Tiyanggiri language

Tiyanggiri
Yasa'õ Gârâné
Pronunciation	/jasaˈʔɤ gɨrɨˈne/
Native to	Kertosono
Region	Northern Kertosono
Ethnicity	Tiyanggiri
Native speakers	L1: 41,500
Language family	Isolate
Writing system	latin script
Official status
Recognised minority language in	Kertosono Nglasem
Language codes
ISO 639-1	TG
ISO 639-2	TYG
ISO 639-3	TYG

The Tiyanggiri language (Tiyanggiri: Yasa'õ Gârâné, IPA: /jasaˈʔɤ gɨrɨˈne/), also known as Giri, is a language spoken exclusively by the Tiyanggiri people which inhabit northern Kertosono in the lands of Nglasem and ind the Duchy of Ambarawa. Tiyanggiri is a language isolate, and doesn't share any of the common roots of languages it borders. The Tiyanggiri language is virtually spoken by the Tiyanggiri people, almost all of which are also fluent in the Kertic language. There are around 41,500 native speakers of Tiyanggiri, of which around 38,000 live in the traditional Tiyanggiri lands, and the rest living in other parts of Kertosono.

The traditional area in which Tiyanggiri is spoken has considerably shrunk, previously encompassing some parts of north-central Kertosono and parts of Porto Greco. Traditionally, Tiyanggiri was split into 4 major areas, with only the northernmost area surviving to this day. With the proclamation and establishment of Porto Greco, as well as the foundation of Kertosono in 1901, the Kertic peoples progressively moved and migrated more into traditional Tiyanggiri lands. As Kertic was the more dominant language, the majority of Tiyanggiri became fluent in the language, thus alleviating the need for Kertic newcomers to learn the Tiyanggiri language to communicate. The modern area in which Tiyanggiri is spoken in encompasses the majority of Nglasem, as well as the northern parts of Ambarawa, which constitute the northernmost portion of the traditional Tiyanggiri areas.

Under the various kingdoms prior to Kertosono and the influence of the Singhasaren monarchs, the use of Tiyanggiri was discouraged. Schools and all media were banned from using Tiyanggiri as fears of revolt and insurrection arose. Under Kertosono, the use of Tiyanggiri was outright forbidden by the early monarchs as it was feared that the language could "corrupt" the Kertic language, which was seen as "pure". Such bans were relaxed in 1957 when the first media written in Tiyanggiri was published. Tiyanggiri had already adopted a latin script introduced from Porto Greco, as using the Kertic script was seen as a sign of defeat by most Tiyanggiri scholars. From a linguistic point of view, writing Tiyanggiri in the Kertic script also posed its challenges, as the Tiyanggiri language contained more phonemes than there are characters in the Kertic script, and major modifications must have been done to adapt the script for Tiyanggiri, something most Kertics were against. In an effort to create a linguistic identity, the first Tiyanggiri language congress was held in 1962, and a standardized Tiyanggiri baku language was proclaimed as the official way to write Tiyanggiri.

As a linguistic isolate, Tiyanggiri has no known linguistic relatives. It was hypothesized that the Tiyanggiri peoples migrated into what is present-day Ambarawa and Sragen a milennia before the Austronesian migrations into the area. As the terrain was rugged, the Tiyanggiri people were disconnected from any major outside groups, including the Kertic peoples. The language features some features uncommon to the area, such as ergative alignment, initial consonant mutations, as well as a more complex verb system than Kertic. Originally, Tiyanggiri did not have any registers. With intensive contact with the Kertic language, which had differing registers and styles depending on context, Tiyanggiri developed a T-V distinction in its pronouns, as well as the practice replacing some native words with their Kertic equivalents in order to sound more polite.