Walnerian language: Difference between revisions
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|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|hallowed be thy Name, | |style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|hallowed be thy Name, | ||
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|Dain Nám | |style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|Dain Nám ssvenk sain! | ||
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|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|Blessed be your Holy Son, | |style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|Blessed be your Holy Son, | ||
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"| | |style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|Ssvenk sain dain Hailik Syn, | ||
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|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|and bless this with your forgiveness and your holy spices. | |style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|and bless this with your forgiveness and your holy spices. | ||
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|ai | |style="vertical-align: top; text-align:left; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif;"|ai ssvenk tí mit dainer fŕgébunker ai dainem hailikem vyrcem. | ||
|style="vertical-align: top; text-align:right; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color:#453402;"|<small>8</small> | |style="vertical-align: top; text-align:right; font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color:#453402;"|<small>8</small> | ||
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Revision as of 16:02, 10 August 2021
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| Walnerian | |
|---|---|
| Rausberian | |
| Rósbériss - Rósberissŕ Sproch | |
.jpg) Walnerian villagers in northern Walneria, circa 1910 | |
| Pronunciation | /rɔːsbɛːriʃ/  |
| Native to |  Walneria |
| Ethnicity | Walnerians |
Native speakers | L1: 11,450,000 L2: 812,000 FL: 581,000 |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin alphabet | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Walneria |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | WN |
| ISO 639-2 | WLN |
| ISO 639-3 | WLN |
The Walnerian language (Walnerian: Rósbériss) is a Dolchic language spoken in Walneria.
History
TBA
Zusamëlfasunk
TBA
Linguistic purism
TBA
Slavic influence
TBA
Present day
TBA
Phonology and orthography
Orthography
The Walnerian language uses a combination of digraph (Cs, Ch, Ss) and diacritic (Á, É, Ë, Í, Ó, Ŕ, Ú) modifications of the Latin alphabet. It developed out of the digraph orthography used by the Early New High Dolch, introducing diacritics for vowels (and letter Ŕ, which developed from the -ER- stem).
| A a | Á á | B b | C c | Cs cs | D d | E e | É é | Ë ë | F f |
| G g | H h | Ch ch | I i | Í í | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n |
| O o | Ó ó | P p | Q q | R r | Ŕ ŕ | S s | Ss ss | T t | U u |
| Ú ú | V v | W w | X x | Y y | Z z |
| Order | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majuscule | A | Á | B | C | Cs | D | E | É | Ë | F | G | H | Ch | I | Í | J | K | L | M | N | O | Ó | P | Q | R | Ŕ | S | Ss | T | U | Ú | V | W | X | Y | Z |
| Minuscule | a | á | b | c | cs | d | e | é | ë | f | g | h | ch | i | í | j | k | l | m | n | o | ó | p | q | r | ŕ | s | ss | t | u | ú | v | w | x | y | z |
| IPA Sound | a ɑ |
aː ɑː |
b | t͡s | t͡ʃ t͡ɕ |
d | ɛ e |
ɛː eː |
ə ◌̩ |
f | ɡ | h ɦ |
x | i ɪ |
iː ɪː |
j | k | l | m | n | ɔ o |
ɔː oː |
p | k͡v | r | ʁ̩ ə |
s | ʃ ɕ |
t | u | uː | v | w ɰ |
k͡s | y yː |
z |
Phonology
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postal-veolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||||||||||
| Nasal | m̥ (m) |
m (m) |
n̥ (n) |
n (n) |
ŋ (nk) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Plosive | t (t) |
d (d) |
ʈ (t) |
ɖ (d) |
k (k) |
g (g) |
||||||||||||||||||
| Sibilant affricate | t͡s (c) |
d͡z (dz) |
t͡ʃ (cs) |
d͡ʒ (dzs) |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Sibilant fricative | s (s) |
z (z) |
ʃ (ss) |
ʒ (zs) |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-sibilant fricative | f (f) |
v (v) |
ʝ (j) |
x (ch) |
ɣ (ch) |
ʁ (ŕ) |
h (h) |
ɦ (h) | ||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | ɹ (ŕ) |
j (j) |
ɰ (w) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Tap/Flap | ɾ (r) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trill | r̥ (r) |
r (r) |
ʀ̥ (r) |
ʀ (r) |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Latelar approximant | l̥ (l) |
l (l) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tongue position | Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i (i) |
y (y) |
ɨ (y) |
u (u) | ||||||
| Near-close | ɪ (i) |
|||||||||
| Close-mid | e (e) |
o (o) | ||||||||
| Mid | ə (ë) |
|||||||||
| Open-mid | ɛ (e) |
ʌ (o) |
ɔ (o) | |||||||
| Near-open | æ (e) |
ɐ (ŕ) |
||||||||
| Open | a (a) |
ä (a) |
ɑ (a) |
ɒ (a) | ||||||
| Long vowels | aː (á) ~ ɛː (é) ~ eː (é) ~ iː (í) ~ ɪː (í) ~ oː (ó) ~ ɔː (ó) ~ uː (ú) ~ yː (y) | |||||||||
Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation
Changes in phonology
Walnerian, being Dolchic, as a direct descendant of Early New High Dolch, uses mostly a Dolch phonology, but due to the national integration, it took notable parts from the Slavic phonology. Notable phonetical shifts include:
- Ä (/æː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
- Ö (/œː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
- Ü (/y/) → Y (/yː ~ ɨː/)
- ER (/əˑʀ/) → Ŕ (/ʁ̩ ~ ə/)[a]
- EER (/ɛːʀ/) → ÉR (/ɛːr ~ eːr/)[b]
- EH (/ɛh̚/) → É(/ɛː ~ eː/)
- EHR (/ɛaˑʀ/) → ÉŔ (/ɛːʁ ~ ɛːɐˑ/)[c]
- AH (/ah̚ ~ ɑh̚/) → Á (/aː ~ ɑː/)
- OH (/ɔh̚ ~ oh̚/) → Ó (/ɔː ~ oː/)
- UH (/uh̚/) → Ú (/uː/)
- AU (/au ~ ɑu/) → Ó (/ɔː ~ oː/)[d]
- AU (Finial sound) → OV (/ɔf ~ of/)
- EU (/ɔɪ/) → OI (/ɔj/)
- NG (/ŋ ~ ŋɡ/) → NK (/ŋk/)
- PF (/pf/) → P (/p/)
- DT (/dt/) → D (/d/)
- ↑ On what sound is used in case of Ŕ is dependent on the word it is used in, as well as position in the word
- ↑ Example may include the Walnerian name "Mér" (Meaning "sea" in English), which is pronounced as /mɛːr/
- ↑ Example may include the Walnerian name "Méŕ" (Meaning "more" in English), which is pronounced as /mɛːaˑ/
- ↑ Does not apply to the monosyllabic words or composite words including a monosyllabic root. Example may be the word "Austóss" (Meaning "trip" in English), as the prefix Aus- can stand alone
Grammar
Just like many other Dolchic languages, Walnerian has two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) four grammatical cases:
And three grammatical genders, while in plural, genders merge into one indifferent plural form:
- Masculine
- Feminine
- Neutrum
Articles
| Gender | Singular | Plural | English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masculine | Tér | Tes | Tem | Ten | Tí | Ten | Ten | Tí | The | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neutrum | Tas | To | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feminine | Ta | Tér | Tér | Tí | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masculine | Ain | Aines | Ainem | Ainen | — | — | — | — | A/An | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neutrum | Aino | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feminine | Aine | Ainŕ | Ainŕ | Aine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masculine | Kain | Kaines | Kainem | Kainen | Kainí | Kainen | Kainen | Kainí | PRO. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neutrum | Kaino | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feminine | Kaine | Kainŕ | Kainŕ | Kaine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nouns
The noun inflections are done based on the article inflections, changing suffixes. It is used only in cases, when the article is not used, else it remains in its nominative form. There are three versions of declensions for each gender, distinguishing between:
- Consonantal suffix: The word ends with a consonant, that is not a sonorant
- Sonorant suffix: The word ends with a -m, -n, -l, -r or -j
- Vowel suffix: The word ends with a vowel or a set of vowels
| Types | Singular | Plural | English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masculine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consonantal | Tiss | Tisses | Tissem | Tissen | Tisse | Tissën | Tissën | Tisse | Table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∅ | -es | -em | -en | -e | -ën | -ën | -e | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sonorant | Man | Mans | Manem | Manen | Manen | Manen | Manŕn | Mane | Man | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∅ | -s | -em | -en | -en | -en | -ŕn | -e | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vowel | Junke | Junkes | Junkem | Junken | Junkens | Junkes | Junken | Junkens | Boy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∅ | -s | -m | -n | -ns | -s | -n | -ns | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feminine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consonantal | Caitunk | Caitunkŕ | Cautinkŕ | Caitunkí | Caitunkí | Caitunkën | Caitunkën | Caitunkí | Newspaper | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∅ | -ŕ | -ŕ | -í | -í | -ën | -ën | -í | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sonorant | Lérërin | Lérëriner | Lérëriner | Lérëriní | Lérëriní | Lérërinen | Lérërinen | Lérëriní | Female teacher | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∅ | -er | -er | -í | -í | -en | -en | -í | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vowel | Frau | Frauŕ | Frauŕ | Frauie | Frauën | Frauien | Frauien | Frauie | Woman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∅ | -ŕ | -ŕ | -ie | -ën | -ien | -ien | -ie | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neuter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consonantal | Hund | Hundes | Hundëm | Hundo | Hunde | Hundën | Hundën | Hunde | Dog | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∅ | -es | -ëm | -o | -e | -ën | -ën | -e | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sonorant | Bychlain | Bychlains | Bychlainem | Bychlaino | Bychlaine | Bychlainen | Bychlainen | Bychlaine | Booklet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∅ | -s | -em | -o | -e | -en | -en | -e | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vowel | Nivëó | Nivëós | Nivëóm | Nivëó | Nivëós | Nivëónen | Nivëónen | Nivëós | Level | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ∅ | -s | -m | ∅ | -s | -nen | -nen | -s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjectives
Adjective suffixes are tied to the presence of the article (or lack there of) and the gender of the noun the adjective is tied to.
Pronouns
TBA
Combinations of words
Articles, adjectives and nouns effect each other in cases, depending on which are present.
Color coding for word combinations for the purposes of the following sections:
- Nominative case
- Genitive case
- Dative case
- Accusative case
The examples use the words Man and Junk, but this rules apply to any adjective or noun, regardless of gender. The pronouns and articles are mutually exclusive and work in the same way. The example includes the pronoun Kain.
Nominative combinations
| Pronoun | Adjective | Noun |
|---|---|---|
| Man | ||
| — | — | Nominative |
| Junk | Man | |
| — | Nominative | Nominative |
| Kain | Man | |
| Nominative | — | Nominative |
| Junk | ||
| — | Nominative | — |
| Kain | Junk | |
| Nominative | Nominative | — |
| Kain | Junk | Man |
| Nominative | Nominative | Nominative |
Genitive combinations
| Pronoun | Adjective | Noun |
|---|---|---|
| Mans | ||
| — | — | Genitive |
| Junkes | Mans | |
| — | Genitive | Genitive |
| Kaines | Mans | |
| Genitive | — | Genitive |
| Junkes | ||
| — | Genitive | — |
| Kaines | Junkes | |
| Genitive | Genitive | — |
| Kaines | Junkes | Mans |
| Genitive | Genitive | Genitive |
Dative combinations
| Pronoun | Adjective | Noun |
|---|---|---|
| Manem | ||
| — | — | Dative |
| Junkem | Manem | |
| — | Dative | Dative |
| Kainem | Man | |
| Dative | — | Nominative |
| Junkem | ||
| — | Dative | — |
| Kainem | Junk | |
| Dative | Nominative | — |
| Kainem | Junkem | Man |
| Dative | Dative | Nominative |
Accusative combinations
| Pronoun | Adjective | Noun |
|---|---|---|
| Manen | ||
| — | — | Accusative |
| Junken | Manen | |
| — | Accusative | Accusative |
| Kainen | Man | |
| Accusative | — | Nominative |
| Junken | ||
| — | Accusative | — |
| Kainen | Junk | |
| Accusative | Nominative | — |
| Kainen | Junken | Man |
| Accusative | Accusative | Nominative |
Examples
Salvian Lord's Prayer
| Anglish | Walnerian | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Our Father, who art in heaven, | Ynsŕ Fotër, du bist in hymëler | |
| hallowed be thy Name, | Dain Nám ssvenk sain! | ||
| thy kingdom come, | dain kénkraich kom, | ||
| thy will be done, | dain wula stán, | 4 | |
| on eurth as it is in heaven. | óf tér eurder ják óf ím hymëlem. | ||
| Give us this day our daily bread. | Ynsŕen téglichen brót gib yns dnéz. | ||
| And forgive us our trespasses, | Ai fŕcain yns ynser zynden, | ||
| as we forgive those | ják víŕ fŕcainen ten | 8 | |
| who trespass against us. | véŕ zyndet gégën yns. | ||
| And lead us not into temptation, | Ai nefyrt yns in fŕlókunkëm, | ||
| but deliver us from evil. | ál chránt yns ód toifëls. | ||
| 2 | For thine is the kingdom, | Neb dain ist tas kénkraich, | 12 |
| and the power, and the glory, | ai ta macht, ai ta rúm, | ||
| for ever and ever. Amen. | fyr imërasdy. Ámen. | 14 |
Tacolist Lord's Prayer
| Anglish | Walnerian | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saviour, who gave us the meal of life, | Retŕ, véŕ gébal yns esseno lébëns, | |
| we who hunger for salvation thank you; | víŕ véŕ hungerën fyr retunk dankën dich; | ||
| Blessed be your Holy Son, | Ssvenk sain dain Hailik Syn, | ||
| who so instructed man in the recipes of savoury goodness. | véŕ ták fyrtnal manen in ten recenpte pikantes gytes. | 4 | |
| Grant upon us the virtues to be | Gevért yns tí sainlichí tugente | ||
| as your son has been on Eurth. | ják dain syn vár óf tér eurder. | ||
| Give us this day our daily tortilla; | Ynsŕí téglichí tortilla gib yns dnéz; | ||
| and bless this with your forgiveness and your holy spices. | ai ssvenk tí mit dainer fŕgébunker ai dainem hailikem vyrcem. | 8 | |
| Forgive those who are ignorant | Fŕcain ten, véŕ nevedën | ||
| and lead us not into the wrappings of soft-shelled sin, | ai nefyrt yns in ten bígunkën fon waich-ssalikes zyndes, | ||
| but deliver us from the blandness of life, | ál laifŕ yns aus tí tŕpaste lébëns, | ||
| 2 | Amen. | Ámen. | 12 |
Currently, there are 44 pages associated to Walneria | |||||||||
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Part of Eurth Universe lore | |||||||||
