheloian Sea, and to the west by the Lumine Ocean. Coius lies to the south and east.

Euclea covers approximately one sixteenth of Kylaris's surface and is home to slightly over one fifth of its population. It is the world's second-most populous continent after Coius and is its richest on a gross GDP basis; nearly 40% of the world's aggregate GDP is generated in Euclea. Politically, Euclea is divided into approximately thirty states, twelve of which comprise the Euclean Community. Soravia is the largest and most populous country in Euclea.

Etymology

The name Euclea comes from the ancient Piraean goddess Eukleia (Ευκλεια), the deity personifying glory and good repute.

History

Main article: History of Euclea

Prehistory

Animal cave art from Gennefort, Gaullica, dated to 16,000 BC

Various species of hominids lived in Euclea as early as 1.3 million years ago. The oldest attested Euclean inhabitants that belonged to the genus Homo is the archaic Homo antecessor, whose fossils have been found in Carvagna, Etruria and other sites around the Solarian Sea. Homo erectus migrated into Euclea from Rahelia or Bahia. Sometime around 150,000 BC, Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthals) appeared around Cislania in Werania. The Neanderthals disapeared sometime around 28,000 BC. Contemporaneously, the first anatomically modern humans emerged on the Euclean continent around 35,000 BC. These first humans also migrated from Coius and supplanted the Neanderthals. DNA evidence suggests that early Euclean humans may have interbred with the Neaderthals as well as other hominids. The earliest habitations of early Euclean humans are recorded around Palestrina (Etruria), Llerta (Paretia) and Monroial (Gaullica). These first people were hunter-gatherers and nomads reliant on stone tools. Humans spread across Euclea and reached the western parts of Soravia by 10,000 BC.

A preserved neolithic settlement in Estmere

The Neolithic Revolution began in Euclea around the 8th millennium BC in Piraea and Etruria, prompted by the spread of agriculture spread from Coius. During this time, many of Euclea's hunter-gatherer peoples became sedentary. Their lifestyles revolved around sowing and reaping crops as well as rearing domesticated animals. Around this time, Eucleans developed early social stratification and produced pottery. Large caches of Neolithic pottery dating to as late as 7000 BC has been found in Werania and Azmara. This period also saw the development of primitive shipbuilding, which enabled the settlement of the Line Islands around 6500 BC. Early Eucleans also built burial mounds (also known as kurgans) and megaliths like dolmens.

The 5th century BC saw the migration of various peoples. The Satro-Euclean peoples migrated into Euclea around 4000 BC and supplanted many indigenous peoples. Finno-Ugric peoples migrated into Caldia around 3300 BC. They would later be supplanted by the Satro-Euclean Tenics around 1000 BC. The last major expansion of prehistoric Euclean peoples occurred in 1500 BC, when humans made landfall on the Geatish Islands.

Around 3200 BC, bronze tools were spread from Coius to Euclea, beginning the Euclean bronze Age. The Euclean Bronze Age saw the rise of the Esorian civilization on the island of Emessa, described as the first true civilization in Euclean history. The Esorians developed an extensive trade network that linked Coius with Euclea. Traders made treacherous journeys as far north as the tin mines of present-day Werania to acquire the precious metal. The Esorians developed a still-undeciphered writing system, a sui generis syllabary that was the first documented in Euclea. In Piraea, the Mycenaean civilization developed as an important trade route to Western Euclea. Southern Euclea saw social stratification comparable with that of the Ancient Near East, characterized by the development of primitive kingdoms with tribal, warrior, merchant and peasant castes. The Bronze Age of development and prosperity ended suddenly when mysterious seafaring peoples attacked various Aurean civilizations. The resultant collapse led to the Piraean Dark Ages and the cessation of international trade.

Classical antiquity

File:Piraean colonization classical period.PNG
Peak extent of Piraean territories and colonies from 750 to 200 BC

The Classical Age in Euclea began in the 8th century BC, when city-states were established in Piraea, consolidating political power. This era is considered formative in the development of democracy and political culture. The first democracy was established in the city-state of Lasithi, where all adult male citizens were permitted to vote in the Assembly. Furthermore, this period in Piraean history was formative in the foundation of philosophy, humanism, historiography, epic poetry and dramatic theater, all of which trace their origins to Piraean authors. Furthermore, Piraean authors were among the first to document the stars and medicine. Piraea also saw extensive political expansion. Lasithi emerged as a hegemon, presiding over the expansion of Piraean territory from Gaullica to Satria in Coius. At the same time, this period saw great infighting among the Piraean city-states. Extensive civil wars and feuding tore apart Piraean cities and relocated power among various city-states. The collapse of Prassan hegemony in 217 BC marked the end of a cohesive Piraea.

In the wake of Piraea, Solaria rose, continuing or altering many of Piraea's age-old traditions. Solaria was founded in 757 BC, originally as a monarchy. Inspired Piraean democracy, the Solarians overthrew their monarchical system and established an oligarchic republic in 511 BC. Contemporaneously with the rise of Solaria, the ancient city-state of Tyrrenhus rapidly grew in size. Solaria and Tyrrenheus were soon at loggerheads and fought numerous wars against each other. This period of aggression, known as the Wars of the Two Cities, ended in Solarian victory and the subjugation of Tyrrhenius in 256 BC. Solaria became the dominant power of of the Aurean region, though it often came under the sack of Tenics. By 200 BC, Solaria expanded across Southern Euclea and forayed into Gaullica.

Extent of the Solarian Empire at its peak between AD 318 and 417

The Solarian Republic came to an end in the first century AD, when power was consolidated in the lands of the first Solarian emperor. In the Pax Solariana, Solaria then embarked on expansion heretofore never seen in the world, blazing a trail through Estmere and Swetania in the north and modern-day Zorasan in the south. The Solarian Empire established a complex, intracite system of bureaucratic government and centralization. Neighboring tribes such as the Tenics or the Marolevs were conquered, displaced and integrated into the empire. By 318, Solaria became the largest empire in Euclean history. The empire's advanced road systems enabled for the spread of Sotirianity. A persecuted religion for most of its early history, Sotirianity gained prominence among the lower classes of Solaria. Persecution of Sotirians was lessened dramatically when Emperor Honorious declared the faith the official religion of Sotiria, sidelining the tradiitonal Solarian polytheistic religion. The Solarian Catholic Church consolidated Sotirian literature and dogma.

Weranic tribes, one of many displaced peoples in Solarian territory, began to menace Solarian authority These tribes were particularly troublesome in Solarian Gaullica. Economic troubles, overreliance on slave labor and government corruption had critically weakened the Sotirian Empire. Furthermore, the eruption of Mount Vecuvia led to the destruction of much of Solaria, the jewel in the empire's crown, in AD 395. The Heavenly Dominions rode roughshod over Solaria's territory in North Coius, while Weranic tribes threatened Solaria to the north. These events culminated in the collapse of the Solarian Empire by 424. In its over thousand years of existance, Solaria was crucial in the foundation of law, architecture, and engineering (particularly hydraulics). The language of Solaria, Latin is the ancestor of many of Euclea's most prominent languages, such as Gaullican or Etrurian.

Middle Ages

File:Tagamic War.png
Advance of the Tagamic Horde and various Verliqouian counteroffensives during the Tagamic War

The collapse of the Solarian Empire left a power vacuum in Southern Euclea, which led to the rise of the Verliquoian Empire, centered in Verlois. Led by Claude Gaullica, the empire first pursued conquest in its north, capturing Estmere and Hennehouwe. The Last Solarian Expidition was the empire's greatest expansion, during which Gaullican generals like Tacitus de la Croix conquered the coast of Etruria much of modern-day Tsabara. The campaigns ended in AD 524 and expanded the empire to its height. By that time, various vassals of the empire had been established as far north as modern-day Kirenia. Successive emperors had trouble maintaining their lands and supressing internal rebellion and was often poorly administered. By the 8th century, the empire had decentralized and saw the rise of feudalism. In the meanwhile, Great Vesemir was established as a loose confederation of Marolev principalities; it would collapse in 910.

Decentralization in the Verliquoian Empire's Coian territories led the First Heavenly Dominion. The Tagamic hords commanded by Chanyu Ekkin rolled into and captured most of Verliquoian territory in Coius and mounted an invasion of the the empire's Euclean heartland. In 876, two Tagamic hordes landed in Paretia. The horde rapidly advanced into Euclea, tearing through cities and destabilizing South Euclea. The horde was met with feeble resistance at first and overwhelmed most Euclean armies in its path. The hords was graudally repulsed by the armies of Emperor Philippe II and Saint Chloé in 884, though Euclea would face recurrant skirmishes with Tagamics until the 11th century. The Tagamic invasion weakened the empire, though it was able to wage a successful campaign against the Empire of Arciluco, which also claimed to be a successor to Solaria, in 891. The Empire of Arciluco collapsed in 1000.

The University of Montecara, established in 1291, was a prominent center of learning during the Middle Ages

In North Euclea, Ghailles from Caldia known as Marauders or Lochlananch began a period of widespread raiding and conquest starting from 8th century and ending in the 11th century AD. These raiders, who had been motivated by sundry factors, birthed the Maurader Age of Euclean history and conquered lands in Borland, Estmere, Geatland, Solstiana, and Werania. In addition, there are records of Ghaillish pirates travelling as far south as Rahelia. The Marauders precipitated various political changes in North Euclea, and they were overrrun in many of the places they established a foothold. The First North Sea Empire was formed in 847 and frequently clashed with the raiders. In modern-day Geatland, Gorm the Elder united the Ancient Geatish tribes against the raiders in 944. The Kingdom of Embria, the predecessor state to Estmere, was establisehd in the 11th century. This mass movement of peoples expanded Sotirianity to Euclea's northern reaches. Almost all of Euclea practiced Sotirianity by the 14th century.

The later periods of the Middle Ages was characterized by the growing and expanding influence of the Sotirian Catholic Church, as well as its clashes with the Episemialist Church, culminating in a schism in the year 1385. The rise of Iconoclasm in Western Eculea would also see the outbreak of the Iconoclast Wars in 1408. This period also saw clashes between Euclean Sotirians and Irfan, the most prevalent of these clashes being the War of the Crescent and the Cross. The Medieval Warm Period allowed for greater crop yields that resulted in a population boom on Euclea. Feudalism and manorialism were the two most prevalent economic systems, and society was structured along a rigid heirarchy separating nobility from the peasantry. The system of knighthood was created, whereby knights would swear fealty of arms to a monarch or other ruler in exchange of lands. Consequently, this period saw many clashes between feuding lords eager to snatch up land and expand their wealth. Although this period has been stereotyped as a dark age in historiography and folk history, it saw many advances in theology, poetry, and philosophy. Montecara and other surrounding islands grew very wealthy off of trade between Euclea and Coius, much of which involved the importation and sale of slaves from the latter. Excess wealth from commerce was used to patronize authors, musicians artisans and painters as well as many architectural works.

Early modern period

Main article: History of early modern Euclea (1488-1783)
Euclean colonial possessions in the Asterias, 1740

In 1488, a Caldish expiditionary force led by Assim Asteris discovered the Asterias for Eucleans. This event marked the beginning of the "Age of Discovery," a period of intensive Euclean exploration that prompted the widespread transfer of plants and animals between Euclea and the Asterias. These exchanges encouraged Euclean trade and brought great wealth to the continent, marking the birth of modernity. They also brought diseases to the Asterias, devastating native populations.

Contemporaneously with the discovery and exploitation of the Asterias, Etruria experienced a renaissance of new art styles, literature, architecture, and philosophy. The knowledge of classical Piraean texts, which had previously been lost, was revived and led to the development of humanism.

Euclean powers established colonies in the Asterias and trafficked Bahian slaves there in the Transvehemens slave trade.

This period also saw the expansion of multinational empires in Euclea, such as the Soravian Empire and the Gaullican Empire.

The 16th century saw a reckoning with traditional religion in eastern Euclea when Amendism coalesced as a protest against the Solarian Catholic Church. Religious conflicts and violence culminated in the Amendist Wars from 1582 to 1607. Amendists won territories of their own and consequently religious liberty, but the wars led to the decline of previously cohesive Solarian Catholic entities such as the Rudolphine Confederation.

Conflicts over colonial and territorial possessions fueled wars among Euclean nations during a drawn-out period of crisis. The most devastating was the Ten Years' War of 1711 to 1721, which drew in every major Euclean power and was fought by millions of troops in both Euclea and the Asterias, resulting in hundreds of thousands of civilians killed by war and famine.

In 1737, the Estmerish Civil War ended with the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the rise of liberalism. This period coincided with the Age of Enlightenment, which placed value on reason, empiricism and the scientific method.

Discontent between colonists and the home countries culminated in the Asterian War of Secession, which saw many states in Asteria Superior and Inferior declare and win their independence from various Euclean powers by the end of the 18th century. The loss of Euclean colonies in the Asterias ended the merchantist model of economics and led to the rise of capitalist economies. The industrialization of Euclea in the 18th and 19th centuries transformed most of Euclea's nations from agrarian societies to those based on manufacturing. Euclean industrialization saw the development of machine technology and the rapid advance of technological innovation.

Modern period

Main article: History of modern Euclea (1783-present)

Industrialization and liberalization precipated profound social, political and technological changes. The 1783 Rayenne Revolution started a chain of events that led to concurrent successful republican revolutions in modern-day Etruria, which unified for the first time, and Werania, starting the Euclean Revolution Wars. While the defeat of the Etrurian First Republic in 1810 halted radical republicanism, a revolutionary wave that came to be known as the Euclean Spring had begun, igniting struggles for nation-states over multinational empires, democratization, and the beginning of the end of political absolutism. The Euclean Spring was motivated by liberalism and nationalism, and was expressed most dramatically during Weranian Unification. Weranian unification in turn led to the War of the Triple Alliance, which saw a realignment in the balance of power in Euclea away from Gaullica-Kirenia towards Werania-Estmere. The war also directly led to the First Soravian Civil War from 1857 to 1861, which resulted in the abolition of the Soravian monarchy and the creation of modern Soravia under Eduard Olsov. Some scholars say that the Euclean Spring ended after the Green Revolution was defeated in 1868, although some maintain that it continued until the Vallmo Revolt of 1887 or the abolition of the Etrurian monarchy in 1888.

Gaullican troops overlooking Frankendorf during Great War

These events, alongside the development of industrial capitalism, facilitated a new wave of imperialism. Euclean colonies were established in Coius during the Scramble for Coius, primarily in Bahia and Southeast Coius. In 1813, Baséland was created as a protectorate of Gaullica. Colonialism in Bahia and Rahelia established the Toubacterie, which was often met by unsuccessful resistance by indigenous peoples. The new political landscape was based on a tenuous balance of power between Gaullica, Estmere, Werania, Etruria, and Soravia. This balance of power was upset by the Great Collapse in 1913. The rise of functionalism in Gaullica under Rafael Duclerque and the socialist April Revolution in Kirenia, as well as massive shifts in geopolitics, culminated in the Great War, which began in 1927. The war pitted the Grand Alliance against the Gaullican-led Entente. It was the deadliest conflict in world history, and saw the innovation of new military technologies and strategies such as chemical weapons, trench warfare, tank warfare, and aerial warfare. Despite early successes by the Entente, most notably the total defeat of Estmere early during the war, Entente forces in Euclea were eventually defeated, with Gaullica surrendering in 1934.

The defeat of Gaullica ended its position as a global superpower with the dismantling of its empire, but divisions within the Grand Alliance quickly saw its members fracture into a system of mutual rivalries. The Great War destroyed much of Euclea's industry and killed millions of its people. In response to the violence, various international organizations were established in Euclea, most notably the United Nations of Euclea in 1936. The Great War also resulted in the abolition of the Estmerish and Gaullican monarchies, with the latter ungoing intense de-functionalisation and a transition to liberal democracy, while Etruria embraced neo-functionalism with the creation of the Etrurian Revolutionary Republic. Post-war tensions led to the partition of Miersa into East and West under the Godfredson Plan in 1936. Despite attempts at maintaining peace, a local conflict between Etruria and Piraea ballooned into the Solarian War from 1943 to 1946. Etruria's invasion of various colonial territories and a genocide against ethnic Piraeans resulted in Community of Nations intervention against it that hastened its defeat. The Kirenian-Weranian War from 1949 to 1950 was the last war in Euclea fought between great powers, with Weranian forces decisively defeated by their Kirenian counterparts. The aftermath of the Solarian War combined with the economic recovery of Gaullica saw the formation of Euclean Community that replaced the moribund UNE, with the EC orchestrating economic recovery and the establishment of the postwar consensus.

The signing of the Treaty of Vesalla in 1983 established the euclo as the official currency of the EC

The 1940s and ’50s were marked by a wave of Pan-Bahian and other anti-colonialist movements demanding home rule. This resulted in the decolonization of Bahia and Southeast Coius, a process that was sometimes peaceful, as was the case for Estmerish colonies, but violent in the case of Weranian and Etrurian colonies.

Scientific advancement led to the creation of the atomic bomb by Kirenia in 1955. Six more states developed nuclear weapons before the Treaty of Shanbally came into effect in 1968, limiting nuclear proliferation.

For the second half of the twentieth century, northerneast Euclea remained largely democratic, while southern and western Euclea were authoritarian. The Sostava War, a civil war fought in Soravia from 1979 to 1983, resulted in the collapse of the government and the emergence of the new states of Radushia, Vedmed and Velzemia, as well as the parallel 1979-1982 Miersan War. The same period saw the fall of authoritarian regimes in south Euclea, notably in Etruria, Amathia, Piraea and Slirnia. Many Euclean nations restructured their economies following the 1980 recession, one consequence of which was the rise of globalism. Soravia loosened its grip on its former territories and established Samorspi, while socialist states in northern Euclea created the Mutual Assistance Organisation (MASSOR) in 1999. Meanwhile, the Euclean Community established the Euclean Parliament in 1964, a common monetary system in 1983, and a directly elected president in 2007. The 2005 financial crisis gravely affected the EC, whose status as the preeminent geopolitical organization has been challenged by the continued rise of Coius and Asteria and the growing strength of Samorspi and MASSOR.

Geography

A climate map of Euclea

The Euclean climate is affected by warm currents that temper winters and summers for most of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate elsewhere is severe. Seasonal differences are more noticeable farther inland than in coastal areas.

Politics

An Euler diagram showing relationships between Euclean supranational organizations

Euclea is home to a number of regional organizations, most prominently the Euclean Community, which is currently the world's most fully realized supranational organization. Its member states have agreed to the free movement of goods, people, capital, and services, and have adopted a common currency, the euclo. Other major regional organizations include Samorspi, which brings together states that once comprised the Soravian Empire; the Mutual Assistance Organisation (MASSOR), which consists of the socialist states of northeast Euclea; the Aurean Forum; and the Northern Forum. The Community of Nations is headquartered in the Euclean country of Kesselbourg.

List of states and territories

Name Capital Population Area (km²) Head of State Head of Government Government type
Alsland Yndyk 11,384,499 46,789 Reedik Kaljurand Ottila Möller Semi-presidential republic
Amathia Arciluco 35,852,332 Area Presidency of Amathia Ramona Veleșean Semi-presidential republic
 Auzance Cestiène 11,461,365 57,953 Houbêrt Louxhî Catrene Burnot Council republic
Azmara Aalmsted 10,029,100 43,018 Harald Alekssun Freidrik Aleksaanderssun Parliamentary republic
 Bistravia Bistravia Miensk 10,422,100 171,288 Viktor Kríž Martina Ovoječka Semi-presidential republic
 Blostland Raudrena 6,192,106 90,819 Ravel Backström Tomas Lundberg Parliamentary republic
Caldia Spálgleann 9,257,180 315,093 Kenneth IV Stiofán Mac Suibhne Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
 East Miersa Dyńsk 21,740,000 197,568 Iwo Kłosek Council republic
 Emessa[a] Himera 5,681,900 22,487 Lisandrina Orunesu Xandru Grixti Parliamentary republic
Template:Country data Estmere Morwall 56,519,373 284,874 Alice Roberts Zoe Halivar Parliamentary republic
Etruria Etruria Etruria Poveglia 65,596,083 909,388
Francesco Carcaterra
 Parliamentary republic
Gaullica Verlois 87,176,289 1,149,240 Monique Degar-Abdulrashid Mathéo Turzyna Semi-presidential republic
 Hennehouwe s'Holle 15,424,398 75,828 Adriaan Wilhelm Paulus Rupert van Bleiswijk Parliamentary republic
 Kesselbourg Kesselbourg City 1,424,500 8,000 William II Emmanuel Schmit Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Laudania Turau 11,214,367 149,023 Uladzislau Likhtarovich Barys Trafimau Parliamentary republic
 Montecara  Montecara 1,801,328 981.82
College of State
 Directorial republic
 Paretia Precea 31,203,301 240,886 Erasmo Isilda Cerqueira Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Piraea Alikianos 13,284,889 Area Pavlos Kassapidis Maria Theopeftatou Parliamentary republic
 Salikhia Mtavarangelozi 9,964,740 96,965 Miku Datunashvili Presidential republic
 Scovern Scovern Rimso 27,003,197 884,477 Henrik Ine-Linda Nesby Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
 Soravia Soravia Samistopol 88,081,653 2,985,973 Valentina Goga Nicolai Karpenko Semi-presidential republic
Tengaria Lenovo 22,350,000 305,981 Teodora Kovacheva Presidential republic
 Valduvia Valduvia Priedīši 55,279,300 423,489 Presidium Janis Vilks Council republic
Vedmed Tsivebi 10,578,243 149,023 Erekle Botkoveli Parliamentary republic
Werania Westbrücken 58,579,684 Area Charlotte Anton Raicevich Parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Culture

Map displaying languages in Euclea, organised into the primary linguistic branches of Weranic, Rutto-Marolevic, Solarian, Kireno-Kantemoshan and Tenic.

Notes

  1. ↑ Emessa can be considered part of Rahelia or Southern Euclea; it has historical and sociopolitical connections with both.

Template:Kylaris

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