Wars of the Four Kingdoms: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict         = Wars of the Four Kingdoms
| conflict = Wars of the Four Kingdoms
| partof            = the unification of [[Salvia]]
|image =
| width            =
|caption =
| image             =
| date = 1204-1261 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=1204|year2=1261}})
| image_size        = 300
| place = [[Salvia#Geography|Salvian peninsula]]
| caption           = {{nowrap|Clockwise, from top left:
| result = [[Kingdom of Lavitta]] secures victory over all other combatants
| date             = 3 January 1260 – 8 November 1261 <br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=01|day1=03|year1=1260|month2=11|day2=08|year2=1261|df=y}})
*
| place             =  
*
| result           = {{plainlist|
*Defeat of the [[Demetaen Republic]]
* '''Victory of French House of Valois and its allies'''
*Defeat of [[Alvernia|Alvernian Marenai]]
* • [[House of Valois]] retains the French throne; English and French monarchies remain separate
*Establishment of the [[Divine Imperium of Salvia]]
* • [[Agnatic primogeniture]] confirmed as the law of French royal succession
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Royal Standard of England (1603–1689).svg|size=22px}} English, Scottish and Irish [[Cavalier|Royalist]]s
* • [[House of Valois#Centralisation of power|Strengthening of the French monarchy]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Scottish Covenanter Flag.svg}} [[Scottish Covenanters]]<br>
* • [[House of Plantagenet]] is weakened, leading to the [[Wars of the Roses]]
| combatant3 = {{flagicon image|Green harp flag of Ireland.svg}} [[Confederate Ireland|Irish Confederates]]
* • Rise of [[nationalism|nationalistic identities]] in [[English nationalism|England]] and [[French nationalism|France]]
| combatant4 = {{flagicon image|Flag of The Commonwealth.svg}} [[Roundhead|Parliamentarian]]s
* • [[English claims to the French throne]] ''[[de facto]]'' abandoned
| commander1 = {{unbulleted list|[[Charles I of England|Charles I]] {{executed}} | [[Prince Rupert]], |
* • [[Chivalry#The end of chivalry|Decline of chivalry]]
[[Charles II of England|Charles II]], | [[James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose|Marquis of Montrose]] (in Scotland), | [[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde|Duke of Ormonde]] (in Ireland)}}
* • [[Feudalism#End of European feudalism|Decline of feudalism]]}}
| commander2 = {{unbulleted list |[[Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquis of Argyll|Marquis of Argyll]], | [[David Leslie (Scottish general)|David Leslie]], | [[Robert Monro]] (in Ireland)}}
| territory        = [[Kingdom of England|England]] permanently loses all of its previous continental possessions except for the [[Pale of Calais]].
| commander3 = {{unbulleted list |Confederate Supreme Council, |[[Owen Roe O'Neill]] (in Ulster), | [[Thomas Preston, 1st Viscount Tara|Thomas Preston]] (in Leinster), | [[Garret Barry (soldier)|Garret Barry]] (in Munster), | John Burke (in Connacht), | Edmund O'Dwyer (in Munster)}}
| combatant1       = {{plainlist}}
| commander4 = {{unbulleted list |[[Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex|Earl of Essex]], | [[Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester|Earl of Manchester]], | [[Thomas Fairfax]], | [[Oliver Cromwell]], | [[George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle|George Monck]] (in Scotland), | [[Michael Jones (soldier)|Michael Jones]] (in Ireland), | [[Henry Ireton]] (in Ireland)}}
* [[File:Arms of France (France Moderne).svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of France|France]] loyal to the [[House of Valois]]
| casualties1 = 50,000 English and Welsh
* [[File:Arms of the Duke of Burgundy since 1430.svg|20px]] [[Burgundian State]] (1337 to 1419 and 1435 to 1453)
| casualties2 = ?
* [[File:Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Scotland]]
| casualties3 = ?
* [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg|20px]] [[Crown of Castile]]
| casualties4 = 34,000
* [[File:Lombard League arms.svg|20px]] [[Republic of Genoa]]
| casualties5 = 127,000 noncombat English and Welsh deaths (including some 40,000 civilians)}}
* [[File:Coat of arms of the House of Luxembourg-Bohemia.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]
 
* [[File:Royal arms of Aragon.svg|20px]] [[Crown of Aragon]]
{{Salvia}}
* [[File:BlasonComtatVenaissin.svg|20px]] [[Avignon Papacy]]{{efn|Fought against England during [[Despenser's Crusade]].}}{{endplainlist}}
{{Eurth}}
| combatant2        = {{plainlist}}
* [[File:Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of France|France]] loyal to the [[House of Plantagenet]]
* [[File:Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of England]]
* [[File:Arms of the Duke of Burgundy since 1430.svg|20px]] [[Burgundian State]] (1419 to 1435)
* [[File:Brasão de armas do reino de Portugal (1385).svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
* [[File:Evolution Coat of Arms of Navarre-3.svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Navarre]]
* [[File:Blason ville be Gand %28Flandre-Orientale%29.svg|20px]] [[Ghent|Ghent Rebels]]{{efn|Fought with England during the [[Caroline War]].}}
* [[File:CoA Pontifical States 02.svg|20px]] [[Papal States]]{{efn|Fought with England during [[Despenser's Crusade]].}}{{endplainlist}}
| commander1        = {{plainlist}}
* [[File:Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg|20px]] [[Philip VI of France|Philip VI]] {{resize|86%|(1337–1350)}}
* [[File:Arms of the Kings of France (France Ancien).svg|20px]] [[John II of France|John II]] {{resize|86%|(1350–1364)}}
* [[File:Arms of France (France Moderne).svg|20px]] [[Charles V of France|Charles V]] {{resize|86%|(1364–1380)}}
* [[File:Arms of France (France Moderne).svg|20px]] [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]] {{resize|86%|(1380–1422)}}
* [[File:Arms of France (France Moderne).svg|20px]] [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]] {{resize|86%|(1422–1453)}}{{endplainlist}}
| commander2        = {{plainlist}}
* [[File:Royal Arms of England (1340-1367).svg|20px]] [[Edward III of England|Edward III]] {{resize|86%|(1337–1377)}}
* [[File:Royal Arms of England (1340-1367).svg|20px]] [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] {{resize|86%|(1377–1399)}}
* [[File:Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg|20px]] [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]] {{resize|86%|(1399–1413)}}
* [[File:Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg|20px]] [[Henry V of England|Henry V]] {{resize|86%|(1413–1422)}}
* [[File:Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg|20px]] [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] {{resize|86%|(1422–1453)}}{{endplainlist}}
| strength1        =
| strength2        =
| casualties1      =
| casualties2      =
}}

Latest revision as of 18:23, 23 January 2021

Wars of the Four Kingdoms
Date1204-1261 (57 years)
Location
Salvian peninsula
Result

Kingdom of Lavitta secures victory over all other combatants

Belligerents
English, Scottish and Irish Royalists Scottish Covenanters
 Irish Confederates Parliamentarians
Commanders and leaders
Casualties and losses
50,000 English and Welsh ? ? 34,000
127,000 noncombat English and Welsh deaths (including some 40,000 civilians)
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