Cedrus orioni

Cedrus orioni
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pinophyta
Class:	Pinopsida
Order:	Pinales
Family:	Pinaceae
Genus:	Cedrus
Species:	C. orioni
Binomial name
Cedrus orioni A. Rich

Cedrus orioni, commonly known as the Orioni Cedar or Cedar of Orioni, is a coniferous tree native to the mountains of the Oriental region in Europa, especially in Orioni.

In Orioni it is most abundant at altitudes of 1,000-2,000 m, where it forms pure forests or mixed forests with Cilician Fir (Abies cilicica), Europan Black Pine (Pinus nigra), and several juniper (Juniperus) species. In southern Orioni, it occurs at 1.000-1.525 m (reaching the base of the Dayonisesi Mountains), and in the Altais Mountains at 1.300-2.200 m, in pure forests or mixed with firs, junipers, oaks, and maples.

The tree is an evergreen in the family Pinaceae, with a height of up to 40 m, and a conical (when young) to broadly tabular shape. The shoots are dimorphic, with long shoots and short shoots. The leaves are needle-like, spaced out on the long shoots, and in clusters of 15-45 on the short shoots; they are 5-30 mm in length, quadrangular in cross-section, and vary from green to glaucous blue-green with stomatal bands on all four sides.

The cones are produced often every second year, and mature in 12 months from pollination; mature cones in October are 8-11 cm long and 4-6 cm wide, resinous, and break up to release the winged seeds through the winter. The seeds are 15 mm long, 6 mm broad, with a triangular wing 20-25 mm long. First cone production typically begins when the tree is 20–40 years old.

History, symbolism, and uses

The importance of the Cedar of Orioni to the various civilisations is conveyed through its uses. The trees were used in ancient times by the Amari to build their trade and military ships, as well as their houses and temples. Other cultures used its resin for mummification, and its sawdust was found in the royal tombs. They also used to burn cedar in their ceremonies. Kings of neighbouring and distant countries asked for this wood to build their religious and civil constructs.

The Orioni Cedar has always been part of the national symbol of Orioni, and it is seen on the Flag of Orioni. As a result of past exploitation, in the 19th Century, very few old trees now remain in Orioni, but there is presently an active programme to conserve and regenerate the forests. Extensive replanting is taking place, with about 30,000 hectares (300 km²) of cedar are planted annually.

Orioni Cedar is very widely planted as an ornamental tree in parks and large gardens, often being planted in avenues and as focal point trees in large lawns. Cedrus orioni is the national emblem of Orioni and is widely used as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. Cedar plantations have also been established in Mekabiri for timber production.

Cedars are very popular ornamental trees, widely used in horticulture in temperate climates where winter temperatures do not fall below about -25 °C. They are also grown for their durable (decay-resistant) scented wood. Extensive reforestation of cedar is carried out in the Oriental region, particularly Orioni, where over 60 million young cedars are being planted annually.

Gallery

• 

  Foliage of the Cedar orioni.

• 

  Imperial Seal of Orioni, a stylised cedar branch.

• 

  Cedar wood is not only scented, but also has an attractive colour and grain.

• 

  Cedars at the base of the Dayonisesi Mountains.