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Dazhdin grammar: Difference between revisions

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==Adjectives==
==Adjectives==
===Indefinite===
===Indefinite adjectives===
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!rowspan="3"|Grade !!colspan="12"|Positive !!colspan="2" rowspan="3"|Comparative
!rowspan="3"|Grade !!colspan="12"|Positive !!colspan="2" rowspan="3"|Comparative

Revision as of 14:26, 26 September 2021

FIAV 011011.svg Dazhdin state flag

The Dazhdin grammar (Dazhdin: Daẑinčinska gramatıka / Даҗінчінска граматика) is a set of rules that guide the usage of the Dazhdin language.

Introduction

The Dazhdin language recognizes 11 grammatical cases, 3 grammatical numbers and 3 grammatical genders (out of which one is broken down by animacy).

The cases can be broken down into "independent cases" (there are 7 of them) and "subservient cases" (there are 4 of them):

  • Nominative - NOM. - commonly used - Mųžъ; Grad; Žena; Dětě
  • Accusative - ACC. - commonly used - Mųža; Grad; Ženu; Dětě
  • Genitive - GEN. - commonly used - Mųža; Gradu; Ženy; Dětěta
  • Dative - DAT. - commonly used - Mųži; Gradu; Ženě; Dětěti
  • Locative - LOC. - commonly used - Mųži; Gradu; Ženě; Dětěti
    • Illative - ILL. - moderately used - Mųžaj; Gradas; Ženųn; Dětos
    • Adessive - ADE. - on the way of extinction - Mųžol; Gradol; Ženol; Děťol
    • Allative - ALL. - rarely used - Mųžъpi; Gradop; Ženup; Dětьepi
  • Instrumentative - INS. - commonly used - Mųžom; Gradom; Ženoju; Dětěm
    • Translative - TRA. - rarely used - Mųžųm; Gradųm; Ženą; Dětěm
  • Vocative - VOC. - moderately used - Mųžı; Grade; Ženo; Dětьe

Nouns

Gender Masculine Feminine (ta) Neuter (to)
Animate (ten) Inanimate (toj)
Root Mųž Bratr Grad Nož Kamen Žen Duš Kosŧ Mat Slov Mor Im Kur
Singular
NOM. Mųž-ъ Bratr-ъ Grad-ø Nož-ø Kamen-ø Žen-a Duš-a Kosŧ-ø Mat-ь Slov-o Mor-ě Im-ę Kur-ě
ACC. Mųž-a Bratr-a Grad-ø Nož-ø Kamen-ø Žen-u Duš-i Kosŧ-ø Mat-ěr Slov-o Mor-ě Im-ę Kur-ě
GEN. Mųž-a Bratr-a Grad-u Nož-e Kamen-e Žen-y Duš-e Kost-i Mat-ěri Slov-a Mor-ě Im-ene Kur-ěta
DAT. Mųž-i Bratr-u Grad-u Nož-i Kamen-i Žen-ě Duš-i Kost-i Mat-ěri Slov-u Mor-ju Im-ěni Kur-ěti
LOC. Mųž-ovı Bratr-ovı Grad-u Nož-i Kamen-i Žen-ě Duš-i Kost-i Mat-i Slov-u Mor-ju Im-ěni Kur-ěti
ILL. (Arch.) Mųž-aj Bratr-aj Grad-as Nož-as Kamen-os Žen-ųn Duš-ųn Kosŧ-ųn Mat-ěn Slov-os Mor-uj Im-iňas Kur-os
ADE. (Arch.) Mųž-ol Bratr-ol Grad-ol Nož-ol Kamen-ol Žen-ol Duš-ol Kosŧ-ol Mat-ıol Slov-ol Mor-ol Im-iňol Kur-ol
ALL. (Arch.) Mųž-ъpi Bratr-ъpi Grad-op Nož-op Kamen-opi Žen-up Duš-up Kosŧ-up Mat-ıpi Slov-op Mor-op Im-inip Kur-ьepi
INS. Mųž-om Bratr-om Grad-om Nož-om Kamen-om Žen-ojų Duš-ojų Kosŧ-ojų Mat-ьjų Slov-em Mor-ěm Im-ěm Kur-ětem
TRA. (Arch.) Mųž-ųm Bratr-ųm Grad-ųm Nož-ųm Kamen-ųm Žen-ą Duš-ą Kosŧ-ą Mat-◌̌ą Slov-ęm Mor-ęm Im-ęm Kur-ęm
VOC. (Arch.) Mųž-i Bratr-e Grad-e Nož-i Kamen-i Žen-o Duš-e Kost-i Mat-ko Slov-o Mor-ě Im-ę Kur-ě
Dual
NOM.[a] Mųž-a Bratr-a Grad-a Nož-a Kamen-a Žen-ě Duš-i Kost-i Mat-ě Slov-ě Mor-ji Im-ě Kur-ě
ACC. Mųž-u Bratr-u Grad-a Nož-a Kamen-a Žen-ě Duš-i Kost-i Mat-š Slov-š Mor-ji Im-š Kur-š
GEN. Mųž-ų Bratr-ų Grad-ų Nož-ų Kamen-ų Žen-ų Duš-ų Kosŧ-ų Mat-◌̌ų Slov-ų Mor-ų Im-ejų Kuř-jų
DAT.[b] Mųž-ema Bratr-ama Grad-ama Nož-ima Kamen-ama Žen-ama Duš-ama Kosŧ-ąma Mat-◌̌ama Slov-ama Mor-ama Im-jama Kur-jąma
LOC.[c] Mųž-u Bratr-u Grad-u Nož-u Kamen-u Žen-u Duš-u Kosŧ-u Mat-◌̌u Slov-u Mor-u Im-ěju Kur-ju
Plural
NOM.[d] Mųž-i Bratr-i Grad-y Nož-e Kamen-ı Žen-y Duš-e Kost-i Mat-eri Slov-a Mor-ě Im-ě Kur-ěta
ACC. Mųž-e Bratr-i Grad-y Nož-e Kamen-e Žen-y Duš-e Kost-i Mat-erě Slov-a Mor-ě Im-ě Kur-ěta
GEN. Mųž-ov Bratr-ov Grad-ov Nož-ov Kamen-ov Žen-ø Duš-ej Kost-iji Mat-erij Slov-ø Mor-ěj Im-ěn Kur-ět
DAT. Mųž-om Bratr-om Grad-om Nož-om Kamen-om Žen-am Duš-am Kosŧ-am Mat-ěram Slov-am Mor-am Im-ěnam Kur-ětam
LOC.[e] Mųž-eh Bratr-ah Grad-eh Nož-ah Kamen-ah Žen-ah Duš-ih Kost-ih Mat-ěrih Slov-ah Mor-ěh Im-ěh Kur-ětěh
ILL. (Arch.) Mųž-ajųm Bratr-ajųm Grad-ąsum Nož-ąsum Kamen-ųsom Žen-anųs Duš-anųs Kost-anųs Mat-ěnas Slov-ųsom Mor-ujin Im-ěnin Kur-nin
INS. Mųž-emi Bratr-ami Grad-emi Nož-ami Kamen-ami Žen-ami Duš-imi Kost-imi Mat-ěrimi Slov-ami Mor-ěmi Im-ěmi Kur-ětěmi
Translations
P.I.E. Mongʷyós Bʰréh₂tēr Gʰordʰos H₁noǵʰyo H₂éḱmō Gʷḗn Dʰowsyeh₂ H₃ésth₁ Méh₂tēr Ḱléwos Móri H₁nómn̥ —
P.B.S. Mangjás Brā́ˀtē Gárdas Knóžas Kā́ˀmō Génāˀ Dáuṣjāˀ Kost Mā́ˀtē Ślawas Mári Inˀmen —
P. Slavic Mǫžь Bratrъ Gȏrdъ Nožь Kàmy Ženà Dušà Kȍstь Màti Slȍvo Mořè Jь̏mę Kùra
English Man Brother City Knife Stone Woman Soul Bone Mother Word Sea Name Chicken
Note: if the suffix ends with and -ı or -i and the letter in front of it doesn't allow it, the letter is to be intechanged
  1. ↑ Dual nominative is merged with vocative
  2. ↑ Dual dative is merged with instrumentative & translative
  3. ↑ Dual locative absorbed the derivate cases of illative, adessive & allative
  4. ↑ Plural nominative is merged with translative & vocative
  5. ↑ Plural locative absorbed the derivate cases of adessive & allative

Adjectives

Indefinite adjectives

Grade Positive Comparative
Descriptive Possessive
Hard Soft Hard Soft
Gender Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine[a] Feminine
Root Mald Svěž Ojcųv Maŧčin Lěpš
Singular
NOM.[b] Mald-ъ Mald-o Mald-a Svěz-ь Svěž-e Svěž-a Ojcųv-ø Ojcųv-o Ojcųv-a Maŧčin-ø Maŧčin-o Maŧčin-a Lěpš-i Lěpš-a
ACC. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
GEN. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
DAT. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
LOC.[c] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
ILL. (Arch.) -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
INS. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
Dual
NOM.[d] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
GEN.[e] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
DAT.[f] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
Plural
NOM.[g] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
ACC. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
GEN.[h] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
DAT. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
ILL. (Arch.) -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
INS. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
Translations
P.I.E. H₂moldus — Átta (noun) Méh₂tēr (noun) —
P.B.S. Maldas Swaigis At (noun) Mā́ˀtē (noun) Laukīˀtei
P. Slavic Moldъ Svěžь Otьcь (noun) Màti (noun) Lučьjь
English Young Fresh Father's Mother's Better
Note: if the suffix ends with and -ı or -i and the letter in front of it doesn't allow it, the letter is to be intechanged
  1. ↑ Comparative adjective inflection has completely merged masculine and neuter genders
  2. ↑ Singular nominative is merged with translative & vocative
  3. ↑ Singular locative absorbed the derivate cases of adessive & allative
  4. ↑ Dual nominative is merged with accusative and vocative
  5. ↑ genitive merged with locative and therefore also absorbed the derivate cases of illative, adessive & allative
  6. ↑ Dual dative is merged with instrumentative & translative
  7. ↑ Plural nominative is merged with translative & vocative
  8. ↑ Plural genitive merged with locative and therefore also absorbed the derivate cases of adessive & allative

Definite

Grade Positive Comparative
Descriptive Possessive
Hard Soft Hard Soft
Gender Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine[a] Feminine
Root Mald Svěž Ojcųv Maŧčin Lěpš
Singular
NOM.[b] Mald-yjъ Mald-oje Mald-aja Svěž-ijь Svěž-eje Svěž-aja Ojcųv-ojъ Ojcųv-ojo Ojcųv-aja Maŧčin-ıjь Maŧčin-ejo Maŧčin-aja Lěpš-ıj Lěpš-ъja
ACC. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
GEN. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
DAT. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
LOC.[c] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
ILL. (Arch.) -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
INS. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
Dual
NOM.[d] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
GEN.[e] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
DAT.[f] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
Plural
NOM.[g] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
ACC. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
GEN.[h] -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
DAT. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
ILL. (Arch.) -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
INS. -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -' -'
Translations
P.I.E. H₂moldus — Átta (noun) Méh₂tēr (noun) —
P.B.S. Maldas Swaigis At (noun) Mā́ˀtē (noun) Laukīˀtei
P. Slavic Moldъ Svěžь Otьcь (noun) Màti (noun) Lučьjь
English Young Fresh Father's Mother's Better
Note: if the suffix ends with and -ı or -i and the letter in front of it doesn't allow it, the letter is to be intechanged
  1. ↑ Comparative adjective inflection has completely merged masculine and neuter genders
  2. ↑ Singular nominative is merged with translative & vocative
  3. ↑ Singular locative absorbed the derivate cases of adessive & allative
  4. ↑ Dual nominative is merged with accusative and vocative
  5. ↑ genitive merged with locative and therefore also absorbed the derivate cases of illative, adessive & allative
  6. ↑ Dual dative is merged with instrumentative & translative
  7. ↑ Plural nominative is merged with translative & vocative
  8. ↑ Plural genitive merged with locative and therefore also absorbed the derivate cases of adessive & allative

Pronouns

Person First Second Third Reflexive Relational
Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine Neuter Feminine
Animate Inanimate
Singular
NOM.[a] Ja Tı On Ono Ona — Jenžь Ježь
ACC. Ma Těba Jego/Něj/Onęn Jej/Ně/Ono Jų/Ni/Onų Se Jegož/Něgož Jejž/Nějž Jųž/Niž Jež/Něž
GEN. Mňa Těba Jej/Něj/Oněj Jij/Nij/Onej Sebe Jegož/Něgož Jež/Něž
DAT. Mně Těbe Jej/Něj/Onomu Jij/Nij/Onoj Sobě Jemųž/Němųž Jijž/Nijž
LOC.[b] Mně Těbě Jim/Něm/Onom Jij/Nij/Onoj Sobę Jemųž/Němųž Jijž/Nijž
ILL. (Arch.) Mňas Těbaj Jiǯųn/Niǯųn/Onaj Sebaj Jemųn/Němųn Jijųž/Nijųž
INS. Mnojų Tvojų Jim/Nim/Oněm Jojų/Nějų/Onojų Sebojų Jimž/Nimž Již/Niž
TRA. (Arch.) Mną Těbą Jim/Nim/Onim Jojų/Nějų/Onějų Sebą — — — —
POS. Moj Tvoj Jego Jej Svoj — — — —
Dual
NOM.[c]
GEN.[d]
DAT.
LOC.[e]
INS.
Plural
NOM.[f]
ACC.
GEN.
DAT.
LOC.[g]
INS.
POS.
Translations
P.I.E.
P.B.S.
P. Slavic
English
Note: For third persons, J- stem is for regular use, N- stem is for use after a preposition and O- stem is for use when the pronoun is related to a noun

Articles

Person Definite (the) Pointing (that)
Masculine Neuter Feminine Masculine Neuter Feminine
Animate Inanimate Animate Inanimate
Singular
NOM.[h] Ten Toj To Ta Tento Tojto Toto Tato
ACC. Tęgo Togo To Tu Tento Tojto Toto Tuto
GEN. Tęgo Togo Tej Tęgoto Togoto Tejto
DAT.
LOC.[i]
ILL. (Arch.)
INS.
TRA. (Arch.)
Dual
NOM.[j]
GEN.
DAT.
LOC.[k]
INS.
Plural
NOM.[l]
ACC.
GEN.
DAT.
LOC.[m]
INS.
Translations
P.I.E.
P.B.S.
P. Slavic
English
  1. ↑ Singular nominative is merged with vocative
  2. ↑ Singular locative absorbed the derivate cases of adessive & allative
  3. ↑ Dual nominative is merged with accusative, translative & vocative
  4. ↑ Dual genitive is merged with possessive
  5. ↑ Dual locative absorbed the derivate cases of illative, adessive & allative
  6. ↑ Plural nominative is merged with translative & vocative
  7. ↑ Plural locative absorbed the derivate cases of illative, adessive & allative
  8. ↑ Singular nominative is merged with vocative
  9. ↑ Singular locative absorbed the derivate cases of adessive & allative
  10. ↑ Dual nominative is merged with accusative, translative & vocative
  11. ↑ Dual locative absorbed the derivate cases of illative, adessive & allative
  12. ↑ Plural nominative is merged with translative & vocative
  13. ↑ Plural locative absorbed the derivate cases of illative, adessive & allative
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