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===Zusamëlfasunk===
===Zusamëlfasunk===
The oldest surviving text from the era of Zusamëlfasunk, which could be considered to be written in a predecessor of modern Walnerian is dated into the year 1442 by one of the knights of the king's of Walneria's expedition in Saldania and reads:
The oldest surviving text from the era of Zusamëlfasunk, which could be considered to be written in a predecessor of modern Walnerian is dated into the year 1442 by one of the knights of the king's of Walneria's expedition in Saldania and reads:
:{{font|[...] Jec hahbën wieꝛ ainen noien Nekamarahd, tehr Kehnik Saldaniaꝛ, wehꝛ yns in tehr Krieg ſſikt był gehgën Petꝛ Ente ai zainꝛ Grupe [...]|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}
:{{font|[...] Jec hahbën wieꝛ ainen noien Nekamarahd, tehr Kehnik Saldaniaꝛ, wehꝛ yns in tehr Krieg ſſikt byľ gehgën Petꝛ Ente ai zainꝛ Grupe [...]|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}}
:''[...] Yet we have a new opponent, the king of Saldania, who has sent us into war against Petŕ Ente and the group of his followers [...]''
:''[...] Yet we have a new opponent, the king of Saldania, who has sent us into war against Petŕ Ente and the group of his followers [...]''


Revision as of 10:41, 30 August 2021

Walnerian
Rausberian
Rósbériss - Rósberissŕ Sproch
Kratky, Frantisek - Sumava, drevorubci (ca 1890).jpg
Walnerian villagers in northern Walneria, circa 1910
Pronunciation/rɔːsbɛːriʃ/ Speaker Icon.svg
Native to Walneria
EthnicityWalnerians
Native speakers
L1: 11,450,000
L2: 812,000
FL: 581,000
Dialects
  • Central
  • Tyrámeniss
  • Bitreliss
  • Ósburkŕ
  • Méraniss
  • Kólínŕ
  • Nortŕiss
Latin alphabet
Official status
Official language in
 Walneria
Language codes
ISO 639-1WN
ISO 639-2WLN
ISO 639-3WLN
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The Walnerian language (Walnerian: Rósbériss) is a Dolchic language spoken in Walneria.

History

See also: Entenian Wars

TBA

Zusamëlfasunk

The oldest surviving text from the era of Zusamëlfasunk, which could be considered to be written in a predecessor of modern Walnerian is dated into the year 1442 by one of the knights of the king's of Walneria's expedition in Saldania and reads:

[...] Jec hahbën wieꝛ ainen noien Nekamarahd, tehr Kehnik Saldaniaꝛ, wehꝛ yns in tehr Krieg ſſikt byľ gehgën Petꝛ Ente ai zainꝛ Grupe [...]
[...] Yet we have a new opponent, the king of Saldania, who has sent us into war against Petŕ Ente and the group of his followers [...]

Linguistic purism

TBA

Slavic influence

TBA

Present day

TBA

Phonology and orthography

Orthography

Main article: Walnerian orthography

The Walnerian language uses a combination of digraph (Cs, Ch, Ss) and diacritic (Á, É, Ë, Í, Ó, Ŕ, Ú) modifications of the Latin alphabet. It developed out of the digraph orthography used by the Early New High Dolch, introducing diacritics for vowels (and letter Ŕ, which developed from the -ER- stem).

A a Á á B b C c Cs cs D d E e É é Ë ë F f
G g H h Ch ch I i Í í J j K k L l M m N n
O o Ó ó P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ S s Ss ss T t U u
Ú ú V v W w X x Y y Z z
Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Majuscule A Á B C Cs D E É Ë F G H Ch I Í J K L M N O Ó P Q R Ŕ S Ss T U Ú V W X Y Z
Minuscule a á b c cs d e é ë f g h ch i í j k l m n o ó p q r ŕ s ss t u ú v w x y z
IPA Sound a
ɑ		 aː
ɑː		 b t͡s t͡ʃ
t͡ɕ		 d ɛ
e		 ɛː
eː		 ə
◌̩		 f ɡ h
ɦ		 x i
ɪ		 iː
ɪː		 j k l m n ɔ
o		 ɔː
oː		 p k͡v r ʁ̩
ə		 s ʃ
ɕ		 t u uː v w
ɰ		 k͡s y
yː		 z

Phonology

Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
Bilabial Labiodental Linguolabial Dental Alveolar Postal-veolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal m̥
(m) 		m
(m) 		n̥
(n) 		n
(n) 		ŋ
(nk)
Plosive t
(t) 		d
(d) 		ʈ
(t) 		ɖ
(d) 		k
(k) 		g
(g)
Sibilant affricate t͡s
(c) 		d͡z
(dz) 		t͡ʃ
(cs) 		d͡ʒ
(dzs)
Sibilant fricative s
(s) 		z
(z) 		ʃ
(ss) 		ʒ
(zs)
Non-sibilant fricative f
(f) 		v
(v) 		ʝ
(j) 		x
(ch) 		ɣ
(ch) 		ʁ
(ŕ) 		h
(h) 		ɦ
(h)
Approximant ɹ
(ŕ) 		j
(j) 		ɰ
(w)
Tap/Flap ɾ
(r)
Trill r̥
(r) 		r
(r) 		ʀ̥
(r) 		ʀ
(r)
Latelar approximant l̥
(l) 		l
(l)
Tongue position Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close i
(i) 		y
(y) 		ɨ
(y) 		u
(u)
Near-close ɪ
(i)
Close-mid e
(e) 		o
(o)
Mid ə
(ë)
Open-mid ɛ
(e) 		ʌ
(o) 		ɔ
(o)
Near-open æ
(e) 		ɐ
(ŕ)
Open a
(a) 		ä
(a) 		ɑ
(a) 		ɒ
(a)
Long vowels aː (á) ~ ɛː (é) ~ eː (é) ~ iː (í) ~ ɪː (í) ~ oː (ó) ~ ɔː (ó) ~ uː (ú) ~ yː (y)

Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation

Changes in phonology

Walnerian, being Dolchic, as a direct descendant of Early New High Dolch, uses mostly a Dolch phonology, but due to the national integration, it took notable parts from the Slavic phonology. Notable phonetical shifts include:

  • Ä (/æː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
  • Ö (/œː/) → É (/ɛː ~ eː/)
  • Ü (/y/) → Y (/yː ~ ɨː/)
  • ER (/əˑʀ/) → Ŕ (/ʁ̩ ~ ə/)[a]
    • EER (/ɛːʀ/) → ÉR (/ɛːr ~ eːr/)[b]
  • EH (/ɛh̚/) → É(/ɛː ~ eː/)
    • EHR (/ɛaˑʀ/) → ÉŔ (/ɛːʁ ~ ɛːɐˑ/)[c]
  • AH (/ah̚ ~ ɑh̚/) → Á (/aː ~ ɑː/)
  • OH (/ɔh̚ ~ oh̚/) → Ó (/ɔː ~ oː/)
  • UH (/uh̚/) → Ú (/uː/)
  • AU (/au ~ ɑu/) → Ó (/ɔː ~ oː/)[d]
    • AU (Finial sound) → OV (/ɔf ~ of/)
  • EU (/ɔɪ/) → OI (/ɔj/)
  • NG (/ŋ ~ ŋɡ/) → NK (/ŋk/)
  • PF (/pf/) → P (/p/)
  • DT (/dt/) → D (/d/)
  1. ↑ On what sound is used in case of Ŕ is dependent on the word it is used in, as well as position in the word
  2. ↑ Example may include the Walnerian name "Mér" (Meaning "sea" in English), which is pronounced as /mɛːr/
  3. ↑ Example may include the Walnerian name "Méŕ" (Meaning "more" in English), which is pronounced as /mɛːaˑ/
  4. ↑ Does not apply to the monosyllabic words or composite words including a monosyllabic root. Example may be the word "Austóss" (Meaning "trip" in English), as the prefix Aus- can stand alone

Grammar

Just like many other Dolchic languages, Walnerian has two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) four grammatical cases:

And three grammatical genders, while in plural, genders merge into one indifferent plural form:

  • Masculine
  • Feminine
  • Neutrum

Articles

Gender Singular Plural English
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative
Masculine Tér Tes Tem Ten Tí Ten Ten Tí The
Neutrum Tas To
Feminine Ta Tér Tér Tí
Masculine Ain Aines Ainem Ainen — — — — A/An
Neutrum Aino
Feminine Aine Ainŕ Ainŕ Aine
Masculine Kain Kaines Kainem Kainen Kainí Kainen Kainen Kainí PRO.
Neutrum Kaino
Feminine Kaine Kainŕ Kainŕ Kaine

Nouns

The noun inflections are done based on the article inflections, changing suffixes. It is used only in cases, when the article is not used, else it remains in its nominative form. There are three versions of declensions for each gender, distinguishing between:

Types Singular Plural English
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative
Masculine
Consonantal Tiss Tisses Tissem Tissen Tisse Tissën Tissën Tisse Table
∅ -es -em -en -e -ën -ën -e
Sonorant Man Mans Manem Manen Manen Manen Manŕn Mane Man
∅ -s -em -en -en -en -ŕn -e
Vowel Junke Junkes Junkem Junken Junkens Junkes Junken Junkens Boy
∅ -s -m -n -ns -s -n -ns
Feminine
Consonantal Caitunk Caitunkŕ Cautinkŕ Caitunkí Caitunkí Caitunkën Caitunkën Caitunkí Newspaper
∅ -ŕ -ŕ -í -í -ën -ën -í
Sonorant Lérërin Lérëriner Lérëriner Lérëriní Lérëriní Lérërinen Lérërinen Lérëriní Female teacher
∅ -er -er -í -í -en -en -í
Vowel Frau Frauŕ Frauŕ Frauie Frauën Frauien Frauien Frauie Woman
∅ -ŕ -ŕ -ie -ën -ien -ien -ie
Neuter
Consonantal Hund Hundes Hundëm Hundo Hunde Hundën Hundën Hunde Dog
∅ -es -ëm -o -e -ën -ën -e
Sonorant Bychlain Bychlains Bychlainem Bychlaino Bychlaine Bychlainen Bychlainen Bychlaine Booklet
∅ -s -em -o -e -en -en -e
Vowel Nivëó Nivëós Nivëóm Nivëó Nivëós Nivëónen Nivëónen Nivëós Level
∅ -s -m ∅ -s -nen -nen -s

Adjectives

Adjective suffixes are tied to the presence of the article (or lack there of) and the gender of the noun the adjective is tied to.

Pronouns

TBA

Combinations of words

Articles, adjectives and nouns effect each other in cases, depending on which are present.

Color coding for word combinations for the purposes of the following sections:

  • Nominative case
  • Genitive case
  • Dative case
  • Accusative case

The examples use the words Man and Junk, but this rules apply to any adjective or noun, regardless of gender. The pronouns and articles are mutually exclusive and work in the same way. The example includes the pronoun Kain.

Nominative combinations

Pronoun Adjective Noun
Man
— — Nominative
Junk Man
— Nominative Nominative
Kain Man
Nominative — Nominative
Junk
— Nominative —
Kain Junk
Nominative Nominative —
Kain Junk Man
Nominative Nominative Nominative

Genitive combinations

Pronoun Adjective Noun
Mans
— — Genitive
Junkes Mans
— Genitive Genitive
Kaines Mans
Genitive — Genitive
Junkes
— Genitive —
Kaines Junkes
Genitive Genitive —
Kaines Junkes Mans
Genitive Genitive Genitive

Dative combinations

Pronoun Adjective Noun
Manem
— — Dative
Junkem Manem
— Dative Dative
Kainem Man
Dative — Nominative
Junkem
— Dative —
Kainem Junk
Dative Nominative —
Kainem Junkem Man
Dative Dative Nominative

Accusative combinations

Pronoun Adjective Noun
Manen
— — Accusative
Junken Manen
— Accusative Accusative
Kainen Man
Accusative — Nominative
Junken
— Accusative —
Kainen Junk
Accusative Nominative —
Kainen Junken Man
Accusative Accusative Nominative

Examples

Salvian Lord's Prayer

Anglish Walnerian
1 Our Father, who art in heaven, Ynsŕ Fotër, du bist in hymëler
hallowed be thy Name, Dain Nám ssvenk sain!
thy kingdom come, dain kénkraich kom,
thy will be done, dain wula stán, 4
on eurth as it is in heaven. óf tér eurder ják óf ím hymëlem.
Give us this day our daily bread. Ynsŕen téglichen brót gib yns dnéz.
And forgive us our trespasses, Ai fŕcain yns ynser zynden,
as we forgive those ják víŕ fŕcainen ten 8
who trespass against us. véŕ zyndet gégën yns.
And lead us not into temptation, Ai nefyrt yns in fŕlókunkëm,
but deliver us from evil. ál chránt yns ód toifëls.
2 For thine is the kingdom, Neb dain ist tas kénkraich, 12
and the power, and the glory, ai ta macht, ai ta rúm,
for ever and ever. Amen. fyr imërasdy. Ámen. 14

Tacolist Lord's Prayer

Anglish Walnerian
1 Saviour, who gave us the meal of life, Retŕ, véŕ gébal yns esseno lébëns,
we who hunger for salvation thank you; víŕ véŕ hungerën fyr retunk dankën dich;
Blessed be your Holy Son, Ssvenk sain dain Hailik Syn,
who so instructed man in the recipes of savoury goodness. véŕ ták fyrtnal manen in ten recenpte pikantes gytes. 4
Grant upon us the virtues to be Gevért yns tí sainlichí tugente
as your son has been on Eurth. ják dain syn vár óf tér Eurder.
Give us this day our daily tortilla; Ynsŕí téglichí tortilla gib yns dnéz;
and bless this with your forgiveness and your holy spices. ai ssvenk tí mit dainer fŕgébunker ai dainem hailikem vyrcem. 8
Forgive those who are ignorant Fŕcain ten, véŕ nevedën
and lead us not into the wrappings of soft-shelled sin, ai nefyrt yns in ten bígunkën fon waich-ssalikes zyndes,
but deliver us from the blandness of life, ál laifŕ yns aus tí tŕpaste lébëns,
2 Amen. Ámen. 12
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