Dazhdin grammar

Dazhdin state flag

The Dazhdin grammar (Dazhdin: Daẑinčinska gramatıka / Даҗінчінска граматика) is a set of rules that guide the usage of the Dazhdin language.

Introduction

The Dazhdin language recognizes 11 grammatical cases, 3 grammatical numbers and 3 grammatical genders (out of which one is broken down by animacy).

The cases can be broken down into "independent cases" (there are 7 of them) and "subservient cases" (there are 4 of them):

• Nominative - NOM. - commonly used - Mųžъ; Grad; Žena; Dětě
• Accusative - ACC. - commonly used - Mųža; Grad; Ženu; Dětě
• Genitive - GEN. - commonly used - Mųža; Gradu; Ženy; Dětěta
• Dative - DAT. - commonly used - Mųži; Gradu; Ženě; Dětěti
• Locative - LOC. - commonly used - Mųži; Gradu; Ženě; Dětěti
  • Illative - ILL. - moderately used - Mųžaj; Gradas; Ženųn; Dětos
  • Adessive - ADE. - on the way of extinction - Mųžol; Gradol; Ženol; Děťol
  • Allative - ALL. - rarely used - Mųžъpi; Gradop; Ženup; Dětьepi
• Instrumentative - INS. - commonly used - Mųžom; Gradom; Ženoju; Dětěm
  • Translative - TRA. - rarely used - Mųžųm; Gradųm; Ženą; Dětěm
• Vocative - VOC. - moderately used - Mųžı; Grade; Ženo; Dětьe

Nouns

Gender	Masculine					Feminine (ta)				Neuter (to)
	Animate (ten)		Inanimate (toj)
Root	Mųž	Bratr	Grad	Nož	Kamen	Žen	Duš	Kosŧ	Mat	Slov	Mor	Im	Kur
Singular
NOM.	Mųž-ъ	Bratr-ъ	Grad-ø	Nož-ø	Kamen-ø	Žen-a	Duš-a	Kosŧ-ø	Mat-ь	Slov-o	Mor-ě	Im-ę	Kur-ě
ACC.	Mųž-a	Bratr-a	Grad-ø	Nož-ø	Kamen-ø	Žen-u	Duš-i	Kosŧ-ø	Mat-ěr	Slov-o	Mor-ě	Im-ę	Kur-ě
GEN.	Mųž-a	Bratr-a	Grad-u	Nož-e	Kamen-e	Žen-y	Duš-e	Kost-i	Mat-ěri	Slov-a	Mor-ě	Im-ene	Kur-ěta
DAT.	Mųž-i	Bratr-u	Grad-u	Nož-i	Kamen-i	Žen-ě	Duš-i	Kost-i	Mat-ěri	Slov-u	Mor-ju	Im-ěni	Kur-ěti
LOC.	Mųž-ovı	Bratr-ovı	Grad-u	Nož-i	Kamen-i	Žen-ě	Duš-i	Kost-i	Mat-i	Slov-u	Mor-ju	Im-ěni	Kur-ěti
ILL. (Arch.)	Mųž-aj	Bratr-aj	Grad-as	Nož-as	Kamen-os	Žen-ųn	Duš-ųn	Kosŧ-ųn	Mat-ěn	Slov-os	Mor-uj	Im-iňas	Kur-os
ADE. (Arch.)	Mųž-ol	Bratr-ol	Grad-ol	Nož-ol	Kamen-ol	Žen-ol	Duš-ol	Kosŧ-ol	Mat-ıol	Slov-ol	Mor-ol	Im-iňol	Kur-ol
ALL. (Arch.)	Mųž-ъpi	Bratr-ъpi	Grad-op	Nož-op	Kamen-opi	Žen-up	Duš-up	Kosŧ-up	Mat-ıpi	Slov-op	Mor-op	Im-inip	Kur-ьepi
INS.	Mųž-om	Bratr-om	Grad-om	Nož-om	Kamen-om	Žen-ojų	Duš-ojų	Kosŧ-ojų	Mat-ьjų	Slov-em	Mor-ěm	Im-ěm	Kur-ětem
TRA. (Arch.)	Mųž-ųm	Bratr-ųm	Grad-ųm	Nož-ųm	Kamen-ųm	Žen-ą	Duš-ą	Kosŧ-ą	Mat-◌̌ą	Slov-ęm	Mor-ęm	Im-ęm	Kur-ęm
VOC. (Arch.)	Mųž-i	Bratr-e	Grad-e	Nož-i	Kamen-i	Žen-o	Duš-e	Kost-i	Mat-ko	Slov-o	Mor-ě	Im-ę	Kur-ě
Dual
NOM.	Mųž-a	Bratr-a	Grad-a	Nož-a	Kamen-a	Žen-ě	Duš-i	Kost-i	Mat-ě	Slov-ě	Mor-ji	Im-ě	Kur-ě
ACC.	Mųž-u	Bratr-u	Grad-a	Nož-a	Kamen-a	Žen-ě	Duš-i	Kost-i	Mat-š	Slov-š	Mor-ji	Im-š	Kur-š
GEN.	Mųž-ų	Bratr-ų	Grad-ų	Nož-ų	Kamen-ų	Žen-ų	Duš-ų	Kosŧ-ų	Mat-◌̌ų	Slov-ų	Mor-ų	Im-ejų	Kuř-jų
DAT.	Mųž-ema	Bratr-ama	Grad-ama	Nož-ima	Kamen-ama	Žen-ama	Duš-ama	Kosŧ-ąma	Mat-◌̌ama	Slov-ama	Mor-ama	Im-jama	Kur-jąma
LOC.	Mųž-u	Bratr-u	Grad-u	Nož-u	Kamen-u	Žen-u	Duš-u	Kosŧ-u	Mat-◌̌u	Slov-u	Mor-u	Im-ěju	Kur-ju
Plural
NOM.	Mųž-i	Bratr-i	Grad-y	Nož-e	Kamen-ı	Žen-y	Duš-e	Kost-i	Mat-eri	Slov-a	Mor-ě	Im-ě	Kur-ěta
ACC.	Mųž-e	Bratr-i	Grad-y	Nož-e	Kamen-e	Žen-y	Duš-e	Kost-i	Mat-erě	Slov-a	Mor-ě	Im-ě	Kur-ěta
GEN.	Mųž-ov	Bratr-ov	Grad-ov	Nož-ov	Kamen-ov	Žen-ø	Duš-ej	Kost-iji	Mat-erij	Slov-ø	Mor-ěj	Im-ěn	Kur-ět
DAT.	Mųž-om	Bratr-om	Grad-om	Nož-om	Kamen-om	Žen-am	Duš-am	Kosŧ-am	Mat-ěram	Slov-am	Mor-am	Im-ěnam	Kur-ětam
LOC.	Mųž-eh	Bratr-ah	Grad-eh	Nož-ah	Kamen-ah	Žen-ah	Duš-ih	Kost-ih	Mat-ěrih	Slov-ah	Mor-ěh	Im-ěh	Kur-ětěh
ILL. (Arch.)	Mųž-ajųm	Bratr-ajųm	Grad-ąsum	Nož-ąsum	Kamen-ųsom	Žen-anųs	Duš-anųs	Kost-anųs	Mat-ěnas	Slov-ųsom	Mor-ujin	Im-ěnin	Kur-nin
INS.	Mųž-emi	Bratr-ami	Grad-emi	Nož-ami	Kamen-ami	Žen-ami	Duš-imi	Kost-imi	Mat-ěrimi	Slov-ami	Mor-ěmi	Im-ěmi	Kur-ětěmi
Translations
P.I.E.	Mongʷyós	Bʰréh₂tēr	Gʰordʰos	H₁noǵʰyo	H₂éḱmō	Gʷḗn	Dʰowsyeh₂	H₃ésth₁	Méh₂tēr	Ḱléwos	Móri	H₁nómn̥	—
P.B.S.	Mangjás	Brā́ˀtē	Gárdas	Knóžas	Kā́ˀmō	Génāˀ	Dáuṣjāˀ	Kost	Mā́ˀtē	Ślawas	Mári	Inˀmen	—
P. Slavic	Mǫžь	Bratrъ	Gȏrdъ	Nožь	Kàmy	Ženà	Dušà	Kȍstь	Màti	Slȍvo	Mořè	Jь̏mę	Kùra
English	Man	Brother	City	Knife	Stone	Woman	Soul	Bone	Mother	Word	Sea	Name	Chicken
Note: if the suffix ends with and -ı or -i and the letter in front of it doesn't allow it, the letter is to be intechanged

Adjectives

Indefinite adjectives

Grade	Positive												Comparative
	Descriptive						Possessive
	Hard			Soft			Hard			Soft
Gender	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Root	Mald			Svěž			Ojcųv			Maŧčin			Lěpš
Singular
NOM.	Mald-ъ	Mald-o	Mald-a	Svěz-ь	Svěž-e	Svěž-a	Ojcųv-ø	Ojcųv-o	Ojcųv-a	Maŧčin-ø	Maŧčin-o	Maŧčin-a	Lěpš-i	Lěpš-a
ACC.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
GEN.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
DAT.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
LOC.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
ILL. (Arch.)	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
INS.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
Dual
NOM.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
GEN.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
DAT.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
Plural
NOM.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
ACC.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
GEN.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
DAT.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
ILL. (Arch.)	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
INS.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
Translations
P.I.E.	H₂moldus			—			Átta (noun)			Méh₂tēr (noun)			—
P.B.S.	Maldas			Swaigis			At (noun)			Mā́ˀtē (noun)			Laukīˀtei
P. Slavic	Moldъ			Svěžь			Otьcь (noun)			Màti (noun)			Lučьjь
English	Young			Fresh			Father's			Mother's			Better
Note: if the suffix ends with and -ı or -i and the letter in front of it doesn't allow it, the letter is to be intechanged

Definite adjectives

Grade	Positive												Comparative
	Descriptive						Possessive
	Hard			Soft			Hard			Soft
Gender	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Root	Mald			Svěž			Ojcųv			Maŧčin			Lěpš
Singular
NOM.	Mald-yjъ	Mald-oje	Mald-aja	Svěž-ijь	Svěž-eje	Svěž-aja	Ojcųv-ojъ	Ojcųv-ojo	Ojcųv-aja	Maŧčin-ıjь	Maŧčin-ejo	Maŧčin-aja	Lěpš-ıj	Lěpš-ъja
ACC.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
GEN.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
DAT.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
LOC.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
ILL. (Arch.)	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
INS.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
Dual
NOM.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
GEN.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
DAT.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
Plural
NOM.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
ACC.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
GEN.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
DAT.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
ILL. (Arch.)	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
INS.	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'	-'
Translations
P.I.E.	H₂moldus			—			Átta (noun)			Méh₂tēr (noun)			—
P.B.S.	Maldas			Swaigis			At (noun)			Mā́ˀtē (noun)			Laukīˀtei
P. Slavic	Moldъ			Svěžь			Otьcь (noun)			Màti (noun)			Lučьjь
English	Young			Fresh			Father's			Mother's			Better
Note: if the suffix ends with and -ı or -i and the letter in front of it doesn't allow it, the letter is to be intechanged

Pronouns

Person	First	Second	Third			Reflexive	Relational
			Masculine	Neuter	Feminine		Masculine		Neuter	Feminine
							Animate	Inanimate
Singular
NOM.	Jasъ	Tı	On	Ono	Ona	—	Jenžь		Ježь
ACC.	Mę	Těba	Jego/Něj/Onęn	Jej/Ně/Ono	Jų/Ni/Onų	Se	Jegož/Něgož	Jejž/Nějž	Jųž/Niž	Jež/Něž
GEN.	Mene	Těba	Jej/Něj/Oněj		Jij/Nij/Onej	Sebe	Jegož/Něgož			Jež/Něž
DAT.	Mně	Těbe	Jej/Něj/Onomu		Jij/Nij/Onoj	Sobě	Jemųž/Němųž			Jijž/Nijž
LOC.	Mně	Těbě	Jim/Něm/Onom		Jij/Nij/Onoj	Sobę	Jemųž/Němųž			Jijž/Nijž
ILL. (Arch.)	Mňas	Těbaj	Jiǯųn/Niǯųn/Onaj			Sebaj	Jemųn/Němųn			Jijųž/Nijųž
INS.	Mnojų	Tvojų	Jim/Nim/Oněm		Jojų/Nějų/Onojų	Sebojų	Jimž/Nimž			Již/Niž
TRA. (Arch.)	Mną	Těbą	Jim/Nim/Onim		Jojų/Nějų/Onějų	Sebą	—	—	—	—
POS.	Moj	Tvoj	Jego		Jej	Svoj	—	—	—	—
Dual
NOM.	Vě	Va	Ja	Ji		—	Jaž		Již
GEN.
DAT.
LOC.
INS.
Plural
NOM.	My	Vy	Oni	Ona	Onı	—	Již	Jež
ACC.
GEN.
DAT.
LOC.
INS.
POS.
Note: For third persons, J- stem is for regular use, N- stem is for use after a preposition and O- stem is for use when the pronoun is related to a noun

Articles

Person	Definite (the)				Pointing (that)
	Masculine		Neuter	Feminine	Masculine		Neuter	Feminine
	Animate	Inanimate			Animate	Inanimate
Singular
NOM.	Ten	Toj	To	Ta	Tento	Tojto	Toto	Tato
ACC.	Tęgo	Togo	To	Tu	Tento	Tojto	Toto	Tuto
GEN.	Tęgo	Togo		Tej	Tęgoto	Togoto		Tejto
DAT.
LOC.
ILL. (Arch.)
INS.
TRA. (Arch.)
Dual
NOM.
GEN.
DAT.
LOC.
INS.
Plural
NOM.
ACC.
GEN.
DAT.
LOC.
INS.