Pecario

Republic of Pecario República de Pecario
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Unidos en la diversidad, juntos hacia el futuro." "United in diversity, together towards the future"
Anthem: Himno Nacional Pecariano National anthem of Pecario
National cockade
Location of Pecario
Map of Pecario
Capital	Santa Borbones
Largest	Valleluz
Official languages	Iverican, Stillian
Recognised national languages	Iverican, Stillian Iverican, Stillian, Quepec, Andyo, other indigenous languages
Demonym(s)	Pecariano, Pecarian
Government	Unitary presidential republic
• President	Andreas Lineria
• Vice President	Gabriel Valdez
• President of the Senate	Carlos Rojas
Legislature	Congress
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Representatives
Independence  from First Iveric Republic
• Declared	1752
• Recognized	1766
Area
•
Population
• 2022 census	22,658,480
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$200 billion
• Per capita	$9,995
Gini	0.38 low
HDI	0.800 very high
Currency	Pecarian pesos
Time zone	UTC-8 (Alharun Central Time)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy BCE/CE
Driving side	right
Calling code	+39
Internet TLD	.pco

Pecario, officially known as known officially in Iverican as La República de Pecario, concisely as the Republic of Pecario, and informally as Pecario, is a sovereign state in Alharu on Eurth. It is bordered on the South by Manamana. The seat of government is Santa Borbones, which contains the executive, legislative, and electoral branches of government,it is also the constitutional capital and the seat of the judiciary. The largest city and principal industrial center is Valleluz.

The sovereign state of Pecario is a constitutionally unitary state, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks of the Cordillera del Sol in the North, to the eastern lowlands. A third of the country is in the mountain range. The country's population, estimated at 22 million, is multi-ethnic, including natives, mestizos and europans (mainly Ivericans). Iverican is the official and predominant language, although 36 indigenous languages also have official status, the most commonly spoken of which are quepec, aymaro and guaruma.

The history of Pecario begins with the dominance of the Tuachec Empire in the 15th century, followed by the Iverican conquest in the 17th century. After uprisings, the country gained independence in 1753. The 19th century was marked by political instability, but also by progress in education and civil rights. In the 20th century, periods of military control alternated with democratic governments, seeking to combat corruption and inflation. In 2002, an unprecedented economic crisis struck, leading to the resignation of President Eduardo Chapo. Luis Mesa came to power in 2006, ushering in a calmer period until 2019. The Santa Polvo Cartel emerged in 2010, taking control of the drug trade leading to a drug war. President Mesa will resign in 2019 after a scandal related to the Santa Polvo cartel, he will be replaced by Andreas Lineria. Today the country is one of the most corrupt state in the wurld, the government of Presidente Lineria is completely under the orders of the cartel and pretends not seeing the recurring massacres in the country. In 2020, the country was classified as a Narco-State due to the Pecarian government turning a blind eye towards drug cartels. Today, Pecario is plagued by corruption and violence related to drug trafficking.

Etymology

When Stillian conquistadors first disembarked on the shores in the early 16th century, they nicknamed the land Nueva Stillia, in homage to their homeland’s legacy within the former Iberic Empire. This name, however, would not endure long.

During their initial contact with the indigenous Tuachec people, the explorers learned that the locals referred to the land as Pecàriacha, a word in the ancient Quepec language that translates to “land of the Pecario.” The Pecario was no ordinary animal; it referred to the revered jaguar, a sacred creature in Tuachec cosmology. To the Tuachec, the jaguar symbolized strength, courage, and the divine connection between the heavens and the earth. They believed the spirit of the Pecario watched over their people and the land, and their legends often depicted the jaguar as a guardian of the forests and rivers.

The Stillian explorers quickly adopted the term. Additionally, the arrival of numerous Iberic immigrants who were not of Stillian origin influenced the settlers’ perception of the land’s identity. Seeking unity among the diverse populations of the burgeoning colony, the authorities embraced the name Pecario as a unifying symbol.

Following the conquest of the Tuachec Empire, the Kingdom of Pecario was officially established in 1634, cementing the name’s usage. It became a name used by all, representing both the land’s indigenous roots and its colonial legacy.

History

A petroglyph in Vallejo dating from around 1000 CE.

Main article: History of Pecario

Prehistory and Tuachec period

The earliest evidences of human presence in Pecarian territory have been dated to approximately 12,500 BCE with human remains and stone tools in the Vallejo valley providing some of the earliest discovered evidence of human habitation in Mesothalassa. The domestication of the potato occurred in Mesothalassa some time between 8,000 BCE and 5,000 BCE; the cultivation of corn spread to the region between 5,000 and 4,000 BCE, and the domestication of quinoa occurred in roughly 2,000 BCE. Early Pecarian societies also domesticated the llama, alpaca, and guinea pig in Pecario in roughly 6,000 BCE. They carved into rocks many petroglyphs throughout the country, notably those located in San Cristóbal. Organization relied on reciprocity and redistribution because these societies had no notion of market or money. The oldest known complex society in Pecario, the Lochò civilization, flourished along the coast of the Manamana Bay between 3,000 and 1,800 BCE. These early developments were followed by archaeological cultures that developed mostly around the coastal and moutainous regions of the Cordillera del Sol throughout Pecario. The Pùchique culture which flourished from around 1000 to 200 BCE along the western coasts of Pecario was an example of early pre-Tuachec culture.

Traces of Sjådska presence dating back to 320 BCE on the banks of Manamana Bay attest to an active passage of this people. No physical structure has been discovered, but the discovery of an Útskip wreck near Marelia suggests that the Sjådska used the bay for trading and travel. It is likely that they traded and maintained good relations with the tribes present in the territory.

The first real datable civilization, Guaruma civilization which had its capital at Guaruma, emerged in the east of Pecario. The capital city of Guaruma dates from as early as 100 CE when it was a small village based on agriculture. The Guaruma community grew to urban proportions between 700 CE and 900 CE, becoming an important regional power in Mesothalassa. Guaruma sites are marked by the presence of central pyramids and monoliths, irrigation systems, and terraced farms. As the rainfall decreased, the surplus of food decreased, and thus the amount available to underpin the power of the elites. The Guaruma civilization disappeared around 900 CE.

The Guaruma civilization was succeeded by the Chávanan culture, which thrived from 1,000 to 1,200 CE. The Chávanan people developed more sophisticated systems of irrigation and social stratification, as well as more refined masonry, textiles, and metalworking of copper and gold, and the first recognizable artistic style. Following its decline and collapse, the Chávanan culture was succeeded in western Pecario by the Lóscos and in South-east Pecario by the Tomóto, both of which existed roughly from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Lóscos are famous for their vibrant works of pottery, patterned textiles, and ornate metalworking, while the Tomóto are known for their construction of Geoglyphs and monumental structures. Unknown troubles, likely related to civil wars according to recent studies, in the 9th century led to the collapse of both cultures and the rise of the Basáy culture, thrived from the 800 CE to the 1100 CE and oversaw a further flourishing of textiles, metalwork, and monumental construction, as well as the development of pottery and large murals. The disappearance of the Basay culture in the 1100s corresponds with the appearance of groups clearly identifiable as the Quepec and Andyo peoples.

The ruins of Kállanka, an important Tuachec town.

In the 14th century, the Tuachec, of Quepec origin, emerged as a powerful state which, in the span of a century, will form the largest empire in Mesothalassa with their capital in Tualcacán. The Tuachec is known to have existed historically by 1250, and, in the subsequent decades, came to control a large area of Northern Pecario. The Tuachecs participated in a confederation with other city-states, initially holding a subordinate rather than dominant position. Under Llóque Hanpaqui, they strengthened their position within the confederation. Thus, upon the death of the last chief of the Confederation, Hupac Yanqui seized control of the confederation, and the Tuachecs imposed their laws on all tribes. This rapid expansion worried several city-states. His successor, Rascar Chalec, was not as successful, and a conspiracy ended his reign. But around 1400, the Tuachecs resumed their expansion under Huayna Cápac. With Huayna Cápac, the Tuachecs solidified its dominance over the region and expands its territory.Gradually, as early as the thirteenth century, they began to expand and incorporate their neighbors. Tuachec leadership sent envoys to cities and towns encouraging them to become members of the empire in exchange for luxury goods and local elites being allowed to retain their titles. Cities which refused to join willingly were conquered and plundered, with local leadership deposed or executed and replaced by loyal nobles. Tuachec expansion was slow until about the middle of the fifteenth century, when the pace of conquest began to accelerate, particularly under the rule of the emperor Pómatec. Under his rule and that of his son, Pómatec Capac II, the Tuachec came to control the majority of Western Mesothalassa by the 1500s, with a population of 10 to 15 million inhabitants under their rule. Pómatec I also promulgated a comprehensive code of laws to govern his empire, while consolidating his absolute temporal and spiritual authority as the God of the Moon. The official language of the empire was Quepec, although hundreds of local languages and dialects were spoken. The Tuachec leadership encouraged the worship of Quilla, the moon god and imposed its sovereignty above other cults.The Tuachec considered their King, the Vagra Tuachec, to be the "child of the moon". We also owe them the Tuachec Roads, a vast road network linking the regions of the empire to the capital city. It served as an economic and political integrative axis.

Conquest and colonial period

Main article: Iberic conquest of the Tuachec Empire

A depiction of Iberic conquistadors landing in Pecario.

When Pómatec IV, the last Tuachec emperor, became emperor in 1629, he inherited an empire weakened by a long famine and divided by quarrels of bellicose nobles. In October 1630, Stillian conquistador Diego de Montega landed with his men on the coast of Pecario. He is one of the migrants who was part of the Gran Viatge fleeing the Iberic Empire. He landed in the Bahía del Fuego Sereno. He nicknamed the land Nueva Stillia, in homage to their homeland’s legacy within the former Iberic Empire. He quickly established the first Iberic fortified settlement in Mesothalassa named Puerto Montega.

Montega seizing Pómatec IV.

In early 1631, Diego de Montega met with envoys sent by Pómatec IV, who invited him to Tawantinsuyo. Diego de Montega made the trip, accompanied by 1'500 men. In addition to meeting the Tuachec Emperor, Montega met envoys from leaders of rebellious cities that resented Tuachec dominance. Montega agreed to aid them in a rebellion against the Tuachecs. After defeating an important Tuachec forces at Tawantinsuyo where Montega's forces captured Emperor Pomatec IV, the Tuachec emperor became a hostage of Montega and his troops.

During that period, the area of Manamana Bay was first explored by the Iberic conquistador Sebastián de Salcázaro and his men. In July 1632, the inlet of San Cristobal was first sighted by the Iberics. A landing party went ashore on 25 July 1632, on the day of the feast of San Cristóbal. He completed the conquest of the last places of Tuachec resistance in Manamana aided by Hosco rebels. Despite strong resistance from some generals of Pòmatec IV, including Yuñahi, Manamana was conquered between 1632 and 1633. Sebastián de Belalcázar founded San Cristobal on 4 April 1633, on the ruins of a Tuachec city, which Yuñahi had destroyed before abandoning it to the Iberics. The Iberics subsequently executed the emperor on 13 June 1633 believing it would make the other Tuachec forces to surrender. Contrary to the predictions of Montega's officers, the death of their emperor encouraged the Tuachec troops to total war, multiplying ambushes and avoiding frontal engagements with the Iberic troops. Following this, the Iberic forces seized and brutally sacked Tualcacán the Tuachec capital on 19 September 1633. The fall of the empire's heart led to the submission of most Tuachec forces.

In 1634, the Kingdom of Pecario was officially proclaimed, with its capital at Santa Borbones and with the conquistadors installing Inti Yupanqui as a puppet emperor on the throne. The conquistadors continued to suppress the remaining Tuachec resistance and the conquest of the former Tuachec Empire's territory. Following this, the Iberics conquered and plundered their former native allies, seeking to ensure their total control over the region. By 1650, the Iberic conquest of the Tuachec Empire was complete and the Northern part Manamana was under Iberic control. The last Tuachec resistance was suppressed when the Iberican annihilated the Neo-Tuachec State in Tuyuq Wasi in (1652.

La Gran Peregrinación

The fall of the Tuachec Empire led to a significant political upheaval that reverberated beyond borders and into Alharu. Some settlers extolled, through texts and letters addressed to the Iberic Empire, describing news that the colony was rich in gold and silver. It triggered a flood of fortune-seekers, who increased the newfly kingdom's population and expanded its frontiers. This resulted in several waves of migration to the kingdom of Pecario, particularly in the years 1645 and 1650, where the influx of settlers was so significant that some cities had to turn people away. As the mayor of Valleluz, Pedro Alcazar de Guantaneo, wrote in 1647: "Thus, we saw a moving tide arriving, pressing at the gates of the city. The soldiers struggled to contain them. Women, children, and men eagerly awaited the opportunity to settle and cultivate the vast surrounding lands. There was, of course, a sense of disdain from the "old" settlers towards the newcomers. A man remains a man even in the face of his peers."

Native slaves digging for gold and silver in mines in Pecario.

Thus, the population of settlers quadrupled within 30 years. By 1700, the Iberic population was estimated at 800,000, and it continued to climb until stabilizing in the mid-20th century. In the 1670s, king Francisco Perez reorganized the country with gold and silver mining as its main economic activity and native forced labor as its primary workforce. With the discovery of the great silver and gold lodes at San Marañón, the kingdom flourished as an important provider of mineral resources. With the conquest started the spread of Tacolism; most people were forcefully converted to Tacolism, with Iberic clerics believing that the Native Peoples "had been corrupted by the Devil". It only took a generation to convert the population. They built churches in every city and replaced some of the Tuachec temples with churches, such as the Quilla Temple in the city of Santa Borbones. The church employed the Inquisition, making use of torture to ensure that newly converted Tacolics did not stray to other religions or beliefs, and monastery schools, educating girls, especially of the Tuachec nobility and upper class. Pecarian Tacolism follows the syncretism, in which religious native rituals have been integrated with Tacolic celebrations. In this endeavor, the church came to play an important role in the acculturation of the Natives, drawing them into the cultural orbit of the Iberic settlers.

To further encourage settlement, the Iberic authority used native forces as slaves through the Encomienda system, in which the settlers, were granted indigenous people to use as forced laborers and to educate in the Iberic language and Tacolic religion. This system proved immensely lucrative and the colony quickly became a major producer of cash crops such as sugarcane, coffee, and Cacao. The natives were subjected to severe persecution by the colonizers. They endured numerous unjustified massacres, land and resource dispossession, as well as intense economic exploitation. These combined factors led to a rapid decline in the indigenous population, weakening individuals physically, disrupting their social and economic systems, and introducing destabilizing psychological and cultural pressures. By 1730, the indigenous population was recorded at 5 million compared to approximately 14 million in 1640. The severe abuses associated with the Encomienda system led to several native rebellions against Iberic in the 17th and 18th centuries, with the most significant - and the last major one - episode being that of Juan Santos Pomatec in 1732, always with the thwarted goal of restoring the territory of the empire. Seeking to further expand Pecario's population, the royal government tacitly permitted intermarriage between white settlers and indigenous women in 1704. A caste system developed in the colony, with pies embarrados (Europans born in Mesothalassa) at the top, pies dorados (Europans born in Europa) below them, mezcla (individuals of mixed race or ethnicity) below them, and indigenous Alharun at the bottom. With the growth of local institutions, the kingdom's increasingly large pies embarrados and mezcla populations began to develop a uniquely Alharun identity.

Conquest (1687-1689)

Main article: Emerald War

Destruction of the Vengeur at the First Battle of Grandport

The Kingdom of Lysia, drawn by the riches that the Iberics had discovered, sent colonists to Mesothalassa. This expedition led to the establishment of the colony of Côte d'Émeraude in 1633 to the West of the newly founded Kingdom of Pecario.

By 1680, Pecario had experienced exponential growth and undergone a significant demographic boom due to La Gran Peregrinación. The kingdom then began to seek expansion of its borders and looked eastward. Brief diplomatic exchanges were made between the Lysian governor and Pecarian diplomats, but nothing was officially signed, with the burning question of borders left unanswered. In 1686, King Gilete de Orozco of Pecario, frustrated by the situation, issued an ultimatum to the colony: the Lysians must unconditionally cede a large valuable parts of their colony to the kingdom in order to hope for signing a non-aggression pact and normalizing relations between the two states. The Pecario general staff knew perfectly well that the request would be denied and were actually only looking for a pretext to start a conflict with the colony. Lysian colonial governor Charles de la Roncière formally refused, and thus the Kingdom of Pecario officialy declared war on the colony in March 1687.

The first real battles began in April 1687. Pecario’s numerical and military superiority greatly disadvantaged the colony of Côte d'Émeraude. Colonial diplomats desperately tried several times to request reinforcements from the mainland in Europa, but the Lysian aristocracy gradually lost interest in the matter and preferred to leave the colonists to their fate. A military expedition was deemed too costly and unprofitable. Despite a few vain heroic Lysian victories, the colony’s capital, Saint-Louis, fell into the hands of Pecarian troops in November 1687. The Lysian colonial administration officially surrendered in November 1688. The rest of the territory was fully occupied afterward, although pockets of Lysian resistance persisted until December 1688.

The Treaty of Saint-Louis was signed thereafter, named after the location where it was drafted, and effectively resulted in the annexation of the entire colony of Côte d'Émeraude into the Kingdom of Pecario. Colonists were given the choice to either remain on their lands or leave the territory to try to reach the nearest Lysian colony, Florentia. Most chose to leave the colony, but a minority opted to stay. They formed a community of Lysians centered around Saint-Louis (renamed San Luis after the conflict). The Lysian community of San Luis deeply influenced the city's style and culture. This community still exists to this day.

Iveric corregimiento (1717-1752)

In 1717, the Kingdom of Pecario, faced a critical juncture in its history. Years of internal chaos, including royal succession disputes and civil strife, had weakened the kingdom to the brink of collapse. The powerful noble families, such as the House of Galdona and the House of Virelia, clashed over the throne, leading to widespread instability. Faced with the threat of disintegration, King Leovigildo II, the reigning monarch, and his court turned to the nearby Iveric Republic for help. This marked the beginning of diplomatic negotiations that would culminate in the Treaty of Gorgia a transformative agreement that reshaped Pecario’s future. The Treaty of Gorgia was signed on July 22, 1717, after months of tense negotiation between the representatives of King Leovigildo II and the Iveric leadership, including Admiral Alonso de Valcárcel, a key figure in the Iveric Republic’s expansionist strategy. The treaty was drafted in the city of Puerto San Jorge on the nearby Gorgia Hills, which served as a symbolic meeting place for the two nations. Under the terms of the treaty, Pecario was reorganized as a semi-autonomous corregimiento (administrative district) within the Iveric Republic.

Portrait of Andrés Manrrique, first corregidor of Pecario.

Although Pecario retained its monarchy, the king’s power was significantly curtailed. Under the Treaty of Gorgia, Pecario’s monarchy, represented by King Leovigildo II of the House of Galdona, was preserved as a ceremonial institution. The king’s role was largely symbolic, serving as a figurehead who embodied the continuity of Pecario’s royal traditions and provided a sense of legitimacy to the new order. Leovigildo II was allowed to keep his royal title and palace in Santa Borbones, the historic capital of Pecario. The monarch's responsibilities were limited to ceremonial duties, such as presiding over public festivals, royal weddings, and religious holidays. The king also held the power to bestow honorary titles, though these carried no political weight. Leovigildo II, along with his descendants, remained a symbol of national unity and cultural heritage but was largely removed from governance. The House of Galdona continued to receive royal stipends, funded by the state, to maintain their status in Pecarian society. Leovigildo II was allowed to remain on the throne as a ceremonial figurehead, while day-to-day governance was overseen by Iveric-appointed officials, including a corregidor. This arrangement placated both the Pecarian nobility, who sought to preserve the monarchy, and the First Iveric Republic, which desired to exert control over the region’s resources and trade routes.

Real power was vested in the hands of the corregidor, a governor appointed by the First Iveric Republic to oversee Pecario's administration. The corregidor acted as the chief executive of the state, managing day-to-day governance and ensuring the implementation of policies laid out by Iverica. The first corregidor of Pecario was Governor Andrés Manrrique, a Pecarian diplomat and military strategist. Manrrique played a key role in stabilizing Pecario after the treaty. To further integrate republican principles, a new legislative body called the Junta Popular was established. This body functioned as an advisory council to the corregidor and allowed for some degree of local representation. The Junta was composed of both Pecarian nobles and influential citizens, including mezcla elites and wealthy landowners. The Junta could proposed laws, offered counsel on governance, and addressed grievances from the populace, but ultimate decision-making power rested with the corregidor and his council of Iveric officials.

The treaty also outlined provisions for military assistance, with Iverica stationing advisors to reorganize Pecario’s disordered army. The Royal Guard of Pecario, once fiercely loyal to the Galdona dynasty, was restructured into a more professional force led by Iveric commanders such as Colonel Esteban de Laria, who played a pivotal role in stabilizing the kingdom. In exchange for military support and governance, Iverica was granted extensive trade privileges, securing access to Pecario’s valuable silver mines, timber, and fertile agricultural lands.

Following the Treaty of Gorgia, Pecario experienced a remarkable demographic and economic boom. Iverica, eager to solidify its influence in the region, encouraged large-scale immigration to Pecario. Between 1717 and 1730, thousands of Iveric settlers, primarily from the coastal cities of Porto L'Norte and Súbic migrated to Pecario. These settlers, many of whom were skilled artisans, traders, and farmers, brought with them advanced agricultural techniques, including crop rotation and irrigation systems, which revitalized Pecario’s agricultural sector. New industries sprang up around key cities such as Puerto Dorado, Solmarina and San Luis, which became thriving centers of trade. Pecario’s ports became bustling hubs for Iberic ships, facilitating the export of sugar, coffee, and timber to Aurelia, Europa and beyond.

Independence (1752-1760)

Main article: Pecarian War of Independence

(WIP) In the mid-18th century, a civil War broke out in Iverica, resulting in a significant decline in the central government's authority over its colonies, including Pecario. Taking advantage of this period of instability in Iverica, the Pecarian leaders began to claim their autonomy and seek to free themselves from the Iveric authority.

20th century: political instability and coup d’état

The decline in demand for silver and the early labor struggles caused by poor working conditions created a climate of social and political instability during the 1920s in Pecario. President Alonzo Dominguez initiated social reforms and enacted the Constitution of 1924. However, the global economic crisis of 1927 plunged Pecario into recession and social unrest. Governments changed frequently, accompanied by coup d'états. Marco Vanges del Lonto became the de facto president in 1929, suspending elections and governing by decrees, while sending his rival Axel Mayordomo to prison on the Alcazara archipelago, who had participated in the coup d'état of 1928 with him. The poor economic policies and measures taken to mitigate the effects of the global economic crisis had dramatic consequences on the country's mining production, leading to an economic crisis during which Pecario experienced a severe economic downturn.

Vanges resigned in 1934, and political instability intensified with a coup d'état that gave rise to the socialist republic of Pecario, which lasted only eight days before Alonzo Dominguez regained power and stabilized the economy. Alonzo's return helped reduce tensions between political parties. There was also a social crisis; new actors demanded transformations in the way the country was governed. Joaquin Aguirre Cedillo was elected president in 1938 through an alliance opposing the ruling elite. Social and political reforms made Pecario one of the most advanced countries in terms of legislation and social protection. Lithium gradually replaced silver in the national economy (due to global demand). The country industrialized gradually, and the number of workers increased.

The government of Joaquin Aguirre Cedillo achieved various changes, mainly economic, by laying the foundations for Pecario's industrialization through the creation of ONPDPP (National Organization for the Development of Pecario's Production). However, it led to a period of radicalism. Reforms abruptly stopped with the president's death in November 1942. Oriol Díez, with the support of the Communist Party, was elected President.

Governement of Oriol Díez

The economic results of Díez's first year in power appear quite satisfactory: GDP initially progresses strongly, unemployment and inflation decrease; however, the success is deceptive. The following two years will be catastrophic. Inflation explodes, GDP contracts, and the value of the Pecarian currency plummets. The overly expansionary monetary policy is largely responsible for these results, exacerbated by the destabilization of the economy by opponents. The government tries to stem the crisis by fixing commodity prices, which leads to the development of the black market and shortages.

Díez also attempts to gain active support from the population; workers' militias are formed in cities and countryside to maintain the revolutionary legitimacy of the government. Conservative opposition and Christian Democrats mobilize in turn. They organize or contribute to a series of revolts and demonstrations that paralyze the country. At the same time, there is a rise in power of clandestine far-right paramilitary groups. On March 19, 1971, President Díez appoints Arturo Gómez as the Chief General of the Armed Forces following the resignation of Juan de Penezio.

Arturo Gómez's appointment signals the start of a more authoritarian phase in Díez's regime. Gómez, a staunch supporter of Díez's revolutionary ideals, initially uses the military to suppress conservative opposition with increasing brutality. Political freedoms are curtailed, and dissent is met with imprisonment or worse. The regime becomes notorious for its human rights abuses, as the government prioritizes its survival over democratic principles.

Arturo Gómez's appointment as Chief General of the Armed Forces in March 1971 initially solidified Díez's grip on power, as Gómez, a staunch supporter of Díez's revolutionary ideals, used the military to suppress conservative opposition with increasing brutality. Political freedoms were curtailed, and dissent was met with imprisonment or worse. The regime became notorious for its human rights abuses, as the government prioritized its survival over democratic principles.

However, as the economic crisis deepened, tensions between Gómez and Díez began to surface, driven by fundamental disagreements over the direction of the country and personal ambitions. Gómez, a pragmatic military leader with a vision for a more structured and orderly state, grew increasingly frustrated with Díez's erratic and impulsive leadership style. Díez's revolutionary zeal often led to hasty decisions that exacerbated the economic crisis, such as the overly expansionary monetary policy and the disastrous price-fixing measures. Gómez believed these actions were destabilizing the nation and undermining the very revolution they sought to protect.

In private, Gómez began to question Díez's judgment. He saw himself as the true architect of Pecario's future, capable of restoring stability and order through disciplined governance. Díez, on the other hand, viewed Gómez's pragmatic approach as a betrayal of their revolutionary ideals, leading to a widening rift between the two men. Díez's increasingly paranoid behavior also strained their relationship. Fearing coups and betrayals, Díez frequently reshuffled key military positions and interfered with military operations, undermining Gómez's authority. Gómez, who had spent years cultivating loyalty within the armed forces, saw this as a direct affront to his leadership and a hindrance to effective military operations.

Moreover, Gómez's vision of a strong, centralized military role in governance clashed with Díez's attempts to empower civilian militias and revolutionary committees. These groups, often poorly trained and undisciplined, complicated military efforts to maintain order and security. Gómez believed that only a professional, centralized military could bring the stability needed for Pecario to recover from its economic woes.

One of the most significant points of contention was Díez's "Agrarian Reformation" policy. Díez, aiming to consolidate his support among the rural poor, initiated sweeping land reforms that redistributed land from large estates to peasant collectives. While popular among the peasants, these reforms disrupted agricultural production and led to food shortages. Gómez, whose power base included wealthy landowners and conservative elements within the military, saw the agrarian reforms as disastrous. He argued that the reforms were too radical and poorly implemented, leading to economic instability and fueling opposition from the landed elite. This policy became a symbol of Díez's ideological rigidity and his unwillingness to adapt to the nation's pressing economic needs.

Gómez Era (1971-1990)

Pecarian tanks rolling through the streets of Santa Borbones during the coup of October 1971

As the nation's situation grew more dire, Gómez quietly began to distance himself from Díez's increasingly erratic rule. He made secret contact with influential conservative opposition leaders such as Luis Soanio, promising them a return to economic stability and political freedom in exchange for their support. Secret meetings were held in remote locations, and a plan was set in motion to oust Díez from power.

On a the night of October 1971, the plan was executed. Gómez's loyalists seized control of key military installations and communication centers. At dawn, tanks rolled through the streets of the capital, Santa Borbones. The presidential palace was surrounded, and after a brief but intense standoff, Díez was captured. He was subsequently tortured and then executed, and his body was buried in the jungle north of San Luis. A rumor was spread that he had committed suicide out of despair, his remains were excavated only after the fall of the regime in 1994. Gómez addressed the nation, declaring that the reign of tyranny had ended and promising a new era of stability and freedom. Gómez’s takeover was initially met with a mix of fear and cautious optimism. Many Pecarians, exhausted by years of mismanagement and repression, welcomed the change, hoping for a return to stability and democratic governance. However, the power vacuum left by Díez's ouster led to a period of uncertainty.

Gómez, now self-declared President, set about consolidating his rule. He implemented a series of harsh measures aimed at quelling any potential rebellion and rooting out Díez’s supporters. Political purges swept through the government and military, with former loyalists of Díez being imprisoned or exiled. Gómez presented himself as a strongman capable of restoring order, but his promises of political freedom quickly evaporated as he tightened his grip on power. The international community reacted with a mix of cautious engagement and condemnation. Some nations recognized Gómez’s government, hoping for stability, while others imposed sanctions, citing ongoing human rights abuses and the violent nature of the coup. Despite international pressure, Gómez managed to secure financial and military support from a network of authoritarian regimes, bolstering his position.

The economic situation remained dire, but Gómez’s regime began to show signs of improvement. Inflation was slowly brought under control, and with the aid of foreign investments, GDP started to stabilize. However, the drug wars that erupted during Díez’s rule continued to plague the nation. Gómez’s efforts to combat the cartels were met with fierce resistance, leading to ongoing violence and instability. Gómez attempted to portray himself as a populist leader, implementing limited social reforms to appease the masses. Workers' militias, initially formed under Díez, were now co-opted to serve Gómez’s regime, maintaining a semblance of revolutionary legitimacy. Despite these efforts, public discontent simmered beneath the surface, as Gómez’s authoritarian tactics and broken promises of freedom became increasingly apparent.

The years of the regime were marked by human rights violations. In April 1973, at least 88 people were murdered by La Legión de las Sombras, a Pecarian army death squad created during the regime. According to reports, at least 2,869 were killed, and at least 38,492 were tortured. In 2010, Pecario recognized an additional 5,680 victims, bringing the total number of killed, tortured or imprisoned for political reasons to 39,686.

Fall of the Gómez's regime

Gómez talking at the Pecarian National Television in 1979.

By 1989, the cracks in Arturo Gómez's iron-fisted regime began to widen. The economic improvements that had initially stabilized his rule proved unsustainable in the long run. Despite efforts to control inflation and attract foreign investment, Pecario's economy remained fragile. Corruption and inefficiency plagued Gómez's administration, and the promised political freedoms never materialized. Public discontent simmered beneath the surface, erupting occasionally into open protests. Workers' strikes, student demonstrations, and peasant revolts became more frequent. Gómez's heavy-handed response only fueled the flames of resistance. The once-strong support base within the military began to erode as younger officers grew disillusioned with the regime's corruption and lack of vision.

Meanwhile, the drug wars intensified. Cartels, emboldened by the government's inefficacy, expanded their influence, causing widespread violence and chaos. The civilian population bore the brunt of this conflict, living in constant fear. Gómez's attempts to crack down on the cartels were met with limited success, further eroding his credibility.

A coalition of opposition groups began to be created. Comprising former Díez supporters, conservative leaders, and disillusioned military officers, this coalition sought to overthrow Gómez and restore democratic governance. The movement was led by a charismatic and principled figure, Alejandro Valdés, a former military officer turned political dissident who had been exiled for his opposition to both Díez and Gómez.

Valdés's vision for Pecario resonated with the people. He promised not only economic stability but also genuine political freedoms and a return to democratic principles. His speeches, broadcast secretly via pirate radio and the internet, inspired hope and galvanized support across the country.

By 1990, the opposition coalition was ready to act. On August 20th, in a meticulously planned operation, opposition forces launched a series of coordinated attacks on government installations across Pecari0. In Santa Borbones, the streets erupted in fierce fighting as opposition militias clashed with government troops. Despite Gómez's extensive preparations and the loyalty of his inner circle, the opposition's determination and popular support proved overwhelming. Key military units defected to the opposition, swayed by promises of reform and a return to honor and integrity in the armed forces. The tide turned rapidly against Gómez. As the presidential palace was surrounded, Gómez made a desperate plea for international assistance, but his pleas fell on deaf ears. The international community, long wary of his regime, refused to intervene.

On September 2nd, 1990, Arturo Gómez was captured by opposition forces as he tried to escape in Manamana. In a historic broadcast, Alejandro Valdés declared the end of the Gómez era and the dawn of a new age for Pecario. Gómez was subsequently put on trial for his crimes against the people, including human rights abuses, corruption, and the mishandling of the economic crisis. The trial, held in a newly established democratic court, was seen as a crucial step towards national reconciliation and justice. In March 15th, 1991, he was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. The sentence was seen as a way to prevent further unrest while ensuring that Gómez could not wield power or influence again. Gómez was imprisoned in the high-security Armadillo Penitentiary where he remained until his death in 2005.

21st Century

Pecarians elected a new president and the majority of members of a bicameral congress on 14 March 1991. Alejandro Valdés received an absolute majority of votes (75%). President Valdés served from 1991 to 1999, in what was considered a transition period. Valdés, true to his word, initiated a series of sweeping reforms. The new government dismantled the oppressive security apparatus, released political prisoners, and held free and fair elections. Economic policies were overhauled to combat corruption and promote sustainable development. Efforts to combat the drug cartels were refocused on addressing the root causes of the conflict, including poverty and lack of opportunity.

In more recent times, Pecario has faced some challenges to its democratic institutions. In 2003, President Juan El Chapo faced a severe economic crisis that led to mass protests and his eventual resignation. In 2006, President Luis Mesa came to power, bringing a period of relative calm and stability.

In 2019, Pecario experienced a notable shift in its political landscape when the government of President Luis Mesa faced widespread protests and accusations of corruption. Mesa resigned from office, and a period of political uncertainty followed. Jeanine Áñez, a former senator, assumed the role of acting President, temporarily leading the country until new elections could be held.

In 2020, Pecario held presidential elections, resulting in the election of President Andreas Lineria, who took office later that year. Lineria's presidency has been characterized by efforts to address corruption, promote social reforms, and strengthen the nation's economy.

On 14 August 2023, Pecario was admitted to the Entente of Oriental States as a full member (the country had previously been an observer since December 2017).

Geography

Main article: Geography of Pecario

Geographical features of Pecario

Yutancú National Park.

Pico del Alba, the highest mountain in the wurld.

Luminar Salt Flats in Marenia.

Rainforest in Monte Verde.

Guanamo Desert.

The Kolnoi, a highly biodiverse wetland.

Rolling hills typical of the Imaqusina region.

The geography of the country of Pecario exhibits a great variety of terrains and climates. Pecario has a high level of biodiversity, considered one of the richest in the world, as well as several ecoregions with ecological sub-units. These areas show impressive altitude variations, ranging from 9,500 meters (31,168 feet) at Pico del Alba to around 70 meters (230 feet) in the coastal plains.

Pecario can be divided into six major geographic regions:

• The Cordillera region in the North (Intipallqa) covers about 34% of the national territory. This region includes some of the highest peaks in Pecario, such as Pico del Alba, with an altitude of 6,900 meters (22,637 feet), and Pico Nevado, at 6,750 meters (22,146 feet). This region is also home to the Salar de Luminar, the largest salt flat in the country, which is an important source of lithium.

• The Highlands region (Qollasunka), located immediately south of the Cordillera, is an intermediate area between the Cordillera mountains and the coastal plains. Dominated by altitudes ranging from 3,500 to 5,500 meters (11,483 to 18,044 feet), this region is a key agricultural and mining center, known for its rich deposits of precious metals.

• The Hinterlands region (Antisukara), located north of the highlands, consists mainly of semi-arid savannas. Although this region is less populated than others, it is particularly well-suited for livestock farming and extensive agriculture due to its climate and geographical conditions.

• The Forests region (Chinchamarka) is the largest geographic region of Pecario. It is dominated by tropical forests that stretch along the country’s southwest coast. This region is mostly flat and sparsely populated, with settlements concentrated near the coast, such as the city of San Luis, the largest in the area. It is home to a great diversity of plant and animal species, although deforestation linked to the timber industry poses threats in certain areas. The vast wetlands of Kolnoi are also located here.

• The Coastal region (Imaqusina) stretches along the western and central coasts of the country. This region has been heavily deforested since the 17th century, with only 20% of the original vegetation cover remaining. It is the most densely populated region in the country and hosts the majority of Pecario's industrial and commercial activity. The fertile plains of this region are vital for both subsistence and commercial agriculture.

• The Islands region (Mamaqucha) comprises several small islands off the coast of Pecario. These islands are mostly flat, with fertile soils and beaches, and host wetlands rich in biodiversity. The Alcazara Archipelago is the most well-known island group in Pecario. The main rivers of Pecario are the Río Frontera and the Río Grande del Sol (and its three small tributaries Sayri, Chakayacu, and Allpamayu), all of which flow into Manamana Bay.

Llamas and mountains of the Cordillera del Sol in Las Cumbres.

Geology

The geology of Pecario includes a variety of different lithologies as well as tectonic and sedimentary environments. The country lies at the end of the Aurelia plate and borders caused by Tiauhain plate and the Paran plate. This can cause major earthquakes and Pecario has already suffered violent earthquakes during its history, the most recent being that of 2003 which killed more than 2000 people.

Climate

The climate of Pecario varies drastically from one eco-region to the other, from the tropics in the south to a polar climate in the north. The summers are warm, humid in the east and dry in the west, with rains that often modify temperatures, humidity, winds, atmospheric pressure and evaporation, yielding very different climates in different areas.Winters are very cold in the west, and it snows in the mountain ranges, while in the southern regions, windy days are more common.

Pecario is home to a massive variety of animal species.

Biodiversity

Due to its geographic and climactic diversity, Pecario is home to an immense variety of both flora and fauna; as of 2018, roughly 54,000 species are registered in the country, more than 9,000 of which are endemic. Accordingly, Pecario is typically listed as a megadiverse country.

Pecario is home to several thousand species of plants; while much of this biodiversity is located within the Verde Rainforest, home to some of the greatest species diversity on Eurth, many more species can be found in microbiomes produced by the topography of the Cordillera del Sol Mountains. Trees native to Pecario include mahogany, rubber, manamanawood, manamana nut, Pourouma cecropiifolia, and cashew trees, as well as the country's national tree, the pink ipe. ichu, a type of feathergrass found above the tree line in the Cordillera del Sol Mountains, was historically used as fodder by indigenous Pecarians. The country is also home to many species of flowering and fruiting plants, including the passionfruit, titanka, tamarillo, feijoa, guava, cantuta, false bird of paradise, and vanilla; in particular, the country is famous for having the most species of orchid in the world. The country is also home to as many as 1,200 species of fern and 800 species of fungi. Domesticated crops which originate and were domesticated in Pecario include potatoes, quinoa, cassava, coca, beans, oca, ullucu, and the chili pepper species Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum pubescens.

The country is also home to a massive number of animal species, including at least 1,600 bird species, 600 mammal species, 400 amphibian species, and 300 reptile species. Carnivorous and insectivorous mammals native to Pecario include the jaguar, puma, ocelot, spectacled bear, maned wolf, culpeo, kinkajou, giant anteater, armadillo, and coati; herbivorous mammals native to the country include the tapir, capybara, chinchilla, viscacha, vicuña, marsh deer, and pampas deer. The country is also home to more than three dozen types of primate, including the capuchin monkey, tamarin, and marmoset. Birds native to Pecario include the Cordillera condor, harpy eagle, caracara, Alharun barn owl, Cordillera goose, Cordillera flamingo, kuti, potoo, frigatebird, Pecarian booby, and rufous hornero, as well as several species of macaw, hummingbird, vireo, and toucan. Reptile species native to Pecario include the green anaconda, boa constrictor, fer-de-lance, iguana, Alharun crocodile, black caiman, red-footed tortoise, and gold tegu. With regards to amphibians, Pecario is particularly famous as the home of more than two dozen species of poison dart frog, most of which are endemic to the country. The country is home to more than 1,200 species of freshwater fish, mostly concentrated in the Chakayacu River and its tributaries, and as many as 2,000 species of saltwater fish in its territorial waters. The country is also known for its many species of butterfly and beetle. Domesticated animals which were domesticated in Pecario include the llama, alpaca, and guinea pig.

Environmental policy

Environmental degradation is an issue in many parts of Pecario, and poses a threat to the country's biodiversity. Deforestation has resulted in massive loss of habitat and habitat fragmentation in the coastal regions of the country, and increasingly poses a threat to the Verde Rainforest as the region's timber industry expands; the expansion of cattle ranching and monoculture agriculture in the hinterlands poses a similar threat to the natural ecosystem of that ecoregion and since the 1980s, the rise of drug trafficking has consistently damaged areas considered natural treasures. Despite calls from environmental organizations, illegal drug trafficking continues to ravage protected areas without the government genuinely implementing measures to combat it. Other threats to biodiversity include increased water and air pollution as a result of economic development, infrastructural expansion into previously remote regions, runoff from mining operations, oil exploration efforts, overfishing in the country's waters, and several proposed hydroelectric dams.

In response, the Pecarian government has moved to bolster environmental protection regulations, increasing fines for violations, expanding the country's national parks, national preserves, and wildlife refuges, implementing stricter rules for operations in sustainable use areas, and pausing several controversial infrastructural projects for review. It has also implemented stricter emission regulations and subsidies for companies which can prove their adherence to principles of sustainable development, and some Pecarian states have banned fracking, though federal initiatives to ban fracking have thus far been unsuccessful. While these efforts have been praised, activist organizations and environmental monitoring groups have stated that their implementation and enforcement has been subpar. A Ministry of Environment and Water was created in 2006 after the election of Luis Mesa in 2006.

Largest cities and towns

Approximately 67,55% of Pecarians live in urban area. Nevertheless, the rate of urbanization is growing steadily, at around 2.2% annually. According to the 2016 census in Pecario, there are a total of 2,158,691 households. In 2010, 73.4% of dwellings were classified as house or hut; 4.3% were apartments; 21.1% were rental residences; and 0.1% were mobile homes. Most of the country's largest cities are located in the highlands of the western and central regions of Pecario.

Politics

Governement

Palacio Esmeralda is the official home and principal workplace of the President of Pecario.

The government of Pecario takes place within the framework of a participatory democratic presidential republic, as established by the Constitution of 1990. In accordance with the principle of the separation of powers, the government is divided into three branches: the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch.

As the head of the executive branch, the President of Pecario serves as both the head of state and the head of government, followed by the Vice President and the Council of Ministers. The president is elected through a popular vote to serve a single four-year term and governs from the Presidential Palace, colloquially known as the Emerald Palace (Palacio Esmeralda) located in Santa Borbones. At the provincial level, executive power is vested in department governors, municipal mayors, and local administrators for smaller administrative subdivisions. All regional elections are held one year and five months after the presidential election.

Palace of Justice of Pecario, seat and symbol of the Judiciary of Pecario.

The legislative branch is represented nationally by the Congress, a bicameral institution consisting of a 155-seat Chamber of Representatives and a 100-seat Senate. The Senate is elected nationally, and the Chamber of Representatives is elected in electoral districts. Members of both houses are elected to serve four-year terms, two months before the president, also through a popular vote.

The judicial branch is led by four high courts, including the Supreme Court, which deals with criminal and civil matters, the Council of State, with a special responsibility for administrative law and also providing legal advice to the executive, the Constitutional Court, responsible for ensuring the integrity of the Pecarian Constitution, and the Superior Council of the Magistracy, responsible for overseeing the judicial branch. Unfortunately, this sector has long suffered from issues of corruption and inefficiency. In an effort to address these challenges and reform the judicial system, the government has made revisions to the Constitution in 1996, followed by enacting further laws. Additionally, the government has taken steps to decentralize power, granting more autonomy to departments, municipalities, and indigenous territories. The judiciary in Pecario encompasses the Supreme Court of Justice, the Plurinational Constitutional Court, the Judiciary Council, the Agrarian and Environmental Court, and District and lower courts.

Pecario has experienced a diverse political landscape throughout its history, marked by periods of democratic governance and occasional challenges to its stability. Since gaining independence in 1752, the nation has been governed by various forms of government, including democratically elected leaders and periods of authoritarian rule.

In the early years of Pecario's independence, there were internal conflicts and power struggles, leading to a brief period of civil unrest. However, by the early 1800s, the nation established a tradition of peaceful transfers of power between different political parties, contributing to a relatively stable democratic system. The political scene in Pecario has been characterized by the presence of multiple parties vying for power. Over the years, parties such as the Nationalist Independence Party, the Pecarian Democratic Movement, and the Freedom Coalition have held significant influence in the presidency and the parliament.

In more recent times, Pecario has faced some challenges to its democratic institutions. In 2003, President Juan El Chapo faced a severe economic crisis that led to mass protests and his eventual resignation. In 2006, President Luis Mesa came to power, bringing a period of relative calm and stability.

In 2019, Pecario experienced a notable shift in its political landscape when the government of President Luis Mesa faced widespread protests and accusations of corruption. Mesa resigned from office, and a period of political uncertainty followed. Jeanine Áñez, a former senator, assumed the role of acting President, temporarily leading the country until new elections could be held.

In 2020, Pecario held presidential elections, resulting in the election of President Andreas Lineria, who took office later that year. Lineria's presidency has been characterized by efforts to address corruption, promote social reforms, and strengthen the nation's economy.

Capital

Pecario has its constitutionally recognized capital in Santa Borbones. Santa Borbones was proclaimed the provisional capital of the newly Kingdom of Pecario on 8 September 1632. The 2009 Constitution assigns the role of national capital to Santa Borbones. In addition to being the constitutional capital, the Supreme Court of Pecario is located in Santa Borbones, making it the judicial capital. Furthermore, the Palacio Esmeralda (the Presidential Palace and seat of Pecarian executive power) is located in Santa Borbones, as are the National Congress and Plurinational Electoral Organ.

Foreign relations

Pecarian Vice President Gabriel Valdez greets Juan Carlos Mendoza at his inauguration in Manamana City, 2020.

At the international level, Pecario aims to strengthen its relations with other countries of the world, especially those with similar interests in sustainable development, environmental protection and the promotion of human rights. Due to its history and natural wealth, Pecario also attracts the attention of foreign investors and business partners. Pecario's government seeks to encourage foreign investment while protecting national interests and ensuring that foreign companies operate in accordance with the country's laws and regulations.

Pecario is a full member of the Entente of Oriental States since 2023 (the country had previously been an observer since December 2017).

Despite its efforts to promote positive relations with other countries, Pecario also faces challenges internationally, including issues related to security, drug trafficking and corruption. These issues influence relations with certain countries, but the Pecarian government is trying to resolve them through dialogue and cooperation.

Military

The Pecarian military comprises three branches: Ejército (Army), Naval (Navy) and Fuerza Aérea (Air Force). The Pecarian army has around 31,500 men. There are six military regions in the army. The army is organized into ten divisions. The Pecarian Naval Force (Fuerza Naval Pecariana in Iberic) is a naval force about 10,000 strong in 2008. The Pecarian Air Force ('Fuerza Aérea Pecariana' or "FAP") has nine air bases, located at Santa Borbones, San Rafael, Santa Lucía, Ciudad del Sol, Nueva Estrella and Valleluz.

The Pecarian Army provides a unique example of the transformation of a military leadership into a civilian political elite, simultaneously transferring the power base from the military to a civilian state. The transformation was brought about during the years of dictatorships in the 20th century. The Pecarian Armed Forces are administered by the Secretariat of National Defense (Secretaria de Defensa Nacional, SEDENA). There are two branches: the Pecarian Army (which includes the Pecarian Air Force) and the Pecarian Navy. The Secretariat for Public Security and Civil Protection has jurisdiction over La Vanguardia, which was formed in 2019 from the disbanded Federal Police and Army and Navy Military Police.

The Pecarian Armed Forces maintain significant infrastructure, including facilities for design, research, and testing of weapons, vehicles, aircraft, naval vessels, defense systems and electronics; military industry manufacturing centers for building such systems, and advanced naval dockyards that build heavy military vessels and advanced missile technologies. Since the 1990s, when the military escalated its role in the war on drugs, increasing importance has been placed on acquiring airborne surveillance platforms, aircraft, helicopters, digital war-fighting technologies, urban warfare equipment and rapid troop transport.

Law and order

Vanguardia soldiers, displayed in Santa Borbones.

The Pecarian Federal Police was disbanded in 2018 by a constitutional amendment during the administration of President Luis Mesa and La Vanguardia was created, merging units from the Federal Police, Military Police and Naval Police. Andreas Lineria increasingly uses military forces to enforce national law, particularly against drug cartels. Serious abuses of power have been reported during security operations in the north of the country and in indigenous communities and poor urban neighborhoods. Most Pecarians have low trust in the police or the justice system and as a result few crimes are actually reported by citizens. There have been public outrages against what is seen as a culture of impunity.

Crime

Pecario has a high crime rate due to being a center for the cultivation and trafficking of cocaine. In a country where state capacity has always been weak in some regions, the result has been a grinding war on multiple fronts, with the civilian population caught in the crossfire and often deliberately targeted for "collaborating". Human rights advocates blame paramilitaries for massacres, "disappearances", and cases of torture and forced displacement. Rebel groups are behind assassinations, kidnapping and extortion. Crime and human rights violations in Pecario have been criticized, including enforced disappearances (kidnappings), extrajudicial killings, gender-based violence, especially femicide, and attacks on journalists and human rights defenders. the man.

A 2020 report gives statistics on crime in Pecario, with 7.7 million households having at least one victim of crime. As of May 2022, 20,000 people are officially missing, most since 2008 when President Mesa tried to stop the drug cartels. Drug cartels remain a major problem in Pecario, with a proliferation of small cartels and the increasing use of more sophisticated military equipment and tactics. The war on drugs in Pecario, ongoing since 2015, has left more than 60,000 dead and perhaps 35,000 more missing.

In addition, the most powerful cartel, the Santa Polvo Cartel signed a secret pact with the government of Luis Mesa for the latter to promise non-interference in the affairs of the criminal organization in exchange for the end of the massacres on the Pecarian people. Although ex-president Mesa still denies the existence of such a pact, doubt remains. Nowadays the atrocities committed by the Santa Polvo cartel have not stopped but have worsened according to independent Pecarian sources. More than 2,400 journalists and media workers have been killed or disappeared since 2000, and most of these crimes remained unsolved, improperly investigated, and with few perpetrators arrested and convicted.

There are 34 prisons in Pecario, which incarcerate around 6,500 people as of 2018. The prisons are managed by the Penitentiary Regime Directorate (Stillian: Dirección de Régimen Penintenciario). There are 10 prisons in departmental capital cities and 22 provincial prisons.

Administrative divisions

Flag	Name	Capital	Governor	Population
	Chayaltaca	Pukara	Edgar Zanhuesa	800,000
	Monteflor	Flor Ciudad	Jairo Santolaria	1,400,000
	Riofresco	Rio Vista	Oier Mesonero	1,700,000
	Las Cumbres	Pico Central	Uxue Tejedor	550,000
	Valleluz	Valleluz	Ignacio Alcaide	3,000,000
	Costa del Sol	Solmarina	Samuel Carranza	4,200,000
	Tierra Verde	San Miguel	Victor Nápoles	2,000,000
	San Cristóbal	San Mateo	Thiago Piedrabuena	1,000,000
	Santa Borbones	Santa Borbones	Antonio Jose Montemayor	1,500,000
	Costa Dorada	San Luis	Clément Desmoulins	4,000,000
	Fortaleza	Iochia	Biel Montilla	2,000,000
	Permaca	Fenzera	Soraya Marqués	100,000
	Cañón Rojo	Los Sabios	Oriol Ovejero	450,000
	Altamar	Puerto Verde	Lia Peris	550,000
	Bahía Azul	Cocha	Nil Marqués	800,000
	Montañosa	Nuevo Ciudad	Paula Monedero	500,000

According to what is established by the Pecarian Political Constitution, the Law of Autonomies and Decentralization regulates the procedure for the elaboration of Statutes of Autonomy, the transfer and distribution of direct competences between the central government and the autonomous entities.

There are four levels of decentralization: Departmental government, constituted by the Departmental Assembly, with rights over the legislation of the department. The governor is chosen by universal suffrage. Municipal government, constituted by a Municipal Council, with rights over the legislation of the municipality. The mayor is chosen by universal suffrage. Regional government, formed by several provinces or municipalities of geographical continuity within a department. It is constituted by a Regional Assembly. Original indigenous government, self-governance of original indigenous people on the ancient territories where they live.

Economy

Generally considered a developing economy, Pecario has been historically dependent upon exports, mostly of agricultural or mineral goods; while these exports provided hard currency and substantial revenues in times of international prosperity, they left Pecario dependent upon volatile global market trends, limited self-sustaining economic growth, and resulted in a highly unequal distribution of income. As a result, many Pecario governments have sought to expand the country's industrial and commercial sectors, efforts which have been aided by a general trend towards increased urbanization. While the economic situation in Pecario has generally trended positively in recent years, inequality in the country remains high, the Eurth Global Economic Institute estimates that, as of 2017, roughly 24.7% of Pecario's population lives on less than $5 a day. The country's unemployment rate was estimated at 3.8% in 2018; however, this figure fails to account for underemployment, which is also a severe issue in the country.

A coffee plantation in rural Pecario.

As of 2020, it is estimated that roughly 56.3% of Pecario's gross domestic product comes from the country's service sector}}, which employs roughly 51.8% of the Pecarian workforce. Agriculture now only makes up 8.2% of the country's GDP, but still employs 27.5% of the labor force; manufacturing and industry compose 35.5% of the GDP and provide employment to 20.7% of the Aucurian workforce.

Pecario's currency is the Pecarian inti (₱).

Agriculture

Agriculture has traditionally been Pecario's most important economic sector, with the country's geographic and climactic diversity permitting the rearing of a wide variety of plants and animals. The overall importance of agriculture to the Pecarian economy has shrunk consistently over the past several decades as the country has industrialized and diversified economically, with agriculture now only representing 8.2% of Pecario's GDP, but it continues to provide more than a fifth of the country's jobs and constitutes 31.2% of the country's exports as of 2019.

Pecario is a major producer of several lucrative cash crops, including sugarcane, coffee, cocoa, cotton, and tobacco, and of important staple food such as potatoes, soybeans, maize, and cassava. The country is also a major producer of bananas and plantains, citrus, tangerines, lemons and pineapples. Other crops produced in Pecario include common beans, chili peppers, onions, asparagus, rice, grapes, mangoes, guavas, papayas, melons, acai, wheat, barley, quinoa, garlic, cashews, peanuts, Manamana nuts, and coconuts. Livestock and animal products also represent an important sector of Pecario agricultural production, particularly in the country's inland savanna areas, which are greatly conducive to ranching. Poultry, beef, fish, shellfish, and pork are all produced in Pecario, as are eggs, dairy products, wool, and leather.

A noteworthy portion of Pecarian agricultural products continue to be produced by family farms, particularly with regards to the raising of staple crops and livestock, but the proportion of Pecarian agricultural production controlled by foreign and domestic agribusiness has grown in recent decades. This has sparked concerns as to the livelihood of family and traditional farmers, as well as environmental concerns related to habitat destruction, monoculture, and the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers.

The Cerro da Plata in San Cristóbal, still an important mining site since the colonial times.

Mining and forestry

Mining is a major sector of the Pecarian economy, rivalled only by agriculture for most of the country's history; precious and non-precious stones represent roughly 14% of Pecario's exports and minerals represent roughly 17.5%, with the mining sector as a whole constituting approximately 32.5% of the country's exports as of 2019. Pecario is a leading producer of gold, silver, and copper, and an important producer of zinc, lead, and tin. Other minerals and precious metals produced in Pecarioo include tungsten, iron, platinum, and molybdenum. There are proven reserves of both petroleum and natural gas within Pecario; combined they represent about 15% of the country's mineral exports. The country also exports emeralds, tourmaline, slate, granite, plaster, ceramics, glass, feldspar, chalk, phosphates, potash, petroleum coke, and quicklime.

Forestry, in particular the felling of trees for timber, is also economically important for Pecario; the country's geographic diversity allows for the growth and harvesting of a variety of trees, though many of the most valuable types - such as mahogany and manamanan wood - are found exclusively within the Verde Rainforest. The felling of trees to produce charcoal is economically relevant in some rural regions, and Pecario is also a noteworthy producer of pulp and paper. Efforts to expand the country's timber industry further are contentious, with opponents arguing that these efforts would result in serious damage to Pecario's natural environment.

Industry

The expansion of Pecario's domestic industry has been a goal of many Pecarian governments since the country obtained its independence, though this was often accompanied by efforts at protectionism and the industrialization of the country did not truly take off until the 20th century. Pecario's industrial sector currently comprises 35.5% of the country's GDP and provides employment to 20.7% of its workforce. While the growth of industry in the country has been linked to economic development, concerns exist about the links between Pecario's industrial sector and both water pollution and air pollution in the country.

The industrial sector in Pecario is highly diversified between several forms of light and heavy industry, including textiles, furniture, refined metals, chemicals, vehicle manufacturing, production of heavy machinery, and electronics manufacturing. Pecario's natural mineral wealth means that metalworking - including the refining and working of copper, zinc, tin, lead, iron, and steel - represents a particularly important area of Pecarian industry; however, it by no means predominates. Similarly, Pecario's status as a major producer of agricultural goods means that food processing composes a noteworthy proportion of Pecarian industrial production.

The Valleluz Stock Exchange.

Commerce and finance

Commerce and finance have traditionally represented a relatively small portion of Pecario's economy, though the substantial expansion of the country's service sector in the past four decades,has changed this. Financial services represented just over 19% of the country's GDP in 2015. The country's premier stock exchange is the Valleluz Stock Exchange.

Infrastructure

Media and telecommunications

While some parts of Pecario's print-based media can be traced as far back as the country's war of independence, the modern state of the country's media largely emerged after the end of the Gomez regime and new protections for press freedom resulted in the diversification of the country's media. The broadsheet Diario Cordillero, one of the oldest newspapers in Pecario, is widely considered to be the national newspaper of record; other major newspapers in the country include El Comercio del Sur, El Sol de Pecario, Onda Joven, Revista Horizonte, Mundo Cordillero, Conexión Cordillera, El Sentinela and Diario Nacional ; major newsmagazines in the country include Eco-Pecario andEl Semanal Urbano.

The country's public broadcaster for both radio and television is PNRT, which was founded as a radio broadcaster in 1927 and began television broadcasts in 1955. Major privately-run radio networks in the country include Onda Sur and Radio Libertad , and other major television broadcasters include PNT, Visión del Pueblo, and Canal Cordillero. In addition, a large number of local radio and television broadcasters operate within the country.

Most media in Pecario is printed or broadcast in Iberic. As a result, indigenous activists have long called for an increase in the amount of Quepec and Andyo media produced in the country. Legislation passed in 2007 mandated that ANRT provide Quepec and Andyo subtitling for its programs, and many private media operators have taken similar actions or created Quepec- or Andyo- language channels. There are also newspapers printed in the Quepec and Andyo languages and aimed at indigenous audiences. Historically, Pecario also had many newspapers printed in the languages of immigrant populations to the countries; as these populations assimilated, however, many of these newspapers closed, and few survive today.

Telecommunications infrastructure is unevenly distributed in Pecario, with modern broadcasting, telephone, and internet infrastructure relatively widespread in the country's populated south but even basic infrastructure often lacking in rural regions of the country's sparsely-populated interior. Many Pecarian governments have promised to fix this situation, but efforts to expand infrastructure in the country's rural interior have met with varying degrees of success and controversy.

Energy

Pecario is well-endowed with energy resources, and has been a net energy exporter since 2005. Domestically, the country's primary power utility is the publicly-owned Relámpago de Pecario, which controls roughly 60% of the country's market either directly or through subsidiaries. 62.7% of the country's energy generation was hydroelectric in 2020, and the country has been internationally praised for its commitment to green energy. Additionally, in spite of the construction of several major dams, most famously the Agrimentes dam, most analysts believe that Aucuria's full hydroelectric potential remains unexplored. The construction of further dams has run into intense controversy, however, with environmental groups pointing to the disruption of riverine and jungle ecosystems and indigenous groups objecting to the further displacement of indigenous tribes by reservoirs. In recent years, Pecario's government has also investigated expansions of wind and solar power, which could allow the country to expand its green energy sector without the issues associated with hydroelectric power.

Pecario does have domestic fossil fuel reserves, primarily of petroleum and natural gas; exports of oil and natural gas combined represent about 12% of the country's mineral exports, and fossil energy represents 23% of the country's electricity generation. However, Pecario's domestic refining capability cannot meet demand, and so the country has to import fuel oil, gasoline, and diesel. The Pecarian government has also encouraged investment in the production of ethanol from corn & sugarcane and biodiesel from soybeans, which would allow the country to take advantage of its agricultural sector for energy production.

Tourist guide to visit Pecario.

Tourism

Tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors in Pecario, with approximately 10% of the national labor force employed in tourism as of 2018. This rapid growth has been fueled by the variety of options presented to tourists by Pecario as a result of its geography and heritage, and by deliberate efforts to promote the sector's growth with advertising and improvements to tourist infrastructure. The tourism sector's rapid growth was negatively impacted by the current cartel wars in Pecario.

Natural areas are a major attractor for tourists to Pecario as a result of the country's geographic diversity, allowing for a variety of leisure and recreational activities. Beachgoing is extremely popular for domestic and foreign tourists alike, with the country boasting a variety of fantastic beaches along its Manamaman Bay coastline; the islands of the Alcazara archipelago and Isla Penã, Caravalla, in particular have been heavily promoted for international tourists by the Pecarian Ministry of Tourism in recent years. The Cordillera del Sol provide ample opportunities for hiking and similar activities. Ecotourism and environmental voluntourism are important parts of the Pecarian tourism sector, especially in the Verde Rainforest and pantanal, as a result of the country's immense biodiversity and many national parks. The country also provides many opportunities for adventure tourism.

Cultural tourism is also a major sector of the Pecarian tourism industry as a result of Pecario's remarkable historic and cultural patrimony. The indigenous civilizations of Pecario left a rich archaeological and cultural impact upon the nation, and many pre-colonial sites are now important tourist attractions. These include the archaeological sites at Cùnchalan, Valcambila, and Kállanka, as well as the famous Guanamo geoglyphs and the citadel of Fortaleza de la Costa. Tourists also come to see preserved Iberic colonial architecture, most of it in the famous Cordilleran Baroque style, with the historic centers of Santa Borbones, Valleluz, and San Luis all home to famous examples of preserved colonial buildings. Santa Borbones is also known for its many museums. Gastrotourism is a noteworthy subset of cultural tourism within Pecario, with tourists attracted to the unique synthesis of indigenous, colonial, and immigrant traditions offered by Pecarian cuisine.

Transportation

Railways

Pecario has 3,172 kilometers (1,970 miles) of railway as of 2018. While rail was a crucial form of transit in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the Pecarian rail network has declined since the prioritization of highway construction in the 1950s, and at least 400 kilometers of the country's rail network are no longer in use. The country's railways have always been dominated by freight traffic, which constituted a majority of rail traffic during the system's heyday and represents more than 90% of rail traffic as of 2022; much of this freight consists of minerals and ores. Most railways in the country are narrow-gauge, as it was easier to construct in mountainous regions of the country. Pecarian Railways is Aucuria's national railway company; having previously been dissolved by the Gomez regime in 1971, it was reconstituted in 2003 as part of a broader effort to revitalize Pecario's railway system. Three Pecarian cities - Santa Borbones, Valleluz, and San Luis - have metro systems.

Seaports

Seaports handled roughly 80% of Pecario's international cargo as of 2013, with the country's primary seaports being located in San Luis], Solmarina, Los Picos, and Marbela. The Pecarian merchant marine totals twenty ships as of 2009; the country also has seven ships registered in other countries. Navigable waterways have historically been an important means of transport in Pecario, particularly in the country's interior.

Roads

Roads serve as the primary carriers of passenger and freight traffic in Pecario. Large-scale investment in the country's road and highway systems in the automobile age began with the presidency of Marco Vanges del Lonto in the 1930s, but intensified sharply during the 1950s under Joaquin Aguirre Cedillo presidency. Despite these investments, only about 13.5% of the country's roughly 205,000 kilometers (~127,300 miles) of roadways are paved. The national highway system, which measures roughly 9,500 kilometers in total, is managed by the country's Ministry of Transport and Communications and patrolled by the Vanguardia. Expansion of the country's road network is a regular topic of political debate in Pecario at both the state and national levels, with expansion of paved roads in rural areas acting as a primary campaign promise of former president Luis Mesa; concerns of habitat destruction and fragmentation, particularly in the hinterlands and Verde Rainforest, have bogged down many efforts in this area.

Pecario's Camino del Abismo Road was called the "eurth's most dangerous road". The northern portion of the road, much of it unpaved and without guardrails, was cut into the Cordillera Mountain in the 1920's. Each year over 25,000 bikers cycle along the 40 miles (64 km) road. Every year about 200 people die using this road. Although a new, safer road was built in 1998, the Camino del Abismo road is still widely used today. In 2016, a bill to ban access to the road was launched but did not succeed.

Air

Landing at the San Miguel Airport.

As of 2007, Pecario had 550 airports, 70 of which had paved runways and 18 of which are built to accommodate jet aircraft; the country also has two heliports. The country's primary airport is El Dorado International Airport in Santa Borbones; other major airports are located in Valleluz, San Mariposa. The General Directorate of Civil Aeronautics of Pecario (Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil de Pecario - DGACP), formerly part of the FAP (Pecario Air Force), supervises a school of civil aeronautics called the National Institute of Civil Aeronautics of Pecario (Instituto Nacional de Aeronáutica Civil de Pecario - INACP), as well as two commercial air transport services, Pecario Air and Pecario Express.

Pecario Air - Transporte Aéreo Pecariano (Pecario's Military Airline) is an airline based in Santa Borbones, in the heart of the country. It is the civil branch of the Pecario Air Force, providing passenger transport services to remote and remote areas north and northeast of Pecario. Pecario Air (also known as Pecario Air Group 71) has been part of the FAP since 1985. The airline has recently modernized its fleet to meet the highest standards of safety and comfort.

Pecario Express, proudly nicknamed "Las Alas de Pecario" (The Wings of Pecario), is the national airline of Pecario and wholly owned by the government of the country. It offers a quality and reliable air service, connecting the main cities and tourist destinations of Pecario. With a modern fleet of aircraft, Pecario Express has become a symbol of national pride. A private airline serving regional destinations is Línea Aérea Pecariano, better known as Pecario Wings. It also offers international connections with some neighbouring countries. Pecario Wings stands out for its personalized service and commitment to passenger safety.

Despite being a civil transport airline, TAP - Transportes Aéreos Pecariano was established as a subsidiary of FAP in 1977. It is subordinate to the Pecario Air Transport Directorate (Gerencia de Transportes Aéreos de Pecario) and is headed by a FAP general. Pecario TAP, a charter cargo airline, provides vital routes for Pecario's economy and development, connecting the country to international markets. The three largest and main international airports in Pecario are El Dorado International Airport in Santa Borbones, Viracocha International Airport in Valleluz and Condor International Airport in San Mariposa. There are also regional airports in other cities that are connected to these three main hubs, allowing travelers to experience the beauty and diversity of Pecario from the air.

Demographics

According to the last two censuses carried out by the Pecarian National Statistics Institute (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE), the population increased from 25,089,468 in 2003 to 29,059,856 in 2023. Traditionally a rural nation, Pecario has seen widespread urbanization in recent decades, and at least two-thirds of the country's population now lives in urban areas. In the last fifty years the Pecarian population has tripled, reaching a population growth rate of 2.25%. Some 67.55% of Pecarians live in urban areas, while the remaining 32.45% in rural areas. According to the 2012 census, 58% of the population is between 15 and 59 years old, 41% is less than 15 years old. Almost 65% of the population is younger than 25 years of age. The country has an overall literacy rate of 92%, with illiteracy rates higher among the poor, the elderly, and the inhabitants of rural areas.

The Pecarian population is very ethnically diverse, having been shaped by multiple waves of immigration over successive centuries of habitation, with the country's modern population descended from various populations of indigenous Pecarians, Iberic colonists and settlers, Atenic and various Europan and ethnicities that immigrated to the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As a result of this diversity, Pecario is commonly considered a multicultural society. Pecario's census, conducted by the Instituto Pecariano de Estadística y Geografía (Pecarian Institute of Statistics and Geography), or IPEG, reports ethnic data.

Ethnic demographics of Pecario

  Albianos (10.0%)

  Mezcla (55.0%)

  Quepec (15.0%)

  Andyo (10.0%)

  Other indigenous (7.0%)

  Other/not stated (3.0%)

Roughly 10.0% of the Pecarian population identifies as Albianos, or white Pecarians. The term "Embarrados" emerged during the colonial period and originally referred to ethnic Iberic who had been born in Mesothalassa, in contrast to the Sotivales, ethnic Ruttish born in Euclea. While most modern Albianos are descended from these original Iberic colonists, the term's use has been broadened in subsequent centuries to refer to all Pecarians of Europan origin, as a result, the term now also encompasses the descendants of 19th- and 20th century Europan immigrants to Pecario. These Europan immigrants came from a variety of countries, including Red Iberos, Mantella, San Gorgio and San Jorge, and while most have at least partially assimilated into the broader Albianos population, many do retain unique features of their cultural heritage.

Mezcla, or individuals of mixed ethnic origin, make up approximately 55% of the Pecarian population, making them the largest ethnic group in the country. While most associated with individuals of mixed Europan, indigenous Pecarians descent, the term "Mezcla" can and regularly does refer to any person of multiracial or multiethnic descent.

Roughly 30% of the country's population, are indigenous Pecarians. Most indigenous Pecarians belong to either the Runanca or Andyo peoples, who make up 15% and 10% of the country's population respectively. Both the Quepec and Andyo are associated with complex pre-Pecarian civilizations, having been the primary ethnic groups within the Tuachec Empire. In many rural parts of the country's highlands region, they continue to constitute a majority of the population, and their languages, culture, and traditions remain relatively strong as a result. Another 7% of the Pecarian population is composed of other indigenous groups, including the Hoscos, the Chapoyo, Mayáni and Vajoru, the vast majority of whom are located in the Verde Rainforest. The Pecario Fundación Nacional Aborigen (Pecario National Aboriginal Foundation) estimates that there may also be eight to twelve uncontacted tribes located within the Verde rainforest.

Religion

Religion in Pecario
Religion			percent
Tacolism			60.0%
Orthodoxy			12.0%
Atheist/Agnostic			5.0%
Atenism			8.0%
Other religions			3.0%
Not stated			2.0%

The largest religion in Pecario is Tacolic Christianism, which is practiced by 60% of the country's population. Brought by Iberic colonists, and imposed by them on indigenous populations and imported slave labor, Tacolism has been a dominant force in Pecarian society and culture since. The Tacolic Church was a major landholder and provider of public services through the 1800s, and while the church's societal and political role has generally declined since independence, it nonetheless retains a uniquely prominent position within the country.

Adherents of the various orthodox churches make up 19% of the Pecarian population. While Pecario has long had a small Orthodox population, mostly of Lysian origin, Orthodoxy has grown substantially in the country in the past two decades.

Santa Borbones Cathedral is one of Pecario's most famous Tacolic churches.

Pecarian tacolism is marked by a high degree of syncretism, especially in rural areas, a tendency which emerged from colonial efforts to suppress the religious traditions of the indigenous population. Many Pecarian religious festivals and aspects incorporate rites and iconography from a variety of sources, and the practice of folk religion in Pecario can vary widely from region to region depending on which cultures and ethnicities influenced the syncretistic process.

Many other religions were brought to Pecario by 19th- and 20th-century immigrants, and retain presences, if comparatively minor ones, within Pecario today. Notably Atenism who encompass roughly 8% of the Pecarian population. Atenic evangelists first arrived in Pecario in the mid-18th century from Per-Aten, establishing missions primarily in the highland regions where indigenous communities were undergoing social and religious transformation. These missionaries sought to introduce Atenism as a bridge between precolonial polytheistic traditions and monotheistic systems, positioning Aten—their solar deity—as a universal god who could resonate with Pecarian cultural cosmology.

Much of the indigenous population adheres to different traditional beliefs marked by inculturation or syncretism with Tacolism. The cult of Mamayacha, or "Mother Earth", is notable. Deities worshiped in Pecario include Zalanteco, the god of nature and wild animals, Quilla the god od the Mun and the Great Creator of the wurld, and Xihuitl, the goddess of the seasons and the cycle of life.

We can also note the practice of the cult of Santa Muerte. Descibred as a new religious movement, Santa Murete is a female deity, folk-Tacolic saint and folk saint in Pecarian folk Tacolism and Neopaganism. Despite condemnation by the Tacolic Church and Evangelical pastors, her cult has become increasingly prominent since the turn of the 21st century. This cult is encouraged by drug cartels, including the Santa Polvo Cartel, which preaches, often violently, the good words of the Santa Muerte to the population.

The Constitution of Pecario guarantees freedom of religion for all residents of the country, explicitly declaring protections for freedom of conscience and worship and for the independence of churches, and establishes the country as a secular state.

Education

In 2007, Pecario was declared free of illiteracy. The education system in Pecario faces many obstacles, in particular the lack of resources and qualified personnel in areas that are difficult to access.

Culture

Pecarian culture has been heavily influenced by the Iberic, the Guaruma, the Quepec culturs. The cultural development is divided into three distinct periods: pre-colonial, colonial, and republican. Important archaeological ruins, gold and silver ornaments, stone monuments, ceramics, and weavings remain from several important pre-Colonial cultures. Major ruins include Vunawaku, Tualcacán, El Fuerte de Damoya, Tukavera and Kallanka. The country abounds in other sites that are difficult to reach and have seen little archaeological exploration.

The Iberics brought their own tradition of religious art which, in the hands of local indigenous and mestizo builders and artisans, developed into a rich and distinctive style of architecture, painting and sculpture. The colonial period produced not only the paintings of Diego Vargas, Valentina Sanchez, Rodrigo Ortega, and others but also the works of skilled but unknown stonemasons, woodcarvers, goldsmiths and goldsmiths. A significant body of indigenous religious music from the colonial period has been recovered and has been performed internationally with wide acclaim since 1993.

Pecarian has a rich folklore. Its regional folk music is distinctive and varied. The "devil dances" at the annual carnival of Avalrez are one of the great folkloric events of South Alharu, as is the lesser known carnival at El Rosario.

Cover from the Chronicles of the New Wurld.

Literature

The literary production of the Tuachec period, and of the preceding periods of Pecario's pre-colonial history, is believed to have been primarily oral in nature; some have speculated that pre-colonial literature might also be preserved by quillu, though this is a point of contention and, as archaeologists are unsure of how to decipher quillu, cannot be conclusively proven or disproven. The two main genres of pre-colonial work were the harawi, a form of lyric poetry, and the hayllo, a form of epic poetry. Harawi often focused on daily privations and rituals, unrequited love, and personal life, whereas hayllo tended to relay Tuachec mythology and historiography. Much of this pre-colonial literary production has been lost, oftentimes as the result of deliberate destruction by colonial authorities.

During the early years of Iberic colonization, Pecarian literary production consisted primarily of chronicles detailing the exploration and conquest of the region and documenting local flora, fauna, and indigenous peoples. Christiano Davegga, Stillian friar, wrote the Chronicles of the New Wurld or the Journey of Diego de Montega between 1630 and 1647, documenting the appearance of pre-colonial Pecario, the Iberic conquest of the Tuachecs, and the early settlement of the region. Other important Pecarian chroniclers include Bartolomé Velazquez, Amando Encinas and Epifanio Bobadilla. Additionally, indigenous and mezcla chroniclers such as Vidal Zamòryno and Efraín Penac worked to record Tuachec mythology, traditions, customs and provide a Tuachec impression of the conquest of Pecario and colonial rule.

The neoclassical style retained its dominance over Pecarian literature for several decades after independence, reinforced by the admiration of Pecarian revolutionaries for the ancient times notably the Aroman Empire and melded with a nascent Pecarian nationalism. Many works from this period sought to create a narrative of Pecarian history and identity. Prominent authors and poets of the early republican period include Sergio Ayo and Feliciano Casco.

Beginning in the 1820s, neoclassicism was steadily overshadowed by romanticism, emblematized by authors and poets such as Silvio Linares and José Gerena, which was in turn overshadowed by realism, represented by the works of individuals including Sebastián Durazo, Juan Canedo and Cayo Mar. Many works of this period retained the nationalistic influences of the late neoclassical period,

The sociopolitical instability that emerged as a result of modernization provoked a turn towards modernism in Pecarian literature. Indigenismo and social criticism were influential trends in Pecarian literature during the early 1900s. Famous authors from this period include Joaquin Vences and Jenaro Fletes. These trends continued into the mid-century, but the rise of the Gòmez regime saw a suppression of non-traditional literary styles and works perceived as dissident. After the deposition of Arturo Gòmez in the Soft Revolution, this censorship was ended, allowing for a return to openness in Pecarian literature and poetry.

Art

The Pecarian artistic tradition encompasses a variety of movements and styles.

The Pecarian artistic tradition can trace its origins to painted cave art in the northern caves of Chacaltaya, dating around 7000 years old. The cave paintings depicted handprints, figures, and animals. Further in time, the Lochò culture, saw the development of the first widespread, recognizable artistic style in the region. Much of Lochò art is believed to have been religious in nature, and is known for its complex iconography, frequent depiction of animals, and use of contour rivalry. The Guaruma and Chávanan cultures, which succeeded the Lochòs, developed their own unique artistic traditions; the Guarumas are known for their portrait vessels, while the Chávanan are known for their painted pottery and vibrant textiles. The Basáy culture, which thrived from the 800 to the 1100 CE, are remembered for their richly-colored textiles and ornate metalwork and inlay, but are perhaps best known for their unique monochromatic pottery, produced by firing clay at high temperatures in a closed kiln. During the Tuachec period, the Quepec and Andyo synthesized the artistic styles of the cultures that had preceded them, resulting in an explosion of works in a new, eclectic style.

Iberic colonization brought the Europan artistic tradition to the region. Pecarian sculpture and painting began to define themselves from the ateliers founded by monks. The Iberic domination imposed its religious art centered on iconography. In this context, the stalls of the Cathedral choir, the fountain of the Main Square of Santa Borbones both by Polìo de Naguera and Mateo Chiuescio, and a great part of the colonial production were registered. The ornate neoclassical paintings contributed to the aesthetics of the establishment of the rich colonial aristocracy and the grand churches. While the art from the earliest years of colonial period drew primarily from the Renaissance styles, Pecarian colonial art is most heavily associated with the Baroque style, which dominated from the 1600s to the mid-1700s. The Santa Borbones School, established in 1683, taught Europan artistic techniques in Alharu, which paved the way for the syncretization of Europan and indigenous Alharun styles and the development of a unique artistic tradition. Defining characteristics of the artistic style include a heavy focus on religious subjects, the depiction of local wildlife and landscapes, a lack of perspective, the widespread use of gold and silver leaf and the application of watercolor on top of metal leaf to provide a distinctive sheen. Following Pecario's corrigimiento by Iverica, the Rococo style gained increasing traction within the country.

After Pecario obtained its independence in 1760, there was a turn in the country towards the neoclassical style, as many revolutionaries admired ancient Aroman Empire, whose democratic and republican ideals they considered precedent for their own. Much of the art from the early years of the Pecarian republic was history painting and portraiture that sought to construct a narrative of Pecarian history and identity. As the 1800s progressed, neoclassicalism was increasingly overshadowed by romanticism and realism, a strong nationalistic bent to artwork persisted, however, with works often depicting the country's history, landscapes, and leading figures. Emblematic of this tendency was costumbrismo, which spanned both romanticism and realism and focused on scenes of everyday life and local traditions in Pecario.

The social instability arising from modernization provoked an increased interest in non-traditional, transgressive, modernist styles. Impressionism thrived in the country during the 1880s and 1890s. The focus on Pecarian customs and traditions embodied by costumbrismo transformed into indigenismo, which focused primarily on indigenous customs & history and overlapped heavily with the muralist movement. In the early 20th century, the expressionist, cubist, and surrealist movements gained traction in the country. Victor Maríano was the most internationally renowned Pecarian artist and the proprietor of expressionist and surrealist paintings. Many of Maríano's most famous works, such as "Amor Secreto," were influenced by the dark periods of military dictatorships that followed in the 19th or 20th centuries in Pecario.

Abstract and contemporary art spread to Pecario following the 1940s. These movements were suppressed by the authoritarian regimes, which associated them with political radicalism and instead emphasized more traditional artistic styles, but have thrived in the country since the Jasmine Revolution.

Toaday, with the normalization of violence linked to the War on drugs, urban art rapidly developed in Pecario. One can mention Miguel Cruz, a young urban artist who, through his murals, denounces violence, corruption, consumerism, and pollution.

Architecture

Many of Pecario's pre-colonial civilizations left behind impressive works of monumental architecture which survive into the present. These include the step pyramids of the Lochò civilization, aqueducts of the Piura, megalithic structures of the Guaruma Empire, and adobe brick structures of the Chávanan culture. Tuachec architecture is among the most significant pre-colonial architecture in Mesothalassa and Alharu, and many examples of it are well preserved. It is known for its [[Wikipedia:dry-stone|]] stonemasonry, which has proved remarkably durable, and for the road system the Tuachecs used to connect their domains. Among the most famous examples of Tuachec architecture are the Kallánka royal palace and Tuyuc Wasi temple and the citadel of Cùnchalan.

Pecario is often associated with Cordillerean Baroque architecture.

Colonialism saw the Renaissance, Gothic, and Baroque architectural styles, all well-established in the Iberic Empire, brought over to Pecario. Of these, Baroque architecture predominated, and a local variant known as Cordillerean Baroque developed. Cordillerean Baroque preserved the rich ornamentation of Europan Baroque, but blended it with uniquely Pecarian features, including indigenous motifs, representations of native flora and fauna, and rustication modelled after Tuachec stonework. Iberic colonizers also implemented a philosophy of urban planning, placing buildings which invoked Iberic rule - such as forts, missions, and churches - in prominent or central locations to maximize their visibility.

Neoclassical architecture arrived in Pecario in the 1770s and 1780s, and rapidly became a popular and enduring architectural style; it was sometimes referred to as "Arquitectura República", as it was heavily associated with the newly-established Pecarian Republic. Beginning in the mid-1800s, Pecarian neoclassicism drew increasing influence from the Beaux-Arts school of architecture, which was itself primarily derived from the principles of Lysian neoclassicism. While some other architectural styles - particularly the Gothic revival and Baroque revival styles - were able to establish themselves in the country during the period, the neoclassical-Beaux-Arts style remained functionally unchallenged as the predominant architectural style in Pecario until the 1930s.

Art Deco architecture flourished in Pecario during the 1930s and 1940s. Modernism and internationalism began to appear in the country during the eraly 1950s. However, these styles, alongside the subsequent styles of postmodernism and neo-futurism, were regarded with suspicion by the authoritarian regimes, which sought to control them and promote more traditional architectural styles, efforts which had at most mixed success. Since the Jasmine Revolution, the neomodern and contemporary styles of architecture have become increasingly prominent within Pecario.

Music

Pecarian playing the traditional tarka flute.

Pecarian music has indigenous and Iberian roots. In pre-colonial times, the quena, the tarka (flute) and the tinya were two common instruments. The Iberians introduced new instruments, such as the guitar and the harp, which led to the development of hybrid instruments like the charango. Pecarian folk dances include the marinera, tondero, zamacueca, diablada, and huayno.

Pecarian music is dominated by the national instrument, the charango. In the regions around Lake Chakumiri, the charango is used in courtship rituals, symbolically invoking mermaids with the instrument to attract women to the male performers.

Violins, guitars, and harps of Europan origin are also played. A very famous instrument from Pecario is the Pan flute, dating back to the Tuachec era. It is made of hollow bamboo tubes and is widely played in the Cordillera del Sol region.

Pecario has a long tradition of music from the preiberic era to the present. Much of the music from the colonial era was composed for religious purposes.

Dancers in front of the Alcuno Cathedral filling the streets of Alcuno during a folk festival.

Traditional Pecarian music includes corridos. Corridos were particularly popular during the Pecarian Revolution (1917–20) and in the present era include narcocorridos. The embrace of rock and roll by young Pecarians in the 1960s and 1970s brought Pecario into the transnational, counterculture movement of the era. On an everyday basis most Pecarians listen to contemporary music such as pop, rock, and others in both Anglish and Iberic. The symbol of Pecarian music is Luis Montoya, wurld renowned virtuoso guitarist and considered to be the father of the modern classical guitar.

Cuisine

Pecarian cuisine is known for its diversity, the result of the country's varied geography and its heterogeneous population. Many of the plants typical to Iberic cuisine were brought by Iberic over several crops, herbs, and animals, including wheat, barley, rice, beef, pork, chicken, onions, asparagus, beets, grapes, dill, garlic, coriander, caraway, and oregano. These foodstuffs and culinary tendencies mixed with those of the Tuachecs, who had their own, centuries-old culinary tradition. Native crops such as potatoes, corn, quinoa, beans, cassava, chili peppers, and caigua quickly became integrated into the cuisine of Iberic settlers, while some other native crops - such as oca, ullucu, mashua, tarwi, and maca - persisted mainly among indigenous populations. The country's cuisine also features a great variety of tropical fruits (including bananas, plantains, oranges, pineapples, mangoes, guavas, and papayas), nuts (such as cashews, peanuts, and Manamanan nuts), and other agricultural products (including coffee, chocolate, and sugar).

Bandeja paisa is sometimes regarded as Pecario's national dish.

Breakfast (Iberic: Desayuno) is typically the largest meal of the day in Pecario, with lunch (Almuerza) only slightly smaller and dinner (Cena) typically the lightest meal.

There are numerous regional variations within Pecarian cuisine. The cuisines of the coastal regions and the country's islands have a traditional bent towards the use of poultry and seafood, while the cuisine of the highlands region tends to rely more heavily on native crops and animals, and the cuisine of the hinterlands places greater importance on red meat, often grilled or smoked.

Bandeja paisa ("Bandeirantes's breakfast"), a breakfast dish consisting of red or black beans, white rice, ground meat or sausage (such as chorizo, [[Wikipedia:linguiça|]], or botifarra), a fried egg, a piece of fried plantain, hogao, and a arepa, is sometimes considered to be the Pecarian national dish. Other dishes regarded as distinctly Pecarian include empanada, fried turnovers filled with meat, vegetables, and cheese; Papa a la huancaína, sliced boiled potatoes topped in a spicy cream sauce; Lomo a lo pobre, beef tenderloin served with a fried egg and french fries; Rocoto relleno, spicy red peppers stuffed with ground meat and cheese, fried in egg batter or masa, and topped with cheese; and Ají de gallina, a stew prepared with chicken, onion, garlic, yellow peppers, cheese, and bread soaked in evaporated milk.

Dishes traditional to the Quepec and Andyo include carapulcra, a stew of meat, chuño, peanuts, peppers, garlic, and cloves, sometimes served with rice or cassava; olluquito, ulluco served with diced pieces of anticucho, skewered and grilled cubes of meat, commonly seen today as street food, and humita, masa stuffed with sweet or savory items and then boiled in a cornhusk.

Pecario is known internationally for its coffee.

Popular or emblematic desserts in Pecario include buñuelo, fritters covered in sugar and cinnamon and sometimes filled with cheese, jam, or syrup; quindim, a custard dessert made with shaved coconut, known for its bright yellow color; guava jelly, confections made from guava pulp and cane sugar; and Suspiro de lemoña, a dessert made of pannacotta or dulce de leche topped with meringue and flavored with vanilla, cinnamon, and port.

Coffee is widely considered to be the Pecarian national beverage, and is typically served with milk or cream and sugar. Hot chocolate, Chicha morada (a beverage prepared from purple corn), Chapo (a drink made from bananas or plantains, spiced with cinnamon and cloves), Guarapo (fresh sugarcane juice), and Cholado (a beverage made of shaved ice, condensed milk, and fruit juice or syrup) are also popular within the country. Certain domestic Pecarian soft drink brands, most famously Tuachec Kola and Pècha Kola, have managed to retain their prevalence within the Pecarian market in spite of fierce competition from international challengers.

The most popular type of alcoholic beverage in Pecario is beer. Pecario is also known for rum, particularly its light and amber rums. Other alcoholic beverages that are from or widely consumed in Pecario include chicha, an indigenous alcoholic beverage typically prepared using corn, [[Wikipedia:pisco|]], a local form of brandy and cachaça, a distilled spirit made from sugarcane juice.

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  Ají de gallina is considered a Pecarian comfort food.

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  Anticucho is a popular street food in Pecario.

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  Vatapá is typical of the country's islands.

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  Suspiro de lemoña served in a glass.

Language

Iverican is the most spoken official language in the country, according to the 2003 census; as it is spoken by two-thirds of the population. All legal and official documents issued by the State, including the Constitution, the main private and public institutions, the media, and commercial activities, are in Iverican. Although the first settlers were mostly of Stillian origin, after the signing of the Treaty of Gorgia, the arrival of many Iveric immigrants transformed the Pecarian language. Some regions have however strongly kept Stillian roots, mixing with Iverican and creating a unique dialect of Stillian Iverican. If we can talk of an Iverican language in Pecario, we can note that it is a great mixture of Native, Stillian and mainly Iverican roots.

In spite of the predominance of Iveric, many other languages are spoken within Pecario. The Quepec language is the largest indigenous language within the country, was the lingua franca of the Tuachec Empire, and remains the mother tongue in some majority-indigenous rural areas, though the exact number of speakers is unknown, estimates vary widely between sources. Quepec is typically divided into three dialects, of which Southern Quepec is the largest and most prominent. The Andyo language, while not as widespread as Quepec, also remains the mother tongue in some regions of the country. Quepec and Andyo have received some degree of recognition from the Pecarian government, education in Quepec and Andyo is permitted in those regions of the country where they are the primary language and public broadcasters are required to provide Quepec and Andyo subtitling for their broadcasts. Several smaller indigenous languages can also be found in Pecario, though few of these have any recognition or use beyond the confines of indigenous reservations.

Lysian is a language spoken extensively in the Costa Esmeralda region, especially in the center of San Luis. Originally brought by the Lysian settlers founding the colony of Côte d'Émeraude, the language experienced a revival during the 19th century, notably with the efforts of Amélie Dubois, an activitist from San Luis, who fought for the survival of the Lysian language. Furthermore, the arrival of numerous immigrants from Florentia, fleeing the economic crisis, at the beginning of the 20th century also contributed to strengthen the Lysian language in the region.

Several languages have also been brought to Pecario by immigrants, Mantellan and Per-Aten language. Communities speaking immigrant languages such as these persist in some rural areas and immigrant neighborhoods, but, generally speaking, the presence of these languages in Pecario has faded due to the assimilation of immigrant communities into mainstream Pecarian culture.

Theater and cinema

Universo Cinema is one of the oldest continuing film companies producing iconic films such as the pictured 1930s Noche en San Luis.

Theater in Pecario has its roots in the Tacolic missionary era, when performance was used as a tool for religious instruction. These early efforts focused on biblical stories and morality plays, performed in makeshift stages in mission villages. However, with the establishment of the Iveric Corrigimiento, Pecario experienced a cultural blossoming. By the early 18th century, secular theater gained traction, with playwrights blending indigenous narratives and colonial themes. This period also saw the emergence of Pecarian opera. The most celebrated example is "Los Ríos que Cantan", composed by Valerio Tomás in 1839, which explores the fusion of local myths and universal human struggles. Other notable figures include Dominga Altamirano, who revolutionized libretti by incorporating indigenous languages into her operas, and Rodolfo Cárdenas, a pioneer of grand romantic productions. The 19th century also gave rise to teatro campesino ("peasant theater"), where barn stages hosted vibrant dramatizations of folk tales and local legends. These plays often carried subtle critiques of colonial authority and celebrated Pecario’s diverse cultural heritage.

By the 20th century, Pecarian theater transitioned to modern forms, emphasizing musicals, social dramas, and political allegories. During the authoritarian Gòmez regime (1971–1999), theater became a subtle battleground for dissent. Works like "La Última Tormenta" (The Final Storm) and "Cenizas de la Libertad" (Ashes of Freedom) criticized government oppression under the guise of historical narratives. Despite heavy censorship, playwrights such as Eugenio Arrieta and María Constanza Villegas found ways to reflect the struggles of ordinary Pecarians. After the Jasmine Revolution, theater flourished again, with a new generation of playwrights like Jimena Huerta and Álvaro Lamas addressing themes of environmental justice, gender equity, and indigenous rights.

Cinema arrived in Pecario at the dawn of the 20th century, with the first public screening using a cinematograph in Villa Hermosa in 1902. The first Pecarian film, "El Rescate del Jaguar" (The Jaguar's Rescue), was produced in 1911, showcasing a story rooted in local folklore. Pecarian cinema truly found its footing between the 1930s and 1940s being remembered as the golden age of national film. Iconic movies such as "El Río Silencioso" (The Silent River) and "Viento Bajo las Alas" (Wind Beneath the Wings) gained international acclaim for their poetic storytelling and visual innovation. The Gòmez era saw heavy censorship, favoring propaganda films like "Corazón y Bandera" (Heart and Flag) and sanitized comedies such as "La Fiesta del Pueblo" (The People's Party). However, the Nuevo Cine Pecariano movement of the 1980s emerged in defiance. Directors like Rubén Yaraví and Elena Torrealba used metaphor and symbolism to critique the regime. Films such as "Sombras en el Río" (Shadows on the River) and "El Espiral Infinito" (The Infinite Spiral) are considered masterpieces of this era.

The collapse of the regime ushered in a cinematic renaissance. Modern Pecarian films, such as "Los Caminos de Sal" (Paths of Salt) by Ana Beltrán and "El Eco de las Montañas" (Echo of the Mountains) by Rodrigo Cruz, have gained acclaim for their focus on social justice and environmental themes. Directors like Lucía Narváez and Santiago Huamán continue to push the boundaries of storytelling, blending modern techniques with deeply rooted cultural narratives.

Sports

The most popular sport in Pecario is soccer. It is believed to have first arrived in the country in 1870, however, the sport did not begin to gain popularity in Pecario until the 1890s, with soccer teams rapidly proliferating during the 1900s and 1910s and a national team being officially organized in 1925. The country's governing body for soccer is the Pecarian Soccer Federation, which was founded in 1922 and manages both the country's national team and the Pecarian Pro League.

Basketball first arrived in Pecario in the 1920s. It gained popularity rapidly after the end of the war, particularly in Pecario's growing urban areas. The country's men's national team was organized in 1940, and its women's national team was formed in 1950. Aucuria's governing body for professional basketball is the Pecarian National Basketball Association, founded in 1951, which operates both the men's and women's domestic basketball leagues.

Like basketball, baseball arrived in Pecario in the 1920s. The Pecarian Baseball League was organized in 1937; its annual championship is the Pecarian Series.

Cyclists during the 2019 edition of the Tour of Pecario.

Cycling began to gain popularity in Pecario with the 1948 establishment of the Tour of Pecario, a multi-stage road race; the country is particularly famous for producing talented climbers and puncheurs as a result of its natural terrain. Pecarian cyclists first obtained widespread international recognition in the 1960s and 1970s with the accomplishments of Pepito Parrilla, Celio Casal and Román Pedroza. The country is also notable for its accomplishments in women's track cycling.

Competition climbing is a very popular sport in Pecario. Given its natural landscape, Pecarians have always enjoyed climbing. At the Eurth Olympic Games, the Pecarians are always on the podium. We can cite, famous Pecarian climber Lucio Falla who won a gold medal 4 times in a row at the Eurth Olympic Games in 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020.

Other sports with professional leagues or governing associations in Pecario include volleyball (Pecarian National Volleyball League}, tennis (Pecarian Tennis Federation), racquetball (Pecarian Confederation for Racquetball and Squash), and rugby league (Pecarian Rugby League Association). Track and field sports, weightlifting, winter sports (particularly skiing), martial arts (particularly boxing and taekwondo), sailing, and shooting all have some presence in Pecario. The country has also produced a handful of notable chess players, including Vicente Tierno and Martín Arjona. Chaza is a sport of indigenous origin in which two teams of four players hit a ball with their hands or a racket, scored similarly to tennis.

Holidays

Date	Anglish name	Pecarian name	Day off	Notes
January 1	New Year’s Day	Año Nuevo		Marks the first day of the Gregorian calendar year.
January 16	Independence Day	Independencia		Celebrates Pecario's declaration of independence from Iverica.
variable	Ash Wednesday	Miércoles de Ceniza		Marks the beginning of Lent.
February 25	Day of Discovery	Descubrimiento		Celebrates the arrival of Diego de Montega and Stillian conquistador in Pecario.
April 7	Liberty Day	Libertad		Celebrates the ratification of the Declaration of the Rights of the People.
variable	Good Friday	Santò		Commemorates the Crucifixion of Jesus.
variable	Easter	Pascua		Celebrates the Resurrection of Jesus.
May 1	Labor Day	Trabajo		Celebrates the international labor movement and the Pecarian working class.
first Sunday in May	Mother's Day	Amor Materno		Celebrates Pecarian mothers and motherhood.
variable	Pentecost	Espíritu Santo		Celebrates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles in Christianity.
first Sunday in June	Father's Day	Amor Paterno		Celebrates Pecarian fathers and fatherhood.
June 24	Saint Jonas's Festival	Fuego Sagrado		Celebrates the nativity of Saint John the Baptist and the summer solstice.
August 15	Assumption	Asunción		Celebrates the ascension of the Virgin Mary to Heaven.
August 17	Flag Day	Bandera		Commemorates the creation of the Pecarian flag.
last Monday in September	Remembrance Day	Kuyana Recuerdo		Commemorates all persons who died fighting for liberty in Pecario.
November 1	All Saints' Day	Santos Eternos		Commemorates all Tacolic saints, known or unknown.
December 25	Nativity	Navidad		Celebrates the Nativity of Jesus.
December 31	New Year's Eve	Pachakuti		The day preceding New Year's Day.