Mahanan: Difference between revisions
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| states = {{flag|Mahana}} | | states = {{flag|Mahana}} | ||
| region = [[Orient]] | | region = [[Orient]] | ||
| speakers = c. | | speakers = c. 30 million+ | ||
| date = 2012 | | date = 2012 | ||
| familycolor = | | familycolor = Europan | ||
| fam2 = [[Mekabiri|Euro-Alainean]] | | fam2 = [[Mekabiri|Euro-Alainean]] | ||
| fam3 = {{wp|Indo-Aryan languages|Tseiamit}} | | fam3 = {{wp|Indo-Aryan languages|Tseiamit}} | ||
Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
| iso3 = mah | | iso3 = mah | ||
| glotto = | | glotto = | ||
| map = | | map = File:Major Mahanan speaking populations.png | ||
| mapcaption = | | mapcaption = A map of the major Mahanan speaking areas in Central Orient. | ||
| notice = IPA | | notice = IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Mandhata_Shahi-_SAKE-1612.jpg|thumb|190px|Copper Inscription in the old Khaddic form of Mahanan.]] | |||
==Literature== | ==Literature== | ||
==Geographical Distribution== | ==Geographical Distribution== | ||
Line 48: | Line 49: | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
====Monophtongs==== | ====Monophtongs==== | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+Mahanan vowel phonemes | |||
! | |||
! {{wp|Front vowel|Front}} | |||
! {{wp|Central vowel|Central}} | |||
! {{wp|Back vowel|Back}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|i}} {{IPA|ĩ}} | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|u}} {{IPA|ũ}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{wp|Close-mid vowel|Close-mid}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|e}} {{IPA|ẽ}} | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|o}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{wp|Open-mid vowel|Open-mid}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|ʌ}} {{IPA|ʌ̃}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}} | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|a}} {{IPA|ã}} | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
====Diphthongs==== | ====Diphthongs==== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+Mahanan consonant vowels | |||
! colspan="3" | | |||
! {{wp|Bilabial consonant|Bilabial}} | |||
! {{wp|Dental consonant|Dental}} | |||
! {{wp|Alveolar consonant|Alveolar}} | |||
! {{wp|Retroflex consonant|Retroflex}} | |||
! {{wp|Palatal consonant|Palatal}} | |||
! {{wp|Velar consonant|Velar}} | |||
! {{wp|Glottal consonant|Glottal}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | {{wp|Nasal consonant|Nasal}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|m}} {{angbr|म}} | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|n}} {{angbr|न/ञ}} | |||
| ({{IPAlink|ɳ}} {{angbr|ण}}) | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|ŋ}} {{angbr|ङ}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | [[Plosive]]/<br />[[Affricate]] | |||
! rowspan="2" | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
! <small>unaspirated</small> | |||
| {{IPAlink|p}} {{angbr|प}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|t}} {{angbr|त}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|t͡s}} {{angbr|च}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|ʈ}} {{angbr|ट}} | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|k}} {{angbr|क}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! <small>aspirated</small> | |||
| {{IPAlink|pʰ}} {{angbr|फ}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|tʰ}} {{angbr|थ}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|t͡sʰ}} {{angbr|छ}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|ʈʰ}} {{angbr|ठ}} | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|kʰ}} {{angbr|ख}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | <small>voiced</small> | |||
! <small>unaspirated</small> | |||
| {{IPAlink|b}} {{angbr|ब}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|d}} {{angbr|द}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|d͡z}} {{angbr|ज}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|ɖ}} {{angbr|ड}} | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|ɡ}} {{angbr|ग}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! <small>aspirated</small> | |||
| {{IPAlink|bʱ}} {{angbr|भ}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|dʱ}} {{angbr|ध}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|d͡zʱ}} {{angbr|[[File:Devanagari jh old.svg|13 px]]/झ}} | |||
| {{IPAlink|ɖʱ}} {{angbr|ढ}} | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|ɡʱ}} {{angbr|घ}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | [[Fricative]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|s}} {{angbr|श/ष/स}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|ɦ}} {{angbr|ह}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | [[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|r}} {{angbr|र}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | [[Approximant]] | |||
| ({{IPAlink|w}} {{angbr|व}}) | |||
| | |||
| {{IPAlink|l}} {{angbr|ल}} | |||
| | |||
| ({{IPAlink|j}} {{angbr|य}}) | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
==Writing System== | ==Writing System== | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Latest revision as of 11:30, 7 May 2023
Mahanan | |
---|---|
Native to | Mahana |
Region | Orient |
Native speakers | c. 30 million+ (2012) |
Europan
| |
Early form | |
Standard forms | Common Mahanan
|
Dialects | |
Ghobari | |
Official status | |
Official language in | Mahana Kotowari |
Regulated by | Mahan Academny |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | ma |
ISO 639-2 | mah |
ISO 639-3 | mah |
A map of the major Mahanan speaking areas in Central Orient. | |
Mahanan is a Europan language part of the Oriental-Thalassan group, part of the Tseiamit sub-group. The language is the officially spoken language in Mahana, with an estimated 28 million native speakers. It is the official language and lingua franca of Mahana as well as an official language in Kotowari. It is also recognised as a regionally spoken language in both Namdatka and Mekabiri. It is spoken throughout Mahana, even within smaller ethnic groups with sub-languages, as well as by around a quarter of the population of Namdatka. It is also spoken in Delamaria by the Delamarian Army Durkha as well as by the rest of the Mahanan diaspora around the wurld.
The origins of the language originate from the Sikron Valley in southern Mahana.
History
Literature
Geographical Distribution
Dialects
Phonology
Vowels
Monophtongs
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ĩ | u ũ | |
Close-mid | e ẽ | o | |
Open-mid | ʌ ʌ̃ | ||
Open | a ã |
Diphthongs
Consonants
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m ⟨म⟩ | n ⟨न/ञ⟩ | (ɳ ⟨ण⟩) | ŋ ⟨ङ⟩ | |||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | unaspirated | p ⟨प⟩ | t ⟨त⟩ | t͡s ⟨च⟩ | ʈ ⟨ट⟩ | k ⟨क⟩ | ||
aspirated | pʰ ⟨फ⟩ | tʰ ⟨थ⟩ | t͡sʰ ⟨छ⟩ | ʈʰ ⟨ठ⟩ | kʰ ⟨ख⟩ | ||||
voiced | unaspirated | b ⟨ब⟩ | d ⟨द⟩ | d͡z ⟨ज⟩ | ɖ ⟨ड⟩ | ɡ ⟨ग⟩ | |||
aspirated | bʱ ⟨भ⟩ | dʱ ⟨ध⟩ | d͡zʱ ⟨/झ⟩ | ɖʱ ⟨ढ⟩ | ɡʱ ⟨घ⟩ | ||||
Fricative | s ⟨श/ष/स⟩ | ɦ ⟨ह⟩ | |||||||
Rhotic | r ⟨र⟩ | ||||||||
Approximant | (w ⟨व⟩) | l ⟨ल⟩ | (j ⟨य⟩) |