Rhavanese language: Difference between revisions

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{{WIP}}
{{Region icon Eurth}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name             = Nhai
| name = Khotirava
| altname         = Rhavanese, Rhavan Speak
| altname = Rhavanese
| nativename       =
| nativename = Ghātikhaobák
| acceptance      =
| states = [[Rhava]]
| image            =
| ethnicity = [[Demographics of Rhava|Rhavanese]]
| imagesize        =
| pronunciation    = [ɣatikaːwbɑːk] (Ghatikhaobak)<br/>[kɔtirəwɑː] (Khotirava)
| imagealt        =
| speakers = 21,348,102
| imagecaption    =
| date = 2021
| pronunciation    =  
| ref =  
| states           =  
| speakers2 = Total speakers: 26,954,034
[[File:Rhavanese Flag.png|25px|frameless]] [[Rhava]]
| familycolor = Austroasiatic
| region          =
| ancestor = [[Proto-Khiewsiak]]
| creator          =
| ancestor2 = [[Old Rhavan]]
| created          =
| ancestor3 = [[Classical Rhavan]]
| setting          =
| script = [[Rha script]]<br/>[[Rha Braille]]
| ethnicity        = Rhavanese
| nation = {{RHA}}
| extinct          =
| agency = [[Rhavanese Culture Preservation Agency]]
| era              =
| dia1 = [[Kham Rha dialect|Kham]]
| speakers         = 30,000,000
| dia2 = [[Khnem Rha dialect|Khnem]]
| date             =
| dia3 = [[Bak Rha dialect|Bak]]
| dateprefix      =
| dia4 = [[Nam Rha dialect|Nam]]
| ref             =
| iso1 = rhav
| refname          =
| iso2 = rhav
| speakers2       =
| iso3 = rhav
| revived          =
| lc1 = kha
| revived-category =  
| ld1 = [[Kham Rha dialect|Kham]]
| familycolor     = huang
| lc2 = khn
| fam1            = Huang
| ld2 = [[Khnem Rha dialect|Khnem]]
| fam2            = Eastern
| lc3 = bak
| protoname        =
| ld3 = [[Bak Rha dialect|Bak]]
| ancestor         =
| lc4 = nam
| ancestor2       = <!-- up to ancestor8 -->
| ld4 = [[Nam Rha dialect|Nam]]
| standards        =
| glotto =  
| stand1          = Northern (standard script)
| glottorefname =  
| stand2          = <!-- up to stand6 -->
| lingua =  
| dialects        =
| map = ]
| listclass        =
| mapcaption =  
| dia1             = Northern
| notice = IPA
| dia2             = Central
| image =  
| dia3             = Southern
[[File:Khotirava3.png|150px]]
| dia4             = Traditional
| imagecaption =  
| dia5            = Formal
| script          =
| sign            =
| posteriori      =
| nation          = {{flag|Rhava}}
| minority        =
| agency          =
| development_body =
| iso1             =
| iso1comment      =
| iso2             =
| iso2b            =
| iso2t            =
| iso2comment      =
| iso3             =
| iso3comment      =
| lc1             =
| ld1             =
| lc2             = <!-- up to lc30 -->
| ld2             = <!-- up to ld30 -->
| iso6            =
| isoexception    =
| linglist        =
| lingname        =
| linglist2        = <!-- up to linglist6 -->
| lingname2        = <!-- up to lingname6 -->
| glotto           =
| glottoname      =
| glotto2          = <!-- up to glotto5 -->
| glottoname2      = <!-- up to glottoname5 -->
| aiatsis          =
| aiatsisname      =
| aiatsis2        = <!-- up to aiatsis6 -->
| aiatsisname2    = <!-- up to aiatsisname6 -->
| guthrie          =
| ELP              =
| ELPname          =
| ELP2            = <!-- up to ELP6 -->
| ELPname2        = <!-- up to ELPname6 -->
| glottopedia      =
| lingua           =
| lingua_ref      =
| ietf            =
| map             =
| mapsize          =
| mapalt          =
| mapcaption       =  
| map2            =
| mapalt2          =
| mapcaption2      =
| pushpin_map      =
| pushpin_image    =
| pushpin_map_alt  =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize  =
| pushpin_label          =
| pushpin_label_position  =
| coordinates      = <!-- use {{Coord}} -->
| module          =
| notice          =  
}}
}}


Nhai is the official language of [[Rhava]] and is a part of the [[Huang]] family tree. Nhai is separated into to writing scripts, ancient and standard. In modern day cities only standard is taught, but in rural areas ancient is taught.  
'''Rha''', or '''Khótirâvá''' alternatively referred to as '''Ghātikhaobák''', is an [[Alharu]]n native language of the Indonadisi family spoken by Rhavanese people in a number of dialects. It is one of a couple official languages in [[Rhava]].


==Rhavanese Letters==  
==Usage==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 90%"
 
|+ Common Rhavanese rimes {{ref|Notes|[Notes]}}
Rha and its dialects are the native languages of all provinces excluding the [[Nalinese Autonomous Region]], and the provinces of [[Nokornhai]], [[Amoujawat]], and [[Khiewmawthu]]. The Rhavanese diaspora overseas also uses Rha for signs, and restaurants. Rha study is mandatory in all schools, and the language is the lingua franca in the provinces to the south and east, where it is not the mother tongue.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
 
! Zero coda
==Writing System==
! colspan="2" | Off-glide coda
 
! colspan="3" | Nasal consonant coda
Rha after [[Salvia]]n colonization was written in the latin script, with different marks indicated how to pronounce vowels and some consonants. The Rha script however is still used in decorative, historical, and ceremonial use. The Rha script is an abugida system.
! colspan="3" | Stop consonant coda
 
|-
==Phonology==
! {{IPA|∅}} || {{IPA|/j/}} || {{IPA|/w/}} || {{IPA|/m/}} || {{IPA|/n/}} || {{IPA|/ŋ/}} || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|/k/}}
 
|-
==Sample Text==
! rowspan="14" style="width: 5px;" | Vowel nucleus
 
! {{IPA|/ă/}}
{{Eurth}}
| || ''ạy''<br>{{IPA|[ăj]}} || ''ạu''<br>{{IPA|[ăw]}} || ''ặm''<br>{{IPA|[ăm]}} || ''ặn''<br>{{IPA|[ăn]}} || ''ặng''<br>{{IPA|[ăŋ]}} || ''ặp''<br>{{IPA|[ăp]}} || ''ặt''<br>{{IPA|[ăt]}} || ''ặc''<br>{{IPA|[ăk]}}
[[Category:Rhava]]
|-
[[Category:Language (Eurth)]]
! {{IPA|/a/}}
| ''ạ'', ''(gi)à'', ''(gi)ả'', ''(gi)ã'', ''(gi)á''<br>{{IPA|[a]}} || ''ại''<br>{{IPA|[aj]}} || ''ạo''<br>{{IPA|[aw]}} || ''ạm''<br>{{IPA|[am]}} || ''ạn''<br>{{IPA|[an]}} || ''ạng''<br>{{IPA|[aŋ]}} || ''ạp''<br>{{IPA|[ap]}} || ''ạt''<br>{{IPA|[at]}} || ''ạc''<br>{{IPA|[ak]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ɛ/}}
| ''ẹ''<br>{{IPA|[ɛ]}} || || ''ẹo''<br>{{IPA|[ɛw]}} || ''ẹm''<br>{{IPA|[ɛm]}} || ''ẹn''<br>{{IPA|[ɛn]}} || ''ạnh''<br>{{IPA|[ăjŋ]}} || ''ẹp''<br>{{IPA|[ɛp]}} || ''ẹt''<br>{{IPA|[ɛt]}} || ''ạch''<br>{{IPA|[ăjk]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ɔ/}}
| ''ọ''<br>{{IPA|[ɔ]}} || ''ọi''<br>{{IPA|[ɔj]}} || || ''ọm''<br>{{IPA|[ɔm]}} || ''ọn''<br>{{IPA|[ɔn]}} || ''ọng''<br>{{IPA|[ăwŋ]}} || ''ọp''<br>{{IPA|[ɔp]}} || ''ọt''<br>{{IPA|[ɔt]}} || ''ọc''<br>{{IPA|[ăwk]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ə̆/}}
| || ''ậy''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆j]}} || ''ậu''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆w]}} || ''ậm''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆m]}} || ''ận''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆n]}} || ''ậng''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆ŋ]}} || ''ập''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆p]}} || ''ật''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆t]}} || ''ậc''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆k]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ə/}}
| ''ợ''<br>{{IPA|[ə]}} || ''ợi''<br>{{IPA|[əj]}} || || ''ợm''<br>{{IPA|[əm]}} || ''ợn''<br>{{IPA|[ən]}} || || ''ợp''<br>{{IPA|[əp]}} || ''ợt''<br>{{IPA|[ət]}} ||
|-
! {{IPA|/e/}}
| ''ệ''<br>{{IPA|[e]}} || || ''ệu''<br>{{IPA|[ew]}} || ''ệm''<br>{{IPA|[em]}} || ''ện''<br>{{IPA|[en]}} || ''ệnh''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆jŋ]}} || ''ệp''<br>{{IPA|[ep]}} || ''ệt''<br>{{IPA|[et]}} || ''ệch''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆jk]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/o/}}
| ''ộ''<br>{{IPA|[o]}} || ''ội''<br>{{IPA|[oj]}} || || ''ộm''<br>{{IPA|[om]}} || ''ộn''<br>{{IPA|[on]}} || ''ộng''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆wŋ]}} || ''ộp''<br>{{IPA|[op]}} || ''ột''<br>{{IPA|[ot]}} || ''ộc''<br>{{IPA|[ə̆wk]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/i/}}
| ''ị'', ''ỵ''<br>{{IPA|[i]}} || || ''ịu''<br>{{IPA|[iw]}} || ''ịm'', ''ỵm''<br>{{IPA|[im]}} || ''ịn''<br>{{IPA|[in]}} || ''ịnh''<br>{{IPA|[iŋ]}} || ''ịp'', ''ỵp''<br>{{IPA|[ip]}} || ''ịt''<br>{{IPA|[it]}} || ''ịch'', ''ỵch''<br>{{IPA|[ik]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ɨ/}}
| ''ự''<br>{{IPA|[ɨ]}} || ''ựi''<br>{{IPA|[ɨj]}} || ''ựu''<br>{{IPA|[ɨw]}} || || || ''ựng''<br>{{IPA|[ɨŋ]}} || || ''ựt''<br>{{IPA|[ɨt]}} || ''ực''<br>{{IPA|[ɨk]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/u/}}
| ''ụ''<br>{{IPA|[u]}} || ''ụi''<br>{{IPA|[uj]}} || || ''ụm''<br>{{IPA|[um]}} || ''ụn''<br>{{IPA|[un]}} || ''ụng''<br>{{IPA|[uŋ]}} || ''ụp''<br>{{IPA|[up]}} || ''ụt''<br>{{IPA|[ut]}} || ''ục''<br>{{IPA|[uk]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/iə/}}
| ''ịa'', ''(g)ịa'', ''ỵa''<br>{{IPA|[iə]}} || || ''iệu'', ''yệu''<br>{{IPA|[iəw]}} || ''iệm'', ''yệm''<br>{{IPA|[iəm]}} || ''iện'', ''yện ''<br>{{IPA|[iən]}} || ''iệng'', ''yệng''<br>{{IPA|[iəŋ]}} || ''iệp'', ''yệp''<br>{{IPA|[iəp]}} || ''iệt'', ''yệt''<br>{{IPA|[iət]}} || ''iệc''<br>{{IPA|[iək]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ɨə/}}
| ''ựa''<br>{{IPA|[ɨə]}} || ''ượi''<br>{{IPA|[ɨəj]}} || ''ượu''<br>{{IPA|[ɨəw]}} || ''ượm''<br>{{IPA|[ɨəm]}} || ''ượn''<br>{{IPA|[ɨən]}} || ''ượng''<br>{{IPA|[ɨəŋ]}} || ''ượp''<br>{{IPA|[ɨəp]}} || ''ượt''<br>{{IPA|[ɨət]}} || ''ược''<br>{{IPA|[ɨək]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/uə/}}
| ''ụa''<br>{{IPA|[uə]}} || ''uội''<br>{{IPA|[uəj]}} || || ''uộm''<br>{{IPA|[uəm]}} || ''uộn''<br>{{IPA|[uən]}} || ''uộng''<br>{{IPA|[uəŋ]}} || || ''uột''<br>{{IPA|[uət]}} || ''uộc''<br>{{IPA|[uək]}}
|-
! rowspan="8" | Labiovelar on-glide followed by vowel nucleus
! {{IPA|/ʷă/}}
| || ''oạy'', ''(q)uạy''<br>{{IPA|[ʷăj]}} || || ''oặm'', ''(q)uặm''<br>{{IPA|[ʷăm]}} || ''oặn'', ''(q)uặn''<br>{{IPA|[ʷăn]}} || ''oặng'', ''(q)uặng''<br>{{IPA|[ʷăŋ]}} || ''oặp'', ''(q)uặp''<br>{{IPA|[ʷăp]}} || ''oặt'', ''(q)uặt''<br>{{IPA|[ʷăt]}} || ''oặc'', ''(q)uặc''<br>{{IPA|[ʷăk]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ʷa/}}
| ''oạ'', ''(q)uạ''<br>{{IPA|[ʷa]}} || ''oại'', ''(q)uại''<br>{{IPA|[ʷaj]}} || ''oạo'', ''(q)uạo''<br>{{IPA|[ʷaw]}} || ''oạm'', ''(q)uạm''<br>{{IPA|[ʷam]}} || ''oạn'', ''(q)uạn''<br>{{IPA|[ʷan]}} || ''oạng'', ''(q)uạng ''<br>{{IPA|[ʷaŋ]}} || ''oạp'', ''(q)uạp''<br>{{IPA|[ʷap]}} || ''oạt'', ''(q)uạt''<br>{{IPA|[ʷat]}} || ''oạc'', ''(q)uạc''<br>{{IPA|[ʷak]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ʷɛ/}}
| ''oẹ'', ''(q)uẹ''<br>{{IPA|[ʷɛ]}} || || ''oẹo'', ''(q)uẹo''<br>{{IPA|[ʷɛw]}} || ''oẹm'', ''(q)uẹm''<br>{{IPA|[ʷɛm]}} || ''oẹn'', ''(q)uẹn''<br>{{IPA|[ʷɛn]}} || ''oạnh'', ''(q)uạnh''<br>{{IPA|[ʷăjŋ]}} || || ''oẹt'', ''(q)uẹt''<br>{{IPA|[ʷɛt]}} || ''oạch'', ''(q)uạch''<br>{{IPA|[ʷăjk]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ʷə̆/}}
| || ''uậy''<br>{{IPA|[ʷə̆j]}} || || || ''uận''<br>{{IPA|[ʷə̆n]}} || ''uậng''<br>{{IPA|[ʷə̆ŋ]}} || || ''uật''<br>{{IPA|[ʷə̆t]}} ||
|-
! {{IPA|/ʷə/}}
| ''uợ''<br>{{IPA|[ʷə]}} || || || || || || || ||
|-
! {{IPA|/ʷe/}}
| ''uệ''<br>{{IPA|[ʷe]}} || || ''uệu''<br>{{IPA|[ʷew]}} || || ''uện''<br>{{IPA|[ʷen]}} || ''uệnh''<br>{{IPA|[ʷə̆jŋ]}} || || ''uệt''<br>{{IPA|[ʷet]}} || ''uệch''<br>{{IPA|[ʷə̆jk]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ʷi/}}
| ''uỵ''<br>{{IPA|[ʷi]}} || || ''uỵu''<br>{{IPA|[ʷiw]}} || || ''uỵn''<br>{{IPA|[ʷin]}} || ''uỵnh''<br>{{IPA|[ʷiŋ]}} || ''uỵp''<br>{{IPA|[ʷip]}} || ''uỵt''<br>{{IPA|[ʷit]}} || ''uỵch''<br>{{IPA|[ʷik]}}
|-
! {{IPA|/ʷiə/}}
| ''uỵa''<br>{{IPA|[ʷiə]}} || || || || ''uyện''<br>{{IPA|[ʷiən]}} || || || ''uyệt''<br>{{IPA|[ʷiət]}} ||
|-
! colspan="2" | Tone
! colspan="6" | ''a'' {{IPA|/a/}}, ''à'' {{IPA|/â/}}, ''á'' {{IPA|/ǎ/}}, ''ả'' {{IPA|/a᷉/}}, ''ã'' {{IPA|/ǎˀ/}}, ''ạ'' {{IPA|/âˀ/}}
! colspan="3" | ''á'' {{IPA|/á/}}, ''ạ'' {{IPA|/à/}}
|}
{{refbegin}}
{{note|Notes| Notes:}}
* Less common rimes may not be represented in this table.
* The ''nặng'' tone mark (dot below) has been added to all rimes in this table for illustration purposes only. It indicates which letter tone marks in general are added to, largely according to the "new style" rules of Rhavanese orthography as stated in [[:vi:Quy tắc đặt dấu thanh trong chữ quốc ngữ#Ki.E1.BB.83u m.E1.BB.9Bi|Quy tắc đặt dấu thanh trong chữ quốc ngữ]]. In practice, not all these rimes have real words or syllables that have the ''nặng'' tone.
{{refend}}
==Rhavanese Phonetics==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Description
!Contour
! Diacritic
! Example
! Sample vowel
|-
| '''ngang''' &nbsp; 'level'
| mid level
|˧
| align="center" | <small>(no mark)</small>
| ''ma'' &nbsp;'ghost'
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi ngang tone.ogg|a}}
|-
| '''huyền''' &nbsp; 'deep'
| low falling (often breathy)
|˨˩
| align="center" | {{IPA|◌̀}} ([[grave accent]])
| ''mà'' &nbsp;'but'
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi huyen tone.ogg|à}}
|-
| '''sắc''' &nbsp; 'sharp'
| high rising
|˧˥
| align="center" | {{IPA|◌́}} ([[acute accent]])
| ''má'' &nbsp;'cheek, mother (southern)'
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi sac tone.ogg|á}}
|-
| '''hỏi''' &nbsp; 'questioning'
| mid dipping-rising
|˧˩˧
| align="center" | {{IPA|◌̉}} ([[hook above]])
| ''mả'' &nbsp;'tomb, grave'
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi hoi tone.ogg|ả}}
|-
| '''ngã''' &nbsp; 'tumbling'
| creaky high breaking-rising
|˧ˀ˦˥
| align="center" | {{IPA|◌̃}} ([[tilde]])
| ''mã'' &nbsp;'horse (Sino-Vietnamese), code'
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi nga tone.ogg|ã}}
|-
| '''nặng''' &nbsp; 'heavy'
| creaky low falling constricted (short length)
|˨˩ˀ
| align="center" | {{IPA|◌̣}} ([[dot (diacritic)|dot below]])
| ''mạ'' &nbsp;'rice seedling'
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi nang tone.ogg|ạ}}
|}

Latest revision as of 13:23, 19 September 2022

Khotirava
Rhavanese
Ghātikhaobák
Khotirava3.png
Pronunciation[ɣatikaːwbɑːk] (Ghatikhaobak)
[kɔtirəwɑː] (Khotirava)
Native toRhava
EthnicityRhavanese
Native speakers
21,348,102 (2021)
Total speakers: 26,954,034
Austroasiatic
  • Khotirava
Early forms
Dialects
Rha script
Rha Braille
Official status
Official language in
Template:RHA
Regulated byRhavanese Culture Preservation Agency
Language codes
ISO 639-1rhav
ISO 639-2rhav
ISO 639-3rhav – inclusive code
Individual codes:
kha – Kham
khn – Khnem
bak – Bak
nam – Nam
[[File:]|220px]]
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Rha, or Khótirâvá alternatively referred to as Ghātikhaobák, is an Alharun native language of the Indonadisi family spoken by Rhavanese people in a number of dialects. It is one of a couple official languages in Rhava.

Usage

Rha and its dialects are the native languages of all provinces excluding the Nalinese Autonomous Region, and the provinces of Nokornhai, Amoujawat, and Khiewmawthu. The Rhavanese diaspora overseas also uses Rha for signs, and restaurants. Rha study is mandatory in all schools, and the language is the lingua franca in the provinces to the south and east, where it is not the mother tongue.

Writing System

Rha after Salvian colonization was written in the latin script, with different marks indicated how to pronounce vowels and some consonants. The Rha script however is still used in decorative, historical, and ceremonial use. The Rha script is an abugida system.

Phonology

Sample Text

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