Tofino
Tofino | |
|---|---|
Capital City | |
 Clockwise from top left: Downtown skyline with Zian Bank Tower dominating the skyline; Kingston District and SealBank Arena with the mountains in the background; Congressional Hall; the Supreme Court of Zamastan; the Headquarters building of the Coalition of Crown Albatross; ; Downtown Tofino, including the New Peace Tower | |
| Etymology: Native Catican: Sea Meets Mountain | |
| Nickname(s): Glass and Pine City | |
 Tofino's location within Zamastan | |
| Country | Zamastan |
| Administrative District (Province) | Zian |
| Founded | April 28, 1711 |
| Founded by | Percy Armillio |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Bryan Donaldson (GLP) |
| Area | |
| • Urban | 876.5 km2 (338.40 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,878.5 km2 (1,111.40 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| • Capital City | 22,870,000 (1st) |
| Tofino-Arinals Metropolitan Area (51,483,000) | |
| Time zone | UTC+7 |
| Website | tofinocity.gov.za |
Tofino is the capital and largest city in Zamastan. With a population of roughly 22,870,000 people within its city limits and an additional 8 million in the surrounding cities, it's often ranked as the second-largest metropolitan area in the Coalition of Crown Albatross after the Yuan capital of Shanghan, as well as one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities. It is a coastal seaport city, located on the Olympic Ocean and on the lower side of Horseshoe Bay. Founded by Percy Armillio in 1711, its history spans back over 300 years, though native Zamah St'ani Catica First Nations (specifically that of the Kelownan peoples) settled along the coastal area of what would one day become the famous city. The city is the largest entity of the Tofino-Arinals Metropolitan Area, which also includes the city of Arinals. The metropolitan area has a population of over 51 million people.
Tofino is the site of many important and culturally significant conferences, festivals, and other events, including the Tofino Film Festival which hosts films from all over the C.C.A., the Tofino Intuition and Ideas Conference which is a media organization conference dedicated to scientific, cultural, and academic topics, and many sporting events such as the Teal Cup. Tofino is home to the headquarters building of the Coalition of Crown Albatross, meaning that delegates all across Iearth meet in General Assembly and Security Council matters. The Secretary-General of the C.C.A., currently Katherine von Wettin, has their office in Tofino as well.
The government and military headquarters of Zamastan operate in and around Tofino, with the Congressional Hall (legislative), Zian Presidential Mansion (executive, President), the Supreme Court of Zamastan (judicial), and the Zamastanian Armed Forces all located within the city. Tofino is home to many national monuments and museums, primarily situated on or around Gaviria Park. The city hosts many foreign embassies as well as the headquarters and campuses of many international organizations, trade unions, non-profit, lobbying groups, and professional associations.
History
Before 1700's
Archaeological records indicate that Catica First Nations people were already living in the "Tofino" area from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The city is located in the traditional and presently unceded territories of the Kelowna, Nuuchahnulth, and Castoni tribes. They had villages in various parts of present-day Tofino, such as Gaviria Park and near the mouth of the Zian River.
Settlement
Adulan explorers became acquainted with the area of the future Tofino when Skithan explorer Percy Armillio explored the coast of present-day Gaviria Park and parts of Coal Inlet in 1711. The Gold Rush of 1739 brought over 25,000 men, mainly from central and eastern Adulan regions such as modern-day Quetana, Mulfulira, and Emmiria, to nearby Arinals (founded March 29, 1737) on the Zian River, on their way to the Vallium Canyon, bypassing what would become Tofino.
Religious institutions brought by Skithan settlers, such as the catholic faith of the Catholic Church of Zamastan and the protestant Church of Zian became prominent in the Tofino area. King Almarez II sent broad amounts of supplies and additional workers - many of them slaves - to the colony to build up the infrastructure and start expanding further into the continent.
Revolution of 1802-1804
Battle of Tofino (1802)
On July 17th, 1802, a slave named Tomias Hapson and a Skithan hand master named Avi Taures, who had developed friendships with the slaves he watched over, raided a munitions depot in the primary settlement of Tofino. After a battle that lasted for several hours, over 300 Skithan soldiers and settlers were killed, and the slave army took over the port. Tomias Hapson and Avi Taures recruited several thousand slaves, along with abolitionist white and native colonists, and began a purge in the city to kill all slave owners and Skithan military and colonial personnel.
Purge of Tofino (1802-1803)
For nearly 11 months, the rebels went on a hunt for colonialists who remained loyal to the crown, and on October 2nd, 1803, a mob killed the mayor and his family while they attempted to reach a departing ship in the port of Maple Bay.
The next week as news reached Skith, King Almarez had issued an order for Hapson and Taures to be executed by any capable man on the island and announced that a reward of over 50,000 shinnels would be given to anyone able to complete the task. He was well aware of the favorable treatment Taures had been giving to the slave laborers on the colony and had also heard rumors about the makeshift army he was assembling in preparation for a rebellion against the Skith crown. In response to this, the King decided to ship approximately 5,000 more Skithan Army soldiers to the colony with the sole mission of suppressing this rebellion should it come to fruition. At the same time, Tomias Hapson was continuing his campaign to rally up supporters for his cause as tension in Zamah St'an rose to a boiling point.
Sacking of the Governor's Residence (1804)
On September 3rd, 1804, the Zamastan War of Independence officially marked its turning point with Hapson and a division of about 50 of his loyal soldiers (a diverse group consisting of native Zamah St'an and slaves as well as national soldiers who shared Taures' ideals) initiating a surprise midnight attack on the Governor's Mansion in the capital of Tofino. Chico Pisano, who was appointed by King Almaraz as his replacement as Governor of the colony, had recently taken up residence there. Hapson and Taures's men, who had come to be known as the National Liberation Front, surrounded the building and strategically made their way towards Pisano's living quarters after breaking their way into the massive residence. Having been provided with substantial weaponry via the many Skithan soldiers who had defected to the NLF, Taures's group of guerilla fighters were surprisingly well-equipped for the operation and even more importantly, most had intense passion for their cause. Not only were the Skithan fighters motivated by the moral disagreements they had with the occupation of Zamastan, but also because it was widely known that soldiers for the Kingdom were not treated much differently than mere peasants back in their homeland. Once they had outlived their usefulness in times of war, they were given lowly jobs back in Skith and given little to no recognition or compensation for risking their lives in the name of their country. Many believed they would be better off assisting Hapson and Taures in their cause and earning the colony its independence, which in turn would create a place where they could create a more desirable society for themselves.
Hapson's decision to conduct the assault on the Governor's Mansion in the middle of the night paid off for the NLF, as they were met with relatively light resistance from Governor Pisano's bodyguards, all of whom were armed and told to be ready for war to break out but were not anticipating the first target to be Governor Pisano. Some were half-asleep as Hapson and his men made their way from hallway to hallway, room to room in search of Pisano; the guards were taken out with very light losses to Hapson's forces with one two of his men sustaining moderate but not life-threatening injuries. Once the NLF team reached Pisano's living quarters and broke the door down after hearing movement inside, they encountered an almost trembling Governor who had managed to arm himself after hearing the commotion throughout the residence. He froze for a moment as he eyed the dozen or so men who stood in his doorway, all with their weapons aimed squarely at him. He made a last-ditch effort to raise his weapon and fire but was gunned down and killed before he was able to fire a single round in their direction.
Skith Abandons the Colonies
Hapson and his men had completed their first major objective; removing the only Skith politician in power in Zamastan and giving their cause the momentum that it needed going forward. Three weeks later, the King of Skith ordered a halt on all shipments and settlement travel to and from the island colonies, and the Free State of Zamah St'an was established on October 28th, 1804 with Tomias Hapson as the de-facto President, Avi Taures as the Chief of Trade and Commerce, and an abolitionist named Henry Tiller as the General of Armed Forces.
Growth and Development
An improved shipping port of Tofino was incorporated on April 6, 1866, the same year that the first transnational train station was established. The Great Tofino Fire on June 13, 1866, razed the entire city. The Tofino Fire Department was established that year and the city quickly rebuilt. Tofino's population grew from a settlement of 40,000 people in 1861 to over 220,000 by the turn of the century and 1,000,000 by 1911.
Tofino merchants outfitted prospectors bound for the Zian Gold Rush in 1898. One of those merchants, Charles Pattington, had opened the first Pattington's store at Gorba and Samuelson Streets in 1892 and, along with Spencer's and the Hudson's Bay department stores, formed the core of the city's retail sector for decades.
The economy of early Tofino was dominated by large companies such as the ZPR, which fueled economic activity and led to the rapid development of the new city; in fact, the ZPR was the main real estate owner and housing developer in the city. While some manufacturing did develop, including the establishment of the Zian Sugar Refinery by Mark Yeunn Rogers in 1890, natural resources became the basis for Tofino's economy. The resource sector was initially based on logging and later on exports moving through the seaport, where commercial traffic constituted the largest economic sector in Tofino by the 1930s.
1919 Tofino Earthquake
At 7:12 am on January 12, 1919, a major earthquake struck Tofino and western Zamastan. As buildings collapsed from the shaking, ruptured gas lines ignited fires that spread across the city and burned out of control for several days. With water mains out of service, the Zamastanian Armed Forces attempted to contain the inferno by dynamiting blocks of buildings to create firebreaks. More than three-quarters of the city lay in ruins, including almost all of the downtown core. Contemporary accounts reported that 1,498 people lost their lives, though modern estimates put the number around 50,000. More than half of the city's population of 1,200,000 was left homeless. Refugees settled temporarily in makeshift tent villages in Gaviria Park, on the beaches, and elsewhere. Many fled permanently to Tirzah.
Twentieth Century
The dominance of the economy by big business was accompanied by an often militant labor movement. The rise of industrial tensions throughout the district led to Zamastan's first general strike in 1920, at the Folsted coal mines on Tofino. Following a lull in the 1920s, the strike wave peaked in 1935 when unemployed men flooded the city to protest conditions in the relief camps run by the military in remote areas throughout the administrative district. After two tense months of daily and disruptive protesting, the relief camp strikers decided to take their grievances to the federal government and embarked on the On-to-Tofino Trek, but their protest was put down by force. The workers were arrested near Jade Harbor and interned in work camps for the duration of the decade.
Other social movements, such as the first-wave feminist, moral reform, and temperance movements were also instrumental in Tofino's development. Elain Ellen Denmer, a Tofino suffragist and prohibitionist, became the first woman elected to a administrative district's legislature in Zamastan in 1918. Zamastan's first drug law came about following an inquiry conducted by the federal Secretary of Labor and future President Tyler Kordia. Kordia was sent to investigate damages claims resulting from a riot when the Euronia Exclusion League led a rampage through Yuanville and Quetanatown. Two of the claimants were opium manufacturers, and after further investigation, Kordia found that white women were reportedly frequenting opium dens as well as Gladysynthian men. A federal law banning the manufacture, sale, and importation of opium for non-medicinal purposes was soon passed based on these revelations. These riots, and the formation of the Euronia Exclusion League, also act as signs of a growing fear and mistrust towards the Gladysynthians living in Tofino and throughout Zian. These fears were exacerbated by the First Danaska War, leading to the eventual internment or deportation of all Gladysynthian-Zamastanians living in the city and the district. After the war, these men and women were not allowed to return to cities like Tofino causing areas, like the aforementioned Laeraltown, to cease to be ethnically diverse areas as the communities never revived.
Amalgamation with Tirzah and Arinals gave the city its final boundaries not long before it became the largest metropolis in the country. As of January 1, 1949, the population of the enlarged Tofino was 3,228,193.
On September 29th, 1972, President Marvin Gaviria was assassinated while delivering a speech outside on the steps of Congressional Hall.
21st Century
The New Peace Tower, constructed in 2004 to commemorate 200 years of Zamastanian independence, was the tallest structure in the city at the time of completion. As of 2019, it is currently the third tallest structure in the city, surpassed by Forrester Tower and Zian Bank Tower.
In the later half of the 2010 decade, Tofino suffered a string of terror attacks, including the 2017 attacks which claimed over 430 lives. The city was the epicenter of the "PoverTea" Protests of 2019, which largely centered around discontent of President Anya Bishop's administration. On November 2nd, several protestors and police officers were killed during the riots in Tofino, resulting in a Congressional Hall motion to remove Bishop from office.
Geography
Located on the Tofino Peninsula, Tofino lies between Vallium Inlet to the north and the Zian River to the north. Horseshoe Bay, to the west, leads out to the Olympic Ocean. The city has an area of 114 km2 (44 sq mi), including both flat and hilly ground. Tofino has one of the largest urban parks in the Coalition of Crown Albatross, Gaviria Park, which covers 404.9 hectares (1,001 acres). The Zian Mountains dominate the cityscape, and on a clear day, scenic vistas include Grouse Mountain and the snow-capped volcano Mount Greening to the southeast, Delk Island in Horseshoe Bay to the west and southwest, and Bowen Island to the northwest.
Ecology
The vegetation in the Tofino area was originally temperate rain forest, consisting of conifers with scattered pockets of maple and alder, and large areas of swampland (even in upland areas, due to poor drainage). The conifers were a typical coastal Zian mix of Douglas fir, Western red cedar, and Western Hemlock. The area is thought to have had the largest trees of these species on the Zian Coast. The largest trees in Tofino's old-growth forest were in the Kingston area, where the first logging occurred, and on the southern slopes of Gills Creek and French Bay, especially around Jericho Beach. The forest in Gaviria Park was logged between the 1860s and 1890s, and evidence of old-fashioned logging techniques such as springboard notches can still be seen there.
Many plants and trees growing throughout Tofino and the Western Mainland were imported from other parts of the continent and from points across the Olympic Ocean. Examples include the monkey puzzle tree, the Maximusian Maple, and various flowering exotics, such as magnolias, azaleas, and rhododendrons. Some species imported from harsher climates in Northern Adula or Nortua have grown to immense sizes. The native Douglas Maple can also attain a tremendous size. Many of the city's streets are lined with flowering varieties of Yuan cherry trees donated from the government of Yuan. These flower for several weeks in early spring each year, an occasion celebrated by the Tofino Cherry Blossom Festival. Other streets are lined with flowering chestnut, horse chestnut, and other decorative shade trees.
Climate
Tofino is one of Zamastan's warmest cities in the winter. Tofino's climate is temperate by Zamastanian standards and is classified as oceanic or marine west coast, bordering on a warm summer Mediterranean Climate. While during summer months the inland temperatures are significantly higher, Tofino has the coolest summer average high of all major Zamastanian metropolitan areas. The summer months are typically dry, with an average of only one in five days during July and August receiving precipitation. In contrast, there is some precipitation during nearly half the days from November through March.
Tofino is also one of the wettest Zamastanian cities. However, precipitation varies throughout the metropolitan area. Annual precipitation as measured at Tofino International Airport on the south side of the city averages 1,189 mm (46.8 in), compared with 1,588 mm (62.5 in) in the downtown area and 2,044 mm (80.5 in) in North Tofino. The daily maximum averages 22 °C (72 °F) in July and August, with highs sometimes reaching 30 °C (86 °F).
Cityscape
As of 2011, Tofino is the most densely populated city in Zamastan. Urban planning in Tofino is characterized by high-rise residential and mixed-use development in urban centers, as an alternative to sprawl. As part of the larger Metro Tofino region, it is influenced by the policy direction of livability as illustrated in Metro Tofino's Regional Growth Strategy.
Tofino has been ranked one of the most livable cities in the Coalition of Crown Albatross for more than a decade. As of 2010, Tofino has been ranked as having one of the highest quality of living of any city in the C.C.A.. In contrast, according to The Tofino Times, Tofino had the sixth-most overpriced real estate market in the world and was second-highest in Euronia after Tirzah in 2007. Tofino has also been ranked among Zamastan's most expensive cities in which to live. Sales in February 2016 were 56.3% higher than the 10-year average for the month. The Tofino Times has also ranked Tofino as the tenth-cleanest city in the C.C.A..
Tofino's characteristic approach to urban planning originated in the late 1950s, when city planners began to encourage the building of high-rise residential towers in Tofino's West End, subject to strict requirements for setbacks and open space to protect sight lines and preserve green space. The success of these dense but livable neighborhoods led to the redevelopment of urban industrial sites, such as North False Creek and Coal Harbor, beginning in the mid-1980s. The result is a compact urban core that has gained international recognition for its "high amenity and 'livable' development". In 2006, the city launched a planning initiative entitled EcoDensity, with the stated goal of exploring ways in which "density, design, and land use can contribute to environmental sustainability, affordability, and livability".
Architecture
The Zian Presidential Mansion is the official residence of the President of Zamastan.
Congressional Hall is the home of the Zamastanian legislature. The bi-lateral departments of the Congress Chamber and the Senate convene in this building.
Zian Bank Tower, the tallest tower in Tofino and Zamastan, as well as the fourth-tallest building in the world.
Forrester Tower, the second tallest tower in Tofino and Zamastan, as well as the fifth tallest building in the world.
New Peace Tower.
M. Gaviria Building, Headquarters of the Z.I.S.
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Tofino's skyline, with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2021, Tofino had 6,455 high-rise buildings, the third most in the world after Gangkou and Shanghan. There are several modern buildings in the downtown area. A collection of Edwardian buildings in the city's old downtown core were, in their day, the tallest commercial buildings in the 1910s. These were, in succession, the Carter-Cotton Building (former home of The Tofino Times newspaper), the Mannax Building (1907) and the Sun Tower (1911), the former two at Cambie and Hastings Streets and the latter at Beatty and Pender Streets. The New Peace Tower, constructed in 2004 to commemorate 200 years of Zamastanian independence, was the tallest structure in the city at the time of completion. As of 2019, it is currently the third tallest structure in the city, surpassed by Forrester Tower and Zian Bank Tower.
The character of Tofino's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. In contrast, Tofino also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as Delk, Belles, and Hapson Heights, large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian.
Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the 1919 Tofino Earthquake. A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the roof-mounted wooden water tower. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could break municipal water pipes. Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, such as Cascades.
Districts
Tofino has 57 specialized districts. The majority are residential priority neighborhoods, with others classified for industrial, environmental, and government purposes. 44 are incorporated, including 2 directly government affiliated (Congressional Park and Embassy Row), and another being Gaviria Park. The 44 incorporated districts are;
- Gaviria Park
- Congressional Park
- Embassy Row
- Armitage (Downtown)
- Jericho Basin (Downtown)
- Kitsilano (Downtown)
- Collingwood (Downtown)
- Donaldson (Downtown)
- Kingston
- French Bay
- Belles
- Fraser
- Point Grey
- Douglass
- Surrey
- Oakridge
- Melali
- Delk
- Sunset
- Gills Creek
- Lopez
- Holland Park
- Cascades
- Killarney
- Hemlock Hills
- Odessa
- North Coone
- South Coone
- Hapson Heights
- Kerrisdale
- Mackay
- Lynntown
- Belcarra
- Derby Ranch
- Little Anchorhead
- Peace Arch
- Tynehead
- Capilano
- Jayna
- Arbutus Ridge
- Colony Farm
- Anmore
- Pitt
- Barnston
As the diplomatic center of Zamastan, several foreign governments have embassies located in the city. Most are located in Embassy Row (Zamastan), a district neighborhood dedicated to ambassador residences and offices.
Parks
The City of Tofino has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the Zamastanian Federal Park Service, the Zian Provincial Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and the Tofino Department of Parks and Recreation. Most notable is Gaviria Park.
- Gaviria Park
- Washing Meadows
- The Bottleneck
- Archie Byrne Park
- Reuben Lane Park
- Lewis Ellis Park
- Kellen Park
- Mooney Park
- Paul Chandler Park
- Glenn Park
- Caleb Duncan Park
- Alaina Hicks Park
- Cook Park
- Higgins Park
- Madisyn Peterson Park
- Aaren Park
- Franky Warner Park
- Chelsea Hopkins Park
- Hugo Botelho Park
- Barnes Park
- Revolutionary Gardens
- Megan Booth Park
Military Installations
There are multiple military instillations in and around Tofino, including ZNB Tofino, ZAB Adam, and three air force bases; AFB Anderson, AFB Mann, and at Tofino International Airport with a contingent of aircraft.
Demographics
The metropolitan area referred to as Greater Tofino, with more than 18.4 million residents, is the most populous metropolitan area in the country, with its inclusion of Arinals across the bay. Tofino has been called a "city of neighborhoods". Each neighborhood in Tofino has a distinct character and ethnic mix. People of Yuaneze, Quetanan, and Skithan origins were historically the largest ethnic groups in the city, and elements of Skithan society and culture are still visible in some areas, particularly South Kingston and Donaldson. Germans are the next-largest European ethnic group in Tofino and were a leading force in the city's society and economy until the rise of anti-Gladysynthian sentiment with the outbreak of the First Danaska War. Today, east-Euronia and Drambenburg are the largest visible ethnic group in the city, with a diverse Yuan-speaking community, and several dialects, including Beleroskov and Jaginistan. Neighborhoods with distinct ethnic commercial areas include the Tintentown, Yuan Market, Little Cadair, Gladysynthiatown, and Birnirville.
The city of Tirzah is classified as a suburb of Tofino, and is known as one of the wealthiest residential areas in the C.C.A.. Several billionaires, actors, politicians, and other celebrities have their residences or vacation homes here.
Population density
Race and ethnicity
Religion
Crime
Crime in Tofino, is concentrated in areas associated with poverty, drug abuse, and gangs. A 2010 study found that 5% of city blocks accounted for over one-quarter of the city's total crime.
The more affluent neighborhoods of Northwest Tofino are typically safe, especially in areas with concentrations of government operations, such as Downtown Tofino, Ironville, Embassy Row, and Jade Quarter, but reports of violent crime increase in poorer neighborhoods generally concentrated in the eastern portion of the city. Approximately 60,000 residents are ex-convicts.
In 2012, Tofino's annual murder count had dropped to 88, the lowest total since 1961. The murder rate has since risen from that historic low, though it remains close to half the rate of the early 2000s. Tofino was once described as the "murder capital" of Zamastan during the early 1990s. The number of murders peaked in 1991 at 479, but the level of violence then began to decline significantly.
Government and politics
Government
Tofino has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor–council form of government since its consolidation in 1828. In Tofino, the city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services.
The Mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms. The City Council is a unicameral body consisting of 51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries. Each term for the mayor and council members lasts four years and has a three consecutive-term limit, which is reset after a four-year break.
Politics
The current mayor of Tofino is Bryan Donaldson, a member of the GLP who was elected on September 22nd, 2017 over 63% of the vote, and assumed office on October 5th, 2017.
Economy
Banking
Tech and biotech
Real estate
Tourism
Media and entertainment
Culture
Festivals
Tofino is the site of many important and culturally significant conferences, festivals, and other events, including the Tofino Film Festival which hosts films from all over the C.C.A., the Tofino Intuition and Ideas Conference which is a media organization conference dedicated to scientific, cultural, and academic topics.
Cuisine
Tofino is home to many restaurants with hundreds of examples of global varieties of food. Zamastanian dishes such as steam-smoked fish (notably salmon and trout). Seafood is the most well known form of food in Tofino due to its proximity to the ocean and isolation thanks to the mountains. Signature sushi roll is done in many ways, but the one consistent ingredient is grilled savory and chewy salmon skin. Busy Tofinoites are often particular about their coffee, and love pour-overs and flavored espresso drinks. There are many cozy independent shops to be found who take their coffee very seriously. Local recommendations are to try soy or almond milk to replace traditional milk and cream at almost any place you find. spot prawn are pink creatures are large, sweet shrimp fished in the waters surrounding Tofino in the month of May. Most fine restaurants in Tofino serve fresh prawns when available.
Landmarks
Gaviria Park is a landscaped urban park in Tofino. It is located near the Congressional Hall grounds, the Zian Presidential Mansion, and is between the downtown neighborhood of Point Gray, Kingston, and the Horseshoe Bay. The term Gaviria Park commonly includes areas that are also officially part of neighboring Congressional Park to the east, as it continues a uniformed park display alongside unique and iconic architectural displays such as Congressional Hall and the Presidential Mansion. Named after President Marvin Gaviria in 1974, the park contains and borders a number of museums, art galleries, cultural institutions, and various memorials, sculptures, and statues. Much of the park remains as densely forested as it was in the late 1800s, with about a half million trees, some of which stand as tall as 76 metres (249 ft) and are hundreds of years old. Thousands of trees were lost (and many replanted) after three major windstorms that took place in the past 100 years. Significant effort was put into constructing the near three century old Tofino Seawall, which can draw thousands of people to the park in the summer. The park also features forest trails, beaches, lakes, children's play areas, and the Tofino Zoo and Aquarium, among many other attractions. The park receives approximately 24 million visitors each year.
The Zamastan National Archives houses thousands of documents important to Zamastanian history, including the the Constitution of Zamastan. Located in three buildings along the corridor of Gaviria Park, the library has a collection of over 147 million books, manuscripts, and other materials.
Libraries and museums
The Tofino Art Gallery has a permanent collection of nearly 10,000 items. However, little or none of the permanent collection is ever on view. Downtown is also home to the Contemporary Art Gallery (Tofino), which showcases temporary exhibitions by up-and-coming Tofino artists.
In the Kingston district are the Tofino Maritime Museum, the Tauren Wells Space Center, and the Tofino Civic Museum, the largest civic museum in Zamastan. The Tofino Museum of Anthropology at University of Tofino is a leading museum of Catica First Nations culture, specifically that of the Kelownan peoples. A more interactive museum is Science World at the head of Jericho Bay. The city also features a diverse collection of Public Art. The most visited museum in the city is the Zamastan Museum of Natural History, and other notable museums and galleries are: the Zamastan Museum of Adulan Art; the National Museum of Zamastanian History; the Museum of the Catica First Nations; The Zamastan Gallery of Art features works of Zamastanian, Adulan, Ausianan, Nortuan, and Euronian art. There are many private art museums in the city, which house major collections and exhibits open to the public such as the Zamastan Museum of Women in the Arts.
Zoo
The Tofino Zoo and Aquarium is the largest zoo in Zamastan and one of the largest in the Coalition of Crown Albatross, holding over 4,000 species of animals.
Music and nightlife
Musical contributions from Tofino include performers of classical, folk and popular music. The Tofino Symphony Orchestra is the professional orchestra based in the city. The Tofino Opera is a major opera company in the city, and City Opera of Tofino is the city's professional chamber opera company. The city is home to a number of Zamastanian composers including Barton Sharman, James Polluck, and Madison Wareka.
Tofino has a vibrant nightlife scene, whether it be food and dining, or bars and nightclubs. Olivar Square is a major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment center, and neighborhood in the Collingwood downtown district along Olivar Street and Velmara Boulevard. Brightly lit by numerous billboards and advertisements, it stretches from West 13th to West 21st Streets, and is sometimes referred to as "the Crossroads of the World" and "the heart of the Capital". Olivar Square is one of the world's most visited tourist attractions, drawing an estimated 50 million visitors annually. Approximately 330,000 people pass through Olivar Square daily, many of them tourists, while over 460,000 pedestrians walk through Olivar Square on its busiest days. The Kingston Entertainment District has the city's highest concentration of bars and nightclubs with closing times of 3 am, in addition to various after-hours clubs open until late morning on weekends. The street can attract large crowds on weekends and is closed to traffic on such nights. Donaldson is also a popular area for nightlife with many upscale restaurants and nightclubs.
Sporting
The mild climate of the city and proximity to ocean, mountains, rivers and lakes make the area a popular destination for outdoor recreation. Tofino has over 1,298 hectares (3,210 acres) of parks, of which, Gaviria Park, at 404 hectares (1,000 acres), is the largest. The city has several large beaches, many adjacent to one another, extending from the shoreline of Gaviria Park around False Creek to the south side of French Bay, from Chinook Hill to the Government Endowment Lands, (which also has beaches that are not part of the city proper). The 18 kilometres (11 mi) of beaches include Second and Third Beaches in Gaviria Park, French Bay (First Beach), Sunset, Chinook Hill Beach, Jericho, Rausch, Meyer Banks, Meyer Banks Extension, Meyer Banks West, and Tannson Beach. There is also a freshwater beach at Trout Lake in Kordia Park. The coastline provides for many types of water sport, and the city is a popular destination for boating enthusiasts.
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Within a 20- to 30-minute drive from downtown Tofino are the North Shore Mountains, with three ski areas: Egret Mountain, Grouse Mountain, and Mount Killiam. Mountain bikers have created world-renowned trails across the North Shore. The Blackfoot River, Abotsford Creek and Phelan River, also on the North Shore, provide opportunities to whitewater enthusiasts during periods of rain and spring melt, though the canyons of those rivers are more utilized for hiking and swimming than whitewater.
Running races include the Tofino Sun Run (a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) race) every April; the Tofino Marathon, held every May; and the Elsuit Tofino Half-Marathon held every June. The Grouse Grind is a 2.9-kilometre (1.8 mi) climb up Grouse Mountain open throughout the summer and fall months, including the annual Grouse Grind Mountain Run. Hiking trails include the Stella-Chinook Trail, an arduous 42-kilometre-long (26 mi) hike from West Tofino's Tapico Bay to Deep Cove in the District of North Tofino. Tofino is also home to notable cycling races.
Tofino hosts teams from all of the Big 5 in Zamastan; the ZFL (Tofino Whitecaps), Zamastan Baseball League (Tofino Seals), Zamastan Soccer League (Tofino United FC), Zamastan Hockey League (Tofino Pelicans), and Basketball Association of Zamastan (Tofino Mariners). The Football Teal Cup is held in Tofino every year as the final championship game in the league.
Tofino was the host city for the 1958 and 2004 Summer Olympics, the 1993 World Cup, and the 2000, 2004, 2005, and 2017 Euronia Games.
Current professional teams
Orris Stadium, Tofino United FC
ZSL
Transportation
Rapid Transport
Mass transit in Tofino, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every four users of mass transit in Zamastan, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the Tofino-Arinals Metropolitan Area.
Rail
The Tofino Subway System is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 364, and by length of routes. Nearly all of Tofino's subway system is open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Cardiff, Ponamu, Lerbin, Austrolisia and Skithiana. The Tofino Subway is also the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the world, with 1.56 billion passenger rides in 2015, while William Castovia Central Terminal, also referred to as "Tofino Central Station", is the world's largest railway station by number of train platforms.
Buses
The Tofino Bus Terminal, the main intercity bus terminal of the city, serves 6,800 buses and 200,000 commuters daily.
Air
Ferries
Taxis and trams
Streets and highways
River crossings
Cycling network
Environment
Environmental impact reduction
Water purity and availability
Air quality
Notable people
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