Walnerian language

Walnerian
Rausberian
Rósbériss - Rósberissŕ Sproch
Walnerian villagers in northern Walneria, circa 1910
Pronunciation	/rɔːsbɛːriʃ/
Native to	Walneria
Ethnicity	Walnerians
Native speakers	L1: 11,450,000 L2: 812,000 FL: 581,000
Language family	Indo-European Dolchic West Dolchic High Dolch Walnerian
Dialects	Central Tyrámeniss Bitreliss Ósburkŕ Méraniss Kólínŕ Nortŕiss
Writing system	Latin alphabet
Official status
Official language in	Walneria
Language codes
ISO 639-1	WN
ISO 639-2	WLN
ISO 639-3	WLN

The Walnerian language (Walnerian: Rósbériss) is a Dolchic language spoken in Walneria.

History

See also: Entenian Wars

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Zusamëlfasunk

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Linguistic purism

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Slavic influence

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Present day

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Phonology and orthography

Orthography

Main article: Walnerian orthography

The Walnerian language uses a combination of digraph (Cs, Ch, Ss) and diacritic (Á, É, Ë, Í, Ó, Ŕ, Ú) modifications of the Latin alphabet. It developed out of the digraph orthography used by the Early New High Dolch, introducing diacritics for vowels (and letter Ŕ, which developed from the -ER- stem).

A a	Á á	B b	C c	Cs cs	D d	E e	É é	Ë ë	F f
G g	H h	Ch ch	I i	Í í	J j	K k	L l	M m	N n
O o	Ó ó	P p	Q q	R r	Ŕ ŕ	S s	Ss ss	T t	U u
Ú ú	V v	W w	X x	Y y	Z z

Order	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36
Majuscule	A	Á	B	C	Cs	D	E	É	Ë	F	G	H	Ch	I	Í	J	K	L	M	N	O	Ó	P	Q	R	Ŕ	S	Ss	T	U	Ú	V	W	X	Y	Z
Minuscule	a	á	b	c	cs	d	e	é	ë	f	g	h	ch	i	í	j	k	l	m	n	o	ó	p	q	r	ŕ	s	ss	t	u	ú	v	w	x	y	z
IPA Sound	a ɑ	aː ɑː	b	t͡s	t͡ʃ t͡ɕ	d	ɛ e	ɛː eː	ə ◌̩	f	ɡ	h ɦ	x	i ɪ	iː ɪː	j	k	l	m	n	ɔ o	ɔː oː	p	k͡v	r	ʁ̩ ə	s	ʃ ɕ	t	u	uː	v	w ɰ	k͡s	y yː	z

Phonology

Place Manner	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postal-veolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥ (m)	m (m)							n̥ (n)	n (n)								ŋ (nk)
Plosive									t (t)	d (d)			ʈ (t)	ɖ (d)			k (k)	g (g)
Sibilant affricate									t͡s (c)	d͡z (dz)	t͡ʃ (cs)	d͡ʒ (dzj)
Sibilant fricative									s (s)	z (z)	ʃ (ss)	ʒ (zj)
Non-sibilant fricative			f (f)	v (v)												ʝ (j)	x (ch)	ɣ (ch)		ʁ (ŕ)			h (h)	ɦ (h)
Approximant										ɹ (ŕ)						j (j)		ɰ (w)
Tap/Flap										ɾ (r)
Trill									r̥ (r)	r (r)									ʀ̥ (r)	ʀ (r)
Latelar approximant									l̥ (l)	l (l)

Tongue position	Front		Near-front		Central		Near-back		Back
Close	i (i)	y (y)			ɨ (y)					u (u)
Near-close			ɪ (i)
Close-mid	e (e)									o (o)
Mid					ə (ë)
Open-mid	ɛ (e)								ʌ (o)	ɔ (o)
Near-open	æ (e)				ɐ (ŕ)
Open	a (a)				ä (a)				ɑ (a)	ɒ (a)
Long vowels	aː (á) ~ ɛː (é) ~ eː (é) ~ iː (í) ~ ɪː (í) ~ oː (ó) ~ ɔː (ó) ~ uː (ú) ~ yː (y)

Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation

Changes in phonology

Walnerian, being Dolchic, as a direct descendant of Early New High Dolch, uses mostly a Dolch phonology, but due to the national integration, it took notable parts from the Slavic phonology. Notable phonetical shifts include:

• Ä (/æː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
• Ö (/œː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
• Ü (/y/) → Y (/yː ~ ɨː/)
• ER (/əˑʀ/) → Ŕ (/ʁ̩ ~ ə/)
  • EER (/ɛːʀ/) → ÉR (/ɛːr ~ eːr/)
• EH (/ɛh̚/) → É(/ɛː ~ eː/)
  • EHR (/ɛaˑʀ/) → ÉŔ (/ɛːʁ ~ ɛːɐˑ/)
• AH (/ah̚ ~ ɑh̚/) → Á (/aː ~ ɑː/)
• OH (/ɔh̚ ~ oh̚/) → Ó (/ɔː ~ oː/)
• UH (/uh̚/) → Ú (/uː/)
• AU (/au ~ ɑu/) → Ó (/ɔː ~ oː/)
  • AU (Finial sound) → OV (/ɔf ~ of/)
• EU (/ɔɪ/) → OI (/ɔj/)
• NG (/ŋ ~ ŋɡ/) → NK (/ŋk/)
• PF (/pf/) → P (/p/)
• DT (/dt/) → D (/d/)

Grammar

Just like many other Dolchic languages, Walnerian has two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) four grammatical cases:

• Nominative
• Genitive
• Dative
• Accusative

And three grammatical genders, while in plural, genders merge into one indifferent plural form:

• Masculine
• Feminine
• Neutrum

Articles

Gender	Singular				Plural				English
	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative
Masculine	Tér	Tes	Tem	Ten	Tí	Ten	Ten	Tí	The
Neutrum	Tas			To
Feminine	Ta	Tér	Tér	Tí
Masculine	Ain	Aines	Ainem	Ainen	—	—	—	—	A/An
Neutrum				Aino
Feminine	Aine	Ainŕ	Ainŕ	Aine
Masculine	Kain	Kaines	Kainem	Kainen	Kainí	Kainen	Kainen	Kainí	PRO.
Neutrum				Kaino
Feminine	Kaine	Kainŕ	Kainŕ	Kaine

Nouns

The noun inflections are done based on the article inflections, changing suffixes. It is used only in cases, when the article is not used, else it remains in its nominative form. There are three versions of declensions for each gender, distinguishing between:

• Consonantal suffix: The word ends with a consonant, that is not a sonorant
• Sonorant suffix: The word ends with a -m, -n, -l, -r or -j
• Vowel suffix: The word ends with a vowel or a set of vowels

Types	Singular				Plural				English
	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative
Masculine
Consonantal	Tiss	Tisses	Tissem	Tissen	Tisse	Tissën	Tissën	Tisse	Table
	∅	-es	-em	-en	-e	-ën	-ën	-e
Sonorant	Man	Mans	Manem	Manen	Manen	Manen	Manŕn	Mane	Man
	∅	-s	-em	-en	-en	-en	-ŕn	-e
Vowel	Junke	Junkes	Junkem	Junken	Junkens	Junkes	Junken	Junkens	Boy
	∅	-s	-m	-n	-ns	-s	-n	-ns
Feminine
Consonantal	Caitunk	Caitunkŕ	Cautinkŕ	Caitunkí	Caitunkí	Caitunkën	Caitunkën	Caitunkí	Newspaper
	∅	-ŕ	-ŕ	-í	-í	-ën	-ën	-í
Sonorant	Lérërin	Lérëriner	Lérëriner	Lérëriní	Lérëriní	Lérërinen	Lérërinen	Lérëriní	Female teacher
	∅	-er	-er	-í	-í	-en	-en	-í
Vowel	Frau	Frauŕ	Frauŕ	Frauie	Frauën	Frauien	Frauien	Frauie	Woman
	∅	-ŕ	-ŕ	-ie	-ën	-ien	-ien	-ie
Neuter
Consonantal	Hund	Hundes	Hundëm	Hundo	Hunde	Hundën	Hundën	Hunde	Dog
	∅	-es	-ëm	-o	-e	-ën	-ën	-e
Sonorant	Bychlain	Bychlains	Bychlainem	Bychlaino	Bychlaine	Bychlainen	Bychlainen	Bychlaine	Booklet
	∅	-s	-em	-o	-e	-en	-en	-e
Vowel	Nivëó	Nivëós	Nivëóm	Nivëó	Nivëós	Nivëónen	Nivëónen	Nivëós	Level
	∅	-s	-m	∅	-s	-nen	-nen	-s

Adjectives

Adjective suffixes are tied to the presence of the article (or lack there of) and the gender of the noun the adjective is tied to.

Pronouns

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Combinations of words

Articles, adjectives and nouns effect each other in cases, depending on which are present.

Color coding for word combinations for the purposes of the following sections:

• Nominative case
• Genitive case
• Dative case
• Accusative case

The examples use the words Man and Junk, but this rules apply to any adjective or noun, regardless of gender. The pronouns and articles are mutually exclusive and work in the same way. The example includes the pronoun Kain.

Nominative combinations

Pronoun	Adjective	Noun
		Man
—	—	Nominative
	Junk	Man
—	Nominative	Nominative
Kain		Man
Nominative	—	Nominative
	Junk
—	Nominative	—
Kain	Junk
Nominative	Nominative	—
Kain	Junk	Man
Nominative	Nominative	Nominative

Genitive combinations

Pronoun	Adjective	Noun
		Mans
—	—	Genitive
	Junkes	Mans
—	Genitive	Genitive
Kaines		Mans
Genitive	—	Genitive
	Junkes
—	Genitive	—
Kaines	Junkes
Genitive	Genitive	—
Kaines	Junkes	Mans
Genitive	Genitive	Genitive

Dative combinations

Pronoun	Adjective	Noun
		Manem
—	—	Dative
	Junkem	Manem
—	Dative	Dative
Kainem		Man
Dative	—	Nominative
	Junkem
—	Dative	—
Kainem	Junk
Dative	Nominative	—
Kainem	Junkem	Man
Dative	Dative	Nominative

Accusative combinations

Pronoun	Adjective	Noun
		Manen
—	—	Accusative
	Junken	Manen
—	Accusative	Accusative
Kainen		Man
Accusative	—	Nominative
	Junken
—	Accusative	—
Kainen	Junk
Accusative	Nominative	—
Kainen	Junken	Man
Accusative	Accusative	Nominative

Examples

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