Davil of Kolhar: Difference between revisions
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| post = Davil | | post = Davil | ||
| body = the Federal State of Kolhar | | body = the Federal State of Kolhar | ||
| native_name = <small>{{Phagspa|h| | | native_name = <small>{{Phagspa|h|ꡊꡦꡓꡞꡘ ꡞ ꡀꡟꡂ ꡘꡠꡋꡌꡦꡋ ꡞ ꡢꡡꡘꡦꡘ}}<br><i>davil i kug renpan i qorar</i></small> | ||
| insignia = | | insignia = | ||
| insigniacaption = | | insigniacaption = | ||
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The '''Davil of Kolhar''', officially the '''Davil of the Federal State of Kolhar''', is the {{ | The '''Davil of Kolhar''', officially the '''Davil of the Federal State of Kolhar''', is the {{wp|head of state}} and {{wp|head of government}} of [[Kolhar]]. The position was established in 1938 after the {{wp|Abolition of monarchy|abolition}} of the Kolhari monarchy at the hands of [[Kulug Orus]], the last King of Kolhar, as part of the [[Kulug reforms]] that established the modern state of Kolhar. | ||
The position is officially directly elected for a term of five years, by citizens of Kolhar who have reached at least 20 years of age. However, every election for the position of Davil is considered by observers to have been {{ | The position is officially directly elected for a term of five years, by citizens of Kolhar who have reached at least 20 years of age. However, every election for the position of Davil is considered by observers to have been {{wp|Electoral fraud|rigged}}. The current Davil, [[Arez Brionan]], assumed office in 2003 in a special session of the [[Congress of Kolhar]] following the death of his predecessor [[Amin Dumar]]. He first won office in the 2005 Kolhari general election, though the vote was widely considered by observers to be fraudulent. | ||
==Eligibility== | ==Eligibility== | ||
The [[Constitution of Kolhar]] | The [[Constitution of Kolhar]] sets out the requirements for someone to be eligible to become Davil. They are as follows: | ||
*Must be at least 25 years old | |||
*Must be fluent in the official language ([[Kolhari language|Kolhari]]) | |||
*Must have been born in Kolhar | |||
*Must have resided in Kolhar continuously for 20 years at the time of running | |||
*Must be, and have been, a first-class citizen from birth | |||
The way the final requirement is worded also excludes those who, under Kolhar's class-based citizenship system, are technically second-class citizens but have been granted "honorary first-class" status. As a result, it effectively limits eligibility to only those born into the [[Clans of Kolhar#Okla|Okla clan]]. | |||
===Election=== | ===Election=== | ||
The constitution further states that the position of Davil shall be chosen by a popular vote by all citizens of Kolhar. First-class citizens older than 20 years are allowed to vote without any restrictions. However, second-class citizens are required to pay a hefty {{ | The constitution further states that the position of Davil shall be chosen by a popular vote by all citizens of Kolhar. First-class citizens older than 20 years are allowed to vote without any restrictions. However, second-class citizens are required to pay a hefty {{wp|poll tax}} and pass a {{wp|literacy test}} on top of being at least 20 years old. Furthermore, any citizen convicted of a {{wp|felony}} automatically loses the right to vote. As a result, many Kolhari people are denied the right to vote, and the person who holds the position of Davil has free reign over who inherits it. | ||
==Powers and limits== | |||
The constitution of Kolhar officially limits the Davil's powers to executive affairs and foreign affairs, with legislative affairs being handed to the [[Congress of the Federal State of Kolhar]]. It also vests within them the power to call for a declaration of war (though the power to actually declare war lies with Congress). The Davil is also the supreme commander in chief of the armed forces, and can issue orders to the armed forces. The Davil all judges in Kolhar, and has the power to dismiss them as they see fit. This power has been used multiple times to strip judges of their positions if they do not follow the Davil's requests. | |||
In practice, however, the Davil excersizes limitless authority, acting as the absolute dictator of the country. The Kolhari Congress acts as a {{wp|Rubber stamp (politics)|rubber stamp}}, and has never denied a legislative request from the Davil. | |||
==List of Davil's of Kolhar== | |||
The following is a list of Davil's who have served in the office to date. | |||
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center" | |||
! rowspan="2" width="20" align="left" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} | |||
! rowspan="2" width="80" |Portrait | |||
! rowspan="2" width="200" |Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |Elected | |||
! colspan="3" width="100" align="center" |Term of office | |||
! rowspan="2" width="100" align="left" |Political party | |||
|- | |||
!Took office | |||
!Left office | |||
!Time in office | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="1" |1 | |||
| rowspan="1" align="center" |[[File:Wu_Peifu_with_sword.jpg|100px]] | |||
| rowspan="1" |'''[[Kulug Orus]]'''<br /><small>(1902-1963)</small> | |||
| rowspan="1" | | |||
1938 (acting) | |||
1940 (elected) | |||
| align="center" |19 March 1938 | |||
| align="center" |21 June 1963 | |||
| rowspan="1" |{{ayd|19 March 1938|21 June 1963}} | |||
| rowspan="1" align="center" |[[Kolhari Advancement Party]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="1" |2 | |||
| rowspan="1" align="center" |[[File:Kuniaki Koiso 2.jpg|100px]] | |||
| rowspan="1" |'''[[Ka'ul Doral]]'''<br /><small>(1918-1976)</small> | |||
| rowspan="1" | | |||
1963 (acting)<br> | |||
1965 (elected) | |||
| align="center" |27 September 1963 | |||
| align="center" |31 October 1976 | |||
| rowspan="1" |{{ayd|27 September 1963|31 October 1976}} | |||
| rowspan="1" align="center" |[[Kolhari Advancement Party]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="1" |3 | |||
| rowspan="1" align="center" |[[File:Уткир_Султанов.png|100px]] | |||
| rowspan="1" |'''[[Amin Dumar]]'''<br /><small>(1937-2003)</small> | |||
| rowspan="1" | | |||
1976 (acting)<br> | |||
1980 (elected) | |||
| align="center" |23 December 1976 | |||
| align="center" |12 February 2003 | |||
| rowspan="1" |{{ayd|23 December 1976|12 February 2003}} | |||
| rowspan="1" align="center" |[[Kolhari Advancement Party]] | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="1" |4 | |||
| rowspan="1" align="center" |[[File:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (2017-10-11) 02.jpg|100px]] | |||
| rowspan="1" |'''[[Arez Brionan]]'''<br /><small>(1978-)</small> | |||
| rowspan="1" | | |||
2003 (acting)<br> | |||
2005 (elected) | |||
| align="center" |7 April 2003 | |||
| align="center" |''Incumbent'' | |||
| rowspan="1" |{{ayd|7 April 2003}} | |||
| rowspan="1" align="center" |[[Kolhari Advancement Party]] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:Kolhar]] | [[Category:Kolhar]] | ||
{{Eurth}} |
Latest revision as of 14:30, 28 October 2024
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Davil of the Federal State of Kolhar | |
---|---|
ꡊꡦꡓꡞꡘ ꡞ ꡀꡟꡂ ꡘꡠꡋꡌꡦꡋ ꡞ ꡢꡡꡘꡦꡘ davil i kug renpan i qorar | |
Status | Head of state |
Seat | Vakor |
Appointer | Popular vote |
Term length | 5 years, renewable |
Inaugural holder | Kulug Orus |
Formation | 19 March 1938 |
The Davil of Kolhar, officially the Davil of the Federal State of Kolhar, is the head of state and head of government of Kolhar. The position was established in 1938 after the abolition of the Kolhari monarchy at the hands of Kulug Orus, the last King of Kolhar, as part of the Kulug reforms that established the modern state of Kolhar.
The position is officially directly elected for a term of five years, by citizens of Kolhar who have reached at least 20 years of age. However, every election for the position of Davil is considered by observers to have been rigged. The current Davil, Arez Brionan, assumed office in 2003 in a special session of the Congress of Kolhar following the death of his predecessor Amin Dumar. He first won office in the 2005 Kolhari general election, though the vote was widely considered by observers to be fraudulent.
Eligibility
The Constitution of Kolhar sets out the requirements for someone to be eligible to become Davil. They are as follows:
- Must be at least 25 years old
- Must be fluent in the official language (Kolhari)
- Must have been born in Kolhar
- Must have resided in Kolhar continuously for 20 years at the time of running
- Must be, and have been, a first-class citizen from birth
The way the final requirement is worded also excludes those who, under Kolhar's class-based citizenship system, are technically second-class citizens but have been granted "honorary first-class" status. As a result, it effectively limits eligibility to only those born into the Okla clan.
Election
The constitution further states that the position of Davil shall be chosen by a popular vote by all citizens of Kolhar. First-class citizens older than 20 years are allowed to vote without any restrictions. However, second-class citizens are required to pay a hefty poll tax and pass a literacy test on top of being at least 20 years old. Furthermore, any citizen convicted of a felony automatically loses the right to vote. As a result, many Kolhari people are denied the right to vote, and the person who holds the position of Davil has free reign over who inherits it.
Powers and limits
The constitution of Kolhar officially limits the Davil's powers to executive affairs and foreign affairs, with legislative affairs being handed to the Congress of the Federal State of Kolhar. It also vests within them the power to call for a declaration of war (though the power to actually declare war lies with Congress). The Davil is also the supreme commander in chief of the armed forces, and can issue orders to the armed forces. The Davil all judges in Kolhar, and has the power to dismiss them as they see fit. This power has been used multiple times to strip judges of their positions if they do not follow the Davil's requests.
In practice, however, the Davil excersizes limitless authority, acting as the absolute dictator of the country. The Kolhari Congress acts as a rubber stamp, and has never denied a legislative request from the Davil.
List of Davil's of Kolhar
The following is a list of Davil's who have served in the office to date.
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
1 | Kulug Orus (1902-1963) |
1938 (acting) 1940 (elected) |
19 March 1938 | 21 June 1963 | 25 years, 94 days | Kolhari Advancement Party | |
2 | Ka'ul Doral (1918-1976) |
1963 (acting) |
27 September 1963 | 31 October 1976 | 13 years, 34 days | Kolhari Advancement Party | |
3 | Amin Dumar (1937-2003) |
1976 (acting) |
23 December 1976 | 12 February 2003 | 26 years, 51 days | Kolhari Advancement Party | |
4 | Arez Brionan (1978-) |
2003 (acting) |
7 April 2003 | Incumbent | 21 years, 255 days | Kolhari Advancement Party |