This article belongs to the lore of Eurth.

Pikolan language: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 110: Line 110:
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''<!--D́ d́-->DZ dz'''<br>/d̪͡z/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''<!--D́ d́-->DZ dz'''<br>/d̪͡z/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''DŻ dż'''<br>/d̪͡ʒ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''DŻ dż'''<br>/d̪͡ʒ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''DŹ dź'''<br>/d̪͡zʲ/
<!--| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''DŹ dź'''<br>/d̪͡zʲ/-->
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''E e'''<br>/ɛ/
|-
|-
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''E e'''<br>/ɛ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ē ē'''<br>/eː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ē ē'''<br>/eː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ę ę'''<br>/ɛ̃/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ę ę'''<br>/ɛ̃/
Line 122: Line 122:
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''H́ h́'''<br>/x/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''H́ h́'''<br>/x/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''I i'''<br>/ɪ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''I i'''<br>/ɪ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ī ī'''<br>/iː/
|-
|-
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ī ī'''<br>/iː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Į į'''<br>/ĩː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Į į'''<br>/ĩː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''J j'''<br>/j/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''J j'''<br>/j/
Line 133: Line 133:
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''N n'''<br>/n̪ ~ ŋ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''N n'''<br>/n̪ ~ ŋ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ń ń'''<br>/ɲ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ń ń'''<br>/ɲ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''O o'''<br>/ɔ ~ o/
|-
|-
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''O o'''<br>/ɔ ~ o/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''P p'''<br>/p/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''P p'''<br>/p/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|Q q}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/kv/}}
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|Q q}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/kv/}}
Line 144: Line 144:
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''U u'''<br>/ʊ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''U u'''<br>/ʊ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ū ū'''<br>/uː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ū ū'''<br>/uː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ų ų'''<br>/ũː/
|-
|-
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ų ų'''<br>/ũː/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''V v'''<br>/v/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''V v'''<br>/v/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|W w}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/w/}}
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|W w}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/w/}}
Line 153: Line 153:
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ż ż'''<br>/ʒ ~ ʑ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ż ż'''<br>/ʒ ~ ʑ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ź ź'''<br>/z̪ʲ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ź ź'''<br>/z̪ʲ/
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |
Line 187: Line 188:
!9
!9
|DŻ dż ||DƵ dƶ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Dżē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d̪͡ʒ]]
|DŻ dż ||DƵ dƶ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Dżē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d̪͡ʒ]]
<!--|-
!10
|colspan=2|DŹ dź ||style="text-align:left;"|''Dźē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar affricate|d̪͡z]][[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]]-->
|-
|-
!10
!10
|colspan=2|DŹ dź ||style="text-align:left;"|''Dźē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar affricate|d̪͡z]][[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]]
|colspan=2|E e ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ē ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]
|-
|-
!11
!11
|colspan=2|E e ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ē ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]
|colspan=2|Ē ē ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē Ē ||[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|]]
|-
|-
!12
!12
|colspan=2|Ē ē ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē Ē ||[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|]]
|colspan=2|Ę ę ||style="text-align:left;"|''Nosinē Ē ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ̃]]
|-
|-
!13
!13
|colspan=2|Ę ę ||style="text-align:left;"|''Nosinē Ē ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ̃]]
|colspan=2|Ę̄ ę̄ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē AE ||[[wikipedia:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æː]]
|-
|-
!14
!14
|colspan=2|Ę̄ ę̄ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē AE ||[[wikipedia:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æː]]
|colspan=2|F f ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ef ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]
|-
|-
!15
!15
|colspan=2|F f ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ef ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]
|colspan=2|G g ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]]
|-
|-
!16
!16
|colspan=2|G g ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]]
|colspan=2|Ǵ ǵ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ǵē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal plosive|ɟ]]
|-
|-
!17
!17
|colspan=2|Ǵ ǵ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ǵē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal plosive|ɟ]]
|colspan=2|H h ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]
|-
|-
!18
!18
|colspan=2|H h ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]
|colspan=2|H́ h́ ||style="text-align:left;"|''H́ā ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]
|-
|-
!19
!19
|colspan=2|H́ h́ ||style="text-align:left;"|''H́ā ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]
|colspan=2|I i ||style="text-align:left;"|''Mīkastē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]
|-
|-
!20
!20
|colspan=2|I i ||style="text-align:left;"|''Mīkastē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]
|colspan=2|Ī ī ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|]]
|-
|-
!21
!21
|colspan=2|Ī ī ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|]]
|colspan=2|Į į ||style="text-align:left;"|''Nosinē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|ĩː]]
|-
|-
!22
!22
|colspan=2|Į į ||style="text-align:left;"|''Nosinē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|ĩː]]
|colspan=2|J j ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
|-
|-
!23
!23
|colspan=2|J j ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
|colspan=2|K k ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]]
|-
|-
!24
!24
|colspan=2|K k ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]]
|colspan=2|Ḱ ḱ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ḱē ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless palatal plosive|c]]
|-
|-
!25
!25
|colspan=2|Ḱ ḱ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ḱē ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless palatal plosive|c]]
|colspan=2|L l ||style="text-align:left;"|''El ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]]
|-
|-
!26
!26
|colspan=2|L l ||style="text-align:left;"|''El ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]]
|colspan=2|Ĺ ĺ ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]
|-
|-
!27
!27
|colspan=2|Ĺ ĺ ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]
|colspan=2|M m ||style="text-align:left;"|''Em ||[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
|-
|-
!28
!28
|colspan=2|M m ||style="text-align:left;"|''Em ||[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
|colspan=2|N n ||style="text-align:left;"|''En ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals#Alveolar|n]] ~ [[wikipedia:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]
|-
|-
!29
!29
|colspan=2|N n ||style="text-align:left;"|''En ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals#Alveolar|n]] ~ [[wikipedia:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]
|colspan=2|Ń ń ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
|-
|-
!30
!30
|colspan=2|Ń ń ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
|colspan=2|O o ||style="text-align:left;"|''O ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]] ~ [[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|-
|-
!31
!31
|colspan=2|O o ||style="text-align:left;"|''O ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]] ~ [[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|colspan=2|P p ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]]
|-
|-
!32
!32
|colspan=2|P p ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]]
|colspan=2|R r ||style="text-align:left;"|''Er ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
|-
|-
!33
!33
|colspan=2|R r ||style="text-align:left;"|''Er ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]]
|colspan=2|S ſ s ||style="text-align:left;"|''Es ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative|]]
|-
|-
!34
!34
|colspan=2|S ſ s ||style="text-align:left;"|''Es ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative|]]
|Ṡ ẛ ṡ ||Ꞩ ẜ ꞩ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eṡ ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] ~ [[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]]
|-
|-
!35
!35
|Ṡ ẛ ṡ ||Ꞩ ẜ ꞩ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eṡ ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] ~ [[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]]
|colspan=2|Ś ſ́ ś ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eśi ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative|]][[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]]
|-
|-
!36
!36
|colspan=2|Ś ſ́ ś ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eśi ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s̪]][[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]]
|colspan=2|T t ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|]]
|-
|-
!37
!37
|colspan=2|T t ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|]]
|colspan=2|U u ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ū ||[[wikipedia:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]]
|-
|-
!38
!38
|colspan=2|U u ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ū ||[[wikipedia:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]]
|colspan=2|Ū ū ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē Ū ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|]]
|-
|-
!39
!39
|colspan=2|Ū ū ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē Ū ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|]]
|colspan=2|Ų ų ||style="text-align:left;"|''Nosinē Ū ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|ũː]]
|-
|-
!40
!40
|colspan=2|Ų ų ||style="text-align:left;"|''Nosinē Ū ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|ũː]]
|colspan=2|V v ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
|-
|-
!41
!41
|colspan=2|V v ||style="text-align:left;"|''||[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
|colspan=2|Y y ||style="text-align:left;"|''Grūtē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪː]]
|-
|-
!42
!42
|colspan=2|Y y ||style="text-align:left;"|''Grūtē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪː]]
|colspan=2|Z z ||style="text-align:left;"|''Zet ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|]]
|-
|-
!43
!43
|colspan=2|Z z ||style="text-align:left;"|''Zet ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|]]
|colspan=2|Ż ż ||style="text-align:left;"|''Żet ||[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] ~ [[wikipedia:Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ]]
|-
|-
!44
!44
|colspan=2|Ż ż ||style="text-align:left;"|''Żet ||[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] ~ [[wikipedia:Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ]]
|-
!45
|colspan=2|Ź ź ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eźi ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|z̪]][[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]]
|colspan=2|Ź ź ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eźi ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|z̪]][[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]]
|}
|}

Revision as of 17:30, 29 October 2021

Pikolan
Pikoliśų inźuvīs
Lithuanian folklore performance.jpg
Traditional Pikolan festival
Pronunciation/ˈpɪ.kɔˌlɪ.sʲũː ˈɪn.zʲʊ.viːs/ Speaker Icon.svg
Native to
EthnicityPikolans
Native speakers
~2,000,000
Dialects
  • Literary Pikolan
Latin
Official status
Official language in
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-1YA
ISO 639-2YAV
ISO 639-3YVL
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The Pikolan language (Pikolan: Pikoliśų inźuvīs) is a Baltic language spoken in the Yalivian Republic of Dazhdinia.

Orthography

A a
/ɐ/
Ā ā
/äː/
Ą ą
/ɑ̃/
B b
/b/
C c
/t̪͡s/
Ć ć
/t̪͡ʃ/
D d
/d̪/
DZ dz
/d̪͡z/
DŻ dż
/d̪͡ʒ/
E e
/ɛ/
Ē ē
/eː/
Ę ę
/ɛ̃/
Ę̄ ę̄
/æː/
F f
/f/
G g
/ɡ/
Ǵ ǵ
/ɟ/
H h
/ɣ/
H́ h́
/x/
I i
/ɪ/
Ī ī
/iː/
Į į
/ĩː/
J j
/j/
K k
/k/
Ḱ ḱ
/c/
L l
/l/
Ĺ ĺ
/ʎ/
M m
/m/
N n
/n̪ ~ ŋ/
Ń ń
/ɲ/
O o
/ɔ ~ o/
P p
/p/
Q q
/kv/
R r
/ɾ/
S ſ s
/s̪/
Ṡ ẛ ṡ
/ʃ ~ ɕ/
Ś ſ́ ś
/s̪ʲ/
T t
/t̪/
U u
/ʊ/
Ū ū
/uː/
Ų ų
/ũː/
V v
/v/
W w
/w/
X x
/ks/
Y y
/ɪː/
Z z
/z̪/
Ż ż
/ʒ ~ ʑ/
Ź ź
/z̪ʲ/
Names of the letters
Symbol Name IPA
1 A a Ā ɐ
2 Ā ā Garasē Ā äː
3 Ą ą Nosinē Ā ɑ̃
4 B b b
5 C c t̪͡s
6 Ć ć Ćē t̪͡ʃ
7 D d
8 DZ dz Dzē d̪͡z
9 DŻ dż DƵ dƶ Dżē d̪͡ʒ
10 E e Ē ɛ
11 Ē ē Garasē Ē
12 Ę ę Nosinē Ē ɛ̃
13 Ę̄ ę̄ Garasē AE æː
14 F f Ef f
15 G g ɡ
16 Ǵ ǵ Ǵē ɟ
17 H h ɣ
18 H́ h́ H́ā x
19 I i Mīkastē Ī ɪ
20 Ī ī Garasē Ī
21 Į į Nosinē Ī ĩː
22 J j j
23 K k k
24 Ḱ ḱ Ḱē c
25 L l El l
26 Ĺ ĺ ʎ
27 M m Em m
28 N n En n ~ ŋ
29 Ń ń ɲ
30 O o O ɔ ~ o
31 P p p
32 R r Er ɾ
33 S ſ s Es
34 Ṡ ẛ ṡ Ꞩ ẜ ꞩ Eṡ ʃ ~ ɕ
35 Ś ſ́ ś Eśi ʲ
36 T t
37 U u Ū ʊ
38 Ū ū Garasē Ū
39 Ų ų Nosinē Ū ũː
40 V v v
41 Y y Grūtē Ī ɪː
42 Z z Zet
43 Ż ż Żet ʒ ~ ʑ
44 Ź ź Eźi ʲ

Allography

Ꞩẜꞩ Ƶƶ
Ꞩẜꞩ Ƶƶ

There are multiple allography variants of writing characters differnetly, most notably and commonly used are:

  • Ꞩ ẜ ꞩ for Ṡ ẛ ṡ, especially in graphical design and in fine prints to help better distinctions between Ṡ and Ś
  • Ƶ ƶ for Ż ż, especially in graphical design and in fine prints to help better distinctions between Ż and Ź
  • DƵ dƶ for DŻ dż, especially in graphical design and in fine prints to help better distinctions between Ż and Ź

And less commonly, allographic variants are used for softened letters G, K and H, as well as joining of the digraph DŻ:

Ʒʒ Ʒ̇ʒ̇ Ʒ́ʒ́
Ʒʒ Ʒ̇ʒ̇ Ʒ́ʒ́

And relatively rarely, especially in the Pikolan-majority municipalities in Syrania, under the influence of Dazhdin orthography, digraphs are replaced:

And finally, almost never happening in any capacity, the letter Ę̄ ę̄ can appear to be replaced with a Æ æ, although this one is extremely rare and does not appear in any notable capacity.

Grammar

TBA

Examples

TBA