Katsuha

Katsuha 活画
Example of a typical katsuha poster for the katsuha series Supersonic Speed
Alternative name
Esonian	エソマショー
Fragranised	Esomashō
Anglish	Esomation
Other
Origin	Esonice
No. of studios	187
No. of companies	112

Katsuha (Esonian: 活画, IPA: kaꜜtsuɣa) refers to any hand-drawn and computer generated animation originating from Esonice.

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Names and terminology

The word katsuha was coined by the animator and manha artist Giichi Hirumura in 1956 at the Okado Animators Convention of 1956, combining the character 活 (katsu) with character 画 (ha) suffixed onto it. 活 means that something is alive or lively while 画 is used as a suffix to refer to genres or styles of painting, in essence referring to animation being something like "living pictures". The term quickly gained popularity among the emerging animation circles of Esonice, later gaining national popularity among the general public in the late 60s and early 70s, supplanting the old word referring to domestic animated works esomashō (Esonian: エソマショー), esomation, a portmanteau of Esonice and animation, ultimately deriving from Iverican Esomació.

Katsuha and esomation are synonymous as they both refer to Esonian-made animated works, however there are some differences. while esomation and katsuha both refer to Esonian animation, esomation is used to mean Esonian animation in general while katsuha has increasingly became associated with the characteristics, style and themes of Esonian animated media. Esomation is also now a rarely used term within Esonice, the term also beginning to be supplanted internationally with katsuha being used instead to refer to Esonian animated media.

History

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Precursors

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Pioneer era

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Era of recognition

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Current era

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Characteristics

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Industry

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Cultural impact

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Inside Esonice

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Maiman katsuha

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Motoharan katsuha

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Yedoite katsuha

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Outside Esonice

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Florentia

My Little Pelican, a katsuha inspired Florentian propaganda show for kids

Despite Esonice's and Florentia's long-held adversarial relationship, Florentia was one of the first few countries to have significant katsuha influence before the 2000s in part due to having a large ethnic Esonian population on mainland Florentia and holding the disputed territory of Sademi-Mihura. Florentian Esonians frequently snuck in Esonian media and literature into the at the time isolationist country from films, books, music manha and katsuha. This quickly created a black market for Esonian goods that grown not only to be used by Esonian communities, but also among Florentians. As a lot of Esonian cultural practices were prohibited in Florentia such as the use of Esonian writing, including fears of Esonian cultural influence Florentian authorities began cracking down on the illegal distribution of Esonian goods. Despite the crackdowns the popularity of Esonian media grew especially among the younger demographics, further contributed to by the advent of the internet and creation of internet forums such as Waifus which made further crackdowns much harder for Florentian authorities.

After the the fall of the previous regime and the ascension of Hugo Lysandre Dellague as president with his socialist and progressive based reforms in 2023, laws around Esonian cultural expression and influence began changing as a wave of orientalism! swept through the elite class. This change of attitude towards Esonian culture also included Esonian media, especially katsuha and manha. Crackdowns on Esonian goods began to lessen as the Florentian government began wanting to appeal to the minority groups within the country, especially Esonians and Casharis. However, fears surrounding Esonian cultural influence persisted and continue to persist today within the Florentian elite, including newfound fears of capitalist and potential reactionary ideas spreading from Esonice. This fear manifested in the Florentian government using propagandists to create a state-owned domestic "manha" and "katsuha" industry to appeal to younger people in Florentia and combat Esonian cultural influence. Since 2023 some manha-inspired comics have been developed by propagandists, including a katsuha-inspired children's propaganda series called My Little Pelican created by the Florentian Ministry of Education.

Seylos

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Iverica

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Criticisms

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Notable works

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Green, Fully dubbed and widely internationally available. Yellow, Subtitled only/limited to select few countries. Red, Only available in Esonice.

Image	Title			Genre(s)	Target dem.	Original run	No. of episodes & seasons	Studio	Synopsis
	Chōimzoku	超音速	Supersonic Speed	Sci-fi; Racing; Extreme sports; Action	12-18 (teens)	July 21, 2001 - July 25 2013	308 episodes & 11 seasons, 28 per season	Studio Kaos	WIP
	Saibārekutorikku	サイバーレクトリック	Cyberletric	Music; Adventure; Comedy	12-18 (teens)	May 13, 2017 - Ongoing	Ongoing	WIP	Based on a mangha of a similar name, Cyberletric follows ---
	Tomoma Tuikātsu	友魔対決	Tomoma Showdown	Adventure; Comedy; Fantasy; Action	6-14 (Kids)	November 17, 2006 - November 24, 2016	WIP	WIP	WIP