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{{Infobox country | {{Infobox country | ||
| micronation = <!--yes if a micronation--> | | micronation = <!--yes if a micronation--> | ||
| conventional_long_name = | | conventional_long_name = Commonwealth of Nayonland | ||
| native_name = | | native_name = Komonwelt ng Lupangnayon ({{wp|Filipino language|Tagabay}}) <br/ > Opicomúnidat dei Terranayon ([[Iverican language|Iverican]]) <br/ > Mancomunidad de Terranayon ({{wp|Spanish language|Stillian}}) | ||
| common_name = Nayonland | | common_name = Nayonland | ||
| status = <!--Status of country--> | | status = <!--Status of country--> | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
| largest_city = capital | | largest_city = capital | ||
| largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement--> | | largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement--> | ||
| official_languages = {{hlist|{{wp|Filipino language|Tagabay}}|{{wp|Philippine Spanish language|Stillian | | official_languages = {{hlist|{{wp|Filipino language|Tagabay}}|[[Iverican language|Iverican]]|{{wp|Philippine Spanish language|Stillian}}}} | ||
| national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc--> | | national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc--> | ||
| regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory--> | | regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory--> | ||
| Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
| 80% [[Demographics of Nayonland#Tagabay people|Tagabay]] | | 80% [[Demographics of Nayonland#Tagabay people|Tagabay]] | ||
| 13% [[White Nayongans|White]] {{efn|Includes | | 13% [[White Nayongans|White]] {{efn|Includes Kastilas, Ivericans, and Anglians}} | ||
| 7% other{{efn|Includes Fulgistani and others of Alharun descent}} | | 7% other {{efn|Includes Fulgistani and others of Alharun descent}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| ethnic_groups_year = <!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided)--> | | ethnic_groups_year = <!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided)--> | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
| religion_year = <!--Year of religion data (if provided)--> | | religion_year = <!--Year of religion data (if provided)--> | ||
| religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)--> | | religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)--> | ||
| demonym = Nayona (female), Nayono (male), Nayongan | | demonym = Nayona (female), Nayono (male), Nayongan | ||
| government_type = Responsible government | | government_type = Responsible government | ||
| leader_title1 = | | leader_title1 = Primo | ||
| leader_name1 = [[ | | leader_name1 = [[Franso Deitorr]] | ||
| leader_title2 = Governor-General | | leader_title2 = Governor-General | ||
| leader_name2 = [[Sulayman VII|Sultan Sulayman VII]] | | leader_name2 = [[Sulayman VII|Sultan Sulayman VII]] | ||
| Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
| leader_title14 = <!--(up to 14 distinct leaders may be included)--> | | leader_title14 = <!--(up to 14 distinct leaders may be included)--> | ||
| leader_name14 = | | leader_name14 = | ||
| legislature = [[ | | legislature = [[Batasang Pambansa]] | ||
| upper_house = [[Council of State (Nayonland)|Council of State]] | | upper_house = [[Council of State (Nayonland)|Council of State]] | ||
| lower_house = [[ | | lower_house = [[Kamarang Pambansa]] | ||
| sovereignty_type = | | sovereignty_type = Overseas Commonwealth Republic of [[Iverica]] | ||
| sovereignty_note = | | sovereignty_note = | ||
| established_event1 = Annexed by [[ | | established_event1 = Annexed by [[Iverica]] | ||
| established_date1 = | | established_date1 = April 12, 1987 | ||
| established_event2 = | | established_event2 = National Reconstruction Constitution | ||
| established_date2 = | | established_date2 = November 30, 1988 | ||
| established_event13 = <!--(up to 13 distinct events may be included)--> | | established_event13 = <!--(up to 13 distinct events may be included)--> | ||
| established_date13 = | | established_date13 = | ||
| Line 131: | Line 131: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nayonland''', officially the ''' | '''Nayonland''', officially the '''Commonwealth of Nayonland''', also known as '''Lupangnayon''' ({{wp|Filipino language|Tagabay}}), or '''Terranayon''' ([[Iverican language|Iverican]] and {{wp|Spanish language|Stillian}}), is an [[Iverica|Iverican]] overseas commonwealth republic in [[Alharu]]. The territory comprises Turtle Island, separated from the mainland continent by the Turtle Sea to the northwest and the Synthe Sea to the west. The capital city, [[Tondo]], was the second colonial settlement in the island founded in 1627 by [[Miguel de Legazpi]], the Stillian commander of the [[Armada de San Miguel]], during the [[Gran Viatge]]. They became the progenitors of the [[Kastila]] people. The first colony, [[Batagan]], predated Tondo in 1521, when it was founded by [[Great Anglia|Anglian]] explorer Sir Ferdinand Magline. | ||
The mountainous interior separated the two colonies, with Tondo in the western [[San Lazaro]] province and Batagan in the [[Eastern Shore]]. Its tallest peak, Mt. Bernardo Carpio, is located in the semi-arid [[Mountain Province]] south of San Lazaro. The settlement by Kastila and Iverican people drove the native [[Tagabay people]] away from the coast, relocating in the island's valleys, the largest being [[Marikina Valley]] in Eastern Shore. The Tagabay tribes from San Lazaro had to traverse the deadly [[Dunas de La Paz]] desert, covering nearly a quarter of Mountain Province, which has the developed to become the island's mining region, fueling Iverican industrialization in the 19th Century. The majority of the agricultural and industrial areas, dominated by the Anglian sugar and tobacco industries, span the coastal region. | The mountainous interior separated the two colonies, with Tondo in the western [[San Lazaro]] province and Batagan in the [[Eastern Shore]]. Its tallest peak, Mt. Bernardo Carpio, is located in the semi-arid [[Mountain Province]] south of San Lazaro. The settlement by Kastila and Iverican people drove the native [[Tagabay people]] away from the coast, relocating in the island's valleys, the largest being [[Marikina Valley]] in Eastern Shore. The Tagabay tribes from San Lazaro had to traverse the deadly [[Dunas de La Paz]] desert, covering nearly a quarter of Mountain Province, which has the developed to become the island's mining region, fueling Iverican industrialization in the 19th Century. The majority of the agricultural and industrial areas, dominated by the Anglian sugar and tobacco industries, span the coastal region. | ||
In the [[Iverican-Anglian War]], the combined territories of northern Turtle Island | In the [[Iverican-Anglian War]], the combined territories of northern Turtle Island were leased to the [[Compañía Ivericana de Alharu Ecuatorial]]. Its rule was authoritarian, controlling prices, regulating immigration, and monopolizing trade. The company started buying and expanding large sugar and tobacco plantations near the coast. To escape CIAE rule, the Anglians in the east started the [[Grand March]], a mass migration inland and claimed arable lands in the deeper valleys of Eastern Shore. The discovery of gold in Mountain Province created a rush, attracting Iverican, Kastila, and Anglian settlers to the center of the island. Violent Tagabay resistance to the rushers escalated into the 4-year Boondok Rebellion, starting in 1896 and ending in 1900. In 1901, the island was annexed by the Iverican government under the colony "Equatorial Alharu." | ||
In 1916, the colony was granted autonomy. [[Andrés Soriano Sr.]], a Kastila mining mogul, become the first elected Nayongan | In 1916, the colony was granted autonomy. The new [[Batansan Pambansa#General Assembly|General Assembly]] was comprised of the members of the Anglian colonial [[Batasan Pambansa#Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] and the Iverican counterpart [[Batasan Pambansa#Colonial Chamber|Colonial Chamber]]. [[Andrés Soriano Sr.]], a Kastila mining mogul, become the first elected Nayongan prime minister. Suffrage was limited to the male, wealthy, and educated [[principalía]] (Kastila and Tagabay elite), Iverican, and Anglian residents, excluding much of the native Tagabays. A series of Tagabay-led plantation and mine revolts in the early 1920s encouraged the Kastila, Iverican, and Anglian communities to adopt segregationist rules in an attempt to control the violence. In 1934, a new constitution allowed greater Tagabay representation, granting power to the emerging native middle classes. It reserved the [[Council of State (Nayonland)|Council of State]], the new upper house in a bicameral [[Nayongan National Chamber|National Chamber]], to majority Tagabay and Alharun membership. It enabled the election of [[Datu Manuel Koe-sun]], a Nayongan-Fulgistani noble, leader of the [[Progresista Party]]. It was the largest opposition party from 1935 to 1946, when it was dissolved due to intense infighting. The pro-colony Principalía, Iverican, and Anglian factions founded the [[Unión Republicano Patriótica]] (URP). The nationalist Tagabay faction joined the [[Katipunan ng Manggagawag Katagabayon]] (KMK). | ||
The country experienced great economic growth in the 1950s. The expansion of social services, especially healthcare and education, increased living standards and literacy. Existing roads and rails were expanded to connect the growing number of industrial and mining towns. This prompted the prosperous Kastila and Anglian upper and middle classes to expand cities, build suburbs in extended city limits, and buy up real estate in the surrounding countryside. This often involved the forced displacement of Tagabays, who | The country experienced great economic growth in the 1950s. The expansion of social services, especially healthcare and education, increased living standards and literacy. Existing roads and rails were expanded to connect the growing number of industrial and mining towns. This prompted the prosperous Kastila and Anglian upper and middle classes to expand cities, build suburbs in extended city limits, and buy up real estate in the surrounding countryside. This often involved the forced displacement of Tagabays, who were already pushed out to live in the peripherals of the historical urban centers they once called their home. Many of them could not afford to buy property, which led to the proliferation of shantytowns infamously known as "boondoks." Although segregation was not enshrined in law, it has become commonplace in all sectors of society. Its institutionalization has been supported by the [[Nacionalista Party]], the colony's ruling party since 1949. They are mostly made up of Kastila principalía. | ||
Student riots in the early 1960s demanded the end of minority rule and segregation. This prompted the Nacionalistas to start power-sharing negotiations with the [[ | Student riots in the early 1960s demanded the end of minority rule and segregation. This prompted the Nacionalistas to start power-sharing negotiations with the [[Council of Cabezas de Barangay]], the governing body of all Tagabay tribes. This later included the KMK. A constitutional conference was proposed to compile the agreed provisions, but the Iverican government insisted on a constitutional convention that represents everyone in Nayonland. The disagreements between the Iverican and Nacionalista governments created a deadlock, causing the civil unrest to continue. Six, consecutive Nacionalista governments collapsed, none lasting the Legislative Assembly's five-year term. In 1974, [[Biel Suances|Governor-General Biel Deitorr y Suances]] appointed [[Cesar Virata|Gat Cesar Virata]] to lead a coalition government of pro-convention Nacionalista defectors, the KMK, and the URP. They scheduled the elections for the 1976 constitutional convention. It was marred by violence, vote-buying, and the assassination of Deitorr. The convention elections were suspended indefinitely. In 1979, the Nacionalistas returned to power under Elia Field. | ||
To restore public order, Governor-General | To restore public order, [[Felix Latorre|Governor-General Felix Abello y Latorre]] proclaimed martial law at the request of the new government. Field directed the [[Guardia Civil (Nayonland)|Guardia Civil]] to arrest anti-government activist leaders, KMK politicians, and journalists designated as dangerous subversives by her [[Anti-Terrorism Council]]. In 1981, the National Renewal Scheme was introduced. Its aims included the removal of boondok settlements and the forced relocation of Tagabay squatters. It was met with mass protests. The brutal quelling by the Guardia Civil led to more than 1,500 people dead. In the Battle of Cementerio del Norte, 100 squatter residents and 20 Guardia Civil officers were killed in the clearing operations. In total, 600,000 squatters were relocated. | ||
In 1984, the | In 1984, the Iverican parliament passed the Nayonland Independence Act. A transition period of 10 years was going to occur before independence to allow more time for the Iverican and colonial governments to prepare Nayonland's economy. It scheduled elections in 1985 for a constitutional convention the following year. It was the first Nayongan election held with full suffrage. The new constitution introduced majority rule, the prohibition of racial segregation, and a proportional representation system in the legislature. In 1987, the constitution was approved by 64% in a national referendum. It never came into force due to the Terranayano Declaration of Independence. In the same year, the Republican Armed Service regained control of the island. Field and her cohorts were executed. The 1934 Constitution was restored until the formation of the [[Junta of National Reconstruction]], which finally established majority rule in Nayonland in 1988. It provided an indefinite transitional period for future independence. | ||
Martial law | Martial law returned between 1992 and 1994 in response to several coup plots. Public criticism of the government was criminalized. More than 1,200 activists were jailed until general amnesty was granted by [[Franso Ramos]]. Their poor human rights record and disappointing economic growth has kept the country as a {{wp|Newly industrialized country|newly industrialized economy}} since 1996, slowly transitioning from its agriculture-based economy to a service-manufactured-based one. Its location in the Equator, between the Fulgiotan Plate and the Adisian Plate, has made the country prone to earthquakes and typhoons. As a temporary solution to growing unemployment, the Terranayano government incentivized [[Overseas Tagabay Worker|Overseas Tagabay Workers]] (OTW), negotiating with foreign governments to deploy skilled workers, and improving technical vocation education, marketing Terranayon as a "human-resource rich" country. The country experienced rapid brain drain and the Tagabay population shrunk from 80% in 1989 to 75% in 2005. There are nearly 1.2 million OTWs around the world. Much of its varied natural resources are left untapped, helping to preserve its globally-significant level of diversity. | ||
== Etymology == | |||
Nayonland is an exonym invented by [[Great Anglia]]. [[Iverica|Ivericans]] and Kastilas use the name "Terranayano" to refer to the island. The name came from the Tagabay "Nayon", which is an archaic word for "village". It is speculated that either Iverican or the Anglian explorers misheard the natives during the first contact. Perhaps, when they answered questions about the island's name. The use of the Anglian name became more popular than the Stillian name due to the proliferation of Anglish literature covering pre-colonial Nayongan history, economy, and other topics related to Nayonland. | |||
== Politics == | |||
Nayonland uses a semi-presidential hybrid. At the head of it is a council of ministers called the [[Praesidium (Nayonland)|Praesidium]]. It is inspired by the Iverican model. The head of state is the [[Government_of_Iverica#Primo|Primo of Iverica]], represented in the island by a governor-general appointed by the Primo and approved by the [[Government_of_Iverica#National_Chamber|Iverican National Chamber]]. Legislative power belongs to the Batasang Pambansa, the "highest organ of the state power duly granted by the Republic of Iverica." | |||
The prime minister, as chair of the Praesidium, is the head of government. It is elected by the Kamarang Pambansa from the majority party or coalition. Other ministers and members of the Praesidium are nominated by the Prime Minister. Ministerial nominations need the approval of the Batasan. By law, it requires the 2/3 of the Praesidium to be concurrent members of the Batasan. Similar to the Anglian system, it adopted parliamentary supremacy. As such, there is no separation between the executive, legislative, and judiciary branches. The Batasan is the "highest organ of the Commonwealth." The highest court of appeal is the Judicial Committee of the [[Council of State (Nayonland)]], the upper house of the Batasan. | |||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
Latest revision as of 12:18, 27 November 2024
Commonwealth of Nayonland | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 National Emblem
| |
| Motto: "Makatao at Makabansa" (Tagabay) "Por Gente y Pais" (Stillian) "For the People and the Nation" (Anglish) | |
| Anthem: Marcha Nayona (Nayongan March)  | |
| Capital and largest city | Tondo |
| Official languages | |
| Ethnic groups | |
| Demonym(s) | Nayona (female), Nayono (male), Nayongan |
| Government | Responsible government |
• Primo | Franso Deitorr |
• Governor-General | Sultan Sulayman VII |
• Prime Minister | Sarah Labuh |
| Legislature | Batasang Pambansa |
| Council of State | |
| Kamarang Pambansa | |
| Overseas Commonwealth Republic of Iverica | |
• Annexed by Iverica | April 12, 1987 |
• National Reconstruction Constitution | November 30, 1988 |
| Area | |
• | 841,638 km2 (324,958 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Census | 14,904,421 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $104.538 billion ($4,130) |
| Gini |  59.1high |
| HDI |  0.610medium |
| Currency | Nayongan Velle |
Nayonland, officially the Commonwealth of Nayonland, also known as Lupangnayon (Tagabay), or Terranayon (Iverican and Stillian), is an Iverican overseas commonwealth republic in Alharu. The territory comprises Turtle Island, separated from the mainland continent by the Turtle Sea to the northwest and the Synthe Sea to the west. The capital city, Tondo, was the second colonial settlement in the island founded in 1627 by Miguel de Legazpi, the Stillian commander of the Armada de San Miguel, during the Gran Viatge. They became the progenitors of the Kastila people. The first colony, Batagan, predated Tondo in 1521, when it was founded by Anglian explorer Sir Ferdinand Magline.
The mountainous interior separated the two colonies, with Tondo in the western San Lazaro province and Batagan in the Eastern Shore. Its tallest peak, Mt. Bernardo Carpio, is located in the semi-arid Mountain Province south of San Lazaro. The settlement by Kastila and Iverican people drove the native Tagabay people away from the coast, relocating in the island's valleys, the largest being Marikina Valley in Eastern Shore. The Tagabay tribes from San Lazaro had to traverse the deadly Dunas de La Paz desert, covering nearly a quarter of Mountain Province, which has the developed to become the island's mining region, fueling Iverican industrialization in the 19th Century. The majority of the agricultural and industrial areas, dominated by the Anglian sugar and tobacco industries, span the coastal region.
In the Iverican-Anglian War, the combined territories of northern Turtle Island were leased to the Compañía Ivericana de Alharu Ecuatorial. Its rule was authoritarian, controlling prices, regulating immigration, and monopolizing trade. The company started buying and expanding large sugar and tobacco plantations near the coast. To escape CIAE rule, the Anglians in the east started the Grand March, a mass migration inland and claimed arable lands in the deeper valleys of Eastern Shore. The discovery of gold in Mountain Province created a rush, attracting Iverican, Kastila, and Anglian settlers to the center of the island. Violent Tagabay resistance to the rushers escalated into the 4-year Boondok Rebellion, starting in 1896 and ending in 1900. In 1901, the island was annexed by the Iverican government under the colony "Equatorial Alharu."
In 1916, the colony was granted autonomy. The new General Assembly was comprised of the members of the Anglian colonial Legislative Council and the Iverican counterpart Colonial Chamber. Andrés Soriano Sr., a Kastila mining mogul, become the first elected Nayongan prime minister. Suffrage was limited to the male, wealthy, and educated principalía (Kastila and Tagabay elite), Iverican, and Anglian residents, excluding much of the native Tagabays. A series of Tagabay-led plantation and mine revolts in the early 1920s encouraged the Kastila, Iverican, and Anglian communities to adopt segregationist rules in an attempt to control the violence. In 1934, a new constitution allowed greater Tagabay representation, granting power to the emerging native middle classes. It reserved the Council of State, the new upper house in a bicameral National Chamber, to majority Tagabay and Alharun membership. It enabled the election of Datu Manuel Koe-sun, a Nayongan-Fulgistani noble, leader of the Progresista Party. It was the largest opposition party from 1935 to 1946, when it was dissolved due to intense infighting. The pro-colony Principalía, Iverican, and Anglian factions founded the Unión Republicano Patriótica (URP). The nationalist Tagabay faction joined the Katipunan ng Manggagawag Katagabayon (KMK).
The country experienced great economic growth in the 1950s. The expansion of social services, especially healthcare and education, increased living standards and literacy. Existing roads and rails were expanded to connect the growing number of industrial and mining towns. This prompted the prosperous Kastila and Anglian upper and middle classes to expand cities, build suburbs in extended city limits, and buy up real estate in the surrounding countryside. This often involved the forced displacement of Tagabays, who were already pushed out to live in the peripherals of the historical urban centers they once called their home. Many of them could not afford to buy property, which led to the proliferation of shantytowns infamously known as "boondoks." Although segregation was not enshrined in law, it has become commonplace in all sectors of society. Its institutionalization has been supported by the Nacionalista Party, the colony's ruling party since 1949. They are mostly made up of Kastila principalía.
Student riots in the early 1960s demanded the end of minority rule and segregation. This prompted the Nacionalistas to start power-sharing negotiations with the Council of Cabezas de Barangay, the governing body of all Tagabay tribes. This later included the KMK. A constitutional conference was proposed to compile the agreed provisions, but the Iverican government insisted on a constitutional convention that represents everyone in Nayonland. The disagreements between the Iverican and Nacionalista governments created a deadlock, causing the civil unrest to continue. Six, consecutive Nacionalista governments collapsed, none lasting the Legislative Assembly's five-year term. In 1974, Governor-General Biel Deitorr y Suances appointed Gat Cesar Virata to lead a coalition government of pro-convention Nacionalista defectors, the KMK, and the URP. They scheduled the elections for the 1976 constitutional convention. It was marred by violence, vote-buying, and the assassination of Deitorr. The convention elections were suspended indefinitely. In 1979, the Nacionalistas returned to power under Elia Field.
To restore public order, Governor-General Felix Abello y Latorre proclaimed martial law at the request of the new government. Field directed the Guardia Civil to arrest anti-government activist leaders, KMK politicians, and journalists designated as dangerous subversives by her Anti-Terrorism Council. In 1981, the National Renewal Scheme was introduced. Its aims included the removal of boondok settlements and the forced relocation of Tagabay squatters. It was met with mass protests. The brutal quelling by the Guardia Civil led to more than 1,500 people dead. In the Battle of Cementerio del Norte, 100 squatter residents and 20 Guardia Civil officers were killed in the clearing operations. In total, 600,000 squatters were relocated.
In 1984, the Iverican parliament passed the Nayonland Independence Act. A transition period of 10 years was going to occur before independence to allow more time for the Iverican and colonial governments to prepare Nayonland's economy. It scheduled elections in 1985 for a constitutional convention the following year. It was the first Nayongan election held with full suffrage. The new constitution introduced majority rule, the prohibition of racial segregation, and a proportional representation system in the legislature. In 1987, the constitution was approved by 64% in a national referendum. It never came into force due to the Terranayano Declaration of Independence. In the same year, the Republican Armed Service regained control of the island. Field and her cohorts were executed. The 1934 Constitution was restored until the formation of the Junta of National Reconstruction, which finally established majority rule in Nayonland in 1988. It provided an indefinite transitional period for future independence.
Martial law returned between 1992 and 1994 in response to several coup plots. Public criticism of the government was criminalized. More than 1,200 activists were jailed until general amnesty was granted by Franso Ramos. Their poor human rights record and disappointing economic growth has kept the country as a newly industrialized economy since 1996, slowly transitioning from its agriculture-based economy to a service-manufactured-based one. Its location in the Equator, between the Fulgiotan Plate and the Adisian Plate, has made the country prone to earthquakes and typhoons. As a temporary solution to growing unemployment, the Terranayano government incentivized Overseas Tagabay Workers (OTW), negotiating with foreign governments to deploy skilled workers, and improving technical vocation education, marketing Terranayon as a "human-resource rich" country. The country experienced rapid brain drain and the Tagabay population shrunk from 80% in 1989 to 75% in 2005. There are nearly 1.2 million OTWs around the world. Much of its varied natural resources are left untapped, helping to preserve its globally-significant level of diversity.
Etymology
Nayonland is an exonym invented by Great Anglia. Ivericans and Kastilas use the name "Terranayano" to refer to the island. The name came from the Tagabay "Nayon", which is an archaic word for "village". It is speculated that either Iverican or the Anglian explorers misheard the natives during the first contact. Perhaps, when they answered questions about the island's name. The use of the Anglian name became more popular than the Stillian name due to the proliferation of Anglish literature covering pre-colonial Nayongan history, economy, and other topics related to Nayonland.
Politics
Nayonland uses a semi-presidential hybrid. At the head of it is a council of ministers called the Praesidium. It is inspired by the Iverican model. The head of state is the Primo of Iverica, represented in the island by a governor-general appointed by the Primo and approved by the Iverican National Chamber. Legislative power belongs to the Batasang Pambansa, the "highest organ of the state power duly granted by the Republic of Iverica."
The prime minister, as chair of the Praesidium, is the head of government. It is elected by the Kamarang Pambansa from the majority party or coalition. Other ministers and members of the Praesidium are nominated by the Prime Minister. Ministerial nominations need the approval of the Batasan. By law, it requires the 2/3 of the Praesidium to be concurrent members of the Batasan. Similar to the Anglian system, it adopted parliamentary supremacy. As such, there is no separation between the executive, legislative, and judiciary branches. The Batasan is the "highest organ of the Commonwealth." The highest court of appeal is the Judicial Committee of the Council of State (Nayonland), the upper house of the Batasan.
