Pikolan language: Difference between revisions
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| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''<!--D́ d́-->DZ dz'''<br>/d̪͡z/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''<!--D́ d́-->DZ dz'''<br>/d̪͡z/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''DŻ dż'''<br>/d̪͡ʒ/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''DŻ dż'''<br>/d̪͡ʒ/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''DŹ dź'''<br>/d̪͡zʲ/ | <!--| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''DŹ dź'''<br>/d̪͡zʲ/--> | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''E e'''<br>/ɛ/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ē ē'''<br>/eː/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ē ē'''<br>/eː/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ę ę'''<br>/ɛ̃/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ę ę'''<br>/ɛ̃/ | ||
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| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''H́ h́'''<br>/x/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''H́ h́'''<br>/x/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''I i'''<br>/ɪ/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''I i'''<br>/ɪ/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ī ī'''<br>/iː/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Į į'''<br>/ĩː/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Į į'''<br>/ĩː/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''J j'''<br>/j/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''J j'''<br>/j/ | ||
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| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''N n'''<br>/n̪ ~ ŋ/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''N n'''<br>/n̪ ~ ŋ/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ń ń'''<br>/ɲ/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ń ń'''<br>/ɲ/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''O o'''<br>/ɔ ~ o/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''P p'''<br>/p/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''P p'''<br>/p/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|Q q}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/kv/}} | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|Q q}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/kv/}} | ||
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| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''U u'''<br>/ʊ/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''U u'''<br>/ʊ/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ū ū'''<br>/uː/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ū ū'''<br>/uː/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ų ų'''<br>/ũː/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''V v'''<br>/v/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''V v'''<br>/v/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|W w}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/w/}} | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''{{color|#808080|W w}}'''<br>{{color|#808080|/w/}} | ||
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| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ż ż'''<br>/ʒ ~ ʑ/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ż ż'''<br>/ʒ ~ ʑ/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ź ź'''<br>/z̪ʲ/ | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | '''Ź ź'''<br>/z̪ʲ/ | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | |||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
| style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | | style="width:4em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
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!9 | !9 | ||
|DŻ dż ||DƵ dƶ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Dżē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d̪͡ʒ]] | |DŻ dż ||DƵ dƶ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Dżē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d̪͡ʒ]] | ||
<!--|- | |||
!10 | |||
|colspan=2|DŹ dź ||style="text-align:left;"|''Dźē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar affricate|d̪͡z]][[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]]--> | |||
|- | |- | ||
!10 | !10 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|E e ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ē ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!11 | !11 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ē ē ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē Ē ||[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!12 | !12 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ę ę ||style="text-align:left;"|''Nosinē Ē ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ̃]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!13 | !13 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ę̄ ę̄ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē AE ||[[wikipedia:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æː]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!14 | !14 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|F f ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ef ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!15 | !15 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|G g ||style="text-align:left;"|''Gē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!16 | !16 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ǵ ǵ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ǵē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal plosive|ɟ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!17 | !17 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|H h ||style="text-align:left;"|''Hā ||[[wikipedia:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!18 | !18 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|H́ h́ ||style="text-align:left;"|''H́ā ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!19 | !19 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|I i ||style="text-align:left;"|''Mīkastē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!20 | !20 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ī ī ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!21 | !21 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Į į ||style="text-align:left;"|''Nosinē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|ĩː]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!22 | !22 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|J j ||style="text-align:left;"|''Jē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!23 | !23 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|K k ||style="text-align:left;"|''Kā ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!24 | !24 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ḱ ḱ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ḱē ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless palatal plosive|c]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!25 | !25 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|L l ||style="text-align:left;"|''El ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!26 | !26 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ĺ ĺ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eĺ ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!27 | !27 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|M m ||style="text-align:left;"|''Em ||[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!28 | !28 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|N n ||style="text-align:left;"|''En ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals#Alveolar|n]] ~ [[wikipedia:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!29 | !29 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ń ń ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eń ||[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!30 | !30 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|O o ||style="text-align:left;"|''O ||[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]] ~ [[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!31 | !31 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|P p ||style="text-align:left;"|''Pē ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!32 | !32 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|R r ||style="text-align:left;"|''Er ||[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|ɾ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!33 | !33 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|S ſ s ||style="text-align:left;"|''Es ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s̪]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!34 | !34 | ||
| | |Ṡ ẛ ṡ ||Ꞩ ẜ ꞩ ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eṡ ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] ~ [[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!35 | !35 | ||
| | |colspan=2|Ś ſ́ ś ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eśi ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s̪]][[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!36 | !36 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|T t ||style="text-align:left;"|''Tē ||[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t̪]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!37 | !37 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|U u ||style="text-align:left;"|''Ū ||[[wikipedia:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!38 | !38 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ū ū ||style="text-align:left;"|''Garasē Ū ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!39 | !39 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ų ų ||style="text-align:left;"|''Nosinē Ū ||[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|ũː]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!40 | !40 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|V v ||style="text-align:left;"|''Vē ||[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!41 | !41 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Y y ||style="text-align:left;"|''Grūtē Ī ||[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪː]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!42 | !42 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Z z ||style="text-align:left;"|''Zet ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|z̪]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!43 | !43 | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2|Ż ż ||style="text-align:left;"|''Żet ||[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] ~ [[wikipedia:Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!44 | !44 | ||
|colspan=2|Ź ź ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eźi ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|z̪]][[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]] | |colspan=2|Ź ź ||style="text-align:left;"|''Eźi ||[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative|z̪]][[wikipedia:Palatalization (phonetics)|ʲ]] | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 17:30, 29 October 2021
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Pikolan | |
---|---|
Pikoliśų inźuvīs | |
Pronunciation | /ˈpɪ.kɔˌlɪ.sʲũː ˈɪn.zʲʊ.viːs/ |
Native to |
|
Ethnicity | Pikolans |
Native speakers | ~2,000,000 |
Euro-Argisian
| |
Dialects |
|
Latin | |
Official status | |
Official language in |
|
Recognised minority language in |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | YA |
ISO 639-2 | YAV |
ISO 639-3 | YVL |
The Pikolan language (Pikolan: Pikoliśų inźuvīs) is a Baltic language spoken in the Yalivian Republic of Dazhdinia.
Orthography
A a /ɐ/ |
Ā ā /äː/ |
Ą ą /ɑ̃/ |
B b /b/ |
C c /t̪͡s/ |
Ć ć /t̪͡ʃ/ |
D d /d̪/ |
DZ dz /d̪͡z/ |
DŻ dż /d̪͡ʒ/ |
E e /ɛ/ |
Ē ē /eː/ |
Ę ę /ɛ̃/ |
Ę̄ ę̄ /æː/ |
F f /f/ |
G g /ɡ/ |
Ǵ ǵ /ɟ/ |
H h /ɣ/ |
H́ h́ /x/ |
I i /ɪ/ |
Ī ī /iː/ |
Į į /ĩː/ |
J j /j/ |
K k /k/ |
Ḱ ḱ /c/ |
L l /l/ |
Ĺ ĺ /ʎ/ |
M m /m/ |
N n /n̪ ~ ŋ/ |
Ń ń /ɲ/ |
O o /ɔ ~ o/ |
P p /p/ |
Q q /kv/ |
R r /ɾ/ |
S ſ s /s̪/ |
Ṡ ẛ ṡ /ʃ ~ ɕ/ |
Ś ſ́ ś /s̪ʲ/ |
T t /t̪/ |
U u /ʊ/ |
Ū ū /uː/ |
Ų ų /ũː/ |
V v /v/ |
W w /w/ |
X x /ks/ |
Y y /ɪː/ |
Z z /z̪/ |
Ż ż /ʒ ~ ʑ/ |
Ź ź /z̪ʲ/ |
Names of the letters | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
№ | Symbol | Name | IPA | |
1 | A a | Ā | ɐ | |
2 | Ā ā | Garasē Ā | äː | |
3 | Ą ą | Nosinē Ā | ɑ̃ | |
4 | B b | Bē | b | |
5 | C c | Cē | t̪͡s | |
6 | Ć ć | Ćē | t̪͡ʃ | |
7 | D d | Dē | d̪ | |
8 | DZ dz | Dzē | d̪͡z | |
9 | DŻ dż | DƵ dƶ | Dżē | d̪͡ʒ |
10 | E e | Ē | ɛ | |
11 | Ē ē | Garasē Ē | eː | |
12 | Ę ę | Nosinē Ē | ɛ̃ | |
13 | Ę̄ ę̄ | Garasē AE | æː | |
14 | F f | Ef | f | |
15 | G g | Gē | ɡ | |
16 | Ǵ ǵ | Ǵē | ɟ | |
17 | H h | Hā | ɣ | |
18 | H́ h́ | H́ā | x | |
19 | I i | Mīkastē Ī | ɪ | |
20 | Ī ī | Garasē Ī | iː | |
21 | Į į | Nosinē Ī | ĩː | |
22 | J j | Jē | j | |
23 | K k | Kā | k | |
24 | Ḱ ḱ | Ḱē | c | |
25 | L l | El | l | |
26 | Ĺ ĺ | Eĺ | ʎ | |
27 | M m | Em | m | |
28 | N n | En | n ~ ŋ | |
29 | Ń ń | Eń | ɲ | |
30 | O o | O | ɔ ~ o | |
31 | P p | Pē | p | |
32 | R r | Er | ɾ | |
33 | S ſ s | Es | s̪ | |
34 | Ṡ ẛ ṡ | Ꞩ ẜ ꞩ | Eṡ | ʃ ~ ɕ |
35 | Ś ſ́ ś | Eśi | s̪ʲ | |
36 | T t | Tē | t̪ | |
37 | U u | Ū | ʊ | |
38 | Ū ū | Garasē Ū | uː | |
39 | Ų ų | Nosinē Ū | ũː | |
40 | V v | Vē | v | |
41 | Y y | Grūtē Ī | ɪː | |
42 | Z z | Zet | z̪ | |
43 | Ż ż | Żet | ʒ ~ ʑ | |
44 | Ź ź | Eźi | z̪ʲ |
Allography
Ꞩẜꞩ Ƶƶ
There are multiple allography variants of writing characters differnetly, most notably and commonly used are:
- Ꞩ ẜ ꞩ for Ṡ ẛ ṡ, especially in graphical design and in fine prints to help better distinctions between Ṡ and Ś
- Ƶ ƶ for Ż ż, especially in graphical design and in fine prints to help better distinctions between Ż and Ź
- DƵ dƶ for DŻ dż, especially in graphical design and in fine prints to help better distinctions between Ż and Ź
And less commonly, allographic variants are used for softened letters G, K and H, as well as joining of the digraph DŻ:
- Ģ ģ for Ǵ ǵ, using Cedillae instead of Accute accent mark
- Ḩ ḩ for H́ h́, using Cedillae instead of Accute accent mark
- Ķ ķ for Ḱ ḱ, using Cedillae instead of Accute accent mark
- Đ đ for DŻ dż/DƵ dƶ, merging the strikethrough with the letter D
Ʒʒ Ʒ̇ʒ̇ Ʒ́ʒ́
And relatively rarely, especially in the Pikolan-majority municipalities in Syrania, under the influence of Dazhdin orthography, digraphs are replaced:
- Ʒ ʒ for DZ dz, is equivalent to Dazhdin letter Dzet (Ʒ)
- Ʒ̇ ʒ̇ for DŻ dż, is equivalent to Dazhdin letter Dzhet (Ǯ)
- Ʒ́ ʒ́ for DŹ dź, is technically similar to Dazhdin digraph ƷЬ
And finally, almost never happening in any capacity, the letter Ę̄ ę̄ can appear to be replaced with a Æ æ, although this one is extremely rare and does not appear in any notable capacity.
Grammar
TBA
Examples
TBA